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’! jP* VI letters ad b'ess n l to th'* Editor
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bit? and eternal principles, of justice; such ascendency, ha*, a n<» mall case
and nn citizen of t:»Ts Unit tui States,
tvlio lias aconscince. can be mtlille nt
to 1 lie icsnlt, or fail to share >n the
responsibility.
It is a singular fact, that the In-
I Jia - s commonly so called—the Aboi i-
i a ve been perfectly Dir. Is is true
i ndeed, th»* l< ow ledge is puwd”, an<
hat rcliricmon .Jirced by ho side o
; barbarism, <ud' si v thriving g ms
| idleness, wiil soon lift up iudl o
; high, and wither and blast the sfo»-
■ gisn mteile< l, and the unnerved
that might mix .wise have b»
,<t v y *<v a u tv .0 A n Ti h i i c..« A-
ROASTS.! rv.JP W-V* illiti'.':A.T **•}<«).t.
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iy*e
‘gincs of this country—llie original uid
f oin time immemorial pvopi ieioyi of
t iis vast continent—have become the j su P° ri0i ' t ^nch have been the
str ingers in lhe midst of those, who ei l '-’ 3 European cultivation
ii ve supplanted tiioni;-of tliose, who
tital solicited and reeeivv# irmn them
the riles of hospitality; of those, wh
had themselves, not a few of them
fled from a condition as grievous as
Egyptian bondage; —who were grate
ful to be allowed on any terms a small
space, a little tenantry, in tins '.tide
E
itii
‘Oil
i*Ji u-
* 1 ll
tiers, arts. a.id enleiqnise 1
physical and moral ti- e
savage poptllu ion on tin ruii
Atlantic. And had tlu . ..
cendrn. y afi 1 .diimatc
the Europe ms over t ! e
alone on stfcii ;r b
seem (o be . ri
omitci. ! •
s:s, tiii-re w
i onus t;:.«v i . i>,
retreat from European turmoil and j tb‘ l by (lie i.mi t hi; ami nine
lordly vassalage. It is true, indued, ! lk ‘ rs of i’-ov cnee f is : ■
v.llt DO I.V* N.-ifX
AGENTS F >T THE <
PHUM*1\.
Th- 'id’owi’.ti persons av.-
tp' ’• /■*
Ch
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-- .11 'ittOtlS d'\
'. .o Pbicttis.
:.sr i t. P at :t c c T Whin i a ms,
■t St. It ton. .Ma =-.
n’ttbot izod to
merits for the
No. 20
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m.iv u .Moult
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A,, cat. of the A. II.
, ■ v.mdaigua, N. V.
5 Ties, N. Y.
Hichmnnd, Va.
• 15 aufort, S. C.
'. Charleston,
ASVI !o,
AY. T.
V.iOTT tl,
:i Aust'ii., Mobile, Ala.
■! /aus Kinrsuuuv, Maybew, Choc-
w Nation.
(Ja;a.. Wi (.lluBBtrrsox, Augusta,
eorgla.
Col. .Tamhs TtJiitr, R-llefonte, Ala.
j.f. T T^aa , 3i*Tr rxrxrrr.’cru • cr hr
• ,'i. a i-
An Address liy the Uov. C tt.vi.v Coi.to.v,
before, th-Even >. \.:.!>-’r::t, Miss.—
delivered Jan. 5, 1830.
