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■ neatness. We must ask you to suspend any conclusion, until we have carried the matter through a calm and delib erate discussion; the whole of the au thorities of the nation are now around tlieir great council fire, with power to do any act they may think proper. The authority of the United States is also present. Any contract, which may be now concluded, will be bind ing on both parties. We propose to purchase of the Cherokee nation, the whole or a part of the territory, now occupied by them, and lying within the chartered limits of the state of Georgia. We do not coniine ourselves to Georgia limits, because we are Georgians, but, be cause the President has appointed us, at the instance of Georgia, and in structed us accordingly. We will give you the reasons why a purchase is pressed, by the General Govern ment, for the use of Georgia. Pre vious to the 24th of April, 1802, Georgia held the right of sovereignty over an immense space of country, extending even out to the Mississippi river. The General Government seeing that the territory was too large, to be contained within the limits of one state, made application to Geor gia for the purchase of a part of it. This was for the purpose of organi zing new states, and having them set-, tied, and populated, for the better de fence of the country in case of war.— Georgia listened to the application of her father, the President, and sold all the land which now lies in the state of Mississippi, and Alabama; this happen ed on the day above stated. At the same tipie, in consideration of this Sale, the United States bound herself, *‘at her own expense, to extinguish, for the use of Georgia, as early as the same could be peaceably obtained on reasonable terms, the Indian title to all lands within the state of Georgia.” The limits of Georgia are known to you, and the amount of territory occu pied by you, within those limits, is al so known to you. For greater certainty, however, concerning those limits, and the obli gations of the United States, to the state of Georgia, we refer you to the articles of agreement and cession, en tered into on the day and year a- foresaid, between James Jackson, A- braham Baldwin, and John Milledge, on the part of the state of Georgia, and James Madison, Albert Gallatin, and Levi Lincoln, on the part of the United States. (See Laws of the United States, vol. 1, page 488.) By these articles you discover the rights of Georgia, and the obligations of the United States. That these rights may be fulfilled, and these ob ligations discharged, is the important object of the present mission. The sovereignty of the country which you occupy, is in the United States alone; no state, or foreign power, can enter into a treaty or compact with you.— These priviliges have passed away, and your intercourse is restricted ex clusively to the United States. In matters of cession, or territory, you are recognized as a contracting party. The United States possessing the sovereignty, and the Cherokee nation being in possession, your consent is ask ed for the extinction of your title to the soil within Georgia lines. We concede that the terms must be ^peaceable,” and “reasonable.”— Our offer to purchase, establishes the first, and the consideration which may be agreed on, we trust, will be satis factory as to the second. Beyond the Mississippi, the United States possesses large "domains of un settled territory, embracing great va riety of soil and climate. A portion of this nation is already there. If those with whom we are now treating are disposed to emigrate, then we of fer territory in exchange, of such ex tent, and accompanied by such other advantages, as may be agreed on.— If this offer is not acceptable, then we submit another, equally “peaceable,” and equally “reasonable.” It is, that you cede to the United States, for the use of Georgia, such part of the ter ritory within her limits as can be ea sily spared. Many reasons might be given, which have induced Georgia to urge her claim for land upon the Gen. Gov. The reasons have appeared satis factory to the Legislature, and Gov ernor of Georgia, and to the President and Congress of the United States.— Some of these reasons grow out of the political connection of the states, and others, out of the crowded settlements of the .people. It is not necessary to detail the first, they are urgent, and must, at some time, have their weight. The last are plain to the view of every one who travels through that part of the President's dominions. His white people are becoming so much crowd ed, that they are driven from friends and connexions to foreign lands. Oth ers are confined to a scanty piece of soil, without timber for fencing or fu el. To prove these statements, we need only refer to the amount of our population, and the repidity of its in crease. In the county in which one of us resides, there are 1800 inhabi tants The state of Geo. in 1810, con tained 252,433 inhabitants. In 1820, 344,773, shewing an increase, in ten years, of 92,340; and yet, the present settlements of Georgia do not very greatly exceed the Cherokee nation, in extent, which contains about 12,000 inhabitants. This difference, is too great evar to be intended py the Great Father of the Universe, who must have given the earth, equally, to be the inheritance of his white and red children. Whether you dispose of all we ask for by exchange, or of a part by sale, still you have enough, and to spare. For each man, woman, and child, of the nation, a large allowance will be left, even enough for thousands yet un born. Surely under this view of the subject, when so much good