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, crwy JcTjauo^. CIIEH0K1BE AID INDIANS’ ADVOCATE* Half PRINTED UNDER T1IE PATRONAGE, AND FOR THE RENEITT OF THE CHEROKEE NATION, AND DEVOTED TO HIE CAUSE OF INDIANS.—E. ECUUINCTT, EDiTOH. VOL. If. NEW EC1IOTA, WEDNESDAY JCNE 21,1829. iVO. 12. PRINTED WEEKLY BY John f. wheeler, At $2 50 if paid in advance, $3 in six manlh?, or $S 50 if paid at the end of the year. To subscribers who can rea l only the Cherokee language the price will be #2,00 in advance, or $2,50 to be paid within the .year. livery subscription will be considered a~ Continued unless subscribers give notice to the contrary before the commencement of a hew year,and all arrearages paid. Any person procuring six subscribers, fend becoming responsible for the payment, .fihail receive a seventh gratis. Advertisements will b® inserted at seven ty-five cents per square for the first inser tion, and thirty-seven and a half cents for eaeh continuance; longer ones in propor tion. , _ jc3f» ill letters addressed to the Editor, post paid, will receive due attention. Q W y T tf .9 V 0- A ad h S I 8 E <V 5 A. PSAVEA.1 TAAT* U-V* ShtfBAA Jy-iAlA. B9.1E AUdShAaty KT./1 D.pP Ce.TBJ TGTZ TEA50 ,, J > ’ DO TCTZ ffeP TcSOA TB D8T/3>*>I*oi>..t, KT DtH (ye.lIUl I*4«!.I. D?~I.S><»F.Z TB yiV DOJ.SitKdtl.I, 0-yjlT D.£P (POJBa P4c»^. cwyz cpc.it anc5hJ:<»y, wp*v» d?-g 'PS^Bir», TCTZ TEAS0-T 5 1)6’ JAdfriiA. KTAZ D&P eay>V* O’SJB* Tiait Dej^jtP'cSi.i. AGENTS FOlt 1 HE CHEROKEE PIICENIX. The following persons are authorized to receive subscriptions and payments tor the Cherokee Phoenix. Messrs. Peirce &. Williams, No. 20 Market St. Boston, Mass. Georoe M. Tracy, Agent oftlie A. B: C. F. M. New York. Rev. A. D. Eddy, Canandaigua, N. Y. Thomas Hastings, Utica, N. Y. Pollard St Converse, Richmond, Va. Rev. J-&mes Campbell, Beaufort, S. C, William Moultrie Reid, Charleston, s. c. Col", Georoe Smith, Statesville, W. T. William M. Combs, Nashville, Ten. Rev. Bennet Roberts, Powal Me. Mr. Thos. R. Gold, (an itinerant Gen tleman.) Jeremiah Austil, Mobile, /Via. Rev. Cyrus Kingsbury, May hew, Choc taw Nation.' Capt. William Robertson, Augusta, Georgia. Cot James Turk, Bellfonte, Ala. mTBMPEKANCD. An Atidress on Ardent Spirit, *■ . . fore the New Hampshire ^ edic ‘ al Soeie . f827. By R. V. Musgey M at that time Presi of the Society, and jiartinov' ' Jlnalom y md Sur e erin JJartmov h Uollege< than nine hundred years ago, a l 1 Arabian Chemist discovered by distillation, a pungent anil warning li- rttior, to which was given the name of •Alcohol, & which we call ardent spirit. This, a modern writer asserts, is the aqua, divian, or water of the Elysian 'fields, invented by Democritus, and lie maintains that the term alkohol lias nearly the same import with gold* hen liquor,‘ applied by some of his countrymen to the precious invention of the Greek philosopher* This li quor was brought into Europe at the time of the Moorish conquest, soon came into general favour, and now exerts an important influence over a great part of the civilized world. It is the object of the following re marks to examine th* claims of this article to the extensive patronage and confidence it has acquired. When taken in small quantity into the stomach, it diffuses its influence over tile whole body; a fresh impulse is given to the living powers, the coun tenance light s up with pleasure, and 'the mind acts* with new interest and vivacity. lender the influence of a larger dose at the exhilarating fluid, sensibility and sympatl ly unfold themselves.— Tears fall, us a pensive association crosses the miiul, or a tale of common suffering is tbill, the benevolent af fection flow <»Ut upon all surrounding objocts, and the whole world is not too large a sphere for the exercise of ■ ’is generous senti cents which swell t le bosom. The mini disburlhened if care, and disregarding the past and the future, sees no impediment to the boldest and most extravagant enter prise's, and rioting in the luxury of present existence, scarcely acknowl- e Iges a superior in the universe.