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the bridges were still away ; indeed, l do not
think they were put up fur a month after my
arrival, for ice continued floating down the
Neva till late in June. This river serves as
aaluicefto drain the Ladoga lake of its ice
•in the spiing ; and if the winter has been
severe, it is along time before all passes, so
that sometimes even so late in the summer
as l have mentioned, the city is quite chilly
and uncomfortable, from the atmosphere pro
duced by the river and canals being full of
the ice of the Ladoga. The statue (eques
trian) of Peter ihe Great is more splendid
than the most exalted descriptions you have
ever read of it. No praise call exceed its
merits.
in point Of society, St. Petersburg!! is not
a pleasant place for people who do not mix
with the nobility ; in case of doing that it is
doubtless very agreeable. There are two
theatres here, a German and a Russian one,
but both very small, (about the size of the
Circus and new theatre in Philadelphia) so
that it is difficult to get a ticket, they are al
ways so crowded. Every Sunday is a mas
querade, which, thank God, is a species of
n.nuseinent not yet introduced into our coun
try, and l hope never may be. It is nothing
more or less than a rendezvous for false
wives and infamous women, who dress them
selves in such a manner, wear masks, and
disguise their voices, so as to be known only
to the object of their wishes. The masquer
ade 'of this place, however, is a very black
guard one ; it is, for the most part, crowded
with*common people, so that, generally speak
ing. pot many f dks of quality go to it, ex
cept on great days. Waltzing is here ex
tremely fashionable, so much so, indeed, that
it is quite impossible to go into society with
out knowing bow to waltz. There is, how
ever, no real happiness for me here ; that
wlu'-ji approaches to it nearest, is when our
countrymen arrive, and give us again to be
hold people from the same blessed region as
ourselves. My brother and myself are the
only Americans in the place, except Mr.
Harris the consul.”
FOREIGN.
FnoM A FRENCH I'iPiH.
State of France.—At the moment when propi
tious heaven seems to be compensating the earth
for the rigours of latter seasons ; when the fruits
with which the land is covered give and promise
abundance; when the vvislied-fm- epoch of the
delivery of the French territory is approaching,
the eye charmed and the mind satisfied, repose
with delight on the picture of France, consoled
for tile past misfortunes, rich in the benefits she
enjm s and in those she expects.
Where are those 1 ,*300,000 warriors whose
battalions covered the soil of France? How
have those nations, which so long cherished re
sentments, abjured their hatred and resigned
their distrust ? A policy founded on good faith
has dissipated their alarms, and French honour,
alwavs so respectable on the field of buttle, has
received new lustre fiom the faith of guarded
treaties. That people, who by their courage
had so long been the arbiters and perhaps the
terror of Europe, have, by displaying other vir
tues, and exercising a milder power, commanded
its esteem, and conquered its friendship.
If we turn our eyes to the interior of France,
what changes within so few years ! Two scour
ges, invasion and sterility, afflicted our provin
ces: nevertheless, traverse their plains, enter
their cities, and you find no trace of the fury ol
man, or of calamities from heaven. Never did
cultivation so far extend its progress : never did
industry so multiply its products. Vt the sight
of those fields to which labor has restored u-
bundance. of those cities in which comfort re-ap-
pears, the traveller with astonishment asks—
“ Is thi- the country which has sutfered so much ?
What hand fertile in prodigies, has so promptly
healed its wounds, assuaged its misfortunes, ami
made prosperity succeed disasters ?”
But, above all, are these the people whom an
unexampled i evolution, the shock of so great a
number of opinions, the opposition of so many
different interests, the fermentation of so many
hostile elements, seemed to expose, every mo
ment to the dangers of a new explosion ? Hap
pily, that agitation which belonged to parties did
not exist in the nation ; to it our institutions guar
anteed the liberty so constantly called for by its
wishes; the government promised the repose so
necessary to its wants; it placed confidence in
the force of the former, and in the wisdom of the
latter; and the law and tranquility now reign on
every point of France.
The public funds, those moveable yet certain
signs of the re-establishment of confidence, dai
ly increase in value. The treasures which cre
dit brings into the coffers of the State, wisely
distributed, flow through a thousand channels,
favouring labour and diffusing plenty. Great
establishments are forming, and extensive spe
culations preparing. Commerce, encouraged
by • uccess, orders agriculture to supply her pro
ductions, industry to open her manufactories, and
casting a look over the ocean, shows our ships the
road to the riches of both worlds.
