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CHEROKEE PHOENIX AND INDIANS’ AlifOCAtE.
ministered by whites. There will he’ with the late ol those poor chi 1 dtenot
no in*rt v to complain, even if the pro-1 the woods, in the lace of their com-
ten led u nity should he totally disrc- inon Maker, and in presence of tlifc
gatdcJ. A dead and mournful silence ; world. And as certain us the guaidi-
will ..reign; for the Indian coinmuni- an is answerable lor 4ho education ol
tics will have been blotted out lorov- his infant ward and the management of
or. Individuals will remain to feel his etatc, will they be responsible here
that they are vassals, and to sink un- and hereatter, for the manner in which
heeded (6 despondency, despair, and they shall perform the duties of the
extinction. I high trust which is committed to their
Rut the memory of these transac-j hands, by the force of circumstances,
tions will not be forgotten. A bitter ; Hitherto, since the United States be-
voli will be unfolded, on which came an independent Power among
Alourning, Lamentation, awl If'uc to; the nations oi the earth, they have
tion over the Indians, which is pro-j Justice calls lor a coned statement
* respecting tue condition ol the se
tribes. 1 want, said ivlr. F. to me e t
die reasons which have been urg 0( |
for the removal qI these people, ]
want it to be shown to the Senate
bow true these representations ar0
with regard to these same lndiaiig,
>Vitli regard to them, and especial^
to the Clierokees, we are. bound to
ull’ord every .possible encouragement'
in their improvement. Tliey
teclivo to coimnunities anil not gencr
ally coercive or operative on individu
als, and designed to assimilate and na
tionalize the Indian population—as an
engine to conquer their freedom or
extort their lands, the injury should
be repelled by freemen, and arrested
by the government of the nation.
4. An unconditional surrender oi
the unalienable rights and privileges
of man, or a removal from home and
property, is an alternative not to be j rising every day in moral elevation-
proposed to a community of 75,()0Uj they are leaving behind them the hab-
the People' of the United States will be j generally treated the Indians with jus-j souls, without impugning the prrnei-! us of the savage life, and have estab-
s *011 written in characters, which no | tioc, ntul performed towards them alljph's ol our Revolution, and striking | lislied lor themselves a civil govern-
eve can refuse to see. j the offices of humanity. Their poli-1 at the foitodntion of all liberty. There-; ment—they ore entei mg upon tue arts
, That we adopt, as the ! aiVmecLiics--they ^'kiovv thlTS! | To'! v ^ S ® nate ») cou,a " n ^ er i® k f>
Is meeting, and recommend ! intuits oi iaw ; atu^ hi regard to no ;u- i. a y> v '° seek to do nothing which
lideratlon of Congress, the! lotion, instead of its oimroacliiii/to <i.! n? I'l ‘
Government has now arrived at the ; ey, in mis respect, was vindicated f° r «i
bank ol Ilia Rubicon. If our rulers j during the negotiation at Ghent, and' Resolved,
now sto>, they in ay save the Country j1 lie principles which guided them in j sense ol this meetir
from the charge of had faith. If they their relations with the Indians were <b the consideration
proceed, it will be known by all men, then promulgated to all chnstenoorn. | Memoriall of the citizens oi^ me cuy | anmuiiation «r •meitg.-g .iwuj, they
that in a plain case, w ithout any plan- On that occasion, their representa- pf New \ ork, sigicd John 1 runibull, j have outstripped the whites in any
sible idea of necessity,&for very weak lives, holding up ttieir conduct in ad- j chairman. . t-ection ol country.
vantagous contrast with that of Great I LU I HER V ASIIBLRN, CIi n. j l have proposed this resolution,
Britain, and the other Powers ot En-j C am in Martin, Sec v. , , j meretoi e, btcause I n is.li to be able
From the rigor of this sys-
o* 1,10 Mississippi,” and to insert
lieu tliereol ibe words, “the iiiilirtn
nations \\ it bin tbe United States,
and also to erase the two last words
ol the resolution, (those nations) and
m their stead to insert the word
“them.”
