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• jfvy ■ PiiiKTBI) tfans-.t i\uii’ATtioN'AiJi:/.\?u> i-'Oit Tut. or thk ciutkokkij nation, A^b^^^i'r.ifTO^'i'iii^cXisKor 'l.vfriAN*., ■a . J C t DI AC'f'i, , i-i’ f-astt VTO&. XS« * -t • ..IS i \!> jO/iA* E IFMVELEIl, *■■ ■■»^’*. r . T1fT . r ^~ r7| ^ r-Tp-T—-n rrntnr nnr»n«nw>nw-Tnr'ifrn ♦had, at the couel.uBpin of the Ai.neri- i tuigiu be thus expressed by tbo Indi ] cm 1 ) (var, in u.iq 1S29. L& 4 e v£»» * At AO if ptiid in vii'mieo, (?3 in six jfT.onths, nr .*>3 50 if paid at the end of th ./year. l'n ruibsqjpbers who can read only th< ♦JU-voiiee language thi price will be ^2>00 jn i'I'M ice, or -fAi,50 to lie paid within th-* r.year. uiiq lesrloinble "<g;u, o:» ‘every ground »f jo rv and uo.iof, fn Mi ' -I T sabscripUon will be considered a, r)(^r\m (t -r eonlittuod uftia »i inters give untie.- to .H.i.ixuy imi. r «<»• 4lie contrary before the c> u n»nr.c.ueut of a have c. hunted <*•> jumeUi. 1 at rtn$: ‘•Tiw.-se lands an; ours. W* IjAtJ them iVon* our fitthc/s. They th« landaviihin thii lim: s of fh.'^ias; s : arc not yours. Ncilhe/ you, no. •charter, subject only t, Le fix.h,in i:ic, i your fathers, nor your iiUg. ever bad If would rernMft' ’ih inquire, ho:y far. 1 them. iVimn *,ve consB'tV ifoyour tak- her jurisdiction coni;} be f.vtr!y‘ on I : . jit/; the-n they will bo yours. Till properly extended over tlic Indians.. then, uiey it cion* to at.'* Or timir country. To nv it scorns If'flu*, little tribe rf Indian?, who | punish the tifi'endena according to Ln- j glish law. 3. ll the Creeks should wst treat the trader* well, the polony will wilh- draw the English trfim:. 4. The ( reeks sav, that they me glad the English have come, and add these memorable Words: 1 -Though thin hind belongs to iM.(thc Lower Creeks) of England, and hoped m-y <vcnitxS always be imndly to Ins subjects; thus making Ihe very dislihctiOft which the King himself had made. In the year 1730, Oglelhorpo madf a treaty with the ,Spanish Governor of !3t. Augustine, in b.< h the Second article reads as follows: - In rcspftdt to 1 he nations of free whan?, calico 4lie contrary ■Sew year,and all arrearage's paid. A :\y person pneufiag *.x .subscribers, iaad 'beemrun™ reipftftsihh* for tko payment, JjhiiH receive a seventh gratis. Advertisement will bo inserted at seven- iv-livc cents per square, tor the iirst inwr- ,;ion, am' tliirty-seven and A half cents for ^•*arh coHtnuiance', longer ones in pronpr- -*f ion. K3*.Vll letters addressed to tlib Editor* rvnst paid, will receive dew attention. .*? *v V i if 48 O'.'J .4 r> the Creeks or OltferoKoea, their territoiT. .Tltev very, idsooc-l tlteir coiwertt a i?o'.»{tC hi cl infs }Vjss.‘ssio:i oftfte lands at the | yut we, that wr may he instructed j^Crcekti, 1 will »s« ny ulutost amted all over, nvoutii of Savannaii nvvv,-Kunsented to • by them, (the English,) do com tit mil or over! tlin scttlomcut ofO^ftithorj)©; ami if j agree, that they 'shall make vs hh; endeavors, upon • nv reabofiaiil© satisfaction given them, to prevail as oblaio.Hil fairly and tivoly, a separate people, living 'tinder! honorably, /widen i ;:<m nut inclined to thoir own larva, upon their own soil. ! question) titan ih.i formic; of the No argument, but that of force, wcoohi j State of Gcnvgia had n rig:i , l*ul pom s i« to Th« law fa in css of Ills pos i j and possess, nil those lands which our,i with ihem to abstain iVom sue. hostill- y,«i r p. <? .i «e\Tj'Lr& l T.VA-f* ff'V* JhtftiAA b'-ift.)’ liwai; AIiCi?h-lt«y XT.a ul<p 0’O.ta. i rerz TF.»o-r» dot tes z r»tit J Ttf30-A T-n t»i).l/Set)If jji»4 0?«.tnjt t-4.*.x. i;?.ia*ux Tr. Va not,v?x-^.t, r-y>.r tip 5 6^r.in.i r-r^i ir.v.v;: c'c.k .thWUA^y• WP<\f o'V't rOU-,.1 M,?.f rt.TO !’, nr*/ Tr..<50-r no- i*>t‘^f.t. KT.tr n o t s o ay.v* o’V.itr ft. IR DB.tiV:.,-»'*•<$ 8. .ACKNTS FOU THE CHEh OK FT', PHOENIX. The following persons are authorized C. i^cveicp sahscriptions and paymer.t.