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nations, living within their boundary.^’ Such being the relations existing at the time, between the United States and the Spanish government, and negotiations pending between the two na tions, forbid the anticipation, that the subjects oi the Spanish king inhabiting the Floridas, would assume an attitude, in the least hostile to the U- nited Stntes. For it is a fair and correct pre sumption, that nations, ns well ns individuals, will act correctly ard faithfully in the observance of their engagements, so far as they are able ; and hence, thuugh the President knew that the Indians living within the limits of Florida, rob bed and murdered our frontier inhabitants, be could not have anticipated, that it had been done by the advice, assistance, instigation, or conni vance of Spanish subjects inhabiting these pro vinces. The laws of huinanitv and the relation ships of amity existing between the two nations, tint only foi bid such a course on the part of the citizens of Florida, but they were engaged by solemn treaty with the United States, to restrain the Indians living within their territories, from the commissionot any violations noon the inhab itants of the American states, in their vicinage. In this supposition then, resulting from the rc^ lationships between the two nations, that the sub jects of Spain were at the least neutral, if not friendly in relation to the United States, this or der, to respect the Spanish forts, in case the sav ages should taT;e refuge under them, not in them, was issued to the commanding General. To have received the hostile savages in their forts, and hence to have protected them against their ene mies, would have been an act of war, on the part of Spain or her officers, which could not, bv the President, have been foreseen. This order, there fore, to the General, to respect the Spanish forts, was founded of course, on the basis, that the Spanish subjects and authorities in Florida, were pursuing a course of neutrality, at the least, in the progress of the war. If that had not been the case, but, the Spanish province had been aid ing and assisting the hostile Indians, in the con duct of the war, the order restrictive of the sound discretion of the general, could not have existed, hut, he had been left at liberty, to select all law ful means as dictated by passing incidents, for the purpose df effecting the express object of the campaign; viz. the effectual termination of the Seminole war. The necessary object of all wars rightfully begun, is to put an end to it; or in o- ther words to procure peace; and that is neces sarily implied, if not expressed, in the orders oi the Executive; which confers by necessary im plication, upon the commanding General, all powers, compatible with the laws of nations,and the usages of war. If the sovereign authority designs to limit the means to be employed by its officer, in the conduct of the war, it is proper, and it is rightfully expected, that those restric tions should be specially and clearly expressed. And hence, when not made, it would be unrea sonable to suppose, that auv restraint was intend- til. v. hit h in its ellet t upon the officer, would have defeated the main objects to'be obtained by his agency. What were the facts as they presented them selves to General Jackson, on the theatre of war ? This next deserves our enquiry. General Jack- son observed no doubt, that his government had taken possession of Amelia Island, which belong ed to the king of Spain, who seemed unable or unwilling, to prevent its being the refuge of run away slaves from the contiguous states, and af fording an asylum to dissolute people, occupied iti the daily violation of the revenue laws of the United States. He must have observed also, that general Gaines, after having taken posses sion of Amelia Island, had received orders from the government to march through Florida, and to chastise the hostile Seminole Indians: who. just before or soon after, captured a boat on the Appalachacola, laden with provisions for our tions of war that general Jackson took possession of St. Marks, and wrote to the governor of Pen sacola expressive of (he nmtives-which had indu ced him to do so—stating that his intentions were 1 entirely pacific, or precautionary, and without any disposition to hold possession ol the place was sent to defend. Tin course of General | Jackson was therefore the only correct one on the occasion. He “ acted on his own responsi bility,” to be sure, ds he should do in all cases; but has he in doing so disobeyed his orders r Certainly not. The special order in relation to the Spanish posts, founded necessarily on the any longer than might be absolutely necessary the ^pai.isn po ts, i»uuu«. . to the speedy termination of the war ; all which presumption that the.SpanartU were euti speedy he referred to his