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E Bit cause of this is, that the women, iey by whom we are nurtured, treat i thus. Whenever the time of my* isembling in Council arrives, whiskey uniformly assembled by the women, id there the young men drink. Then hen they have consumed their little roperty, they begin to think by what leans they shall replace it; and those leans they find in stealing horses.— cordingly they Steal, and are con- ted, and thus punished. Also when ey have been dancing all night, in e morning they commence fighting, ometiraes they nearly kill each oth- I see them covered with- blood, hiskey is the cause of these doings our young men towards each other, cannot give them up. For I re ember that you said last Summer, f any one thinks, ‘This is the source my trouble,’ laws can be enacted specting it.”] Now these are my 'ft*. As it respects dancing after fiddle, letevery person, in whose se the dancing is, be fined the sum five dollars. I am however told, the people of Cedar-creek, that s cannot be done. Nevertheless I k your decision. Let the word come m you. But, let your answer be mt to me iiv a letter. I wish to hear eedily. Whenever your letter ar es, I shall assemble sdl the young n. ALEX. GARVICK, JOHN BEAMER, WA-LA-NE-TUH, SI-KA-WEE, CHAS. MOORE, OLD FIELD, —- LEE TAH-NU-WY, TE-NA-QUOO-LAW-SUH. My assembling. The singular for the ural. The same idiom will be observed other sentences. Ed. The following is the answer of the prin pal Chiefs to the preceding letter. Fork, Cherokee Nation, June 10, 1828. Friends :—We have received your tter, and we are sorry to hear, that me of the young people of your Own were eonvicted before the late ourt in your district, for stealing, and n punished according to law; and at the commission of this abominable rime is attributed to intemperance rought upon them by certain women ■afficking whiskey to them on all pub- c occasions. It is sincerely to be oped that this practice will not be ontinued.—If those women who en- age in this business would seriously effect upon the evil and disgrace hich they are instrumental in bring- ng upon the young men, and if they ossess any of the natural affections ivhich mothers feel towards their off- pring, they cannot but drop a tear of mpatliy, and abandon the practice of ealing in whiskey. For your better information, we will 11 you that there is a law in exis- nce, passed nearly six years ago, hicn prohibits any person or per- ions from bringing ardent spirits with- three miles of the General Council ouse, or to any of the court houses ithin the several districts, during the eneral Council or the sitting of the ourts, under the penalty of forfeit- ng the whiskey, (which is to be de- troyed) for disposing of the same so r as to intoxicate any person whatsoev er? Arid about four years ago there was an amendment made to the above law, which we will also tell you. It prohibits all persons whatsoever, from disposing of in any manner ardent spir ts at ball plays, all night dances and other public gatherings, under the pen- alty of having all thtir spirits roasted; d it is made the special duty of the Marshals, sheriffs, dtputy sheriffs and constables to take cognizance of such ffences and to execute this law; and ny of these officers failing or neglect- ng to take cognizance of any violation of this law, after being put in full pos session of the fact of such violation, the officers upon conviction, before any of the courts, are liable to pay a fine to be imposed at the discretion cf the court, one half for the benefit ,of the informer and the other half for the benefit of the National Treasury, and the officer subjected to be removed from office by the National Council. From these laws you will see that if they are strictly observed and enforc ed, the evil complained of, would in a great degree be diminished. As we believe you have a cdpy of the public laws in your town, we do not think it necessary to quote any more passages from them, hut we will earnestly recommend to you, orfall proper Occa sions, to have the laws read in public, for the information of the people> and at the same time advise and admonish them to refrain from all evil practices. By this course you may succeed in re claiming some of the evil disposed young People. As a good example set on the part of the aged, cannot fail to command respect, we hope that they will distinguish themselves by a circumspect deportment. Should it be thought" necessary and expedient that some amendments, or new laws should be made for the better regula tion of the Nation, on any particular subject, the new members who will be elected to the next General Conncil, ought to be instructed on the subject; and if you were to submit a memorial before the General Council, it would claim the particular attention of your immediate representatives, and if the majority of the members of the Gene ral Council approves the recommen dation, a law would be passed to em brace the object. You will discover