t-So I returned, ami considered all
tlio 00 tressioaa that ore done under
the sun. Aid behold- the tears ol
sij *h no were oppressed, and they bad
iio comforter; and on the side-of their
oppressors there was oower, but theypoans on Ibis soil, a d every s<
had no cmfjfortcr. ’ ‘ • quenl a •qaisit.on, were by suflni
THE Dlfl'V OE THE ■■ MET;:CAN
PEOPLE TOW ED 5 THE L\D» NS
I:'s obvious that this subjci t must
involve ct'usiderntions of puhlie and
national character; i
hie to enter upon ils
out seeming, In sumo measure, to oe
copy in* appropriate ground of states
men
qi;■ t ivernment and Itistilulions sup
poses, that it will sometime.* become
the S »a Eli duty of every citizen to
mahi: liimself acquainted with ques-
! ,ions of great national interest—that
>e may he able to discharge his own
pric.ite n snonsihilities. ns S member
of tit’* community. Judging That th.*
I ves *nt condition and prospects of the
*i 1 is within the jtirisdie'ion a ul nn-
fler Oie ere lection of th * U. Stales,
1,1 •' ■> a iueg!ion of this sort, ! have
fcouseit 'd to aMemat its discussion;
jia*.-,. first satisfied myself on this
(hat a poiii 'ii of the first European j
settlements of North America, was I
made from a spirit of worldly and po- j
litical enlerpi ise;—that the. first ot cu- •
paney of some of these grounds was
secured by an assumed ii *lit_ of dis
covery. under the patroua:e of kings ■
and the prescript and prcrogvitivu of [
rxval charters-, an I 'hat not „ law of
thus * who came th is in- i from the j
courts of . I’-.i -‘s, bad the insolence to]
d'srcganl ! e elder and primeval (
claims of • the*/ found pi thp J
peaceful and he-e'of-.re und *• ’ itcd |
possession of I it so shores. If* ihe;
world being ;t jn • ■ ~ *v ri let it L ■ ■ '
mombered. the v id x ' ■ j e,
o r the question, c hen If -d.il
sita.li eovrcspond u dl) the 'ec
, n-a veil's chancerv ) ’the w -id, 1 y
b 'ix;< r, jury—no charters of hires, cr
fore, hf their a r;ns could '.uni tlie^
saved right of tlie*abow duel ten: .-»• ,
in the soil of their fathers I do u-:t
speak of the right of diN •ove.i-v. for ]
that, were a mookorv. As if 1 ‘>v an
' accidental, or co-.r:{ons lifting up of]
j my eve on my hho-'s grounds, j
! thcrebv invested mvs-r!r\\ lib the right
] of Ills ejectmcni.
Soil nas happened, that I Iso no-‘
Uuspi ions and generous V. ii-... mu- j
j practised in the arts and .forecasts old
, ivilized-refinement, (which are tooj
often the arts of knavery.) lusl t, ml- l
] cr*'*d and dis dv* god tile rigius of h ;s- |
: pitality to bus European visit ant r.;—j
j next gave thorn, in all good faith, a I
I piece of ground, and e.:! >tlier, and |
: still anotlicr until the coasts of this j
! now world were lined with the colon |
ini fistahlislrjii ,i(s of European cmi-
, grants. And let it be observed—
that the liiai footing gained by Enro
ll everv subse
ance
of the natives or by stipulation—not
by any inherent, or imlepend-nt -••laim.
This continent was theirs not ours.
\n*l a chi n sot up by th * Aborl ixes
ivoulti it have been r :• o*«s, i mo
or endca'ots.ha:i It cn nt ! a t *1
to irnpi o*. c uie i*it(di<: • t»,■ 1 -11 ! m
cl condition of die uutives -xd h -
them of m .IT’xmi.I.:
securing their fain
a ciinuoc given
their rights aut
existence.
Uni it is too we
’iiown,
lint tin
benevolent ( iTn . s haw; been wid\-
hol !cn except;.-::; only t!ic s*df-coiisc-
creliou of lien; and there ..n individu
al, w ho lias secrilii cd bis p .wers and
life for their good, such as an Elliott
a Mayliew'. a ik iinerd, and a Kir!;-
land Hut tiir.’se exceptions have
be* o loo rare (or any pm maae'itl and
general improasion. The Indians
•ve been abanJea.- l to their igno-
c. And'iu tin* light of (ho m!ri-
icc i id in ndil sujiei iorilics o!
ixMr neighbors, bcoi.; left, to compaie
vxcirown cnliiva od condition with
Ih*dr i! •ig'-.'iots’ n■linaiuents, and the
! or unue
ocssaiilv provoked io
om in: t
• dcj’i cd
it ions
on ; i.e
l.'.iq oin an
sc
tile-
1 meuis.
and
thus
(irav\ cuivii
unou
j; hems •
Vl*3 t
citain
vi n g.uiiim
And
1 an
•j.) or Losti
lit H.'S, : s if
iu
St’If-
| d( : i<uc*
. h s not uni
i C. jueal ly
stretch-
< *i on:
its
pie o.
ti VO • till
it
has
1 gl . jfCC
the s
word
of e lennina
lion.
j |,l.e mi
'IgliKi:
i:>il Ot
'no w kite iinn iu.s
io:bed
\ il(‘
as the
em
?l!i) .
.’.Hii a!
ti c ten - '- r,
ot a c.nniil
,.i
SJ\ -
ige,
(1 bib
Ire..!
nit nt of him
has
III.-tic ll
i:l S 1.
tie
las Spoil:’.
.!
with
j 1(5 nul
HCb* Of ll S
n.iture. ei
d
pin-
1 ' mi ci! v
• 5 H \ • ! •
mod f
■,o. i*v to t
IC
11 * *st
fi.’ - : i,i;
l l
. 1 !
