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** * v
CHDIIOEEE PHfEHSX, A
ADVOCATE
PRINTED VUpftK THE fAtRONACE, AND FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE CHEROKEE NATION, AND DEVOTED TO THE CAUSE OF INDIANS — i;. EOLD1NOTT, EL»T( It
VOL. III.
MTiSW SCHOTA, SATURDAY MAY 15, 1830.
c*v.rwBSMWn
NO. 4,
1 miSTF.D WBFKf.Y BY
> JNO. F. WIIEELER,
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VAR DCJ.lioSIvc^a.
AGENTS FOIL THE CHEROKEE
PHIENIX.
The following persons are authorized to
tcceive subscriptions and payments for the
Cherokee .Phoenix.
Messrs. Pf.iucf. ft Williams, No. 20
Market St. Boston, Mass.
George M. Tracy, Agent of the A. B.
G. F. M. New York.
Iter. A. D. Eddy, Canandaigua, N. Y.
TifOMtS H\stinos, Utica, N. Y.
Poet.inn Ft. Converse, Richmond, Va.
l'cv. Jones Cv.ipbsll, Beaufort, S. C.
. William Moultrie Reid, Charleston,
■%. C.
Col. Geoear. Smith, Statesville, W. T.
Jeremiah Austil, Mobile, Ala.
Rev. Cyrus Kingsbury, Mayhevv, Choc
taw Nation.
Capt. Wieeiam Robertson, Augusta,
Georgia. ...
Col. James Turk, Bdlcfonte, Ala.
SKT5IA1TS.
* __
Extracts of a teller from Jno. !>,. Allan.
sub-agent for Ciiicka&tuos, dated llli
February, 1851).
“In conformity with yours of the
*29lh February, to give the Depart
i ment of War the information of which
! I may he in possession, touching the
.Condition of (lie Indians within the
Chickasaw agency. .
“They (the Chickasaws) have n
plenty of horses of a superior quali
ty, or at least well adapted to the
a use of the Indians; thov use them on
: til eir farms with much less food than
is generally given those animals that
arc raised and used by the.whites;
and when travelling through their
country, they travel from thirty to
fifty miles per day; never feed them,
hut let them subsist entirely on what
4 grass or cane they, can procure for
themselves when hobbled out at a
Right.
“They have large herds of cattle,
4j swine, sheep, and goats, and poultry
of every description that arc in use
^generally, in that section of country.
\ The country is well watered, and is
well adapted to the culture of cotton,
icorfi, wheat, oats, peas, potatoes,
gleans, & fi *
“Cotton, beef, and pork, are the
{principal, articles for transportation.
There will he cotton exported from
| the nation this year, probably to the
* ' ‘umotint of 1000 hales; beef and pork
to no inconsiderable amount.
“The proceeds from the sales of
1 tpotton, horses, beef, cattle, hogs, <$-c.
after retaining a sufficiency for their
home consumption,. Is generally ap
plied to the purchase of necessaries
and luxuries of life; to wit: slaves,
sugar, and coffee; as well as dry
goods of various descriptions, which
are calculated to render them com
fortable, and ivnrment their persons.
-“The come wbenth^r no
I
longer depend on the rifle for sup
port, but it is used more for their re
creation and amusement, than for the
means of sustenance.
“Every family cultivates the earth
more, or less, as his (hirst for gain, oi
his imaginary or real wants incsr.ase.
“Much to the honor of the Chick
asaw's, for the last eight years, the
practice of the inen, requiring the wo
men to perform all the labor in the
fields is much changed; the men now,
(with a few exceptions) cultivate the
earth themselves, while the female
part of the family is engaged in their
household affairs. They spin, weave,
make their own clothing, milk cows,
ing with the whiles; and, if they j be made on your requisition, if neces-
were made so by law, all the officers |*ary.
of the law would be composed of* JOHN FORSYTH.
make butter, cheese, &c. They
keep thcmsulvcs decent and dean,
and, in many Instances,. particular at
tention is paid to fashions that arc in
use by tiie whites.
“It is their constant practice lo
appear in their best apparel at their
public meetings, also, wlicn they vis
it the country villages in the white
settlements.
“Many of the Cbicknsnws profess
Christianity. I attended a Camp
meeting in November last, at the
missionaries; divine worship was per
formed alternately by the white and
white men; and, as (hey were unskill
ed in law suits, and the whites would
be partial to each other, they had no
belief that they would be able to with
stand the encroachments of the whites
upon them;rind, if they did attempt
it, that in a few yeai-3 they would not
have a vestige of property left, con
sequently they would exchange their
country for any they could get, rather
than, ns they conceive, lose their na
tive freedom.”
DOCUMENTS
I!dating to the boundary line, between the
Cherokees nnd Creeks.
'[Cuhtinuc.il.]
