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supported by Acm, in any event, to the last ex tremity. Their means of defence, of which they are ful ly aware, arc, in pro/ irtion to their numbers, 1 greater perhaps than those of almost nay other people, and the duration and events of tiie war have strengthened the general determination nev- 1 erto submit to h'pain. 't his determination rests Upon the recollection of former sufferings and de privations ; upon a consciousness of their ability to defend and govern themselves, and upon a con Victkm that, in case of submission, on any tenn- thev would, sooner or later, he made to feel tin- vengeance of the mother country. These con siderations doubtless have the most weight upon the minds of those who have take, a leading part. They of course use rfil their influence to enforce them, and thus to keep up the spirit ol the revolu tion. In this they probably have had the less dif ficulty, as, although the sufferings ol the peopl have been great, particularly in military service, and in raising the contributions necessary for that service, yet the Incubus of Spanish power being thrown off, and with it that train of followers who tilled up almost every avenue to wealth and conse- cer ami the army to the country, belonged to the military committee. Hut, so far as related to the cases of Arbuthnot and Ambrister, these men wore foreigners ; they were said to have claimed to he British subjects, and it was thought bv some tliat they owed a temporary allegiance to Spainu in this case, then, the investigation ap peared to belong to the foreign relation commit; lee, as having a direct connection with their du ties. The committee only wished that the house should decide whether they were or were not to examine the subject. If the house negatived the tesolve, the committee of foreign relations would consider it as the wish of the h*use that they should not examine the subject. The Speaker intimated his impression that the whole discus-ion had been premature, and tlint the original proposition, being one of mere refer lutve gone into a discussion on ihis co,lateral que s- tion, b> which no bounds could be assigned. Mr. Cobb waved any further remarks lor the '^The "question was then taken on indefinite postponement of the resolution, and decided in I he affirmative by a large majority. ihsteSd of creating one-fur it was a f i lie ted c that no son of a soldier, (b v "t|'.‘,, le 7“ meant not to include officer-,) | n ,| - m '"* been educated at the military 4lion Blitoil tlmt if* M.. 'i Thursday. December 10. On motion of Mr. .1. S. Smith, it was resolved That the secretary of Hie treasury he instructed io lav before the house u statement of the progress that'ha* been made under an act of Congress ol the Si! of March, 1817, entitled “ An act to set apart, and dispose of certain public lands, for the encouragement of the cultivation ol tin; vine and olive whether the lour townships, ol six miles 1| M mare each, have been laid off and reserved for *’ ijti: ;i r i'i whether nny ns^unt or ademy. Mr.'l’fl ’* nine ' - — - v ^/lfl And that in all cases the should prevail, he would move't'oadd the'n'i' Wlt imr : “ And that in ...II l ' le ,0, *Qt given to those whose parents are least vllw 6 ence tlld not authorise the range which hud been the purposeulor - • , ■ .... agents, acting fur the French emigiants. have taken in debate. Gentlemen oil nil bunds ap ared disposed, lie thought, to anticipate the tie mtracted for the said lands, and on what terms: pcareu disponed, nc -tiioir’iii, in me tic- uum.. bate which would more properly take place at a i and whether such agent or agents are now i esu different stage of the business, alter tire commit- ing on said lands ; together with the mimoei ol . ° . . . TS I ... i.. 1. ...... .11.11 o l i,t I n!l. Oil I s MU quencc, the higher classes have been atr .kened to ke| ,. blJt#sa motion lor i lu | e fi„ite postpone- a sense of advantage they did not beior** ,,n,nu —i .... tees should make their reports. Mr. Cubb said, that his views on the subject of : said reservation, . ... .. the latitude of debate were the same as the iSpea- made in the culture ot th-vine and olive. " ‘ ' ' On motion of Mr. Sto - it was resolved, I hat uente them move an additional section requiring C a‘et remain at the academy until the age of * " five tears. Air. Clay prefaced the motion he rose to bv observing, in reply to the opnoi bill, that it was a new thing to hear , • , rrsicv of the poor : he should not he snri v'to' something like such an nrUtncracr, but he dH not think the bill would be productive of tl.pt ' any other vaulable efleet. Relieving that if.. W lection might he very well left with the secrete" of war, in whom it was now vested, and, notf'Z ing able to perceive that any good u.mhl croiv,,^* ol this bi l, il passed, lie moved that the ” tee rise i French’emigrants tlmi have made settlements on tee rise, rep-ort progress, and then lot the LJ said reservation, and the progress that has been get rid of the yvhole subject. * . . t below: enjoy. mcn * w |,ich went to the principle of the question,, They have seen their commerce freed from legal ( Mn# n(|u he thou-dit Himself called unon rest’ - dots, their articles ot export become more valuable, their supplies furnished at a lower rate, ; be w tj u , tiie