The administration, attentive to that impulse
which it alternately receives and gives, directs
it tow;.* Is results favourable to national glory
and prosperity. Our hospitals which the foreign
er admires, our schools and instructions, which
he takes for his model, are not the sole objects of
its care. There bridges arc erected on the Isle
and the Dordogne; here roads are opened which
will Ining Languedoc and the Pyrennees nearer
to Paris and Lyons. Pa is raises a temple to
commerce ; and the town, which the patriotic
sacrifice of Eustachc de St. Pierre lias immor
talized* consecrates by a monument the first foot
step which marked on the soil of Fiance the re
turn of the monarch restored to her wishes.—
Every where the administration is commencing,
finishing, or replacing, monuments useful for the
destination given them, or valuable f6r the events
*tliy memory of which they perpetuate.
The sciences have lost nothing ol Hits conside
ration which environed their labours, nor ol the
liappv direction given to their study; less wrap
ped up in mvstery, they willingly descend from
their elevated theories to ingenious applications,
of which the artisan, the labourer and the artist
profit. The French, who have had predecessors
and masters in the arts, no longer reckon any ri
vals in them. Painting, whicli we have lately
seen so fruitful and so rich, is preparing new
master-pieces. The marble, animated under
the cliissel of Phidias, is about to re-produce he
roes ; and the bronze will soon present to.the
view of the capital the beloved features of hen- 1
ry IV. the adored image of a prince, whose vir
tues furnish a thousand subjects of approximation
to the memory and the gratitude of the people,
Eloquence has opened for itself new paths, and
prepared new triumphs for the national tribune.
A woman of talent, who lias written like a
statesman, lias bequeathed to us a work spark
ling with the last rays of her genius. Poetry
has strung her lyre to repeat the song ol a great
bard, and to celebrate the exploits of a great
king. The press multiplies the principal works
of our best authors, and spreads through all class
es that taste for literature which elevates the
mind and polishes the manners. A movement
so general need not surprise, in a country and
period in which the throne shines with the lustre
of knowledge, and gives out oracles of taste.
These benefits, the happy fruits of peace; that
commerce which it favors ; those arts which it
encourages ; that tranquility which it procures,
will long continue undisturbed by arms. But in
the bosom even of tranquility, prudence guards
against perils, and prepares defenders of France.
Schools are opened for youth, where they will
learn the art of conquering under warriors who
have already learned that art from victory.—
Appointments made with selection are 'admit to
reward valor, services ami merit, in all the ranks
of the army. But the state does not confine jt-
self to recompenses for courage displayed in bat
tle. That kind of heroism which rescues from
the Haines their prev ; from the waves their vic
tims : that calm and tranquil courage which
maintains order in cities, and which, though
without splendor, is not without danger, also re
ceives rewards, and obtains marks of honor.—
Thus, ir. pursuing a gram! idea, the government
on tiie one hand, associates the civic virtues with
the qualities of tiie warrior ; and, on the other,
draws closer the bonds which connect the soldier
with the citizen.
This happy concord is necessary in a country
in which the military force exists for maintaining,
and never for repressing, public freedom. Eve
ry day liberty obtains securities. Where is to
be found, not merely under the frightful reign
which proclaimed terror in the name of liberty,
not merely at the period when anarchy wus
powerless against licentiousness, or when despo
tism commanded slavery and prohibited com
plaint, but, at any other epoch, a greater exam
ple of liberty ? When was personal freedom
more respected, property held more sacred, or
the mind less enslaved ? For who would, on ac
count of some dangerous publications, confound
the use of a right with excess, or the application
of the law with the caprice of arbitrary power ?
France, daily appreciating the benefits of a liber
ty which she owes to her prince, will, on the ap-'
proaching elections, seize the opportunity of send
ing to the Chamber of Commons citizens worthy
of representing the nation, and subjects worthy
of surrounding the Monarch.
The picture of a prosperity which is his work,
will, by filling his heart with pure joy, render
his health more confirmed, and his days more
serene. He rejoices at the happiness of France
and the peace which reigns in the state : lie is
gladdened by the consolidation of the throne, and
smiles at the hope of a fecundity which, in giv
ing him new supports, is the object of the wishes
and the benedictions of a whole people.
Africa.—The following interesting intelli
gtnoe ol further exploring the interior of Afri
ca, is from a late London publication :
•• Another enterprise to explore the termina
tion of the Niger is undertaken, and as in all
former ones, with sanguine hopes of success.