is to re sult on our side, and so little, in fact no evil, to the other, you will yield to our application. Brothers: Wc have thus made known to you the subject of our mis sion, and some of the reasons in sup port of it. In a matter of so much consequence to the United States, it certainly becomes you to deliberate, to look well to this matter in all its bearings; to do unto us as you would have us do to you, under like circum stances. In such time as will best suit your convenience, we shall ex pect an answer. We believe that we shall receive one which shall comport with the calmness and friendly dispo sition of the Council. It is not to be supposed that an affair which involves so much weight and importance is ea sily to be disposed of. We shall therefore beg leave to reserve to our selves the privilege of reply as often as we may consider it necessary. DUNCAN G. CAMPBELL, JAMES MERIWETHER, United States Commissioners. The following is an answer from the Cherokee Council. Newtown, 20tft October, 1823. IN GENERAL COUNCIL. Friends and Brothers: The ve ry friendly manner in which you have expressed yourselves towards the members of Council, and those of them with whom you have contracted individual friendships, and the liberal view which you have taken of the progress of improvement in the arts of civilized life, and the regular and be coming manner in which the affairs of the nation are conducted, are respect fully flattering; and we return you our grateful acknowledgements for the compliment. The many favors which have been bestowed on us by the fos tering hands of our father the Presi dent, are always fresh in our recol lection, and we are ever ready to ac knowledge our gratitude. The co-op eration of the red man and the white man, in subduing the common enemy, during the late war, and the blood which have been lost on that occasion at Tallasehatchie, Talledega, Hilla- becs, Enotichopea, Emucsaws, and Tehophah, (Horse Shoe) we conceive to be no more than what might have been expected from our hands as chil dren and true friends to our father the President. Those acts we performed are a demonstrative proof of the sin cerity of our affections and fidelity, and shew the firm hold by which the hand of our father is grasped, more forcibly than volumes of prom ises. Brothers: We have fully delibera ted your communication. The appli cation which you have made, under the authority of your mission from the President of the United States, for the extinguishment of the Cherokee title to the whole or a part of the lands now occupied by them; and lying within the chartered limits of Georgia, ei ther by exchange for lands west of the Mississippi river, or by purchase —we have to state, that the unfortu nate part of our nation, who have em igrated to the west, have suffered se verely since the separation from this nation and settlement in their new country. Sickness, wars, and other fatality, have visited them, and lessen ed their numbers, end many of them no dout land of ticab|e dergoin Would willingly return to the heir nativity, if it was prac- or them to do so, without un various difficulties, which would a most be insurmountable in so fatiguing and so long a journey, by men, w men, and children, without friends and without money to per form. Vhen we call to recollection the perud which separated our coun trymen acquaintances, friends, and relative, from us, and look to the cir- cumsta^ses ,and means which caused our separation, we are grieved; the tears flo\Y in our eyes, and we weep.; Had it been the desire of the remain ing part of tbi i nation to have left this country, thej would have embraced the opportuniy, and emigrated with their fellow c untrymen; but this was not their desii:. They loved the soil which gave th m birth, and they have continued ther on. The limits of this nation are sm;ll, and embrace moun tains, hills, an poor lands, which can never be settled. The Cherokees once possess el an extensive country, and have maoe cession after cession to our father scribed; and gcr desire of he President, to gratify the wishes ofkur neighboring brethren, until our limts have become circum- t appears, from the ea- our brethren to obtain our land, that it would be unreasona ble for us to presume that a small ces sion, at any time, would ever satisfy them. . Brothers: ^Tlie, improving situation of this natifn is visible, and has been acknowledjed, and it would be re proachful tad degrading to our char acter did ve not look to its interest, prosperity, and future happiness.— You give us one reason why a ces sion is urgejl: that is, “from crowded settlement! of the people of Geor gia.” W<j presume that, if Georgia were in possesion of the whole extent of her chartered limits, it would not remedy the inconvenience com plained of. Brothers: From the comparative view which you have taken of the population of Georgia, & the Cherokee nation, you say “that the difference is too great 1 ever to have been intended by the Great Father of the Universe, who must have given the Earth equal ly as the inheritance of his white and red children” We do not know the intention of the Supreme Father in this particular, but it is evident that this principle has never been observed or respected by nations or by individuals. If your assertion be a correct idea of His intention, why do the laws of civil ized & enlightened nations allow a man to monopolize more land than he can cultivate, to the exclusion of others? Brothers: We cannot accede to your application for a cession. It is the fixed and' unalterable determina tion of this nation, never again to cede one foot of land. We will make known to you, as coming