Mr. It. proceeded to stale that
lie wanted all the information which
could be procured respecting tbe con
dition of all the Indians, and that be
w ished to do justice uot only to those
who dwelt in the southwest part of
(lie United Stales, but to all those re
siding in any part of the country.—
So far as he, (who was unfortunately
i *be only Representative of Georgia
& unsatisfactory reasons, the great a..cl
boasting Republiok. ol the United
States of North Ainrri a, incurred the . rope, said
guilt of violating treaties', and that this j umh however, as practis cl by G Brit-
gnilt was inenrred, when the subject
was fairly before the eyes of the
American community, and had at
tracted more attention Ilian any other
publick measure since the close of the
last war.
ain and all tlie European Powers in
America, the buma e and libera! poli-
x; Vv j •* .*.• /L*
Senate;
aiiie.ioa, me mui.i„ cuuu uucihi i Monday, January 25, 1830. ; —: " ‘v ■- - '*« “iiumpt tins course, but suggested to the gen-
cy of the United Slates voluntarily re- j The following resolution, which 10 disguise the tendency of such pro-, || e man from Georgia, to propose his -
luxed. A celebrated writer on the was Submitted on -Thursday, by Mr. u, ,S s ' IS n U v " ish then, said i amendment in the form of a now reso-
laws of nations, to whose authority Frciinghuysen, w;s taken up tor eon- i l ‘; A '‘ lo ot, laui such information as | (Il j 011 . H c repeated tvhaf his object
, u 1 cijn.) e iue to^meet those reasons was in proposing the resolution, and
Secretary of j .“I' 1 •> 1 ‘“‘v’ ‘"" l ^'Jessly; and on the sa iJ if the gentlcnvui from Georgia
furnish Ihe 1 c * , 0 1 ltSl 1° siiew that wo are , would consent to the adoption *of his
ion in the ; }’*‘‘s 1 ‘ ,0 e *wourage and protect resolution embracing the same mat-
i rt in 6 lit res- eop -. 1 is ant to be enabled ter n c nrimmii umi'inlmnnt
tbe majority of the States of the U-
nion
Mr. F. concluded by saying if the
gentleman from New Jersey wished*'
to take time Tor the consideration
, ... of bis amendment, lie would move to
i amec tbcecson which now assail , | uy both the resolutions, for the pres-
us, that unless wo remove these . Bent , on the table.
I f 0pU a “°“ . W,ll < 80011 ! Mr. Frelinghuysen did not assent to
: s l1 . 1 ' nm '' e aUeinpt this course, hut suggested to the gen-
Divine Revelation the following words
arc written':—
Cursed be lie, that rcmoceth his ncigh-
l uv's landmark: all the people shall
say, Amen.
Cursed be he, that makr.lh the blind
to wander out of the. way: and all Vic
people shall say, Amen
British jurists have particular satisfac-
lu one of tiic sublimest portions of tion in appealing, after stating, in the
most explicit manner,the legitimacy ol
colonial settlements in America, to the
exclusion of all rights of uncivilized
Indian tribes, lias taken occasion to
praise the first settlers of New Eng
land, and the I'omuler ol Pennsylvania,
in having purchased of the Indians the
sideralioli: , . . . . ,
Resolved, That the Secretary of | ’J 01 ..^’, 011 'I fearlessly; and on the sn i c ) if the genlhnvui from Georgia
War lie requested to
Senate any information
possession of his Department res , -
respecting the progress of civilization i I' 1 e 1 11 T need no such as-
for the last eight years among the 5l!,l - ance s, s liiat proHered to meet
Cherokee, Creek,'and Choctaw on- | 'O"' amnhilafio,,. If we only leave
tion of Indiais east of the Mississippi,
and the pretent state of education,
civil govcrniiciit, agriculture, and ilie
lands they resolved to cultivate, not-
Cursrd be he, that pcrvcrldh the j withstanding their being provided w ith
jw Igemcnt. of the. stranger, fatherless, charters from their sovereign. It is' mechanic ark, among those nation
and widow: and all the people shall say, (bis example which the United States [ Mr. Fursy\i said he could have no
Amen. • since they became, by their indopend-; objections to the inquiry which the j civi . 1 S overn,,, « n h and will make a
Is it possible that our national ru- j C ncc, the sovereigns of the territory,! resolution nrcbosed. but be desired I ra F K * Progress iii the cultivation of
them i\ here the faith of treaties ren
ders it obligatory dn us to leave them,
they i^ill raise tliemsclies ’to a high
moral elevation—they w ill secure to
themselves a streimtli and stability of
le s shall be willing to expose them-i have adopted and organized into a
resolution pnposed, but he desired
that it should lie more comprehensive :
the arts.