Captain Gray, of the Hoyal African Co' ps, is in
structed with the immediate charge of tliR.exp.g:
dition. He is represented as every way quali
fied for solving this geographical enigma : be lias
been seven years in Africa, and is well acquaint
ed with the Jalotf language. The route is to-be
that of the Cambia river,which he had already en
tered. By letters which have been received
from this officer it appears that his arrangements
were nearly completed, and, what was of much
consequence, his people all well, anil in high
spirits, notwithstanding the failure of former at
tempts. A transport had been despatched to the
Cape de Verd Islands, to procure horses and
mules, the return of which was soon expected,
when captain Gray would directly commence his
journey into the interior. The rainy season had
terminated, and the weather was considered as
favorable. Mr. Ritchie, late private secretary
to Sir Charles Stuart, at Paris, and Captain Ma-
ryat, the Royal Navy, are to attempt a journey
towards Tombuctoo. The former gentleman is
appointed vice-consul at Mourzouk, in the inte
rior, the capital of Fczzan, a dependency of Tri
poli, wli -se governor is son of the Bey of that
kingdom. These gentlemen are also sanguine
of success, as the protection of his Highness
and the Bey is guaranteed to them, and the jour
ney not so perilous from that cause as by other
routes, although they have the great Zaharrah to
pass, and must be eight days without meeting
with water. As usual, the French have been be
fore us, and a Spaniard, who travelled in Egypt
for Bonaparte under the assumed name of Ali
Bey, has actually set off. It is already knovvp
that Mr. Bowditch and some other gentlemen
from Cape Coast Castle have penetrated into the
Ashantce country, and been well received, after
some opposition from D.endels, formerly one of
Bonaparte’s servile tools, but now the represent
ative pf the king of the Netherlands. Some cu*
rioits 'information has been received by this
means, which, it is thought gi'.es more probabili
ty to the death tif Mungo Park than any that has
hitherto appeared. Mr. BowdKcli met with
some! Moorish merchants who had been at Haous-
sa, Who stated that while they were at that place
a white man was seen going down the Niger in a
large canoe, in which all the uther persons were
blacljs. This was reported to the king, who im
mediately sent some of his people to advise him to
retuyu, and to tejl him that if he proceeded much
farther, he would be destroyed by the cataracts.
The white man, mistaking the good intentions’ of
the king, persisted in his voyage. The king
sent a large party to seize him and bring him to
\ Hnoussa, which after some opposition they ef-
lected. Here he was detained by the king for
| two years, at the end of which time be took dl of
j a fever and died. The merchants who related
this tale, declared that they had seen the white
I man at Haoussa.—Whether this person was
I Mungo Park or his companion, lieut. Martyny
! the last known survivor of the party besides him
self, no means exist of ascertaining, although
there is strong reasons for supposing that no
othc white persons could have been in the in
terior of Africa in the situation described.
Havana, July 26, 1818.—From Porto Rico
Gazettes of the 13th ult. we have extracted the
following interesting intelligence from the
Maine; Cities of official letters from his Ex
cellency Dn. Pablo Morillo, to the Captain Gen
eral of Venezuela. ‘-'Biigadter Dn. Francisco
Thomas Morales, writes me from Cala'.ozo un
der date of the 13th inst. that lie entered the
town on that day, and found it abandoned uy the
enemy, who left behind them three pieces of ar
tillery dismounted. Ccdeno, who now calls
himself “ Supreme Chief,” was posted about six
leagues distance with a force, as was stated, of
700 cavalry and 300 infantry, a number, which
I conceive to be exaggerated. We have strong
reasons to doubt of the existence of Bolivar, ol
whom we have heard nothing positive since the
action of “ Rincon de los tores.” The Rebels
buried in Rastro with much secrecy a personage,
whom they carried thither wounded, from the
field of battle, and they afterwards spent eight
da vs iiiCalabozoin paying funeral honors and in
offering up prayers, on what account is not
known. I have ordered these circumstances to
be carefully examined into, and I shall inform
you of the result of my enquiries. God pre
serve you many .years. Head Quarters Guata-
paro, May 18th, 18IS.
PABLO MORILLO.
Official letter from the same, to the same, dat
ed Head Quarters, Valencia, May 24th, 1818.