President <d' the United States !»e requested ivas now mode, he thought himself called upon to lay before this house copies ot any cniiespon- 1 lo state why he could not assent to it, audibly |< pw.ei deuce between the governor of the state qf Geor- i.... .......... .... enquiry to proceed as propped, j gia and major .general AinVtv Jackson, lelative and all the officers of government, or other era-, T1(e su jjj ect9 embraced by the resolutimi, lie said, ] to the arrest or other proceedings against captain plovments, laid open to them itsfiur-objects ol j wm . two : the Seminole war, and the trials of; Obcd Wright, which may have been transmitted Arbuthnot and Ambrister. Did this Seminole j to any of the executive departments of tiie Unt- competiiion. The lower cia ses have' roond their labor more in demand, and bettor paid lor; audi their importance in society greater than it former ly ivas. They are yet, however, from their indolence, general want of education, ami the gnat mixture of ■■ c ut amongst them, in a degraded state, but li tie felt in the affairs of the government, l ire sti.n ilous n'ow given will operate to produce a change in them lbr tile better, and it is to be pre sumed, will gradually have its effects, as their do cility, intelligence and activity, when called into service, give evidence that they are not deficient in natural or physical powers. Labor, as it becomes more general, will become less irksome to individuals, and the grad is! acqui sition of property' which must necessarily res dt from it.in such a country under a good govern ment, will doubtless produce the happy effects there which it h ts uniformly produced elsewhere, and more especially in countries where the pop ulation is small when compared to the extent ot territory. I am i cry sensible that I may have been led in to errors of fact or inference. In that case 1 can plead honesty of intention, and the difficulty of collecting at a single point, and within a limited time, correal information ; or of analyzing that which was collected, respecting a people in a state of revolution, who ara spread over an immense country, and whose habits, institutions and lan guage are so different from our own. I have only to add, that vve were politely re ceived by the Supreme Director, who made eve- rv profession for our government, and every of fer of accommodation to us, as its agents, which We had a right to expect, and that the people, man ifested on all occasions the most friendly dispo sitions. Congressional Proceedings. war or these trials of Aibuthnot ami Ambrister concern our foreign relations ? Were they like ly to involve us in any disputes with foreign powers, or to affect the relations ol this with any other government ? if so, the subject belonged properly to the committee of foreign i elutions. Ilis own opinion was, Mr. (J. said, that these matters had an intimate connection with our fo reign relations. It was somewhat do'ubtful, he continued, whether the whole of this war had not been waged on unconstitutional principles. He knew very well, he said, that it had heretofore been urged in this house, ami was a received opi nion, that, under a law now in existence, the Pre sident could employ the military forte of tne U. tates for tiie purpose of repelling invasion by the Indians. Hut lie had never understood that this power extended beyond the limits of the ter- j amount : Also, what descriptions ol paper have This motion prevailed, and (lie bill bcin»r» I ported to the house, ttie committee was refii. il leave, to sit again ; and the bill was laid ^ table. on the Friday, December 11. REDUCTION OK THE AH MY. Mr. Williams, of North Carolina, after rred ling tiie recollection of the House to the fart th- 1 [ at the session before the last he had proposed *’ I resolution for the reduction of the- army, nnnmin-" cod his intention to renew that proposition. }f c I yet thought the measure necessary. l n a ]’i f I ted States. On motion of Mr. Campbell, it was resolved That a select committee he appointed to reporti bin for taking the fourth census or enumeration J countries that standing armies are dangerously of the inhabitants ol the United States. | liberty, was a truth geuer iily admitted, and The-house resumed the consideration of the re-. this country particularly, solemnly recognized-. I solution, submitted by Mr. Simkins, on the 7th ; U i this belief, lie said, he had grown up ; i„ t 'i~ inst. which was amended to read as foil wy and belief he had lived. His opinion as to the oxw. was adopted : Unsolved, that the secretary ol dicney of reducing our present military forco rr the treasury be requested to lay before this hoesc ' " ■ • • . . . a statement of the sales, public ami private, of public lands northwest of the river Ohio,the pur chase money which lias not been fully paid ; the credits given on such sales ; the sums which have been paid thereon ; those which are now due, and the periods at which they become so : whether a- ny instalments are yet to fall due, and to what HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Wednesday. December 9. The house having proceeded to tta considera tion of the resolution yesterday rmwed bv Mr tfoimes, as amended on motioii^L Mr. Cobb, in the following words :—“ RestilmVT'Imt the com mittee on military affairs be discharged from the further