from this that, the General Council a- lone possess the sole power of making pub lic laws. Consequently we have no power to impose a fine of five dollars on those who indulge in dancing after the fiddle, agreeably to your sugges-; tion. Before we close this letter, we will again entreat you earnestly to ad monish the young people of your town from engaging in all evil associations, and especially to shun the company of white men who are known for their bad characters in the adjoining states, as such men may lead them in the path to trouble, shame and disgrace, through the craftiness of their wicked designs. We are respectfully, your friends and fellow countrymen. WILLIAM HICKS, JOHN ROSS. To Messrs. Alex. Garvick, John Beamer, Wal-eh-netaii, Ce-kah- we, Te-sah-ta-skee, Claw-keh- se-kah-yeii-lee, Oo-ne-quo-noo, Tah-noo-wee, and Tvh,na-quoo- LAW-SEH Etowa Town, Cherokee Nation. f RR' ASTRONOMY. Fixed Stars.—Astronomers suppose that the fixed stars are to other sys tems of planets what our sun is to this; that each has revolving around it plan ets similar to those in our system; and that many of these planets again have moons revolving around them, which perform the same duties towards their primary planets, which moons, or se condary planets, discharge in our sys tem. Constellations.—The fixed stars may be distinguished from the planets by their emitting a twinkling, tremu lous light. For the convenience of re ference, the stars are divided into groups called Constellations; those con stellations have little resemblance to the figure of the animal, &c. after which they are named. Large stars have generally proper names of their own as Sirius, &c. others are only named’by joining one of the letters of the Greek alphabet to the name of the constellation; for example, Gam ma Draconis or Gamma of the Dragon. Number of Fixed Stars.—Of the fix ed stars there are about 2000 visible* to the naked eye, on a fine night; but the number which may be seen by means of a very powerful telescope is almost incredible, and certainly incal culable. Dr'. Herschel, in a quarter of an hour, saw 116,000 stars pass through a telescope, which only cov ered a round spot equal in diameter to 1-360th part of the whole distance from the horizon to the zenith.—Ev- ery improvement in telescopes has ren dered visible stars not seen before: and therefore we may conclude, that the whole of the creation is not acces sible to human sight. Velocity of Sight.—The fixed stars are at an immeasurable distance from us; we will take an instance from the small stars just visible in Dr. Her- schel’s forty-foot telescope, and en deavour to give an idea of their dis tance, as follows:——The earth moves round the sun with a velocity of 100,- 320 feet per second, i. e. fifty times faster than a cannon ball, as the great' est velocity of a cannon bull is only 2000 feet per second. But the velocity of light is about 10,400 times greater than that of this earth, it travels, in eight tninutes, a space that the earth would take near two months to trav el; yet Dr. Herschel supposed that light had talceri two millions of years to come to the earth from the small stars above mentioned. Telescopes.—Telescopes for astro nomical purposes magnify 1000 times, or upward; i. e. objects appear so much nearer than when seen by the nakeff eye; sueh a telescope would exhibit the moon as seen by a person only 240 miles distant from her. The object-glass of the telescope forms an image of the moon,, and then the eye glass magnifies that image, as a com mon microscope magnifies the image of a fly, or any other object submitted to its powers. Galileo was the first astronomer who used the telescope: his telescope magnified about thirty times; but being the first reaper in the rich field of astronomical science, his toil was amply rewarded, and he made with this small instrument several most important discoveiies; in about a year, amongst other things, he dis covered the satellites Of Jupiter, and the nebula in Orion, andobserved that the planet Venus exhibited appear ances similar to our mom. Mint.—The coinage cf the United States mint last year, was $3,022,- 675 32 cents, viz. 131,51500 of gold, 2,869,200 of silver, and ^1,910 32 of copper. The total amount coined since the establishment of the mint, is 30,525,13828, of which probably not ten millions remain in the country, the residue having been forced abroad, by the substitution of bank paper as a circulating medium. The net amount chargeable to the mint, since its establishment; includ ing the cost of lands building and ma chinery, is only $523, 470 4‘J. Camden, May 10. North Carolina Bank.—Tlie crisis of this institution seems to be ap proaching. Under a conviction, that general inconvenience would be expe rienced, we called (on the 26th Jan uary) the attention of our readers to the subject. We w r ere especially led so to do, from a report in a Fayette ville paper of the 27th Dec, 1827, that “the mother Bank at Ralegh had sent an agent to cheraw to purchase Cotton to a large extent and at high prices.” The report seems to have been correct. It is now said that large quantities of Cotton, as much as 500 bales at a time, have been sent to Charleston to be sold on account of the State of North Carolina—the ob ject, the redemption of bank paper.