•‘Having understood that the rebel Cedeno occu
pied Calabozoand its environs, and was increas
ing his forces by requiring under pain of death
all the male inhabitants of the towns under his
control to join his standard, as it appears from
the proclamations which he issued, and which
are now in our possession, and by collecting the
remains of the armies of Paez and Bolivar I or
dered Brigadier Dn. Francisco Thomas Morales
Commandant General of tiie Plains, to pursue,
overtake and destroy at all events, this last gang
of miscreants, which the Brigadier actually ef
fected, as he informs me in the following commu
nication, dated
“ Mountain of Patos 20th inst:
“ Most Excellent Sir—I have this moment
“ (half past 5 o’clock in the afternoon) complete
“ ly routed the rebel Cedeno, who at the head of
“ 1200 cavalry and 524 infantry, dared to make
“ a stand at tfiis place against If. M’s. troops
“All his infantry and a great part of Ids cavai
“ ry have been left dead on tiie field of battle,
“ and thfe rest have been completely dispersed
“ I intend to follow the fugitives to their uttei
“ destruction. Our tosh has been very small,
*• but I cannot at present give you any further
“ detail : to-morrow I shall have that satisfac-
“ tion.” 'I he bearers of this despatch, who
were in the action, state, that our loss consists of
Dn. Jose Carcia, Captain of the Regiment of
Navarre, killed, and about fifty wounded. Of
the enemy more than 700 have been killed, and a
large number of horses, a qtfcntity of arms and
other booty, besides a standard, have fallen into
our hands. Tli ey also state, that the rebels on
leaving Calabozo, put to death all the prisoners
and sick, not even’sparing their own wounded
whom they could not carry with them ; and fin
ally, that the prisoners taken from the enemy de
clared, that Bolivar had been severely wou nded
at St. Fernando, having been run through the
body, and that it was not known whether he
dead or alive, &.c. &c. God preserve you many
years. PABLO MORILLO. *
Note—The mountain of Patos is two miles in
advance of Calabozo.
Official letter from the Governor of Cumana,
to the Captain General “Cumana, May 30, 1818.
The enemy having taken post at the Port of
Madera, a league and a half from this place, 1
determined, on this the birth-day of our august
Sovereign, to attack him in his trenches with
700 men, and was so successful as to drive him
from his strong entrenchments at the point of
the bayonet. ,VVe have taken all his cavalry,
consisting of 130 horses saddled, a large quanti.
ty of ammunition, muskets and lances, two pie
ces of artillery which he had mounted there, and
all his cattle. The field is strewed with the dead
bodies of the enemy—We have experienced
some loss. As soon as l receive the returns, I
shall send them to you. God preserve, &.c. Ac.
THOMAS DE CIRE.
A letter from St. Thomas dated fitli August,
states, that the Patriot army on the Main is to
be in future commanded by eve lieutenant gen
erals, viz. Paez, Arismendi, Bermudas, Gregor
M’Gregor and Moreno. Bolivar is president.
General M’Gregor is said to have ascended the
Oronoke with 600 English recruits. Several ves
sels bad arrived from England with munitions
of war of all kinds—that the campaign will open
in December next with a determination oil the
part of the Patriots to establish thS independ
ence of Venezuela. Admiral Brion is said to
have ordere.l two English officer, tul)
col. Campbell, who is at present in the !’ •
States on a mission from Aumistura. * tlutc ^
Slave Trade.—The abolition of this a.,..
ble traffic has been decreed by nearly all
tions of Europe. The king of Sardinia hi, "J*
hshed the following decree on the ^tTl*
Genoa : “ It is hereby ordered that none of of
sunjects, o', w natever class or condition sw
shall directly or indirectly take any part in
slave trade, under penalty of heavy miniZ,.!!!
and forfeiture of all protection from our »ov
ment. It is also further ordered, that any
sel bearing our flag, which shall enter into
above abominable traffic, shall be subject to .
ture if met by any el' oil r ships oDwiar, , n Z
immediate seizure and confiscation on enteri
aiiy port in our dominions. In furtherance!
the above order we have issued our command, J
our consuls resident in foreign countries.’’ *
A Portuguese Inuiaman has returned to Lisbon
having been “ robbed” of 400,000 dollars. '
DOMESTIC.