s-lves and Uieir country ro inese; political system. Under that system, in the informa/im which ii was the
curses of Almighty Go-1. Unrses i|te Indians residing within the United object of ti.e gentleman to procure,
ut: erred to a people, in circuinslanc- ; States . re so Jar independent that they ir’iJie gcntlcitnn is of a different o-
c not altogether unlike our own: | live under their own customs, and not j pinion, I bond, said Mr. F. he will
C irses reduced to writing by (lie in- under the laws of the United States-, that j show tbe reason lie had for confining
spired lawgiver, for the terror and J their rights upon the lands where they (he resolution to the three nations of
warning ot allnations, amt receiving .inhabit or limit are secured to them by : Indians East ofMississiopi the Che- sl:lv<!S > l0 them, to this country,
' hearty Amen of all boon-hries defined in amicable treaties; rukce. the Creek* and the ( lioctaw. hn<l
pe.e.le to wnom they have been j |,ci w ccn the United Slates and I hem-! j lV ou!d be glad if the resolution was
ter as the present amendment.
Mr Forsyth made no reply, and
Tlw» question r>n :<tnonding tlic reso
lution was then put. and carried in
the affirmative, by the casting vote of-
the President, the ayes and n*ocs b. '•
ing equal
The resolution, as amended, was*
then adopted, as follows; •
Resolved; That the "Secretary of
War be requested to furnish the Sen
ate any information within the reach
Another Iensory u uicli* justifies tin: i of liis Department, respecting the pro-
adoption ol t us resolution is, that asp gross of civilization for the last eiMit
we have hound ourselves to protect 1 years among the Indian nations within
■led patronize them in the cultivation the United States, and the present
in tue arts, as independent, sovereign ! state of education, civil government,
ledple, it is a duty we owe to our-1 agriculture, and the mechanic arts
united au
to
made known? selves, and that whenever those Imuii-1 m01e extensive—so extensive
!i is now proposed to remove l.ic : t | i r j,. g a ro varied, it is also by arnica-1 embrace all th- :
landmarks, in every sense; to disrc- ^/ e voluntary treaties, by which j Slates. Ido not intend to propose
gard territorial boundaries, dehmlc-, they receive from the United States i on amendment id die .-‘Solution to the
for
Arid the world at large, which
is looking on us, to see that we
t0 have fuliilicil this obligation, and to
ndians in the United lj . v a reference to the prop
er Department, what progress they
nn.-le in these arts. I therefone
among tnem.
Ill V
ClIKilhKE
PIHENSN.
."IOTA; VEBRUAItY Vt.hdrO.
ly Tixt «1, and ior many years respect*- ample compensatio for every r gbl | effect I have staled w ithout fust »iv- apprehend, that if the resolution pr<>-
ed; to disregard a most obvious princi- ( | u? y have to the land ceded by them, j hig the gentleman an opportunity" to P ose< * !S n-lopte-l, I shall be enabled,
pl“ of natural justice, in accordance j r i'| K »y are so far dependent as not to oxulain bis rea
’ “ possessor of property ! have ' ' ” ....... -
wit > w.neti
tin;
isons for limiting the hen the discussion of this question
the right to dispose of their lands J inquiry. If no objection, satisfactory comes on, to meet, by official docu-I
• ' - L ' ■ ' - menls, the reason assigned for the re- 1 brrlhrPn
. , . , t * *» -J I I Itl'jmi » . Ml IAW I lUll, iilll lOlll.. 11M j
is toll dll it. till some one Claims It, t0 any private person, nor to any Po'.v-1 j 0 ni< ;, j s stated', why the iuquiiy
wiio has a better right; to forget me er other than the United States, and I should not be extended, as 1 have sug-
dootrine of the law oi nations, that j l0 | )C under «/i«V protection akne. and gested. then I shall move to ainei.d
eiuigements with dependent allies are ; ll0 t .ui-Um'that of a.iv other Power.