—- Here the distinctions of society begin to disappear. The idle and halt starved vagrant is trauslo. metl into a lord, rind surrounded with pomp and plenty; and the miserable outcast, who has'tenanted a prison for his crimes, imagines himself on a throne, clothed with power sufficient to di rect the destinies of a nation or of the world. * The lover of alkohol sometimes re sorts to poetry and song in the ex pression of his ecstacies, but as the effjot of the ethereal liquor deepens, hb sings or shouts inarticulate re sponses to music or voices which seem to come to him fioru a distance, but which are occasioned by a violent beating of the arteries of his own brain. If the corpofdl part of man, in this happy condition, be inspected, it pre sents phenomena which. correspond with those oftlie mind. The whole face is swollen, the torehead and tem ples patched with red and white, the cheeks of a deep crimson, the nose tipped with ruby, the corners of the mouth drawn down, and the under lip inclining to drop, the eyes blood shot and glassy, roll upwards under their lids, and the body and limbs, no longer subjected to the arbitrary contiol of the will, assume that position which is dictated by the power ot gi avitairo i; ina word, the whole rnan, declining with farther intercourse with exter nal nature, retires within himself, &, heedless of the material eretlinn a- round him, remains for hours, as if in a trane^. If such be some of the effects of alkohol, who can wonder that it has been called the golden drink} or that poets have chanted its )y,aUe. This, however, is not till, | t pos sesses, more than any olher invention ot man, the POw^,. 0 f transforming character; lout ^\hat is worthy of par ticular '^etice, is, that its good trans- nations are transitory, and nearly ty. You have seen him betake him self to the bottle; soon the relish for study or business is lost; industry, ambition, character, and family rep utation, virtuous society, are all un meaning things; the high considera tions they present, he regards not, but iva.iders about, the associate of idlers and thieves, the bull of vulgar inso lence, and the abhorrence of his for mer virtuous and intellectual compan ions. llis parents weep for him in secret places. You have seen the man of talents, industry and extensive usefulness, who in the exercise of his vocation, had acquired high public confidence, thrown down by the magic powei of alkohol, from the pinnacle of his ele vation, to become the object of popu lar derision and abuse. Was be a physician or a lawyer, had he sat in the high seat of public justice, or had his voice been heard in the council of the nation, or had he borne messages of grace to guilty men; you have seen him barter the luxury of doing good, or grow regardless oftlie law and of justice, or despise the insignia of office and public conlidence, or voluntarily tear off his priestly vestments, and ex tinguish with his own hand the flame of that altar, before which he had ministered year after year; and all this for what? for distilled spirit: for the privilege ol being the companion of fools and drunkards. What is the secret of this witche ry which strong drink exerts over the whole man? 1 will try to tell you. After being received into the stomach, it is sucked up by absorbent vessels, is carried into the blood, and circu lates through the alimentary organs, through, the lungs,.mqjelcs, and brain and doubtless through every organ of the body, Not a blood vessel how ever minute, not a thread of nerve in the uhole animal machine escapes its influence'. What is the nature of this hiflnonce? It disturbs the func tions of life; it increases for a time, the action of living organs, but lessens the power of that action; hence the deep depression and collapse which lollow preternatural excitement. By habitual use it renders the living fibres less and less susceptible to the heal thy operation of unstimulating food all its had ones, permanent. Does it J and drink, Us exciting influences scon give momentary strength to the fee- . become incorporated with all the hie, its habitual use makes the strong I living actions ol the body, and the di man weak. Does it inspire the cow- j urnal sensations of hunger, thirst, and ard with despe ration,U can break down exhaustion, are strongly associated the heart oi courage, and reduce the with the recollection of its exlnlaia- manly spirit to the imbecility of child- ting effects, and thus bring along with hood. Does it make the poor man them, the rensllcss desire for it:* iipi* rich in imagination, it make* the rich tition- man poor in reality. If it occasion- Is evidence poor in reality ally excite a flood of sympathetic tears, afld unclench the list of avarice, it relaxes benevolent exertion, and reinders the mind habitually less sen sible to the sufferings of others. What permanent influence does it exert on the social affections and the moral feelings? Was it ever known to increase conjugal attachment and __ , required of its being absorbed, and pervading the different organs of the body? Approach with in a few feet oftlie rum or brandy drinker, and the.odour of his breath jvill quickly demonstrate, that the lungs, loaded with the foul liquor, are discharging it with all the energy in their power. When taken by the nursing mother, lo increase conjugal mwyiimiw** i