government, Whilst at St. Marks, general Jackson received information on the 15th of April, that the govern or of Pensacola had furnished provisions to live hundred warriors or hostile Indians ; and that two different parties ot them had, with the know ledge of the governor,been supplied and furnish ed tor war, had proceeded from Pensacola to the frontier of Georgia for the purpose ol killing and plundering its inhabitants. The general as yet, had been able to find but few of the enemy, and those were nourished, assisted and protected by the Spanish authorities, constituting but a small portion of those whose inroads and outrages on the frontiers so frequently repeated, had produc ed the necessity of the campaign. Was lie re quired under these circumstances to return home, without doing any thing in the least effectuaHn putting a period to the murderous and predatory incursions of the Savages ? This was an object all important tn the government; and to cii’ect which it had been deemed necessary to put in re quisition the very distinguished energy and ta lents of Jackson. He had done little towards chastising these savages, and still less which was calculated to put an end to the war, which con stituted the great object of the expedition, and which must have been principally insisted on by the spirit of the president's order to the general. Under these circumstances I say, was it requir ed of general Jackson to march back to their homes, his brave and patriotic followers, who had suffered considerable hardships in a march of 800 miles, with half provision, and often wad ing to their chin in swamps and rivers ? I repeat it, under such circumstances, could it have been expccteil of general Jack-on, to turn back bis troops ; and that too, without having done any thing in the least calculated to put an end to the Ml LI,I.Milt'S STORe! ' R>. BATEMAN informs the 1 Mill edge vi 11e and its vicinity, that'/ has just received a handsome assortment „ in gant Chip, Silk, Straw, & leaver H onnet , e i the first quality from Ncw-York, which she Ja dispose ot on reasonable terms, at her so.,. 1 dooV to Messrs. John JkW. Lucas, October 13. ’ Milledgeville. NOTICE. W ILL be S(,1<1 nn t,le firs * Tuesday in b, ▼ ▼ comber next, pursuant to an order ,i the honorable the inferior court uf J om ,s sitting for ordinary purposes, 101 1.4 1 I land,“being one ball of lot No. 180. in'the^ill! ; vl ’. ,cl 'I district of Baldwin, when surveyed September • now Jnti w J\M os LOCKETT, guardian, I the war, ceased to exist, the moment that these people took any part with the enemy, lhe cm- coverv of this fact, therefore, left Jackson to the sole direction of the general order given him, in adopting all lawful means to put an effectual end to the Seminole war. Jackson acted on a state of things as they presented themselves to him on the theatre iff action—facts which were entirely unknown to the President, and which OMlvl> could have formed no part of his contemplation ) countVj w ithin one mile of" the (huTi' at the time his order was issued. It was a new j r j ver * nenr Tours Ford, and belon-dne to A" case ; not within the scope ot the order to res- yy H u lll)soa! a m ; nor . B 0 Jotl » pec.t the Spanish forts, but depending on the law of nations and usages of wart which Gen. Jack- son was bound,to observe, or tor at'.y violations of which he stands respons ole to his country. —That this was the state of things is miUle plain by example. Let us suppose that when Gen. Jackson marched to St. Marks in search of his enemy, agreeably to his orders from bis govern ment, that he not only found the enemy under the walls of the garrison, but within it, and that the Spaniards commenced firing from the walls of the fort upon his army. Could it he possible that the President’s order to the General was in tended to embrace such a ca c c as this, under the special provision to respect the forts, &c. ? W as Jackson in this situation to halt his army, rest their arms, and receive the butchering fire of thej w j|| p orln otlc TO WORKMEN. V NY person or persons willing to contract (1 repair the- road from Fort Haw-kins to Stoddert, will please to make proposals a'ldsmt them under seal to the Post-office at Milled* ville or the Creek Agency, on or before the y day of next month. (October.) The iiropojo, must state the charge for each laborer per d the contractor finding all necessary tools and pro. vision : and the charge per day for a white irj n to attend the laborers at their work. To atom, mod ate parties, the contract will be divided |[ desired. From Fort Hawkins to FortBainbriiln otic division ; and from Fort Bjjj. v.iw.. Ml ..i-7 I I M > 1 II I 1VJ1111 UIIV. Ul > I3IU1I y U 1 111 J I (Jill I 1 (jpj jjllf garrison, directed by the Indians and Spaniards, I bri.ljgc to Fort Stoddert the other. It is exnect combined in unknown proportion? Or retreat