Newspaper Page Text
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yearly, it should be so stated? In
stead of their being marked, Jits, droxen-
ed, suicide, murder, dropsy, apoplexy,
or sudden death," let them be official
ly announced in glaring capitals, rum!
deaths from rum!/ This would o-
pen many eyes and might contribute
to the most desirable object which can
interest the friends of humanity. If
the fact were known, and when known,
distinctly stated by our city authori
ties, that out of forty deaths among
our adult population, in one week,
thirty of them were occasioned, mani
festly, by rum! surely it would cause
the sot to tremble over his glass, and
abandon his fatal habits.
To my medical brethren, I would
respectfully proffer this faternal coun
sel; let us no longer make drunkards,
by prescribing spirituous tinctures or
medicated wines; let none of us car
ry the use of the lancet to such ex
cess, as to render the subsequent use
of ardent spirits either convenient or
indispensable: let us no longer conceal
from our patients, their vicious agen
cy in producing their diseases, from a
timorus prudence, or from the fear of
incurring their displeasure. But,
when they wonder at their ill health,
let them not “perish for lack of knowl
edge,” but let us reply to their inqui
ries into the cause of their maladies,
Rum/ sir—rum madam; and when
they urge their former habitual use of
it, as a plea for their continuance in
their iniquity, let us hold up the ter
rors of death, and present them with
a view of the judgment to come and
the yawning gulf, an interminable hell,
as the fearful alternative, that haply
we may save one soul from irretriev
able despair.
From the New York Observer.
THE COST OF INTEMPERANCE.
The following article was prepared
by one of the Editors of this paper for
the Christian Almanac of 1829.
1. The quantity of ardent spirits
Consumed in the United States, in the
year 1810, according to Mr. Pitkin,
was 31,725,417 gallons, or about four
and a half gallons for every person.—
At the same rate, the quantity con
sumed at the present time, is 56,000,-
000 gallons, which at fifty cents the
gallon, is 28,000,000 dollars.
2. The cost of the liquor is but a
small part of the cost of intemperance,
“time,” as Dr. Franklin says, “is mo
ney;” and who can doubt that the time
which is spent by the intemperate over
their cups, and in recovering from the
stupor of intoxication, is worth many
times more than the trifle which they
pay for their dram. When it is re
membered, that whiskey sufficient to
prostrate an ordinary drunkard for six
hours, can be purchased for six cents,
it will not be thought extravagant,' if
we estimate the time killed by 56,-
000,000 gallons of spirit at as many
millions of dollars. If we suppose
that only one-half of the quantity is
consumed by drunkards, and that one
pint of spirit destroys only six hours
of the drunkard’s time, the value of
the time destroyed, reckoning it only
at four cents an hour, would be 53,-
760.000 dollars.
3. It is inferted from the result of
inquiries extensively made in our prin
cipal towns, that three fourths of all the
paupamm in our land is the consequence
of intemperance.
The Executive Committee of the A-
merican Temperance Society, after
giving from official documents the
number and cost of paupers in the ci
ties of Baltimore and Philadelphia,
and the States of Massachusetts and
New-York, estimate the whole num
ber of paupers in the United States at
200,000, and the cost of their support
at 10,000,000 dollars. Of this sum,
7.500.000 must be set down to the
score of intemperance.
4. The Directors of the American
Temperance Society estimate, and no
one will doubt that three fourths of all
the crime in the country is the result oj
intemperance.
The number of persons committed
to the City Prison and Bridgewell in
New York, for various crimes and
misdemeanors, from the 1st of Janua
ry, 1822to the 20th of November
1826, was 11,535, equal to nearly
2400 annually, or about one every six
ty-three of the population. In Phila
delphia, the number of persons in the
Mayors Court, arrested for various
offences, between 1813 and 1823, was
on an average 1653 annually, or one in
sixty-four of the population. A wri
ter in the North American Review,
cornouies the number of persons ip
Bostofh who live by vice and crime,
at 2,000, which is equal to one in thir
ty of the population. From these
facts, we think it safe to infer that,
in the whole United States, at least
60.000 persons, (which is only one in
two hundred of the population,? are
either tenants of our prisons, or live
by vice and crime. The expense of
watching the movements of this army
of criminals, of seizing and trying
them, of maintaining them in prison;
and the losses which the community
sustain by their thefts, burglaries, ar
sons, frauds, murders, &c. are un
known, but must be immense; and
three fourths of the whole must be set
down to the account of intemperance.