■ii e. the
llj
1 are
! ol 1 it? i:
:.* !*
ieiidb
Is, the h
(*:
king
jot treat
cs t
r -
r ete.al ei
mi
I'.’S.
j Vi.d hi i
I C the
• idea
".i d I'.ame
of
sai -
j ■ C !■! 1
lit'' I
urn's \ oca
)U
|
; ;d (hit
: of
•V :lei
.a the i
idi
ids. .
; .■•or, ‘l
! In
y S: 1 1
iler to riif
w ho ;
i ■ ” ‘ 1 ‘ ’*
•n die
l < i{ ’ \
’ Hln-r by
*.
I
by ?
.S.*,.. (>
<V(.m t in?
i7'.
c ri-
,! ■, a'
t' H < i
my me.-fb
'.T
j
I Lid a
:•()!!i*!
i , .
it.‘j Sf't ll i
IK
.Iir.r.
. • i.no’.t *
f am -.1.
1
! Ii - *• i
I i:**s"'
unequal *■
at
id. 1
• [)(;
• )orj| ^
ml an
las long, si;:
tired Ii ■
m t!,(
lit?: «—
-b. : s *:j i it
1 l'*
ki n j
—ll s 11 ihe :.:
! !|'\t ‘
!' ii If:.! J
il,l
i d- 1
kited-—:
li’t;
• «!!].;
oh. only.
nl
it-j
ing mei
ey ui
: p: .
(.-' ti’ : ok
t!
111K l *
.’.koiii o
u e t!
■ . rwit
lit !;;r.e lie
■ :
'
;u:-l whj*
U! ! O’
t!
ci: hr-s;■ i; •
kr
:
generous d!sp
)si ■ it'll
t in '.
i 1
1* •
driven into tin
The V (1 < i i
MS- I
an! k*iM
a s a ;
i r, .
. t! ’ n ? the
w
in:m h s
keen
1 i S 1 :1 i
.!. And b
:c
is i
the fact
1
Since
hoe, (
ver
he ! di::!?',
>
: ve j
log tiie Saboath day to Keep it u.jiv,
a,H 111 their honest endeavors o. e :
inove the load of guilt, that presses
1101,11 tins nation, by audio .z , a
brench of this holy day by Law. ° A
iwciy sympathy was also imu.iibsted
in respect to a nation weak auo de
fenceless, and but just emerging f <• nt
•'^statc (i baibarity and heath uisra^
'•■hose lights are threatened to he .m-
mhibtlod. - A petition was then liam-
‘l' 1 ’ ' >ng Congress to repeal sd
much ol the law of die United Sla’cS
respecting the transportation imd «.-
pt-'t big of Mails, us anlli *-iz-. s ihe
t.-i.iispoilalion and opening n*e u x <,<i
Mie .Sabbat!i whicli obtained a \ o.y
respectable number of signers. »Af-
'cr a concise hut lucid history m’ 'ho
;.To"ecdings ol ( engresS and the State
of Eco
t hero!;
gm
■(*«
"ith the nation of die
•vr.s exhibited, a memo*
‘ I was drawn up.enfreatiii< ; Congrc sdt
' > '.toutiii’ii* that friendly proto tio.i to
E e Clierokco nation, which former
).'/ *'^ ks '*' *’i ttnt them to claim.-—
h'! :s Was signed by nearly tin hinJrec)
• j>» r ta! I - inhabitants, as.d th r *il-
<>’ .'csnlutioiis, expressing the s-.r
' D-iwi.to of the meeting, were unaiii*
mo: - sly <|e ,tcd
I. F - .’: solved, tliat inns much as iL
b’ to’Indians have b< •
< ssoi's ; .ud occupants ot the i
!| crcon they now reside, dun
..cmrncmoiiaj, therefore,they u
1 *Rtf*’! ow ners of the soil.
Resolved, that in s much a*
!::" (! never fallen iiiiler die
’.•rnnieiit ol .any State or nation,
1 i.-cr '
i lie
!’( S-
. ii
: me
he
ceased tohe
especially :
:t ‘ I themselves,,
a I'm I’riiahle
hire they he
»• i * • |
dre;}
cm r.:\ —
ij* thrown
or treaty, tin i* r-e
purposes an iruley
:ut- of the cm with the fruits of the j ftrm3 vf ^ ,,,
•' ' y h ' \ ll ’ ! Wo™™- jgxvoui.ne.it oft! e United State
Ii cu Min I). - .-ic and scttl(xt°
i.
n,
s it under
■•!)• ,it Tb si : 'it
i oininanding I'i'-’u
u ini ii.i ve been rep
story as in romane
ii'. :-.:>d generous,
it*. v.>! i
t corseiocs debase-
(*i - hi'..her arid nu rc
U’s
| established, in relation to them,
crons policy, and extended over
11; e.
the
h.:s
gen-
hem
sen. i
wosted:
the little
rupidit V
whites.