— In Charleston it is now from 8 to 10 per cent discount. The reaction be gins to be felt in North Carolina. The people of Granville have unan imously declared that the Charters have been violated—that the evils have arisen to such a height as to re quire an independent Legislature— that county meetings be first called, and finally a General Assembly a Ra leigh or some central place, to relieve the State from what will prove to be a most intolerable burthen.—Jour. a£ having bad no hand in producing this appearance on the sod, are, that they would have been required to be near ly as numerous as the whole popula tion of Indiana, on One tract between' the Grand and Elksheart rivers; that the French did not spread over the interior where these remains are ob served; and that the period is too remote. Thus, as Our extensive wes tern regions become better known and more thoroughly investigated by in telligent men, we arc supplied with more and more facts to excite our curiosity on the original population of the country. An Indian tradition re lating to these appearances, attributes them to a ^ople who were driven far away toThe west, by three com bined nations. A portion of this article is taken up with comments on specimens given by Mr. Heckewelder, of words belonging to the Delaware language. It is cer tainly of importance, as the reviewer thinks, that errors should not be per mitted to go uncorrected even in le- lationto a subject of so little general interest as this; but in his zeal for setting right that venerable missiona ry, the writer has repeated a blunder which we noticed in one of his previ ous papers in the ‘North American:’ he did not reflect that Mr. Jleckc- welder spelt the Indian words with the German alphabet. Now although there appear to be repeated instan ces in which he was mistaken, yet there arc many in which his words if pronounced by his countrymen would have precisely the same sound with the supposed corrections made by the reviewer. The communications from this source are always valuable; but the writer should not have com mitted so inexcusable a fault twice. He knows a great deal more of the Indian than of the German language. Strictures, somewhat severe, and we have no doubt well merited, are made in this article on some of the most popular Indian characters intro duced by Mr. Cooper into his novels. He makes them talk, says the review, like neither red men or any other people.—N. Y. Advertiser. The North American Review for A- pfil.—There arc several articles in this number which contain matter of general interest. A long one is de voted to the Indians; and we are glad to find, as we conceive, traces of the same able pen, which has heretofore written on the same subject. The travels of Mr. Schoolcraft in ths Mis sissippi Valley, published in 1825, and Mr. Heckewelder’s book, are made the ground work of this article. We find here one fact of no small interest, which we had not before seen; that there are traces existing in Michigan, which prove that the soil, at some long past period, was ex tensively cultivated by '’some people greatly advanced in civilization.— The Principal of the Missionary sta tion on the, river St. Joseph of Lake Michigan, has furnished a map of that region, and drawn up an account des cribing it. He says that there are ancient works there differing essen tially from any heretofore discovered in America; and that the soil, in some places for acres together, exhibits regular ridges which must have been thrown up for tillage, and old allies and beds arranged in a style of the greatest neatness and elegance. The surface has preserved this form for centuries, in consequence of being in many places covered with turf. In neighbouring or intervening tracts it appears to have lost such traces, where there is no herbage. The writer of the account says that he has cut down a white oak tree in the midst of such remains, which was three hundred and twenty five years old, ac cording to the usual rule of estimating the age of trees; and that the stand ing and fallen timber in such situa tions presents the same aspect as in othef parts of the forest. The rea sons why the French are considered SIR MATTHEW HALE’S RE MARKS ON THE SABBATH. “I will acquaint you”—said this eminent Jurist and Judge in a produc tion of his preserved in his works— “I will acquaint you with a truth that above forty years experience and strict observation of myself has as suredly taught ine. I have been near fifty years a man as much conversant in business and that of moment and importance, as most men; and I will assure you, I was never under any in clination to fanaticism, enthusiasm or superstition. “In all this time, I have