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CHEIMHSI* PHflEWlX, A.\» IpIA W ADVOCATE.
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PRINTED UNDER .THE PATRONAGE, AND FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE CHEROKEE NATION, AND DEVOTED TO THE CAUSE OF INDIANS.
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NEW ECHOTA, WEDNESDAY MARCH 18,1829.
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AGENTS ‘FOR THE CHEROKEE
PHCENIX.
The following persons arc authorized to
receive subscriptions and payments for the
Cherokee Plimnix.
Messrs. Peirce fc Williams, No. 20
'Market St;Boston, Mass.
George M. Tracy, Agent ofthe A. B.
Oi F. M. N-w York. .
Rev, A. D. Eddy, Canandaigua, IN. \.
Thomas Hastings, Utica, N. Y.
Pollard &. CoHVtnn, Richmond, A a.
Rev. James Campbell, Beaufort, S. C
William Moultrie Reid, Charleston,
'9 G
Coi. Georg* Smith, Statesville, W. T.
William M. Combs, Nashville 1 en.
Rev. Ben.net Roberts—Powal Me.
Mr. Thus. R. Gold, (an itinerant Gen
tleman.)
Jeremiah Austil, Mobile Ala.
RELIGIOUS.
IMMORTALITY OF THE SOUL.
JPi oofs from the History and the light of Na
ture.
A work has been published in Lon
don the past year, entitled ■•The
Philosophy of a Future State;” by
Thomas Dick. The fundamental
principle which he proposes to estab
lish, is, that there is a future state of ex
istence, in which man must live for-
JEocr.
In favor of this important truth, he
appeals to the light of nature, and t»
the dictates of Revelation, and suv.
cessively argues that both concur in
establishing the fact. His first ap
peal is to universal belief, in support
£f which he adduces the Greekfc. the
Romans, the Egyptians, and the Scy
thians, among the ancients; and the
inhabitants ofthe Society and F ieud-
jy Islands, the New-Zoalanders, the
Jbimooidans, the Kalmue Tartars the
Par mans, the Japanese, the Africans,
and -the American Indians, among the
■jBodern.
This belief, he contends, is not the
offspring of superstition, like that
yvhich leads a'barbarous peopleto cher
ish a belief in fairies, elves, & goblins
for when such na'tions become enlight
ened, while the shadows or credulity
disappear, the belief in the soul's im
mortality acquires strength, being
confirmed by arguments which uothing
but an acquirement of genuine knowl
edge can supply-
The desire of future existence im
planted in the humaif mind, the nature
of the intellectual faculties, the per
petual desire of obtaining knowledge,
the progress of the mind towards per
fection, the unlimited range opened
to the human mind in the immensity
ef space and duration, the moral pow
ers of the soul, the forebodings of
conscious guilt,the disordered state of
the moral world when contrasted
the pialorialj the unequal dis
tribution of rewards and punishments,
’ the absurdity of supposing that a think
ing principle will ever be annihilated,
and the gloomy consequences involved
in a denial of an hereafter, all lurnish
the author with distinct sources of ar
gument in favor of his fundamental
proposition.— London Christian Guar
dian.
RFXIGTON-By Mackenzie.
The following short & beautiful quo-
! at ion is from the pages of the elegant
the benevolent, the inspired M’Ken-
zic. Speaking of those who profess a
disbelief in religion.^ie expresses him
self in the following heart touching
manner:— : ,
“He who would undermine those
foundations upon which the fabric of
our future hope is '-Cared, seeks to
beat down that column which supports
the feebleness o humanity:—let him
but think a moment, and his heart
will’arrest the cruelty of his purposes.
Would he pluck its little treasure
from the bosom of poverty? would
he wrest its crutch from the hand of
age, and remove from the eye of af
fliction the only solace of its woe?