engigements wiui uepenueni allies are j t)0 [ U(K ],.c jhiit of any other Power
as rigidly to lie ouserved as stipula-. Whether called subjects, or !»y wdiat*
tions between communities ol equal | over name designated, such is the re
po vor and sovereignty; to shut our lotion between them and the United
ears to the voice ol our own sages ol .Stales. That relation is neither a£-
the law, who say, In t Indians have a . serted now for the first time, nor did
rig v to retain possession of tucir land j| originate with the treaty of Green-
on t to use it according to tndr discretion v iIIe. These principles liave liecn
antucedontly to any positive compacts; uniformly recognized by the Indians
and, finaily, to dishonour Washington, themselves, not only by that treaty,
the Father of liis country to stultify j but in all the other previous as Mil os
the Senate of the U. States -hiring a fi lC subsequent treaties between them
period >f thirty-seven years to burn j 0 nd the. United States.” Such was
150 documents, as yet preserved in jhe solemn annunciation to tbe whole
the archives r f State, under the de-, world, of the principles & of the sys-
norni.nation of treaties with Indians tem .regulating our relations with the
— nd tear out sheets from every vol- j n dj ans
u no of our national statute hook and
the resolution,
Mr. Frclinghuysen said he had
strong reasons why he did not wish to
extend the inq iry to other
If we judge from what has heretofore
born sni.il in cases similar to !!>■> aiYair
wc.liricfly noticed in our la,t, we may rea-
sonably expect much? ado about “Indian
i troubles,” “Indian war” Su:. with our
of the type. Many will try
niovni of these Imlinns. We shall | !j " t t0 misrepresent• With tha
aiso ho informed what progress they
have made in civilization; or, if they
have retrograded, what has been the
scatter them to the winds.
Nothing of this kind has ever yet
been done, certainly not on a large
scale, by Anglo-Americans. To us as
a nation, it will be a new thing under
cause of it. If the reasons vhi h be
Indians filluded to would be removed by this
than those mentioned in the resolution, information, then the reasons to inter
mit! stronger reasons why it should uot * Cie Bicse People would bo also
be ezteii-led to all other Indians — removed.
The Senate will perceive, said Mr. Mr. lf>'sylh replied that the gen-
F. that tins resolution proposes an tlcman from New Jersey misappre- | ^
inquiry into the progrescs whidi these bended him in the observation he had Jsionsfrom growing on]
tri!/es of Indians have made in 111 jdc. I had no objection, Mr. h • I reports uhieh will no
improvement and civilization, and an said, to tbe inquiry which the rcsolu-! ciliated, respecting the.date v..
investigation into the present state tion proposed, but I objected to con- J m ioes with the intruder's, I deem it
of their civil government, education, filing the investigation to throe sec-1 mv duty to make a true statement of
agriculture, anil the mechanic arts I ions of the Indians only. I wish f a j t s
>m. regulating our relations with the] One of the prominent reasons In* said [bat it should embrace all tbe Indians [t ; s generally known that there arc
ulinns. as aomitted by us and. recog-; | le had for employing this phraseolo- ''i the United States The rcsolu ^divers intruders on Cherokee land,
ized by them. There can he no vio- gy j n the resolulion, was, the tion does not even embrace all the j 0 n the frontiers of (he adjoinin'? Slates,,
ilma nl eilneiv In llif* i isnilvnnl nrr<« .......1...., ■ .. i* i . .• I..,l|...r i., (I.«..„..i ..... .. i*.. i. ... , . J
refloating part of the community, however,
the fallowing communication will be suffi
cient.— 'Ve have no room this week to ,xT-
er an • teMivki which naturally grow o.ifc
of the facts *i-ted below.
Ufan or Coosa, Ciif.h. Nt.V
February 13 ill, 1830. (
^!r Emas Boudinott. Editor oj
the Cherokee. Piianix, Sin.—\\ uk • ho
view of prev-mfing erroneous in* s-
of the various:
-lou’bt b- ir-
lalion of either, to tbe disadvantage
of the weaker party, which will not
subject us as a nation to the just re
proaches of all good men, and wh.di
may not bring down upon us the mal-
enlphalio terms in which our treaties Inuions in the part of country in which some of them being men of the most
with these tribes are couched. With the otheis it mentions inhabit. I lie infamous character, and ihat the Gen-
respect to agriculture we have en- Ghieknsaws are as numerous as any j er al Council at its last session made
con raged tlfesc free tribes in the pur-, other tribe mentioned—and the same . it my duty to remove such ol them as
suit of it. We have agreed by our promises the same pledges -v-re.may he found amidst our citizens in
solemn treaty to afford them every S*' ,pa 1° them ns to the others. W'by posgj.gsuju of the improvements re
facility’ by extending to them our pat- l ben are they excluded? Besides r C ently abandoned by the Clierokees,
ronage. & giving them the countenance tbei’e are in other parts of (lie United who have emigrated to the Arkansas;
ol t!ie Government. By our pledges k Slates Indians residing, to b-uu the anil linvinsr been stronMv urrrcd hv oni*
tlx; sun. We have never yet acted edict ions of a more exalted and pow
upon tlie principle of seizing the | erful tribunal.”