-0 IOC
Hid it is inipossi- | r tf this country over Europe, or ap. of
discussion, wilit- its districts, would h. ve b cu »>q m.iy
valid, as a claim creat *d and asserted
on the other side of the "Atlantic over
And mdecH,*lhe very-genius of anv of these regions, f m whatever
■ ' autiiority it might, have em ulated, or
on whatever onsideralions it might
have been f > m led. inde endeul of die
consent of th** occupants. Neither
in moral re* tilude, could a bargain,
dictated h> jb * superior sagacity of
Europeans ovi-i die ignonmee of the
natives, give a fail ami righteous ti
tle. •
Hut hv snfferai ce and bv contract,
European settlements lixve been so
multiplied and extended in these re
gions. and their ponnlation so increas
ed —the knowledge and arts of’ civil-
. ... parental care
''~r so . !ll 'V iif ‘y- (hev wer
Fedm aetlmnt.c j orv
■.to have !/cci) i.o-
nd heroic—to have
me of |i;(* p:;i>> e irtues
in their softest fu;ms. rad their most
j delicate hut* -linve. !>v a |; n. sne-
| eessio'.i of ill-trealmont In the lird it-
1 uni indulAii'iic;* of the le-sor passions
I ol jftnlo isv, res'iiitm* ut. and revenge,
he come di Ifidc.it. sullen, and despe-
j rate Whatever of morol worth and
of moral coura;0 ’!u-y once possessed.
| meriting distinction, stem to have de-
.parted from them forever;—except, i
.on a ad then, w hen roused for a
Moment to tel! the story of their
wrongs, occasion; I gleams and some
startling jCnr.scat ions shoot across
their darkness and then again die
way into night
From the almost utter neglect of
that intellectual and moral culture,
which we have owed them under that
law which forbids us to do injury to
our neighbor, they.have sunk down in
discouragement, and into almost eve
ry species of moral debasement. It
wove morally impossible, that they
should not rise or fall by such, a con
tact; rise if tve had rendered uiiie
ikmu our obligations;—fall, ns they
h..\e done, l y our dolinqueu; y.—
I,' 1
row
(he
main/ ai
seen to he a fallen people.
departed, their NT rs
and i|i<*ir Inst inheritance*
!c ritorv left them l y the
and overitweliing of tiie
a.st d 'iudluig awr y by the
sanio causes—Ike current of public
sympathy began to set in their he,-or.
Public opinion authorized . : e <:emen
ded the lion (is of-n depai i m. nl in our
goverument to ie.stitiite Measures for
their present and future iwntect ion.
So long as our territorial I.orders were
y conquest
|> all intents and
If"!.dent latiun.
] 0. Hi sain d as the
i tiiif- meet big (hot to dieposs* h
j ol their !: nlsliy OjU**, ssive nw.
1" bile they arc* p*: eal*ly p., .
(their several occupations* give
j 'R e.Tci.’ee to surrounding M:
! w o;>:*l be an act cf the highest i
jllee.
i 4 Hrst i.ved. as the opinion of
i meeting, that the article in the Cot
] lotion of the United States, v!
j guarantees to each State the p ; ,
1 i : oii of the existence of any imh
.‘ovornrnent within said Si
of
in
s *
cr
a
(S,
; js-
s
hi
; s t i -
icli
li
en t
!(
ong as our sup!clearv m
relation to the aborigines was so u
estal.lirkcd, and before we hail tim
to drink, that
even tlu* snip
we should ever revet
- l( s ’’ j by on - dei r.-'cs.lo these ontea?
c a land origi ally and rigid fully
resei vaticris
nt easts frern
theirs
• >> setting up government
in tut tin . and cannot look bark to >> t
wliicli was in existence when tie
ronslif nt ion. w as former!.
5- Wlicrefure resolved, as the be
lief ol tins meeting. that Congi' ss will
{ ,']) | have fully complied with Ihe spirit of
I the. eonsitnlion and with their en-
j gage moots to the State o( Georgia to
iise the rigid of s< il when they
ve used their utmost endcuv-
owed l ),1!< ; 1
sliaidi
oi;
to purchase of the Clieroktci
tln ii lands at a fair price,
'i'ailmadgc, Jan. 2Jd, 1830
THE INDIANS.
