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CHEROKEE PHOEIX AND INMANS’ADVOCATB.
Mr. Boudinott,—Your correspondent, Ga-wo-hee-lo-skee, has given you
a specimen of the conjugation ol a Cherokee verb in its intransitive loiin. If
any of your learned readers have had the curiosity to look at that specimen,
I presume they will also be gratified to see a specimen of a transitive verb,
with the manner in which it expresses the person and number of its object as
well as of its subject. I propose to carry th# declension only through the
Present Tense of the Indicative Mode, which will be suffeient for a specimen.
In a future communication 1 may give you a list of Cherokee tenses, so far as
I have discovered them, with an attempt at naming them, which latter, how
ever. is not an easy task.
In the following specimen, the number and person of the Object of the verb
is expressed at the hood of such division, mid the number and peiSon of the
Subject or Jtgent on the left hand ol the column.
»-iTot *1 am tying.
INDICATIVE MODE.
PRESENT TENS*.
•[Inanimate Singular Objective.
Singular. 1st Person s-iTot I am tying it,
2. o*4To* thou art tying it,
3. s'-aTot be is tying it,
3|f.'" © l -<iTot be is tying it,
Dual. §1 & 3. to^to*- thou and I are tying it,
§1 & 3. be and 1 are tying it,
2. you two are tying it,
Plural. 1 & 2. Tt^Tr* you and I are tying it,
1 & 3. j.«^Toir they and I are tying it.
Singular. 1.
/ -3.
3 .
Dual, i & 3.
Plural. 1 & 3.
3.
3 f.
Second Pierson Dual Objective.
Collective. JJislributive.
t5><r oT-iS-UT
otWToy
(SlTeQ-qTot
TCsJB-qTot
WU.'ilTc*
lie is tying you two,
SiRir’A'SiToT- 1 am tying you two
3<&I,.qTot
S.T.S'b^Tot
s^rce-UTot he and I are tying you two,
scaA-aToT- they & i. are tying you two,
3tvoT>T>-q.Tot ) . .
they are tying you two.
2.
tg-itoa you are tying it,
3.
ue-GTof- they are tying it,
3 f.
r.e-HTiA' they are tying it.
Inanimate Plural Objective.
%ingular.
1 Pc IT..
39AT0V I am tying them,
2.
3or~nTo$- thou .art tying them,
3.
3s‘-!lToP he is tying them,
3 f.
sS'-iTor- he is tying them,
Dual.
1 A 2.
se-^Tot- thou anti I are tying them,
1 & 3.
AM>a4To»- lie and I are tying them,
2.
3<»ViTor- t?ou two are tying them.
frlural.
1 & 2.
si-iiTot- you and I are tying them,
1 k 3.
AG-ATc* they and I are tying them.
2.
SG-aToi- you are'tying them,
3.
they are tying them,
3 f.
sr,e-qToF they are tying them.
First Pei son Singular Objective.
Singular.
2 Pers.
,>?x-4To* thou art tying me,
3.
DX-aTov he is tying me,
3 f.
wx-^ToA lie is tying me,
Dual.
2.
ofye-qTot-you two are tying me,
Plural.
2.
«ycQ-<iToi-you are tying me,
Singular.
Plural.
Singular.
Dual.
Plural.
3.
3 f.
3.
3 f.
2.
3.
3 f.
2.
2.
3.
3 f.
S^Ko^WTot
First and Second Person Plural Objective.
Collective. Distributive.
JS-UTot > , . . . ,
he ,s <y'"Ky°“ and me,
TS^Tot
iis-aTc*
PS-QTo*
K»qTot
Ibey rre tying you & me.
First and Third Person Plural Objective.
lw is tying them and trie,
Collective. Distributive
«yd&qTot thow art tying them & me,
.JS-UTot »oT>sqTot
x A*qTot ^AS^Tot
oty^e-qTofr Soty.s-aTot you two arc tying them and
[me,
otycS-UTot s«y^-aTo> you are tying them and me,
* As-iTot 3.\sqTot ) they are tying them and
s ASqTot 9 v ASqTot ) ine.
Second Person Plural Objective 1
Singular. 1.
3.
3 f.
Dual. 1 4' 3.
Plural. 1 & 3.
3.
3 f.
Collective.
TCsda-’lTot
TG-UTot
.ITGqTot
TC= $-TTot
TCR.eqTot
LG-UTot
.LG-aTot
JJislributive.
scsca-iTot I am tying you,
SG-aToT- ) , • •
- „ r ,ie 18 tying you.
S-TG-lTot ^ j a j ■
3Csj&4Tot be and I are tying you,
sc=ocq~ ot they and I are tying you,
3hGqTot ) . .
3 Mr*™ tI,(? y are y° u>
Third Person Plural Objective.
Common. Familiar.
S.
Collective. Distributive.
8 Ipi&^ITgT- Sfflr .^'QTo^
f.