5. The relatives of intemperate persons
suffer misery and shame on their account.
The number of drunkards in the
United States, i. e. of those who are
frequently intemperate, and either
habitually or occasionally drunk, has
been variously estimated from 500,-
000 down to 300,000. It seems to be
enerally admitted, that the habitual
runkards are at least one in every
hundred of the population, or 120,000
in all. If we take into view only the
habitual drunkards, and consider that
each of them on an average has eght
relatives as near as father, mother,
wife, child, sister, or brother, we
shall perceive that intemperance
dooms nearly One Million persons to
the disgrace and suffering necessarily
connected with a relationship so in
timate.
6. OJ all Persons who die in the Uni
ted States after they arrive at adult age,
one out of three is probably intemperate.
In New-Haven, Conn, the number
of persons over 20 years of age, who
died in 1826, was 94; and, of this num
ber, more than one-third, according
to a published statement of the Med
ical Association of that city, were in
temperate; 4 and, “on referring furth
er back,” they say, “we find a similar
proportion for the two years preced
ing.” If this proportion is found in
New-Haven, a city certainly as highly
distinguished for morality as any in the
United States, we have no reason to
believe that it is less in the country
at large. The whole number of per
sons in the United States, at the pres
ent. time, of adult age, is aboqt 6,000,-
000; of this number, if nothing is done
to check the progress of intemperance,
2,000,000 will probably die intempe
rate.
7. The number of persons in the Uni
ted Slates ivlio die by excessive drinking
every year, is at least thirty thousand.
In Portsmouth, N. H. which had at
the last census 7,327 inhabitants, 21
persons, or three for every thousand,
died by excess in drinking, according
to the hill of mortality of 1826. At
this rate, the number in the whole
United States would be 36,000 per
annum. A distinguished physician of
Philadelphia, after commenting upon
the bill of mortality of that city for
the year 1826, estimates the number
of deaths by intemperance at 335,
which is nearly three in every thousand
of the' population.f The estimate of
thirty thousand lives anually destroy
ed in the whole country by intemper
ance, he fears, if the truth were ful
ly known, would be found too small.
In New-Haven, Conn, which had at
the last census 8,327 inhabitants, the
number of persons whose deaths were
caused or hastened, directly or indi
rectly, by intemperance in 1826, ac
cording to the statement of the Medi
cal Association, was, as we have al
ready intimated, at least 32, or four
for every thousand. At this rate, the
number in the whole United States
would be forty-eight thousand per an
num! and this statement, let it be re
membered, is founded on the private
record of the physicians, and is there
fore worthy of entire confidence, and
might with more propriety be adopt
ed as the basis of calculation for the
whole country than any statements or
estimates derived from bills of mor
tality.
8. By the premature death of these
thirty thousand persons, the country loses
the profits of their labor, for the period
which would have been added to their
lives in case they had remained temperate.
If we suppose this period to be on
an average ten years, we cannot esti
mate these profits at less than 30,00g,-
000 dollars; for, let it be remember
ed, with a trifling exception, the whole
30.000 would be in the prime of life,
there being few deaths by intemper
ance among those who are under twen
ty or over sixty years of age. We
are certainly within bounds when we
say, that a temperate person, in the
prime of life, earns on an average,
every year, one hundred dollars more
than is necessary for his individual
support. How else, indeed, could
men support their families?—and yet,
at this low rate, each of these 30,000
persons, if he had been temperate,
and had lived ten years longer, would,
besides supporting himself, nave earn
ed one thousand dollars, which would
have been expended in increasing the
comforts of his children or others de
pendent upon him. By intemperance,
all this (amounting for the 30,000, to
30,000,000 dollars) is lost.