- ler th»: 1 Ohcroliee l’ltcenix, Messrs, i’etacr. &- Wilmaxts, No. *0 Market SI. lloston, Ma^s. (ir.oaou. M. Tnicy-, Agent of dig A. B. *0. F. M. New York. , Jlrv. A. D. Rivuz, Canandaigua. N. Y. XKaM.vs jt.vsTi.Nfjs, Ulica, S’. V. Pom.and S» /royvr.usu, Rich^fnd, Va. i(jir, C wtrfleci.. Beam-' *>* S. Wu.li.vm Moclthib Rb:p, Charleston, ■ C. Col. Cnonor xrx*ir, StatcsyiU-v, W f. "Ww.t.cvm AT. Cocrns, Nashville, Ten. Uev. lluNitr.T Robsats, Powal, Me Mr. Thos. B. Goi.o, (an itinerant Gen- 9 W mar. ^ .IsaiMiMf Aj;stit„ Mobile, Ala. litvve .bren addac ivd in favor of taking ! away Ihcir possessions; add if they ! hud beou able to defend them'?;elves, j uo urc.iai 'iit would ever Sato been ■ thougic of. Could the Clierokr, s.( now bring into the field a formidable I array-of boyonottf. nil these urginaeiita ! I aliout, the imuler sftate Would bo suf-j i feted to repose in quiet, witli oilier: : In in Her of the schools. The mon : savage the Indians were, the less in- • (dined the Peoplo of Cnorgin would i . be to have n quarrel with them; and : j the more readily would nil their ' c>r- ! ritoml now! naliotta! rights be ilektiow- j . ledge.'. i Tim claims of Georgia, which are set forth as being supported by the session, as ag.oust the India fou i led altojoilier upon then to the whites o/ might j; stly pic.ui ivli'ie, in regard South Ce'•' lii '; I; the Kin, 1 clr.i■ ct T<••• . ‘.!. . iiilic u- t< jiji* hiHidr rr,- blo ;i says the hisloriun, '••♦iglethorpo jitdgotl it ov.jodienl to have the ether ■naiio-ti hath not occasion to use: Provid ed always that they,upon setl'iiv.’. ev ery now town, shall set out for the use oj ow'iclecs aiul the Ptoph cfour nation such lands us shall be agreed upon b I ween their beloved men, mul the j head men of our nation; and that there j lands shall remain to vsfcrb.tr.'* I 5. Thi* Crcfd.g agree not to do inj;;- rv to am of the traders; but if any tribes also to join with then in lUc treaty.'' So it seems, that Oglchorpe sunpesed the Indians to he eapdile of makiiig a treaty, as all his preleees- sors has uefre, front the d is cowry of ( Amorh’.a to that day, and tir, ill his : successors continued to do, tT tins j snrne Georgia controversy ha.s, within two years past led to the dis-o- erv. Indians should transgress this article i the rutt.Oi will deliver them up, to be i j'utniisliei! ueeoriiing to English law. tj 1’!:': C’reeh# agree to apprehend J and restore runaway negroes. ’ 7. The Creeks 10 give in etieoni- ; agement to white tfAtle.vs from otln i European natioas, ' A ‘st-liedule of prices of orti- - I"- tics vvlialjotiver, with the subjeetf of his Latholie .Majesty.’ 1 I lei t it is evident Hint Oglethorpe saw, us no man in his cireutiistanct^ could help seeing, that the Greekjr were an indepcndci.t reople: and that they must decide lor thcni^ftlvef, wdietheu they would go fowarwitil the King of Spain, or nol. He ct.ld odvisc them however, tone .-pi A ; e a stumble snlisfa< tiuo. WILLIAM Ff.NN; repot « .veil tvgei upon*. > This In poratio t. tor j.-ndry, was ret At the close of t heVokrvo Mission, the Pr ;tl Committee m the Atnerb-m i ; tlms evprrss thvuwejvc^ on the c '.ion of ri mova! '* U life prcffC’Jt t*nfe. the ; t of l\fc no to the law ot nations and the King’s charter, [ that Indian* urn capable of hein^treated have been examined; and, unless ! a rat j Kith, it is morally certain, Unt the mistaken, have he. u shown to bo al- i colony of Oglethorpe would have boon I tober IS, 1733. together* groundless, when compared i of short duratioa, if lie had tdd Ihe >v:.h tbo strong title ol immemorial ) Indians, that he, tiding under th;: king possess'on- llul there is no need of J of Great Britain, was the oivaet of all resting ‘Ke case here, however safe j the lands from Savannah to the Altii- j Uiaha, mu) theneo westward to the o- ’wfilicd by the eor- ;ity <--f 1,0:',don, Oc- it would be here to rest it. I therefore proceed to show, that! tber ^iiie of tin G.