kindness, parental tendeme.., nr filial | it enters into tins delicate food pre- . . * . » it •. _ ireiMwi ntr rtr*t ll rife f nr 111^ non Plsih Iill'm love and obedience? Has it ever given a spur to industry, in the farm er, the tradesman, the merchant, or professional maii, by urging upon him the claims of a dependent Jfarnily, or a suffering friend? Who was ever inspired by alkohol with lofly moral sentiments? Who has felt its influ ences directing his thoughts reverent ly upwards towards the Author of bis being, am) prompting him to sincere confession of departure from duty, tp submission to his will, and obedience to his commands? On the contrary, who has not seen its effects in poison ing the fountains of social and moral feeling, and in transforming the affec tionate, kind, and hopefully devout man,- into a savage or a brute? You have seen a youth of fine tal ents and promise, coming into life en circled with the highest parental hopes ami expectations, and making regular and rapid progress towards a sphere of usefulness cud rcspectubili- pared by nature for the nourishment and growth of helpless infancy, and in this way, as may most rationally be supposed, produces a relish for an ar ticle naturally disgusting, and lays thus early, in some instances, a foun dation for intemperance in alter lile. What physician has not known a nurs ing mother give a fretful child a good night's sleep, by taking, herself, a dose of brandy at bed time? Other organs than those destined for the formation of milk, manifest the presence of this article when it is combined with peculiar odours; those organs especially, which are set as waste gates to the system, soon show how foreign it is, and ill adapted to the real wants of the animal economy, by separating it from the klood and taking it out of the general circula tion as fast as possible. The brain, that most dedicate and wonderful organ, which forms the mysterious link between the other forms of matter and mind, the healthy functions of which are essential to vigorous intellectual operation* is ca pable of imbibing alkohol, and having all its jetions suddenly arrested. In point, is the case of the man who was picked up in London, soon after hav ing drank a quart of gin upon a wager. He tvas carried to the Westminster hospital and there dissected. “In the ventricles of the brain was found a considerable quantity of limpid fluid, distinctly impregnated with gin, both to the sbnse of smell and taste, and even to the test of inflammability.— The liquid appeared, to the senses oftlie examining students, as strong as one third gin to two thirds water.” We knew that alkohol, even when diluted, by long contact after death, hardens the brain, as well as the other soft textures oftlie body which contain albumen; &. although the vital principle may enable the brain to resist in a great measure, and for a long lime, this ef fect of alkohol, when brought into it from the stomach by the general cir culation, the fact, as alleged by many and as I am strongly induced to be lieve from the limited means I have had of observing, viz. that the brains of drunkards are literally harder at death, than those of the temperate, may be considered in strict accord ance with the effects of intemperance upon the intellectual functions. If this organ be in any degree hardened by the circulation of diluted alkohol through its minute and most delicate ly organised parts, it might well be supposed to be less susceptible of those exqiisitively balanced actions, which we can hardly help believing do exist in the impressions made by external ohjycts, and the variety of Combinations of them, produced by the more abstract, and retired opera tions oftlie mind. That a large pro portion of tipplers early discover an unnatural obtuseness of intellect, and thu{ frequently a mind originally quick and vigorous, becomes slugglish and imbecile, need not be told to an assembly of physicians who have had the common opportunities of observing the effects of intemperance. The stomach and liver of drunkards are generally found lo be disordered, the stomach frequently contracted, and the liver much .harder than nat ural, exhibiting an unnatural colour both upon its surface, and throughout its interior texture. This, perhaps, is what might be expected. The stomach receives the liquor, in the most concentrated and active form, in which it is taken into the body. From the stomach and the alimentary canal below, most, if not all of it, is prob ably carried through the liver in a state less dilute than when distributed among the remaining organs of the body. The texture of the liver too, which consists merely ol vessels and nerves with enough cellular mem brane