consideration of so much of the Presi dent’s message as relates to the trial of Arbuth- fint and Ambrister, and trie conduct of the war with the Seminole Indians : and that the same lie referred to the committee on Foreign Relations, vrith instruction- to enquire whi ther, in said trials, the constitution ond law- of the United States, or the law of nations, have been violated Mr. Poindexter nur eil to postpone the further I action. consideration of the resolution until Monday alleging as a reason for the motion, that the docu- Hii ot- were not in possession of the members, not being yet printed for the use of the bouse ; the publication ..f them in a newspaper was not a proper ground for the house to art on. Were the resolution fora reference merely of the sob- jei t to this nr that committee, as originally pro posed, he should have felt, he said, perfectly in different respecting it Hut, since the amend ment by way of instruction to the committee, an emphasis had been given to the motion, and a bearing by implication, which made it necessary to act on it cautiously, and with a full under standing of the subject. He was not prepared to pronounce an opinion, even by way of specific instruction to a committee, until the documents on which that opinion must he founded were offi cially in his possession. If however, the subject was not postponed, lie should move additional in structions, rendered necessary by the amend ment. Mr. Cubb said, as an inducement to the house not to postpone the consideration of the resolve, that,on examining further into trie subject, he had discovered that the amendment agreed to on his suggestion did not go far enough, ami that fur ther amendment had become necessary. With this view he had prepared some other amend ments, which lie would move if the subject was now taken up. Mr. C. added, that he saw no rea-.on for waiting for documents ; the proposed enqii.n related to subjects referred to in the Pre- side.nt’s message—and it was the usual and com mon course to refer the various subjects of the message to committees, before the documents ac companying it were printed. Mr. Holmes said, that the committee of Fo reign Relations had thought the matter properly within the pale of their duty ; but, having seen that it was specially referred to another commit tee, he had thought it proper to endeavor to ob tain the sense of the house whether the subject ought to be examined by the committee of for eign relations or not. The truth is. said Mr. H. we have had a war without the limits of the U. States, which has been carried on somewhat with in the territories of a nation at peace with us.— The conduct of the commanding general was a subject into which it might be proper for the house to examine; so far as respected his military conduct, that part of the subject belonged to the militarv committee. So as to the Seminole war Whatever regarded that war, with reference to i iijjljtnrf eomluct, and to the relatione of the offi- ntory ol the United Stales. It was yet a ques tion, whether, under the plea or pretext of an ill usion from without tiie lun.ts of the L r . States, our army could he ordered without the limits of the United States To prosecute a war even w ith the Indian tribes, llut. il this power did actu ally exist, it followed, that the Pre-ident of the United States could declare a war without tiie as sent of Congress, unless the conclusion was drawn, that it was not war to send a detachment of our army to carry on operations beyond our own limits, it is either war, said Mr. C. or it is ..ot war. if it is, Congress, under tire constitu tion, alone have authority to make it. If it he not war, said he, and we must give it some other name, let i- be called a man-killing expedition, which the President has a light to direct whenev er lie pleases. It presented a question on which it was lugii time some principle should be estab lished, it no such rule had existed heretofore — Mr. C. acknowledged that at. the last session this question might have been brought forward. That it was not, however, was no reason why the house should now act equally erroneously. It was time to settle the question whether the President could make or carry on war, against any nation, savage or civilized, without the authority of Congress. But another important question was embraced by the resolution on the table, which it was now pro posed to postpone. The President, tie said, had informed tne house that a w ai bail been carried on by our troops on the Spanish territory, in the course of which St. Maiks and Pensacola had been occupied. In the same message in which this lad was announced, the President had told Congress, that tiie commanding general bail been led lo tiie occupation of those post- by facts which came to his knowledge whilst on the theatre of Mr. C. said lie wished to know what been received ; and what is now receivable in payment for said lands. The house resolved itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. If. Nelson in the chair, on the bill, reported at the last session, “ lor the admis sion of cadets into the military academy [di recting that in all applications for the admission of cadets into the military academy at M'est Point, a preference shall he given to the sons ot officers and soldiers who were killed in battle, or who died in the