-torgja has. during her whole histo ry till within a very few years Uev., Ovnus K/ng.soTay, May hew, Choc- J t i, R py avv Nation. (taut. Wilmaxt Hottbotson, Augusta, "IGpQrgia. CoI..T\me5 Turk, Brllcfontc, AH. orlit; aiui llitit he could not form any eompact witii them, because, they were incapable of making xi bargain. Had the. v biles distinctly avowed such principles of morality and law, they would never have established themselves on this eoillincut Iveyond the read; of '.hen* guns No oilier refutation of so so ou st rmte a system see an. necessary, th.r.i its utter impracticability, at tiie coiii- mencemeut cf the settlements. Ju other words, the emigrtiUts from Eu rope could never have b.ecojna slroug In the year i .33. Jumcs Oglethorpe : enough to throw offal I (he restraints a Li mit t -ol the national < harncter and ter ritorial ridits of the Crerks and Cher- okws; and that she is bound, by nu merous public acts performed by her j i:i the very capacity ef which she is! most proud and jealous, (that of a sov-j ereign and indepcndcnl State.) f.H'ev-j er to admit arid rospeot the rights of • So i u* sis appears, Oglethorpe was I entirely fair and honest in thfs wh-de I transaction. Tire fiidt-T-! confnlr d in j all. his staterneuts; and both pvrtres i doubtless s:ippo r o:! MwA tie: eolo iv I would eoiidne • to'tlie permanent ml- ', vantage ol’ th«' fndi- ns, nod that tliey j and the seUlers wottld Pve together | in friendship, aerording to the import j of Ups piei'Ci'ding articles. Tltci ' corporation,' in latifying the treaty. ! s in trike. d this wiiioi! a removal slate of question *m Eh*. from ll < .r,ro)i;\ are div n account' of i lie i:i eoniempl.ili >n ft i iie rheroke:: a Tf i !■ nitgi ,. | we ■\r >re U !‘ ; lo- urivhees, unless ihcsc :hU 1 jlCTPC :at all ivrit- ; sliall hr re after be voluut 1 dered. ; U V fill ITCH IN S> .15 Stt. comrueneed ;i settlement on the where Savannah now From the National l»teJligcnc<!r. .^JrtilSENT CRISIS IN THE CO.VUiTlON OP TUB AMF.TtICAN JNLU.V.N.S Nil. XVIT At the close of the Rc.vtdutionary «var, great controversies arose, m re- •ispird to the disposal which should he juadc ol the unappropriated lands ly ing within the limits ol the United States, as defined by the treaty ol .1783: Sortie of the States eontendml that the vaat tracts lying to the West pnd Northwest wf the portion iuluvis.it- .cd liy whites, slioul.i hr made a com mon'fund, and held for the common .benefit; as the whole had been socur- .od by the common privations and sac rifices. Other States were deter mined t0 tli ,« territory which fell within the linijts described in their original charlors. It is not my ^intention to enter at all iuio a dis|mte which was put at red, as ti practical /rialter, by various conventional cr- j-angements^made between particular State! and tnejU. States, from 173! to 1802. My‘ object in adverting to the subject here is, that the reader in ay be aware of the existence of micli .« controversy. Virginia set on exam ple of public Spirit, H> reliiupiitibing to the United Staten the vast tract •Northwest of the river Ohio;'and it was contended that Georgia ought to relinquish all the lands on her west- .-ecr. watcra. These relinquishments, delonlor contemplated, were not con sidered -as affecting, or likely to affect the Indian title-. Every cession was anhjoct to this title, In otimr words, every party was considered as bound In d»t^l justly with the Indians, and to gAWS'i'ri* their territorial rights. >^)n the supposition that Georgia :;m:nt on (he site,; of justice aiul honor, and disavow* the j ny stands. In his j most .obvious principles -of moral lion- j first letter to the corporation whose l ts ;y B tildes* they had pretended to he ' agm! he was, dated February 10th, honest ami just during a period of two lie says; “A little Indian nation, llto j hundred years, only one within fifty miles, is not only i Oglethorpe, having found an inti in amity hut desirous to he subjects j preuir, to hi* Majesty King Geoi to have lands given them among us and to breed tbeir chi hi ten at ou; s liools.