9. In addition to the losses above
enumerated, there ar.e many others,
which, although amounting to an im
mense sum in the aggregate, do not ad
mit of estimate; such are the loss of
vessels and cargoes by the intemperance
of seamen', the loss of life and property by
fires, accidents, and casualties of various
kinds, originating in the carelessness of
the intemperate; the mischiefs arising
from the mispianagement of business by
intemperate agents, &c. &c. &c.
For the pvrpose of exhibiting more
clearly the ^ost of intemperance, we
subjoin a billjin which the above items
are introduced in their order.
The people of \he United Stales to In
temperance, Dr.
1. To 56,000000 gallons of
spirit at fifty cents per gallon $28,000,000
_ 2. 1,344,000,000 hours of
time wasted by drunkards, at
four cents per hour 53,760,003
3. To the support of 150,000
paupers 7,500,000
4. To losses by depravity of
45.000 criminals unknown, but immense.
5. To the disgrace and mis-
eryof 1,000,000 persons, (rela
tives of drunkards,) incalculable.
6&7. To the ruin of at least
30.000 and probably 48,000
sous annually infinite! unspeakable!
& To loss by the premature
deith of 30,000 persons in the
prime of life 30,000,000
f. To losses from the care-
lesness and mismanagement .
ofintemperate seamen, agents,
&.t. &.c. unknown, but very great.
Certain pecuniary loss (in
roind numbers) 120,000,000
I’o which add 4th, 5th, 6th,
7th and 9th items,
TOTAL
Thus it appears that, independently
of items which cannot be estimated,
our country pays or losses at the rate
of one hundred and twenty millions of
dollars per annum, by Intemperance!—
This sum is five times as large as the
revenue of the United States’ govern-
•ment; it w;ould pay off our national
debt in six months; it would build
twelve such canals as the Grand Erie
and Hudson canal, evei'y year; it lvould-
’support a navy four times as large as
that of Great Britain; it is sixty times
as much as the aggregate income of all
the principal religious charitable So
cieties in»Europe and America; it
would supply every family on the
earth with a Bible in eight months;
it would support a missionary or teach
er among every two thousand souls on
the globe! How prosperous might
this country be,—wlrat blessings might
it confer upon the world, if it were
only relieved from the curse of Intem
perance!
* J. e.in the language of the statement,
their deaths “were caused or hastened, di
rectly or indirectly, by intemperance.”
f It is evident from remarks of this phy-*
sician,that bills of mortality afford a very
imperfect account of the number of deaths
by intemperance. In many instances, he
says, to avoid wounding the feelings of sur
viving relatives, the death of a drunkard is
reported under the head of inflammation of
the brain, insanity, 8tc. and he thinks that
one-half of the adults reported under the
heads 1 “Apoplexy, Casualties, Dropsy,
Drowned, Found Dead, Palsy, and Sud
den,” are justly referable to ardent spirits.
Ardent Spirits overboard.—Captain
Harding, of the ship Franklin, lately
lost on her passage from Liverpool to
Portsmouth, N. H. in a postscript to
a letter giving an account of his ship
wreck, says, “1 would remark, for the
benefit of any one who may have the
misfortune to suffer shipwreck, that
as, soon as I discovered the ship would
be lost, I ordered all the ardent spirits,
on board the ship to be thrown over
board—the consequence was that the
men were orderly and obedient
throughout the whole of that distress
ing scene, to vvhich I attribute, uuder
Providence, our preservation.”—
JV. Y. Adv.
M. L. Cordier, Professor of Geolo
gy in the Garden of Plants in Paris,
has published a memoir in which he
endeavors to prove, that the earth is
a cooled star, which has been extin
guished only at its surface, and that
its interior is still in a state of fluidity;
and that the mean thickness of the
crust of the earth doty not exceed 20
leagues (80 English nilet) that ac
cording to observations which have
\ been made in the cave under the Ob
servatory at Paris, the heat increases
so fast, that at the depth of a mile and
a half under Paris, we should reach a
temperature equal to that of boiling
water; and that this solid crust is of
very unequal thickness in different
countries, bringing the fluid matter
nearer the surface, and imparting in
consequence a higher temperature to
the soil, and a warmer climate to the
country.