e d that any person offering to contract wiiui precipitately without the Spanish limits, leaving a (,| e f ur „j s h a t least six able bodied bands— the Indians ready to issue from their asylum, equipped, provisioned and refreshed by their friends, to lay waste^the frontier settlements, in the absence of all relief ? I say, under such circumstances, should Jackson have thus acted ; or should he not rather have advanced, dislodged his enemies, garrisoned the fort, and thereby el- The agent for Indian affairs, or his assistant »itl attend occasionally and point out the repaid required. September 1 < T). P. MITCHELL, A. I,i, 1813, war, which was the sole object' of his long and ^cteil for Spain, what she was unable to do for harrasing march ? General Jackson knew when | herself; and which lelt undone, exposed our at St. Marks, that the principal chief and war rior of tiie Semtnoles was then at Pensacola, with | Lom a large number of his followers, waiting only the retrogression of our troops to march from that post, to renew the scene of blood and rubbery which had been so recently checked on our bor ders by the approach of his army. Was he then required to retrace his steps, and take post with in our limits, and then patiently wait until sa vage chivalry should give him battle in his tren ches—or, proceed to Pensacola where the Span ish subjects and authorities aided and protected the Indians—rout them from the ice, garrison the Spanish fort, and report the whole proceed ings to his government, that such a course might be taken as policy and justice should require? Had the gcucral done less than this, the whole nation would have raised an outcry, and might with great propriety have declared, that much too little had been effected—Nay, that nothing effectual had been accomplished, though great expense and incalculable hardships bad been in curred and suffered. The general had no time to lose; the sickly season was fast approaching— most of his army exhausted by fatigue and suf fering, and every day becoming more anxious to return to their homes and families. The Indians were protected at Pensacola, where they were supplied with provisions, or had eluded all his search and diligence by inaccessible swamps and morasses. Spain it is said, was unable to re strain the Indians from the commission of hosti lities, agreeably to the treaty with the United States. In deference to the Spanish government this is presumed ; and it is so stated in the Intel C'rreL' Agency, September 20,1818, ' WHITE man who says his name isllerm Mitchell, and that his place of residence« frontier to savage butchery and depredation ? I Jasper county, Geo. has been apprehended intW Uommon sense—the sense of all nations will an- Creek Nation, having in his custody a neno mu wer this question. This supposed ease, is in all essential particulars, similar to the facts which occurred to General Jackson, on his approach to these forts. He was not fired upon, it is true; but here, the enemy found refuge from his pur suit,and were furnished with all the means neces sary for the pillage and murder of our citizens. The Spaniards did not as it appears, take an im mediate share in the hostilities of the savages, but by the protection and supplies furnished them in their forts, the Indian war acquired all its force and indicated a participation on the part of 8pain either voluntary or constrained, the effect of g m ms custouy a negw u® who calls himself Boson; upon examination of the white man he has at one time said he had got- ten the negro of one John M’Murray •' at ano ther time that he purchased him in or bear Ao- gusta, and again that he purchased him aur Charleston, S. C. It is however believed that hi has no right to the negro. The negro sajs he belongs to Mr. Jordan Baker, lately a resident of Jasper county, but now residing in the Chero kee purchase. The negro appears to be about 5) years of age ; is short built, and considerably knock-kneed ; he is a tolerable blacksmith Ttie owner is requested to call at the Agency, prate which was equally injurious as a state of war property and take him away, with that power. ‘ ARISTIDES. <l The Georgia Journal of the 8th September, contains four columns and a half of words w about and about,” gen. Jacksoii ; the usual professions of candor, and independence, and the usual practice of partial ami side way crim ination ; nearly four columns of the matter are under the signature of A. B.