— Their chief raid his bekwed man, who is the second man in the wati n, desire summoned a meeting ci it,-' chiefs to hold a Congress with him at Savannah, in ouler lb obtain 'iiicir consent to the peaceable scltlcmeiu of the colouy.” About fifty chiefs as sembled. Oglethorpe represented to ! declare that they I sirens to maintain an inviolable (h the world’s end.’ It is to he tcmnt’jlwred. ti treafi ui witli tlie Indians were ten 1> ! no probability that they made the j expressions stronger figniurt. (hem- ■ utdvx 1 .,, than they actually were Yet here is n firm and dr cideil pro testation of the. Creeks, that the grants which they tnmjc out of friend- I ship, should never lit j admission that they I title tide that no new settlement should he Jna.de without then consent, ll j the Colony intended to rely upon the i right of the English King, hero was 1 ! the time and plain; to have asserted \ it, and to have obtained, if possible, j :u m i n- i appv W-V Xiepora-C; i is i:i:do\*btfyii\ ; i-’d it is ;*vr<.i fc'Hing. mi.*!, mi groat hi- Irancc t which have box 0 r c !fi a v in regal'd to l!af they are tt riM.?*) ii *hev vo ( f ' v !* (•••nslr f*‘..| t "■-•L./ fcr whirl ■ aGaciunonl',, and whiefe w, « hi be an in. cnvrmrr* e of a 1 lit v ?■ anMti •hel her ■:N "In (0 r ho an nv cnvrmcr.* i ; cars, ; s thr*’ y y ’’■•a a4 ’H ti ro Mm 1 ‘oer^ < tf : ho ^ rv-or iTi Pt-cif • imp; 1 some tin; English, and that there is I progror-s and w bid: i- is the s object of tiiis Board to projrn te. ft has been a 8'jlijcct of se-icc5 deliberation with the. Com mutes*} how I sir it became them to exp os? any opinion, with irsprct to the rtf- is non. **5 mova! of the Indians which to be instructed in the Christian riMi- j them "the great power, wisdom, and i the acknowledgment cf it from the In gion.” If appears from McCall History of Georgia, /un which I shall' rely as authority for several sur-ecd- Ing staleaients ) that tliir,-little (iib<. of Indian!, which is notv extinct, must wealth of the English nation, many advantages that would accrue to the Indians in general, from a con- ucxiou and frieudsliip witii tiium; and. a* they had plenty ofhnds, be hoped construed as an j tnncli agitated, ft lias • always tirc/i had no original j a maxim wit!; them that if ir net exl- Tlioy also took care to pro- pedient. for religious so<detirs to take part in Sinv 'jiirifif.ir-n ntcrely politi- r.I} and the missionaries under their d^rl ertion have been tin!?’o?n Ty icstiueted not to interfere will the pcl-fu af-f commercial, or muaicij ai affaiis of the natives for. whose henefi ilieV were pc fit forth. Ti has hot beep thought a violation of the primJ' ’c«r; however, for the missionaries am ... ••• —Y ■■ * ^ <• Ail* V 11 • i VI * lit Ifi, have received a splendid ^acctamt, m | thf-y would freely resil'd a shave of lhern the,power and hgn'evokuiec of th* British King. How Much they un derstood of what was implied in be coming his subjects, cannot be knowij. They were doubtless informed, that the settlers were intending to live in a compact manner, and to lixivc schools and preaching; and' that the Indians would act wisely, if .they would Iw; friend:; to the English, anu live lit the same mr.nicr. They might naturally, therefore, have, been pleased with the notion of taking farms for cultivation, sidy by side, with the new settlers.