lands of peaceable Indians, and com-:
palling them to remove. We have | From the Pittsfield Argus. of the Government P ( i • ,
never yet declared treaties with them n meeting of citizens of the town io them we have guaranteed—(and same pledges were given. It was oh
°* , P ‘Itsfielil, convened by public under our solemn falitli and obligations, 1 vious to the Senate that Ibis impor-
Let it >e laK-n foigi anted, then, tn n't: notu-.e, on Monday evening last, toi a re bound to fulfil the pledges we tant question should agifafe us in all
la runup email. kji mw, says u.C| | n ke into consideration the coadi- have made to them) the undisturbed, i our relations with tlm Indians. Like
lUilioifui I looker ,n !l r ; ,,n, ,v ,,ch p r „.peel, «r the Indian., „„J 0 „i nl „ rr „p,e,| po .ts o , f t ,d th. mnllnmn from V-,v J« ey
have been admired for. -tor Urn* ,l le follorviag preamble and rc.ola- Terrilnr*. I i. , vain, ra d Mr. (Mr. PmlinAnW I M» that -(•
I ss arknowled^eil than her seat 1 *' Maim of Georgia is not one I made to interrupt that posse sion, and receive a lull discussion; hut I have
U Mip'liiwnm of Unii • lw«r vuiee ihe' °f j u riscli,*-. I ion. hut of title to domain, j what were the reasons, lie asked, no idea that persons either in this
hirmonv *>f the world All thinrrg i n : or ri nbl «f soil— : »»d this claim is cn-J which were ui*gcd for the removal of, House or out of it sh-dl narrow the
l' I „„ ,. t i. ,1„ i'.,,. '.I,,.. tirely on th«- United States, whose these Indians from the cointry they discussioti down to.a low or sectional
verv least as'Veelm her care, and t!ie 1 fail11 ls satisfy it, when it j now inhabit? Humanity, it is said,; question. For the purpose, then, of
emalest as not exempted from her he done consistently with national requires their removal, and this is applying the inquiry to the condition
nover Roth an’■els and men and ■ anil the right of the Indians; ». e. the only reason assigned, as appears of all the Indians in the United States,
*. c ...i.„7 ' *.i:.: i as soon as it couhl be done *‘peaeea- from the resolution of the State Le- and that those a ho hold different sen-
gislatnre, from the public prints of timents from the gentleman from
the country; nay,, tliis is Ihe reason New Jersey, on ibis subject, may
given in tbe very Message of tbe Ex- have ground to stand upon, as well
ecutive of the Government. Human-. as he, I move to strike out of the res-
crea'ures of whip condition soever,,.. . ..
each in different sort mid order, yet all 1 >'>y and on rensonatilo 1
.;.i. :r« ’i 2. I lie United S s
terms.”
with uniform eona-mt, admiring lier ns J . 1 ,IU 0 a t° 3 possess no
the author of their peace and joy.” I ' ,01, are obligation to
WILLIAM PENN.
procure for Georgia or any other
Slate, the Indian title to the soil, in ity, it is said, calls for our interfence olution, the words, “possession,”*and
rExtrart of a > Vddre.t-i latHv iVliv -cd V. 1 any other way'ban bv ri'il pact and j because, while the Indians remain in to insert in lieu thereof, the words
' fire th- Kent'v -• fSlonizni' s.-.cictv, 1 voluntary cession of 'he Indian nations ilie neighborhood of the white people, “within the reach,” and to strike out
bv the Ho.v,. HENRY C L \ Y. j 'or tribes. their situation was daily deteriorating, the words, “the Cherokee, Creek,
^•The United States stand charged\ 8. Should Georgia use its jurisdie- and their population decreasing.— and Choctaw nation of Indians, •east
and having been strongly urged by nut*
cooil citizens to enforce said law, w ith '
the view of securing tranquility &.the
safety of tlielr property, I complied
with the»request, without intending to
disregard or interfere in the least de
gree with the instructions of the Sec
retary of War to the Agent. Therei
foro on the 4lli instant, Major Ri-lgo
and other citizens were authorized &
instructed to remove those (hat were
in the vicinity of Vann’s sett lement &
Saunder’s old place, apd they were
specially instructed to extend towards
them all possible lenity and humanity*
'The men were prohibited from using
ardent spirits whilst on duly. The
intruders living on the public road
leading to Alabama and at Saunders’
old place were turned out of doors
with all their effects. The company
were fully pursunded that if the bous
es were not destroyed, tbe intruders
would net go avVnyt they therefore -le*
termined on tbe expediency of selling