military service of the United .Stales in the late war; and that a further prefer ence shall he given to those least able to educate themselves, and best qualified for the military profession.] Mr. Smith, of Md. moved to amend the bill In- striking out the last clause, “ directing a further preference to be given to those least able to edu cate themselves, ami best qualified for the milita ry profession,” remarking that he saw no reason for the preference, and until he heard something convincing in favor of tiie discrimination, he should remain of opinion that it ought to be strick en from the bill, See. Mr. Strother addressed the committee at con siderable length, in opposition to tiie object of the bill, urging chiefly that it was sanctioning a pre ference of a particular profession, and thus* cre ating privileged order in the community ; that it was virtuall y declaring an unnecessary jealousy of tiie discretion now vested in the war depart* these lacts were; and, inasmuch as this could not hut he a pr ceeding affecting our relations with a foreign power, it appeared to him properly to be long to tiie committee of foreign relation quite into it. Air. U. said he knew tiie reason which tiie newspapers had given for this proceed ing. It was, that Spain, being a neutral power, liad failed to control the Indian hostility to us from within her limits. Hut the subject lor en quiry was, who was responsible for this proceed ing against the Spanish possessions? Who was to answer to the world for it r Was it not the nation at large ? Was it contended that this bur then could at pleasure he shifted from the shoul ders ot the nation to that of an individual ? If not, it became necessary to enquire whether the measure had been authorized bv the constitution and laws of the United States.' Has the Presi dent of the United States, (said Mr. Cobb,) di rected the, Spenish posts to lie taken ? If not, bail any subordinate officer a right to take them ? He was free to say, that the President was right in saying that he had no authority to direct the tak ing or retaining them ; and he was equally free to say, tnat he who did direct it had violated the constitution of the United States. The pretext ol the violation ol her neutrality by Spain, Mr. C. said, was no excuse for the art. If she had violated her neutrality, it was the business of the nation, and not of any particular officer of the army or of the government, who cho se to take it into his hands. These suggestions he threw out, to shew the propriety of tliis subject’s being referred to the committee of foreign relation'.— He had discovered, he said, from the message of the President, that he disclaimed the power of occupying the Spanish posts. But, Mr. C. said, if the doctrine were once tolerated, that, under the cloak, if he might ho express it, of prosecut ing a war against an Indian tribe, a military offi cer may, without the authority of Congress, pro ceed to hostilities against a foreign nadRii, be cause they took part with the Indians, it was es tablished that there was a mode of making war with a foreign nation, without Congress declaring it. \\ ith any man of consideration, it must be a matter of some consequence, that a war could he waged without the consent of the Representa tives of the nation. AVeseeat once, said Mr. C. that that part of the constitution is nugatory, and does not protect the nation from being in volved in war without its consent. The Speaker here interposed. He had hoped, he said,at least alter the gentleman’s concur rence in ojiinion with the chair, that he would nut Wednesday, December IS, Passenger ships.—The hill to regulate pa«pn. ger ships and vessels, came next in order, Mr. I Livermore in the chair. Mr. Newton explained the necessity of this bill, and the nature of in I provisions. The great object of it was, lie said, j to give to those who go ami come in passenger vessels a security of sufficient food and conicni-1 ence. Ill consequence of the anxiety to emi grate from Europe - to this countrj, the enptaini secure of .a freight, were careless of taking tiie necessary quantity of provisions, or of restrict- iug the number of passengers to trie convenience their ships afforded. To show how necessary such a bill as this has become, one or two facts would suffice. In the year 1817. five jiiousand persons had sailed for this couotr, from Antwerp, Vc. of whom one thousand died on the passage.- In one iiictance a captain had sailed from a port on that coast, with 1207 passengers, tin his voyage, he put into the Texel, previous to doing which four hundred had died ; after being on the passage to our shores, before the vessel arrived at Philadelphia, three hundred more had died. The remainder, when the ve-'-el readied Newcastle, were in a very emaciated state, and food, from which many f them afterwards died. Many ntherev ese would suffice to - sliow the absolute necessity of provisions such U Messrs. Harrison and Johnson ofKv. replied- f l,ose ,,f tllis bi,l > The hill restricted the nw to the objections of .Messrs. Smith and'Strother : fc„ o1 Pagers to wo lor every live ton b p s'ating that the bill had been repotted in pur-!, l . " , hi Great II11.1111 ori nuance of a resolution adopted on he motion nfj l,nt °" e " f bcc " : ' i , /" cd « •'very hve tom: d a late distinguished member ol this house (Mr. ’• en „ i Robertson of Lou.) ; that the provisions of tiie 1 bill appeared to he required bv the original pur pose of the institution: that instead of creating m lined unaltered by the events which had ekmJ ed since he before suggested it—he might ?a V I lie added, it had been confirmed, lie ^hml not! thought proper at the last session to introduce this I resolution. He had waited in the hope thatsenu I gentleman better qualified to sustain it should I the motion : in that hope, he had so f.u - waited at I the present session. Nooue having undertake* | " hat lie now conceived his rtv, he moved •< That I the committee on military affairs lie instructed to I enquire into the expediency of reducing the ar my of the United States.” Mr. W.