Singular.
Dual.
Plural
3. Ex-aToi- they are tying me,
8 f. tf^EX-qTo* they are tying me,
Second Person Singular Objective.
1. Ece-iToi- I am tying thee,
3. G-aT<* lie is tying thee,
3 f. nG-aTo* be is tying thee,
1 & 3. orr’.a-aToi- we two are tying thee,
1 k 3. Tcz^-HTo* we are tying lliee,
3. hutoi they are tying thee,
S f. ft.jvG-iToi- they are tying thee.
Familiar.
e-nTot I am tying him;
w-iiTot thou ait tying him',
s-nivt )
^ he is tying him,
jreqrot thou and 1 art tying him,
^AAi-aTop lie and I are tying him,
■Tm'WToJ- you two are tying him,
-itUTot you and I are tying him,
jiG-aTop you are tying him,
.F.CvUTot .
they are tying him'.
Singular.
1.
Third Person
Common.
In-e^ToF
2.
J3<-a-'.lToA
3.
SATc*
3 f.
W.l-QToT- }
Dual. 1 & 2.
A4TW $
Re >4 Tot-
1 k 3.
2.
RotT,-lTot
Plural. 1 &
2.
RWTot
2.
RG-ATot
3.
DC-UTot
8 f.
WO-ATot )
Singular.
3.
A0-AT ot )
First and Second
T Collective.
yn^Tot
3 f.
jrya-aTot
Plural.
3.
ty63T:t
3 f.
„Vy’>- t i T,> b
First and Third
Collective.
Singular.
2.
cAyO-ATot
3.
*ye.ATot
•3 f.
Aye-OTot
Dual.
2.
csye-qr-io
Plural.
2.
oiy.-9-lTot
3.
Ayo-ATot
3 f.
.Aye-aiot
be is tving thee and m6;
[f Dist'-ibvti'-e
:o*
5/y»«To> y
spyG-rT-i- ? they are lying thee and
^pye-iTo* )
D. I & 2.
I &3.
2.
P. 1 & 2,
1 &3.
2.
3.
3 f
4. FA-S^Tot
or .yc&qTot
3. ?«41T0lr
SE-UTot-
R-e-yTot
A<AT. -QTot
K.A T,-4T.T
M-tlTo*
AG^Tot
t-G^Tot
1.6 3Tot
3T,G-lTo»
.e-UTot
or ? s y.«-n ot
3S-OTot
3F4Tot
Sf-e-UTct
9AM>T.qTot-
TIwAt-UTot-
3 H Tv q T ot
3\G-qTot
31‘G-iTot
3 P 6 <1T oT-
3t,e-aT ot
SO-UTot
Distributive. *
SEG-qTot lam tying them,
si'Vr-aToT ) thou art tying
$ them,
.se-noi | | ie j s ty] n g (hem,
3 x tva-£»Tot thou k I are &e.
.a«irrot 3 x A«>i,3Tot he and I ar-e &c.
j‘<*t-qToi'3 v wotx,-aToi- you two are &c.
v p-t-aToi- s v m,-4To^ yon and I are Sic.
s .\g-1To^ 3 v AG-aTo> they and 1 are &c.
n kg<ito> sjhivuTot yon are tying them,
j'.CveAToi- s^ECvO-aYoir > they are tying
] them.
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.Albany, July 22, 1829.
Nonpareil &•
Lead.* ami quo
tations
Indians.—In the York Advocate U.
nada, we find the evidence of a Rev. 1
. it)eison before the parliament
of the provioe, on the subject ol’an In
dian petition, which is curious for the
account it gives of the Misissagua Indi
ans 0.1 n Tract of land called the cred
it, probably on the Misissagua or Mis-
issaque. Their number is about two
hundred and thirty; settled in 0 little
village, and increasing by the addition
of s; vages from the woods, who arc at
tracted by the obvious comfort and
knowledge of (lie natural laws 10 which
the human frame is subjected, they pro
pose laying down plain precepts, in easy
style and familiar language, for tfee regu
lation of all the physical agents necessary
to health, and to point out under what cir-
cumstanees of excess ow misapplication
they become injurious and fatal.
The properties of the air, in its several
states of heat, coldness, dryness, moisture,
and eletevieity: the relative effects of the
different articles of solid and Ijquid ali
ment; the mannerin which the locomotion
organ , senses, and brain, are most bene
ficially exercised, and how, and under
J ! what circumstances, morbidly impressed;
quiet of their nm«e of life. They J clothing, protection against almosnheric-
rcsivie on 6 tnu t of land situated on (he j al vicissitudes, and a cause of disease,
three miles and a half in length i [ vl,f,n under (he direction of absurd fash-
,U Ti,„u liwn Dons; bathing and frictions, and the
,. .. , . , ^ ruse of mineral waters,—shall be prom-
eottuges divided into two apartments, j jnent topics for inquiry and investi-
with a garret, and sometimes with i gatron in this Journal..
river
a id two
tiu* addition of a kitchen. In them are
chairs, tablvR, bedsteads, beds with
curtains and the kitchen utensils cpm-
inon among the "bite* Tliete is a
garden of half an acre piloted to each
house, in some instances they have
The modifying influence of climate and
localities; legislation, national and corpo
rate, on health; a branch of study usually
designated by the teim Medical Police,
will furnish subjects fraught with miVuc-
tiou, net less than amusing and curious
research.