most indus triously observed, in myself aud my concerns, these three things: 1. when ever I have undertaken any secular business on the Lord’s day (which was not absolutely and indispensably neces sary,) that business never succeeded well with me. Nay, if I had set myself that day but to forecast or design any temporal business, to be done or performed af terwards, though such forecast were just and honest in themselves, and had as fair a prospect as could be expect ed, yet I have been always disappoint ed in the effecting of it, or in the suc cess of it. So that it grew almost proverbial with me, when any impor tuned me to any secular business that day, to.ansiver them, that if they ex pected to succeed amiss, then they might desire an undertaking of it upon that day. And this was so certain an observation of me, that I feared to think of any secular business that day, because the resolution 'then taken would be disappointed or unsuccess ful. “That always, the more closely 1 applied myself, to the duties of the Lord’s day, the more happy and suc cessful were my business and employ ment of the week following. So that 1 could, from the loose or strict ob servance of that day, take a just pros pect and a true calculation of my tem poral success in the ensuing week. “Though my hands and mind have been as full of secular business both before and since I was a Judge, as it may be any man’s in England, yet I never wanted time in six days to ri pen and fit myself for the busiuess and employments 1 had to do, though I bor rowed not one minute from the Lord’s day to prepare for it, by study or oth erwise. But on the other hand, if I had at any time borrowed from this day any time fpr my secular employ ments, ! found that it did further ffi# less than if I had let it alone; an«U therefore, when some year’s experi ence, upon a most attentive and vigil ant observation, had given me this in-' struction, I grew peremtorily resolved never in this way to make a breach up on the Lord’s day, which I have now strictly observed for above thirty years. This relation is most certain' ly and experimentally true, and ha* heen declared by me to hundreds of persons, as I now declare it to you.” The celebrated Edmund Burke was one of the members appointed by the House of Commons to enforce the charges of crime against Mr. Warren Hastings, and one day, when he had been pouring out all his splendid tal ents ilia rich display of oratory against the accused, he addressed the splen did assembly of peers, ladies, and gentlemen, before him, in the follow ing terms:—“When I look round this glorious circle, bright with all that is high in rank, all that is powerful in talent, all that is amiable in virtue, ail that is brilliant in beauty, and then turn my eyes to the criminal at the bar, my mind is convulsed with horror, and 1 sicken at the sight.” The ora tor then placed'his hands on the table before him, and dropped his head into them, as if overwhelmed by the dread ful contemplation. On coming out of Westminster hall, after this splendid oration, Burke could not find his car* riage, and Lord Yarborough’s having just drawn up, the Peer offered to take him home. The ebullition of Burke’s mind had not subsided, and on the way, without considering the in-' delicacy of appealing to one who was ultimately to pronounce judgement in the case, he proceeded to re-urge the arguments of his speech on his noble auditor, concluding with the eager in quiry, “Do you not think this man a great criminal?” Lord Yarborough, whose correctness of intellect was- known to all who had the opportunity of knowing him, immediately answer ed—“Burke, all I can say at present is, that either you or Hastings deserves to be hanged; but I cannot now tell which of the two.”—Verulom. The following are Candidates for the General Council ofthe Cherokee Nation to ■represent the District of Coosewatee. For the Committee. WALTER ADAIR, JOHN RIDGE. For the Council. MAJOR RIDGE. TE-SA-DASKI, JAMES FOSTER, JOHN FIELDS, Jr. . WATIE. The following are Candidates for the en- suing Legislature of the Cherokee Nation, to represent the District of Chattooga. For the Committee. RICHARD FIELDS, THOMAS WILSON, DANIEL GRIFFIN, Jr. LITTLE TURTLE, EDWARD GUNTER, ANDREW ROSS. For. the Council. BARK, AHCHILLA SMITH, HEAD THROWER, JOHN RATCLIFF, . Laugh at mush, ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, SAH-KE-AH, SCRAPER. The following are Candidates for tlie en suing General Council of the Cherokeit Nation, to represent the District of Cbick- amauga. Fon the Committee. DANIEL McCOY, RICHARD TAYLOR, JOHN F. BALDRIDGE. For the Council. NATHAN HICKS, CHARLES REECE, CU N-N E-QUOH-YO-G E, SLEEPING RABBIT, THOMAS MANON, TSU-NU-GE. The following are Candidates for the Ge*" neral Council of the Cherokee Nation to re present the District of Ahmoe. THOMAS FOREMAN, GEO. FIELDS, JOHN MILLER, YOUNG WOLF, JOHN WATTS, CRAWLING SNAKE, DE-SQUAH-NE, DEER IN THE WATER. 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