from our father the Pres ident, that the boundary line from the Unicoy Turnpike, on the Blue Ridge, to the source of the Ches- tateo, has not been run by the United States’ Surveyor, agreeably to the stipulation or intention of the treaty of 1819; but it has been run so as to in clude a larger tract of land than ad mitted by said treaty, to the great in convenience and injury of this nation, particularly to those of our citizens who lived in that quarter, and have been compelled to, remove. As this fact has been reported to the Presid ent vve trust that he has given you some instructions relative to the in vestigation of the subject. With the brightness of the sun, we renew our assurances of respect and brotherly friendship, his PATH* KILLER, Principal Chief, mark, his MAJOR X RIDGE, Sp’kr. ofCoun. mark. JNO. ROSS, Pres’t. N. Com. A. M'COY, Clerk N. Com. ELIJAH HICKS, Clerk N. Council. NEW ECHOTA: WEDNESDAY, JUNE IS. 1828. We discover that the statistical table of Coosewaytee district, inserted in our first page, is incorrect, but we have not the means of correcting it. TO correspondents. We have been somewhat mortified to no tice, that we have already brought upon ourselves the displeasure of some of our correspondents; whether deservedly or not, we do not undertake to say. The editor of this paper has acknowledged to the public his ignorance of many things, particularly of the rules which regulate other .editors, and their correspondents, and it cannot oth erwise be expected of him, as he undertook the management of this paper with no kind of experience, nor has he had an opportu nity of consulting those who have. If therefore he has erred in commenting upon the communications of some of his corres pondents, which appears to be the osten sible ground of the complaints, sufficient allowance is not made for him. But has he erred? We have noticed other editors adding remarks to the communications of their correspondents—we considered it lawful so to do, and accordingly followed the example whenever the interest of our paper and the people in whose cause we have embarked, required. It is our sin cere desire to do what is right, yet we will by no means guaranty ouifcorrectness, and we hope our correspondents will exe-cise the same feelings. These remarks are occasioned by a letter which now lies before us, sent to us by mail, [postage not paid] of which the fol- 4 lowing is an extract. “I wish you to in form me if, by your opposition to some sen timents in my communication, and false and strange apprehensions of other parts* you mean to avail yourself of advantages as Editor, ungenerous; or do you design to grant me equal privileges with yourself, as an opponent.” It may be proper to inform this Gentleman, that we do not court con troversy with any man, and that he might have saved himself from sending such que ries. One word more. According to the terms of our paper, we expect all commu nications post paid, excepting letters on business where the interest of the paper is concerned, and we hope all those who think best to send us a line, will be “gene rous” enough to comply with this very rea sonable demand. TO READERS. Some of our subscribers have complained that they do not receive their papers regu larly. The cause of this irregularity; we gave in one of our former numbers. Since then the mails have been so arranged by the politeness of the Po9t Master General, that our papers, we hope, will teach our subscribers without any delay. Another complaint has also reached us, and that is, our papers are r.ot done up in a substantial manner. There we acknow ledge the complaint is reasonable, but the fault is not designed, but altogether from necessity. Our readers probably know that we live in a wilderness; and of course cannot obtain paper without considerable expense. As soon as may be, we intend to supply ourselves with good wrapping pa per. Dh nwjp SSrfBa J)4<xy TcSRT TIG* d/ia o’Zajwo-a, (presct ©p (pyihse Qhz o’eirua. eoeyz e<s)«v’ o>h- E©CTA IceUAPBU 11 B«rfBa. P*yh CPA- AGTA' (yBO-tAsV* ©0®y (Ph RRE89S. R#- A<xyu O’hTcr mi ©<»y. Drf Tt.PIiEJlP«»a O’hToCaA ©o®y. 0>P- pp<»-ioeyh e*v* R*Arfi<<»# o»hTcr mi ©- oty. 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Eobyh DB-V AVR/l- toha *y, Aoiy d»4a a©Rva M^a a- ©zyo?a Ea EGsOPoiiyRA R®aop. etv* AobAoCXA&E, ©CSJ1R DR©0* airCRAa*, RSI CPh SR^©cSiPA.Ar <PRV>PAT<»aA SRWh- 4Poia, B©AE Drf (PR/IJRir* D/IAAj Bdea «ayiwaA?d®a, epepv^z cpRhTcr b©jie, e«>y AiT>*p(AaAop o»rp Drf wnAfts* <po* PGulTRa. et»y«V* MRvbA ©C5hASW/lrfd®a, T#PT, Drf Tyvy Taotvy. ©p (pyRh»e t i rj.-: I GR JQcbJO. cpyp-q, RdSS SZSj (VrfhP, R8®, AVS&y, VhVSBP, CPhPTG, LOG, AAAiGRZ, TP(V. » I cpe^Aa. INTEMPERANCE. We are gratified to notice that the per nicious effects of intemperance are begin ning toopen the eyes of some of onr citi zens, as will be seen in the following letter,' which we translate from the original in-' serted above. We cannot but entertain the hope that the example of these men; in expressing, so decidedly, their disapproba tion of the prevailing vice of the country^ will be universally followed, by the aged, the influential, and the patriotic of this Na tion, until the progress of this great evil- shall be arrested. Etowa, [Hightower,3 June 4, 1828. To the newly appointed chiefs, William •Hicks and John Ross. A few days since we held court at Etowa. The penalty of the law wad executed upon some of our young men, who had transgressed it. But you ..have not been deaf respecting it, for you have heard of it. We know what the laws require. But they are not obeyed here: For whenever our young men are assembled together, whiskey it not wanting. The princi*