The value of dictic rules shall be cont’n-
ine.
Distributive.
jdtye-QTov thou art lying him and me,
3jyP-qToT' }
or Aye-qTc* > he is tying him and me,
3.Aye-mo* )
3bv.vo-4T r- yon two are tying him &. me,
! private enclosures of from tv\ 0 to four i „ 0 r, ,
1 . ... , . | uaily entorced, and the blessings of tem-
aeres, and the village cultivates a ; pcrar.ee dwelt on, with emphasis propor-
field of sixty acres in common. They ] lionate to thpir high importance and de
mise corn, potatoes, some ‘.'heat and plot able neglect. Physical education—
abi.ndaiK e of garden vegctnl.'ir s Ac- F ? ? ; , < ' iT ‘ rn,0U j [ t l tl f' , ' on for the lives of
children, and hapinness 01 their jiarenti;
cording to the report of Mr. Ryerson, , ltal! hp discussed in a. spirit of impartiali-
Ihey live together in great sociality ; i v , and with the aid of all the data which
and harmony are kinder to each other i have been furnished by enlightened ex
ilian ivhitcs, and civil and hospitable 1 l ,p il? n,, C
to strangers. They are sober fcoo-ar-
.yc^-HToT-yon nre tying him and me, j ( j<*nt spirits by a s I
3 ■ yo-nToV
3 xye-^ToT-
they are tying him &. me,
cinn agreement
are not permitted to be thunk in the
village; and he who o.IIVokIr against
inferior animals, hut only between objects animate and inanimate.
X I follow Ga-wo-hee-lo-skee in denominating this form the third person/ft- 1 j, s ( 0 f”th,i
miliar, rather than the third person present. Whether the i“maik. that them from the ini
this rule is looked upon as having vio-
hil ;1 the agrecmenl. aod is expelled
"rom the village. Tli^re are tixo
bools, oi c for males and the ether
r the females, with fifty 1 bildren
m each. Tlmv are tauglit readinr
n;l arithmetic, and oof
• •■bool the children instruct the a-
lulis to read. 'Dims tliey are d; ily
improving in
* Ga-wo-hee-lo-skee has given the same tense of the verb h-pii which 5
here give of the verb s-^TiT. II is definition, 1 speak, is not, I apprehend, per
fectly accurate. I would rather define tins tense., which he calls the Primary Sl
Present, lam speaking, and what may perhaps be called the Habitual Puis- j f (
ent, lr/iAT. I speak, (bat is to say, / am in the habit 0/ speaking. I ; tl
* f In all the verbal forms the distinction is mnhrtained between the form of Wl .j,j n „
the verb governing a thing or ao inanimate object, and n l that vvhi b governs j
a person or an animate object. No distinction is made between persons and j
civilization 'l he nb-
Mi'ion is tn secure
litresibn of ihe whites,
“botli forms are often used without regard to the presence or absence of the ■ „,|, 0 p 8 i, ; n tticir strei ii«s rod cn-
pnrty snoken of,”is entirely correct. 1. being a whiteman, cannot tell. I bat | ] t > ;ivm ir to 1 each the young Indians to
the common form is often used in the presence of the person spoken of admits | swe; ,r, drink whiskey, profane the
of no dis jute: but is it true that the familiar form is used in the absence, of the f j0r „’ s p lV rm ! similar meomplish
person spoken of? Or does it rather imply an intention on the part of the
speaker that the person spoken of should hear what is said? Be so kind, .Mr.
Editor, ns to answer these questions.
§ These designations 1 & 2 Peisons, and ! & 3 Persons, denote that inthe
former ease the first and sfecond persons (thou and 1. ye and I) and in the lat
ter the first and third, (h * and I, they and !,) are united in the action. In
keth cases we use in English the first person plural.
|| Vso written a id pronounced To?i-OTc*, a. d so in all parallel eases.
fjThe mark „ attached to a syllable changes the consonant sound from g to
k, or f ro»n d to t.
IF Tl'is term Collective denotes that the action falls upon the several persons
who arc the object of the verb colleetively; the term distributive denotes that
the action falls upoiueaeh separately; e. g.
yoiToT- he is tying thee and me together. «!
h« is (jing then and iu«, each separately.
ments —Columbian Reg.
THE .It n n\ AT. OF HEALTH
Hyatt Jltssoria'ion of Physicians.
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