—in which every means that disingenuity and hostility to the gen eral that cun be raked up, is brought forward. He goes back to Orleans &. digs up that act whichgeue- al Jackson undertook on bis own responsibility, in arresting persons whose arts were calculated to arrest his efforts, to save that place from the formidable enemy, magnanimously submitted himself to the laws after he had combatted and overwhelmed the enemy ; and for which he has obtained the troops, under the command of lieutenant Scott 5 ligencer. From the fact, however, of finding the putting to dea’h him, and forty men, all of whom wore the military uniform of the U States. It was these troops under the guidance of gen. Gaines, together will) such auxiliary military I'm ce as he might deem necessary and call forth for the purpose of putting an end to the Seminole war, that general Jackson was designated to com mand, by order ol the executive. After organ izing the Georgia militia at Hartford, he march ed from thence on the 19th of February.—On the 22d, reached Fort Early, anil soon in March ar rived at Fort Scott, near the Florida line.— "Within the limits of the United States, general Jackson could Grid none of the hostile Indians. His orders authorised him to search for them in Florida; he did so, and found but a few at Tallasee. Still pursuing the object of his com mand, he found them embodied at Mickasuky, where he defeated them and took some prisoners, from whom he learnt that a large body of his en- ein es weic protected ar.d provisioned at St. Mark®, a Spanish garrison. From this place in prosecution of the object ol the war, lie deter mined to dislodge them. Before taking this step however, he wrote to the Spanish governor at Peu- slcota, requesting permission to navigate the Spanish waters in the conduct of the w ar against the Seminolcs. This request was refused ; and the denial was couched in terms so harsh and ac rimonious, as when taken in connection with the information obtained from the prisoners, furnish ed the evidences of a well grounded belief,that the Indians were instigated to war and received as sistance from the Spanish authorities in Florida. Under this conviction be marched to St. Marks, which he reached early in April. On his march to the place, he ascertained clearly, that at this post, the Indians were in tlve habit of receiving supplies of provisions and munitions of war ; auu that they were encouraged by the Spaniards there to plunder the frontier inhabitants of their cat tle which they exposed for sale to the inhabitants of St. Marks ; and that in consequence, the in habitants at this post had purchased cattle of the Indians with a lull knowledge of their having been stolen from the frontier inhabitants of the United States. it was during the continuance of these habits of intimacy between the Indians and Spanish au thorities, while the former were holding council: in thoij- forts and receiving from them the muni Indians embodied at, and in the Spanish garri sons, front whence they proceeded, furnished and quiped for war, bv the Spaniards, no other con clusion rou!• t have been formed, but that these garrisons were not only unable to restrain the Indian*, but that dreading their vengeance in case of denial, they were compelled to furnish the means of their massacres and plunder. In this respect the case is perfectly similar to the cir cumstances, w hich had before induced the Unit ed States to seize upon the occupation of Amelia Island. It seems that a set of pirates, renega- does ami runaway negroes, had not only taken possession, but had also usurped all the authori ties ol the Island, and were daily pirating the seas, and smuggling, in violation of the revenue laws of the United States. Under these circum stances, the United States took possession of the Island; and it is not understood that the Span ish minister resident at Washington city at the time, made any complaint to our government on the subject—sensible no doubt, from the facts, that the conduct of the government in the affiiir had been just and proper. Spain was similarly situated in respect to the savages in Florida, be ing additionally bound by treaty to restrain them But she was not more able to restrain the Indi ans of Florida from robbing and kilting on our frontier, than to prevent the settlement of a set ol p'rates and smugglers in Amelia Island. The United States are not at war with Spain nor does she desire to be so, but is ready according to Jackson's treaty with the garrisons, to deliver them up whenever the Spanish nation will fur nish a force, sufficient to prevent the Indians from taking shelter in, and by compulsion, pro curing warlike support from them. There isone difference, and only one, between the case of the garrionsof Saint Marks and Pen sacola, and Amelia Island. The first was taken possession of to prevent the effusion of blood ol men, women and children ; the latter, to prevent spoliations on our revenue, or to save a little money to the treasury. Had Jackson returned home without destroying his enemies, whom he could not reach, and left St. Marks and Pensaco la as he found them, his campaign had been les: than nugatory. The Indians, exasperated, but not conquered, would have pursued in the rear ol his retiring army and with increased