Public attention lias been direr(ofl,
tely in an especial manner in various
pm that the question is not a ques- jzed life have so prevailed oveg the
„f mrf'i—nr a question, on which ! ignor.mee and consequent imhee.ilily
th - * gi*"!)d lolitienl na.-tfvs ofthe nation j of the Indians, that they liavt* gradual-
tliviih* ex'; shct—hut i simple question i ly resigiu*d ibeir territoi v. and tliem-
of ,''rht —the common cause of human- selves dwindled away, till they have
itv- There may lie,"'here is uii- beemne a weak and dependent peo-
do’ibtedly a di Terence of opinion—j pie, and altogether at the mercy of
led i* is not a question of polic'i,
Peeking onr own advantage in planl-
mg ourselves by their side, and coin- j |,: g j, impeachment of the moral integ-
iu? into tin* midst of them, we were ] ,.j tv f n «hor« and of ourselves—
hound in the.first place, not to injuro j j< woubl be a gioss libel on the na-
(bem;-—and next, .{o do tbcm all tlie; |Jon.
long .a* genera! sympathy,'a seiwi
of Justice, a public eenseienr.e grc- i
crously and promptly pledged enr'
Governnielit and lire nation, and sec-1
otulcd all measures to seen re and dc- |»
fend the remaining possessions and I
th** rights of our red brethren. And parts ol thy United States, to the \ re-
tve have reason to suppose, that all sent condition and future prospects of
measures, which liaie actually been 1 those Indians residing upon and ocru-
tnl*on from lime to time, by Govern- * jiving lands within the chartered limit*
meut'and hy their official agents; for: of the respective States. Pnhlici
these purposes, have been done sin- j meeting!? have been jield in Hartford
• orolv. in honesty, in good faith, t Now York, Pliiladelphia, and perhaps*
The contrary supposition would be a j other places, the objects cf w liieb arq
to do them all the
good in onr power. Hut pursuing on
ly a negative .course in relation to
them, not making them partakers* of
our know ledge, and refinements, a-nd
[To m: CONTINITD.
Frcfli the Western Intelligr-nccr
The attention of the public* having necessary
’ Hnf wo have not only declined
these benevolent, and as appears, o-
bligatory offices, in relation to tho ab
origines,—but we have more or less,
those, whom they first entertained directly or .indirectly, abetted or cin-
the common sense of the term—leav-j unon these shores ns guests, and > ployed physical means for their de-
iiwusn choice between two courses, i whom for ages they he.ld in their pow-< struct ion Mistor** too well attests,
both of which are right in themselves or. either to let live, or exterminate that the mutual and destructive wars
..-hut ono of which is better than the] forever. - I of the Indian tribes, have been, in no
Ami 't should not lie forgotten. tbn ( small degree, fomented or
arts, w as and must be their inevitable lately been di e tul to the sub-
111 m * ject of transpoj'iing and ojfeningthe
to indiico Congress to preserve the
good faith of (he Union towards them,
and to render to them that security,
in Ihe guarantee of the small remnant
of lam] still left in their pcssession,
w hich the gir.sping disposition of tbeir
white Jiretlnen would seem to rci
Moil cn tiie Sabbath, and to the case
of the Cherokee and Creek Indians;
It. .was judged by the inhabitants of
Tallmadge n matter of sutueienl im
portance to call a meeting for the
specific object of petitioning Congress ] Slates will, in this enligblenfed and bu-
relating to these two important sub- , inane age, remove the Indians by force
jeets The meeting was bold * n —thus expelling them from the land
Tuesday the 10ih of Jan. instalit, and j of (heir fathers, and divesting them of
. We apprehend that this sbbject will
prove '» th fi sequel, one of more than
ordinary interest, and it already pt e -
*ents numerous and increasing diflireL
ties. Nq reasonable man acquainted
with the subject, can for a moment be
lieve that (lie government of the U.
fllho - * Hut it is a question of mor-j And't should not lie forgotten. tbn< small degree, fomented or remotely w as well attendee’. Hut one sentiment j birth-right given to them liv the Cod of
jditv — o<* r 'ligion- •o'xtween right and the means, by which Ihe present lords caused hv their w hite neigh’ers, i '*rvaded M:c whole assembly All e- j Nature. They have ftcm rur go* t
.^yiong—rto be decided by the iiuoiuta- ] of this precious heritage hare gained | And often they have been challenged [vinted a laudable zeal in remember* ttnont the most sglcniu assurance# Irj