The vision exploded.—From a correspondent
of the New-York Mercantile Advertiser, Bosto!
z ept. 4.—“ The Sea Serpent, so called, wascsu*
yesterday oft’Squam Light House, by
Rich. Ilis appearance now is very differentf, 0O
what it was when alive and swimming. He,
only Un feet long, and is seven fret in circt«.
ference—his baca, about 5 or 6 feet below hi,
head, of a hard scal v substance, which a liarpooi
cannot penetrate. Captain Rich and his mem*
convinced he is the same animal which has b«,
so often seen and described, and no other; tW
never saw a fish of the kind before—he has s«(.
ral small bunches on his back. The animalisi,
the lower harbor, and will be brought up to tons
to-day, and will be examined by the doctors and
naturalists. He is the same which capt, Rich
struck at a few days since, the wound beingnill
fresh. The last time he had two harpoons drittt
into him, and he dragged the boat (about 4rails)
at the rate of 20 miles an hour. Captain Rid
has never lost sight of the animal, anil lie alnn
judgedh im to be (even when he had the harpooii
into him) at least 70 or 80 feet lung.”
Private letters from Boston say “ it is said there
is nothing like the above animal in the heavtuu.
bove or the earth beneath.”
Curious Serpent.—Orange Rabbet, of Frit,Pi
a few days ago killed and opened a large Copper
bead Snake. A great number of voungonesru
out. these he also killed, and among the ml
found one about five inches in length with tw
heads Double headed snakes have been sin,
but if we mistake nut, it has never been asut-
tained, to a certainty, heretofore, that they wen
not a distinct species.
A'rw mid economical means of ilhminatm.-
1 hereby certify, that some time in last June,Dr.
Robert Hare constructed a Tar-Lamp, anil eihi*
bited it when lighted, in the front of the College
Edifice, before a great number of persons in Wil
liamsburg. From an estimate founded oimex
periment, which was made in my presence™!'*
evening before the exhibition, it appeared thatlh»
light afforded by the flame, was equivalent to i-
bout nine, candles of the ordinary size.—Tie
great inconvenience heretofore experienced ii
producing illumination, with a material affordinj
so dense a smoke as tar, was, in the lampprepu*
ed by Dr. Ilarc, almost totally avoided, or rata
so overcome that the smoke itself was rendered
subservient to the purpose of affording light.—
Upon the whole, 1 have no hesitation in believing
from the great success of the experiment, that the
invention is well worthy of public patronage,and
would furnish an adequate and salutary speciei
ol illumination, upon the ino .t simple and eco
nomical principles.
FERDINAND S. CAMPBELl.
Williamsburg-, (Va.) August 28,1818.
British America.—Mr. Gourlay, who has itudt
a considerable political stir in Upper Canada,
was arraigned and tried for a libel on the prince
regent. The jury acquitted him, and he waitf-
terwards entertained with a splendid public din
ner at Kingston. The toasts drank breath anoW
British spirit.
aval.—Com. Henley takes command of thi
Congress, on a voyage to the Indian ocean.
Tiie Macedonian, captain Downs, will sail m
a few days for the Pacific and the Columbia rivet,
touching in the river Plate.
Baptist Theological Seminary.—The flapli'J
Board ol Foreign Missions have just concluded
their session in N. Y. The object of their delib
eration has been the establishment of a theological
seminary, on an extensive scale. They are cal?
ing in the aid of their churches generally
tin oiighout the union, and have appointed sever#
ministers to travel through the stales and obtiu
subscriptions and collections. The institution
w ill go into partial operation during the approach*
ing fall and winter. In April next, it is eipw‘
ed that it will be fully organized.
GEORGIA, JONES COUNTY.
Jo7ies Superior Court, August Term, 1818—f 1 *
sent his honor Judge Strong.
O N the petition of John B. E. Kllrin, stRijjj
that he was in possession of an original ^ nni ^ L
titles £iven Alexander 11. Kenedy and John H.
to the said John B. B. for lot number 113 in iheMirojj
of Jones, made tiie 29th day of November, 1817j
ditioned to be void upon them, the said Alexandra
John H. making and causing to bo made on the ftr*t *
of February then next, a gtrod and sufficient title to s»
lot of land, and that he has lo*t or mislaid the
that he cannot find it.—On motion of James Fi ierson, >■ *
torney for the appelant, it is ordered, that a cop?
said bond be established in lieu of the original, at
next term of this court, unless cause be shewn to
contrary ; and that a copy of this rule be published
one of tne public Gazettes of this state once a inontli
six months.—A true copy from the minutes, this
day of August, 1818.
GREENE WHATLEY C. S- Cl
August 18, 1818- .,