- not w ishing to hurry the motion, it I was, at his request, ordered to lie on the table, meat, implying an opinion that it was not exerci sed proneriv ; and would moreover preclude it k”"" , .. r 1 | .... . I ,1 trom the want of xvatci from selecting the most ht and mc-t worthy; and was preventing the true object of tiie insti- . , . , , , , , tuthm, which was established for the general! benefit, See. aristocracy, it would tend to counteract any such tl.ing, as the object* to he selected were from that class of the community whose pecuniary circum stances repressed any tendency towards undue influence, &c. The question on Mr. Smith's motion was de cided in the negative. Mr. Taylor observed, that, notwithstanding what had been said in defence of this bill, its ef fect was certainly to create a privileged order in the country ; that, though the selection pro posed might be expedient and laudable to a cer tain extent, there was no doubt that the depart ment now vested with the selection would keep in view, as far as was proper, the principle pro posed ; but it would in his opinion be highly im proper for congress by a formal act to sanction such a distinction. In lieu therefore of the pro visions at present proposed by the bill, he mov ed the following, as a substitute: “That Ca dets shall hereafter be admitted into the militarv academy at West Point, from the respective states and territories, and from the District of Columbia in proportion to the militia returns thereof.” Mr. Harrison again protested against the as sertion that this bill fostered a particular order of men : it might as well Iw said that the charitable appropriations for Sunday schools established a privileged order ;—it was no such thing—the bill proposed a benefit to be bestowed chiefly on the poor descendants of those who had served their country, <§‘c. Mr. Taylor replied, that if there were Sunday schools to be paid for out of the public treasury, as this academy was paid for, he should object, as he did now, to its expenditure for a particular class : he should wish, in such a case, the benefit to be general, as he did in this. Mr. Southard combatted the idea trial this hill went to establish any aristocracy : it would have tiie contrary effect, by giving to the poor their portion of the benefits of an institution now con fined chiefly to the rich, who sent their sons there to be educated free of expense, <£c. Mr. Harrison reiterated bis objections to tin amendment, and observed, in addition to what l>. had submitted already, that the design of this bill was really tw get rid, of a practical aristocracy, had been of opinion that t lie scale ofone to every two tons and a half would afford every neersia- rv acronimodalion. With regard (» the other sections of the bill, tliev were generally siiml.tr to those of trie act respecting seamen, by "hick a captain is obliged to take on boairl a certain quantity of water ond bread fur each seaman employed. No objection being made to the bill, it was or- dered to be engrossed for a third leading. SENATE. Friday, December 11. Mr. Tait presented the memorial of trie Ler‘ - laturo of the territory of Alabama, petitionin' 11 permission to form a constitution and state govern ment, and to be admitted into the union on an quid footing with the original states. Orphan's Property for Sale, Hire and Bt*f< O N Friday the first day of January next, will be hired to the highest bidder, near the coin! house in Milledgeville, ten likely Slaves, anion? whom are men, women, boys anil one infant, a* the property of Misses Elizabeth and Obedience Lowe, daughters ami orphans of Obaffiali I-nwe, late of Baldwin county, deceased. Terms-" Notes with approved security, two full and com plete suits of clothes, a blanket for each, treat ment according to the laws of this state, and * return of the property on or before the 1st of Ja nuary, 1820. Also at the same time and pl* 1 ^ the plantation whereon Obatliali Lowe, deceased* formerly lived, adjoining Scott, Bivins am) others, will be offered lor rent, and a quantity n] corn and fodder offered for sale. Terms of rent and sale made known on the day. Abner Lo 'che, ^uarili^ December 20. m A N election Will be hcl»*. at the courthouse" 1 i\ Milledgeville, on \hc first Monday, in uary next, for a member to fill the vacancy in Congress, occasioned by the removal of Jm 16 Forsyth, esip to the Senate of the U. States. Justices of the in ferior court- l'\ancis Jeter, James Fleming•, A Win. Itivins. ‘ J SALT. [UST received from Darien and for sale, -U Doc bushels ground Alum S?a!t. . eC. 14V fsttiK Poierr-