-- This raust. have been the meaning of thoir having lands given them umo.vg the settlors, far tiro old English doc trine of uizinr in fee., and of the. fee being in the King, was tno meta physical an idea to have found a lodgment in their . unsophisticated heads. Indeed, it is quite ridic ulous to embarrass this question with the abstract terms, and nice dis tinctions, which had their origin in the feudal tenures of Hnro|m. The whole philosophy, and the > morality of tlie Indian title., as opposed to . the on to his People, who were come to set tie among lliem for their benefit rnul insl nieliot).” This is (lie first overture -.,f the colonists to the assembled Indians; nd the | dlans j The principal speaker in Hits conn- | ’ cil wiN a Greek chief, ec.lleal i'nnvv- | jx'hichi. When Oglethorpe rnturac'd i to liyglaml, in the Spring o; 1734, I I this ohiefiras induced to aecyrji|\.ny \ him. On being introduced in King George, he made a flourishing speech, i in which, however, (nr tvi; ail- | j mil. that the King of England is his | liege -lord and soMWeign. He gave the they the t re Gherokcc rni'.bt r. United S v sliual: to a'ssiirc‘them, that , upon 1bo josti -o of f< ■ and tlu.t al? the .ii * v, ids Hu f| ; ..-dd Hilled. P. v ■■ z the Kitxg some ecglea^featlsers, token of everlasting peace;” cod con- cIui!ahI by saving.'- “Whatever words yon shall say unto me. 1 will faithtui- |v tell them to oil due Kings et'lbe C’reok nation.’’ 'f’His is Ml t»*r* a!!e- giatice Jio promised. King •(/purge , xpressed Ids kind rug ird*. gave thanks for the eagles’ f«*ather5, and couclued by .saying, “l shall always be ready te cultivate n'good mit>«- pondencc betwn the C'recks and my subjects, and shall *w glad o.T any oc- ervsion to f lmw yon marks of my par ticular friendship.” Here is no arrogant claim of sov- creignfv, on lh(f ground of the uivhic right #f Kings, or any otlicr factitious title. Indeed,. the King of England ders carry goods into tho ‘tCroek nn- j/impliefty says, that the Greek!arc lion’ lur said. not his subjects. and it certainly docs not look much like demanding the whole country, in the name of tho King of England. It seems much more like a humble en treaty for permission to remain, for tho piirposc of doing good to the na tives. Thu consent of the lords of (lie soil was obtained, and a treat;, was made, of which the billowing i- an abstract: TT KITS’ Cte SAVANVVU. The preamble recites ti c authority of Oglethorpe, and 6r.ys that certain “articlesof friendship and commerce” wore made between him “and the chief men of the Nation of tho Lodor Greeks,” viz. 1 '1 he colony engages to let tra- *he honorably I such assurances.^ the miss A supposed, that tfcv were was right and pfnpo w hat w odd : i >f ** • h th approbation of fit g. :<•;• ‘ mint- The ngcr.ls .of tlv* Stat<s ante!:.: the Indians be re doing v. hat in i'tsvK. anfl -1 iu Vi •■led •vrni ,itcd ,c: -1 mil _ 2. Tho colony engages to make res titution to the Greeks for any injury eroAolmieate of Uio Eur/ojuftaU jhM tiers, | vlony fotltejn by white tradbr^wlto <o remewbter ihe kind nos* qf the king When tho old chief Tomochich died in 1739, ho charged his People » in tlic constant bit f-ti’niic^s. HPff snatnc of their cfliM i ins rn lions: V, to anv ilecifians'of the Chcrokres in regard to their secular interests, the miMteriariefi have scrujulousljf rfefrnincd rom giving advice The Committee feel bnuivf on M i® arcardon, to declare, in *h. * A menu no Indians should be com, d to le.-'Vt. tlfc lands w liich tlu v J* d from their anceslar , efwhhht -f arc in pkqeeAble pos'sessic.* * ref w hich have hern guaranteed l*» k i r« by solemn treaties. In nil n* i.f- tions with them, on the subject or removal, it must M ohviefis, that F-® terms should he just an! rrwser-.M^ in thenTsdveis; that the ne’op**;-. > oh • ejectiou of thenr should b»- din frt*n ant/ urtbiDSsed dctermirttltl $