ferocity, crimsoned liis steps with the blood M1TCIIEU, is:. A. I. VC. J. NOTICE. % R '"ILL be sold by an order of the Court 0 tt Ordinary, on the first Tuesday in Vecew- jber next, part of the real estate of Levi Junta, j deceased, consisting of one hundred and seventy j acres of wood land, more or less : it being part of No. 15, adjoining Alexander Reid, Samuel Cowls and John Lee, sen, &.c. Terms mile known on the day of sale IS HAM KUOOKS, "Had Putnam, Sept 20 ADMIMSTHATf lToTs AuT - ' ILL be sold on'the premises, in Mor;w V y county, on the first Tuesday in January next, between the usual hours of sale, one lot of . A* I • Z I •. HXSA'.a I CVill LIIU II Mi ill IIIU1I 5 Ul SfllC. MU app ause ot ns countrv, ami merit- t i i,,.„ • X . , . .. Land whereon the subscriber now lives. ed as much as Curtius, a glorious immortality ; he undertakes to be the apologists of the savages and the patron of their crimes, and to vindicate a band of law less assassins against the laws of civilization : lie is the apologist and vindicator of the emissaries of massacre, and desolati >n, Ainbristie and Arbuthnot, and speaks of them as j if they were apostles of religion, or ministers of |"ITi!^- concord and pence ! and withal apologizes lor the general administration, by the effort to transfer tve responsibility of all the acts of the Florida invasion to the general, nut suffering to be brought into view the fact that a futile war had existed a year before gen. Jackson took the field under general Gaines ; and that it was upon liis inability to execute the views of the administra tion, that gen, Jackson was called in to accom plish them. Mot than half the above lot is cleared and iindcrgiwd fence, nearly one thousand bearing peacii trees, a comfortable dwelling house with several cab- bins, and well watered : it bei ng pa-t uf the real estate of Andrew Brown, deceased, sold fortlis benefit of the heirs of said deceased. Terms mad^known cn the day of sale, but at least hit Joseph moruovy, tufmr. m right of Iii-iffi* EIGHT DOLLARS REWARD. / AN A WAY from the subset ibor*a plantation The same paper reiterates the charge against general Jackson for arresting col. Brearly, with out stating what was the truth, that it was upon the representations of gen. Gaines, who sought to screen his own miserably deficiency by misre presenting his own orders, and alledging to gen. • on Little river, about three weeks ago, a ne gro fellow named Edmund, about five feet W or five inches high, stout burlt and dark com plected, The above rew ard will be given for tins delivery of the aforesaid negro. Wuxi am cage.' MI, NOTICE. wife Rebecca having left riy bod *t* board w ithout any just provocation, I Jackson, that col. Brearly had not orders, from jtherefore forworn all persons from trading "ij hitn; but which order? were produced on the court marshal, and before which general Gaines atonton, Sept. 2A ore acknowledged those orders, which he had stat ed to general Jacason that he had never given, urging that his object w as not ti* criminate colo- :l Brearly, but to reach the army contractor through him: this is a specimen ot general hip indeed ! It must be obvi us to any man acquaint ed with military principles, that the accusation of any officer is sufficient to arrest another, and that in ordering a court marshal, the general in chief command cannot be considered as giving any opinion, when he orders a court upon the charges of another. Who made the charges ? General Gaines. Were the charges sustained, or even plausible ? They were so far from plaus ibility that the orders of gen. Gaines proved the charges which lie had himself made to be false and? groundless. There are several circum stances eonnected with these transactions, w hich we do not choose at this moment to touch: but which will exhibit those transactions in a light that will astonish the whole country.—Jiurora. ENTERTAINMENT, B Y Held <§• Holt, at the Union lintel, east corner of the State-House square. Millcdge- f those he ville,. Georgia her on my account, as I will not be accoanlaWt or her contracts. JOII.V STl'CXEI. Sept. 24. FOR SALE—A BARGAIN. > NE Tract of LAND, 2d district, Wilkins^ county, No. X06, containing 202 1-2 acres. KOBEHT HAIF0BD. CABINET FURNITURE. T HE subscribers have on hand some hand some Mahogany Furniture, winch thev »ii> lispose of on moderate terms. Persons wishing to purchase furniture will do well to call on «*► as we intend keeping it constantly on hand. A* soon as the boats can ascend the river we sh*' 1 have a good assortment. Also a few dozen I* 11 ' cy Chairs. Any orders from this or the a<ljil c#l *‘ counties will be punctually attended to. MARSHALL &. SASOSRL MiUedjjeriUe, September 5. TO JOURNEYMEN TAILORS. L IBERAL wages and constant employ®*®* will be given to two good Journeymen lots, of steady habits. WILLIAM BRESSIE. Milledgeville, Sept 28