The way we tread is rugged, at best;
we tread it, however, lighter by the
prospect of the better country to
which, we trust, it will lead. Tell
us not it will end in the gulf of eter
nal dissolution, or break off in some
wild, which fancy may fill up as she
pleases, but reason is unable to de
lineate; quench not that beam, which
amidst the night of this evil world
has cheered the despondency of ill
requited worth, and illumined the
darkness of suffering virtue.”
INDIANS.
Con ,n Bpondence between Col. Thos. L.
olcKenney ami the U. N. agent, Cob Hugh
Montgomery, on thesubj' ct of the present
Cherokee emigration.
[concluded]
Department of Was,
Office Indian Jlffiirs, Oct,, 1, 1829.
Sir: Your letter to the Sec.cla
ry of War, of 30th August, is re
ceived. It is esteemed to have been
entirely proper in you to ascertain the
number, and the names also, if you
have done so, and the locations, if
hose are permanent, of those who
once registered for emigration, receiv
ed the consideration held out to them,
and afterwards remained behind. It
is, however, thought prudent, for the
present, not to press this subject upon
the delinquents, or to refuse them,
should they enrol ag: in, the benefits
ofthe present proposed outfit. The
subject, iu regard to such as may
finally refuse to emigrate, may be
one for future consideration. All you
will have to do with such as may
have on e profited by a trick ofthe
sort will be to put the repetition of it
out of their power by seeing them off.
It would certainly be improper to de
liver the gun. hi • « &.c. &c. to
those ivho may enrol while they may
remain without your control. It is
supposed the proper time would be
wheu they embri'k.
I am, sir, &<
TII L Me KENNEY.
To Col. Hugh Montgomery.
Cherokee Agent.
Extract of the annual report of the
officer in charge if the Bureau, of In
dian Affairs to the Secretary of IVar,
of 1st Nov. 1826.
“The act of the same dale (9th
May) appropriating 50,000 dollars to
enable the President of the United
States to carry into effect ■ the arti
cles of agreement and cession of the
24th April, 1802, between the United
States and Georgia, having the same
object in view as was contemplated
in so much of the recent treaty with
the Cherokecs of Arkansas as looked
to the emigration of those east of the
Mississippi; ami it being belived that
the measures taken to carry into ef
fect those provisions of tins treaty
would better promote the object than
the appointment of Commissioners:
and especially since a double set of
operations would have been set in mo
tion among the Cherokecs at the same
time, which it was apprehended would
distract them, and weaken the effect
of the means adopted to carry the
treaty into effect, it was thought to
be advisable to address a letter to the
agent in reference to the intention of
the act, a copy of which I submit
herewith, marked C. Should it be
deemed advisable at any future time
to employ other means to fulfil the in
tention of this act, it can be done, and
with, perhaps, more effect, since the
result of what is now doing will be
known, and the obstacles, of whatev
er kinds these may prove to be, will
be when the report of the agent is
received, stating the result of his
present efforts.”
Cherokee Aof.ncv,
20th, September, 1828
Sir: On last night I returned from
the tour, as directed in your order of
the 28th July, and have only time, be
fore the mail goes out, to make you a
hasty report.
On the first instant l set out with
Rogers and Maw; and finding that eve
ry possible means had been used,
both in their paper and verbally, by
the Chiefs, to raise the prejudice of
the lower class of the Indians against
Rogers and Maw, and believing that
Major Walker would be of service, I
took him along. We arrived at Coo-
sawattee on the 2d, where we found
a large collection at ofre of their
courts; on the next day I read the
treaty to them,&. explained to them the
many advantages of that country, and
why it ought to be preferred to this,
and some of the reasons why the Gov
ernment wished them to emigrate.