MEW ECHOTA;
WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 24, 1R28.
The general Council of the Cherokee
Nation will commence its session on the
second Monday of next month.
Mr. Ashmum, the friend of Africa &. late
agent of the American Colonization Socie
ty, died in New Haven, Con. on Tuesday,
the 26th ult. aged 34 years.
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The following letter from thr. citizens of
Aquohee District, to William Hicks, Esq.
will convey to the reader a pretty good
specimen of the feelings of the inhabitants
of this Nation, in regard to the present ef
forts made to remove them.
Aquohee District, Sept. 11, 1828.
To William Hicks, Esq.
Principal Chief, Sir:
We, the citizens of the above nam
ed District, assembled at Hiwassee
Town House, in consequence of infor
mation communicated to us, concern
ing the intended visit of our friend, the
United States Agent, and two Vhan-
sas Cherokee Chiefs.
We are all glad to find, that, our
Elder Brother, the Principal Chief,
holds fast his love to our country, and
friendship to our citizens. And we
hereby, with unanimous consent, thank
him for his visit.
Our judgment is, that it behoves us
to stand fast; and to hold our lands for
the benefit of our rising families. We
consider it exceedingly vexatious, to
be perpetually teased, to part with
our inheritance, just as we are rising
out of obscurity, and are beginning to
occupy a respectable standing, in the
estimation of Christians who know us,
and who now possess the country, on
which our fathers once resided and
raised their children. Must our pros
pects-be always blasted? We think
our white brethren will answer, no.
We are determined to hold fast the
land of our nativity. We do not wish
to turn our feet from our original hab
itation, nor to move a step further to
wards the setting sun; our native soil
being well watered and healthful.—
We are happy when we rise in the
morning, to behold all things look fresh
and cheerful, and especially to see
our children running to and fro, part
ly raised to our former old towns.
Parts of our lands, have, from time
to time, been sold from under our feet:
our wives and our children have been
ousted, and our property scattered,
till, in many instances, it has been all
lost, and families reduced to want.—
Our old men say they are fully deter
mined to have their bones laid in these
mountains. One of the old men from
Damatlee says he never will agree to
let go one inch more of land, although
one of his old neighbors has undertaken
the disgraceful task of endeavoring to
deprive his people of house and home.
He thinks the gentleman would have
been better employed and perhaps as
much respected, if he had stayed at
home and attended to his own busi
ness. We do not wish to have such a
character ranging through our coun
try. We are persuaded the object of
these gentlemen is nothing that will,
in any way, benefit us. Therefore we
db not wish their advice, nor thank
them for their visit. And we assure
the Arkansas Chiefs that they need not
expect to find, in this District, a sin
gle Arkansas emigrant*
We join in assuring you of our at
tachment to yourself and to our coun
try.
Signed on behalf of the whole.
John Timson,
Samuel Ward,
Wood Pecker, his x mark.
o><»xms, his x mark.
Roman Nose, do.
wuaa, do.
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do.
SVBB,
do.
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ft*.
Ball Town Georoe, do.
John Welch*
do.
Locust,
do.
<AXJt,
do.
VdSAR, •
do.
presence of
Situagee,
do.
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From the Southern Advocate.
Pony Club in Carroll County Geor
gia.—We are informed by a gentleman
who has recently passed through that
place, of indubitable credibility, that
there is a club, who make a profes
sion of stealing horses as well from
their own citizens as from strangers.
Their plans, from their contiguity and
intercourse with the Cherokees, hav*
been so judiciously executed as to e-
lude detection. They do not we un*
derstand, profess to take the life of a
traveller, but only his horse, in order,
it may be presumed, that in cases of
conviction, their punctilious clemency
may establish a contested principle in
p$ml law, that there is a distinct a^l
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