to hold them together, may show why it. is more obviously affect ed than the alimentary canal, inasmuch as this canal has a distinct, and in some places, a thick muscular coat, independently of its vessels. The skin oftlie inebriate is always more or less affected. Its fair colour soon fades under the withering influence of ardent spirit: and from being smooth, soft and elastic, it becomes uneven, wrinkled and flaLby, if the subject be somewhat advanced in life; or if young, the skin ol the face is bloated, uneven, and frequently purple, and very often in middle life ami after, a large crop of red pimples is the only ornament the face exhibits. The eye, that window of the mind, loses its pearly whiteness, its trans parency, its quick and significant mo tions, and becomes dim, slugglish and unmeaning. The various phenomena exhibited in the different stages of alkoholic in fluence, including its immediate and more permanent effects, and modified 'by age and ^pustituiional tempera ment, would occupy more time in th& enumeration, than can bo spared on the present uccusion. The case of him who has made free with his cups, till they have produced lire following train of symptoms, is not unfrequent-' ly submitted to the consideration ofa- physician. The forehead and cheeks are swollen, pale and lightly tinged with yellow, the lips leaden coloured or pale, the eye yellow, dim and va^ caul, the lower eydid loose and hang* ing, the upper lid several times Un natural thickness, disaphanous and drooping, the body twice its natural circumference, the limbs tottering and swollen, the breath insuppoitabl/ fetid, respiration difficult and wheez* ing, accompanied with a short dry cough. “Throw medicine to the dogs” in such a ease. The bodies of some few urinkerir have been so thoroughly steeped in spirit, as literally to consume lo ash* es. It is said that no ease of sponta-’ ueous combustion has ever occurred, except among bard drinkers, and it is altogether probable that in every such case, an inflammable air has exhaled from the lungs or skin, or both, and' has been kindled by the loo near ap proach of a lighted taper, or some ig® nated substance. A French Chemist, it is said, after drinking a pint of ether' during the day, use lo amuse himself* in the evening, by lighting up his breath, directed in a very small stream upon the flame of a lamp. Alkohol taken in large quantities, would proU ably in seine constitutions at least, oc-» ccsion a similar vapour to be thrown from the lungs; and there is doubtless more danger.than has been imagined, in a deep drinker's bringing his mouth or nose close to a lighted taper at eve* „i„ s . The numerous and weighty consit> erations, some of which have been hinted at, and which a reflecting man must surmount, before he can make up his mind to be regarded as a drum* hard, place in a striking view the strength oftlie appetite, which is ere* ated by a long and habitual use of spirit. Instances might be referred to, which set this in a painfully strong light. A few years Sgo, a tippler was put into the alms house ina populous town in Massachusetts. Withinja few days he had devised various expedients te precure rum, but failed. At length, however, he hit upon one which prov* ed successful. He went into the wood yard of the establishment, plac* cd his hand upon a block, and with an axe in the other, struck it off at a sin* glfe blow. With the stump raised and streaming, he ran into the house, ciy* ing, “get some rum, get some ruin, my hand is off.” In the confusion, and bustle of llie occasion, a bowl of rum w'as brought, into which lie plunged the bleeding member of his body, then raising the howl lo his inOuth, drank; freely, and exultingly exclaimed,“now I am satisfied.” 'In another populous town in I he same state there lived an habitual ^l inker, who in an interval of reflec* tion, made a vow that be would drink no more spirit for forty years, not doubting at the time, that forty years would place him in his grave. Htf faithfully kept his vow, and at the ex-* piration of the stipulated period, ven^ tured.to take a little liquor, as it seemed no more than a friendly sal* u tat ion given to an old acquaintance, and in no very long time died a sot. I once knew a man, who had been- for some time in Hie habit of intern* perate drinking,and who had, at times, strong remonstrances of conscience.—- These admonitions, together with the motives and encouragements held up to liirnby his kind and good wife, in* duceiPhiin to make a solemn row* “tlu*t by the help of God, he would nev* er again drink any thing stronger than bec.r, unless prescribed for him as a medicine by a physician. * He re# cr ar ded the vow, bccufne sober and sp»