Rogers interpreted. They seemed
impatient and restless. As soon as I
was done, George Sanders, S. Graves,
and Thomas Foreman, the latter of
whom had followed us all the way,
and who seemed to be the principal
speaker, all replied they would never
go. They then commenced with Ro- !
gers and Maw. Foreman told them ;
that they had sold this country, and
were come to persuade the Indians to
give it up: this I contradicted; be re
plied it was all the same They af
terwards spoke in Indian, the sub- j
stance of which Rogers interpreted to
be that they ordered him and Maw to
go out of the nation; told them that
their lives were in danger if they did ‘
not go immediately. Rogers replied ,
that he was obliged to go with me as
interpreter. Foreman offered to fur- ;
nisb one. Rogers told him he would
go as far as I went: he then observed; j
“You intend to sell your life as dear
as you can: you think, if we. kill you,
that Congress will take away our land
for it.” After the clamor and noise
had subsided, we took our leave of
them, and proceeded to the Hickory
Uog court: the court had adjourned
before we arrived, and the Indians
were all drinking. Here we were
received and treated much more
friendly, but we found that their run
ners were ahead of us, and that one of
the Chiefs had on the day before given
them what they called a strong talk.
On the next week we attended High
tower court; this was the first place
where an Indian would venture to
talk to Rogers or Maw privately, or
show any familiarity with them in
company. After reading the first,
second, and eighth articles of the
treaty, and explaining the provisions,
and also giving them the invitation, I
left Maw and Walker there, and with
Capt. Rogers proceeded up the High
tower to its source, calling the In
dians of each village together: found
them mm:h more temperate and
friendly; hut believe 1 was anticipat
ed every where, and the reply made
tip before they heard what I lmd to
say. Some few talked favorably,
but privately, and I believe will cn
rol. Several appeared inclined to
remove, but wished to see the coun
try first.
We then crossed the mountains,
and visited several of the villages in
what is called the Valley Towns. IV e
found that the runners had been there
also ahead of us, and the Chiefs pre
pared with a reply, which was gener
ally that they liked the country, and
were determined not to remove. Here
we learnt that one man, who had
talked of enrolling, had been driven
out of a company, and not suffered to
drink with them; and a report had
been circulated that the first man
who enrolled was to be killed. Al
though 1 do net believe the latter re
port, yet it has its influence on the
fears of those who are inclined to en
rol.
1 am of opinion that it will be best
not to send the subagent out until the
present ferment subsides, and in the
mean time try to operate on such indi
viduals as 1 find favorably disposed,
and, if I succeed, get them to come
to the agency and put themselves
under my protection, and issue them
provisions, &c.; and hope by this
means to induce others to join them,
and in three or four weeks send out
the subagent and Mr. Rogers, if he
continues here; if not, the interpre
ter.
1 find that only a single Indian has
yet enrolled, and that but very few
have visited the agency during my
absence.
I have the honor to be your obe
dient servant.
H MONTGOMERY,
Hon. Peter B. Porter,
Secretary of IVar, Washington City.
Department of War,
0jf.ee Indian affairs Dec. 1, 1829.
Sir: The remarks which I consid
er it necessary to submit on the oc
currence named in the accompanying
(preceding) letter from Colonel Mont
gomery are such generally, as I have
before had the honor to convey, and
on several occasions, in regard to
what is the ascertained feeling of the
chiefs of the Southern Indians, viz: a
fixed purpose, by threats and other
wise, to keep their people from emi
grating. The remedy is, the presence
of an armed force, near or upon the
birders of these people, for the pro
tection of each as may desire to remove.
On taking such a position, the object
of it should be clearly explained to
the Indians; and the purpose ofthe
Government explicitly avowed to lie,
not to force by it the Indians from
their lands, but only to secure the
freedom of will, and the right to ex
ercise it in those who, being tired of
the difficulties and troubles of their
present situation, seek to relieve both
by emigration. To such policy it is
presumed no exception could be tak
en, even by the great body of Indians
themselves.
The letter from Colonel Montgome
ry clearly shows the reason of the
little success that has so far attended
this benovolent scheme of the Gov
ernment for the relief of the Indians.
It will alivlys be so, unless those
chiefs who oppose it are taught that
the will of their people shall be fret,
and that the choice they may make
shall be gratfied.
It is my decided opinion that the
Cherokees, as a people, are not pre-
f iared to receive, and act under, the
a\vs of the States within whose lim
its their country lies; but many of
them are, and these would Lf a credit
to the country, in all that relates to
intelligence and virtue. To the lat
ter, the proper inducements ought to
he held out, in lands, and in a fee sim
ple title to them, in the means to
work and make them valuable, and ;•
the rights of citizenship. To the for
mer, the wav of removal ought to be
unobstructed and free, and sufficient
inducements offered to crowd it with
emigrants. Nor should these peopli
be left to roain at large after arriving
i i the eoiintrv west of the Mississi
ppi; there tlie^ should have houses, add
fields, and work-shops, schools &n(g
teachers, a government and law*
framed expressly tor their use; and
the future should never be permitted
to become to them the source of that
calamity which has characterized the
past.
These views are respectfully sub
mitted: if they are Jibe ally and * ir-
itedly acted on, & persevered in, the
crisis which is at hand in ng .u io
these intertsting but hapless people,
may be avoided; but if not, there i aj
be. in my opinion, nothing done to d -
liver them fr~m the coming shuck,
and from Us destructive effects uj oq
them.
In regard more especially to he
outrages as stated by Colonel .v out-
goinery to have been committed on
James Rogers, there should be an in
vestigation, preparatory to die taking
of such steps ns may he deemed ne
cessary to prevent their rei urreuce.
Respectfully submitted,
TI1. L. Me KENNEY.
To the Hon. P. B. Porter,
Secretary of It dr.
Extract of a letter from Cel JMcKeth
net/ to Col. II. JUontgom y a Ltd
December 11/A, 1828. *
“Your letters, and the correspond
ence between you and the Cher- ke< s,
are received. Your proceedings iq
the case of Spear are (I am direct* d
by the Secretary of War to say) up-
proved. Rogers was an agent of thfl
Government to make known its off-,
jerts, which are kind in their designs
to the Cherokees. The trial before
a jury will decide whether the afl'aip
was personal, and of a private nature,
or not, and what damages unde, any
circumstances are proper.
In regard to the kettles an . rifles,
the latter left Philadelphia on the 12tb
of last month. The fo rmer arc ; he
same kinds'of kettles as the ’t ri-
can Fur Company send to their estab
lishments, and such as the United
States southern and northern factors
used to vend. I wrote to you as to
the propriety of buying them in New
York or with you. You thought u it!)
me that it would be best to buy them
in New York, which was done! \ on
did not say whether brass or others}
and the kind ordered, being su. h as I
have stated, it was thought would an
swer—and I think so stilJ: they ar$
not the ordinary “tin” kettles, but
kettles made expressly of thick and
durable materials for Indian uses and
arc used in the northwest and else
where almost exclusively.”
“I have no doubt when the kettles
arrive they will give satisfaction; if
not, then brass ones can be got for tlio
future; and you will say which will
be best, and also what numbers you
expect will be required for the next
season; and also how many more ri
fles and blankets.
You may let the Cherokees know
that emigrants, and their agents, w ill
be protected, as the delegation will
be told on their arrival here, There
is no doubt but these people fe r
th«ir Chiefs, and on that account held
back.”
“You will cause the necessary ac
commodations to be furnished in some
houses about the agency for the ac
comodation of Mr. Ross, and contigu
ous to the place where the supplies are
to be issued, and w ith as little delay
as possible.”
[extract.]
Cherokee Agency,
11th IJcctmbir 182S.
Sir: The subagent and interpreter
are returned from the Georgia side
of the nntion, and have only enrolled
two small families, nine persons in alh
our whole number now is but 84.
The guns had not arrived at Mh
susta when I last heard from that
olnre. I fear 1 have not bee*' able
sufficiently to impress on your m : nd
!be importance that it would he to the
service, if the person appointed to vef«
'he improvements would arrive*
at llii# tunc elmust every t^m* ■