12 May f 182%.
Sip,—Mr. Gaine arrived this ^Dro
ning with your communication, author
izing me to run and mark a line along
the Creek path to the boundary line,
which will he done if (hr surveying
party are not arrested. We are now
about 15 miles on the line .from Sa-
wanah Old Town, to the Sixes old
Town, and as yet have mot with no
interruption in our progress. An ex
press immediately however lips been
languages; and, for the first time, I
savy the sacrament taken by the In
dians. Every tiling was conducted
with,the lit most good ol der and de
corum.
“As a nation, the men are brave
red men, in the English and Indian j despatched to the Agent, CqJ, Mont
gomery, l>y the half breed, for an au
thority ;fpr our arrest, and those, indi
viduals living on the west side of (hr
Cliattahoocliy, say that we will he
stopped before the survey is complet
ed; if we arc, we can probably he re-
and honest. The women, (the half | Ijeve.d by a habeas corpus. The re-
meeds in particular) are beautiful j !, 1 Indians appear indifferent about the.
and virtuous; nnd, 1 am of the opinion ! survey, and were it not liiat they arc
that there has been greater advance
ments in civilization, i.itlio Inst eight
years, than there Was in twenty pre
vious.
• I think (he present state of educa
tion does not meet the wish *s or ex-
to a considerable extent undir the in
finance of the whites and half breeds
living amongst iliem. I bnliovo they
Col. S. A. Wales.
Tuesday, February 18, 1829.
Ordered, that Col. Samuel A.
Wales be, and he is hereby appointed
commissioner to superintend the tra
cing and remarking of the line be
tween the Creeks and Cherokees
within this State prior to the last
Treaty of'Cession by the Creeks,
from Sawanuh Old town on the Cliat-
lahoocliy, to Six’s old town on the
Hightower, having authority to em
ploy a competent surveyo, and such
assistance as may ho necessary. The
surveyor and other assistants to he
paid by the State, such sums for
(heir labor as may he agreed upon
with the Commi$«'i^Rorr The Com
missioner will be allowed at the rate
of $5 per diem, and bis reasonable ex
penses while employed.
Milledreville, April 2, 1829.
Sip. -I received your fetter of (he
10th ult and regret ltd that your pro
fessional engagements prevented you
from immediate attention (o the am-
the
iny present object i6 to request li.;,t
you will be pleased to notify him,
that it will be unnecessary for him to
visit the Cherokee Nation, as no g„„d
could possibly result from it. J„ 0
position prevented me from goin* , 0
the Creek Nation, where pnbv.ns
General Coffee can go, and where f
hope he may he able to do some good
I have the honor to be
'Your obedient Servant,
u r r ' VM CARROLL,
ms lux. John Forsyth.
Augusta September 1G 1829
Sir—Vour letter of (be 3d of AG-
gust was .onvarded to me from (he
seat of Government, and received (hi?
morning. A copy of (hat part of it
which ielites lo General Coffee of
he iinC3t ’fi'aleIy trans-
•HlerToTimi as thT most
mode of complying with your requests
regret to find that the Che okceft
contemplate rn appeal to Congress a-
gainst the right of (he State to exer
cise its sovereign authority within iti,
territorial limits—Such an appeal
may produce angry discussions, but.
can in no event he useful to (he Tribe
Ex ecu- I or . ,0 a“.v °- f the individuals beloii
to it.
b rili fe
I am, w ith great respeef, .
Your obedient Servant,
poive
considerable number of ivliites have
peetalions of the chiefs and headmen I moved and still are moving over and
of the nation. j settling on (be disputed land. The
“Education is confined generally ! occupants coinplain of their intrusion
to the half breeds and youths general- ! nnd conduct. May I be permitted to
ly of the first promise. There arc, i suggest to your excellency, the pro
ut this time, several viiiitc men tlmt I priety of removing ilicsc Indians, and
have identified (hmnsclves will) tlie j to adept some measure to prevent
Indians, by marriage, and several 11' 10 whites from encroaching on the
bali breeds that have sufficient cilu-; settlers, until the dispiifc is finally ad-
cation lo enable them to transact a -.justed; such a course would tend to
eon ider ible portion of the business j Mlsy (be excitement that exists lien
moots of your professional business
as wet permit you to devote the ear-
lies! time to ibis public coiueni. 1
cannot apprcliuiid that yon xy ill he
molested by the Cherokees—If there
is a well grounded apprehension ol
„ danger you will inform me immediate-
would rendei the. surveying parly al! a, ‘ l * 'be necessary protection will
the assistance in their power. A 1 JC oflorueo to you and your party
mission given to you , tJ , ;1W a.aci.u- i
live. Under the expectation that !
you will prccpe,d to the execution tf!
the task confided to you as early as j
practicable. I have, after great he&if-j JOHN FORSY TH,
alien, determined not to make auolli- '• ^ r ' x - h.t.iam Carroll
ei ippi'intment, but to rely upon yoni | ^hrpsr, AJarion County, Tennessee*.
known zeal to make such arrange - i w, vv< .> pu
» iw.ans *tRi:v, Haul County GaV
for the nation.
1 Thu municipal laws of the Chiek-
asaws consists in written lows or rcs-
nmougst the Indians against the State
of Georgia,and would. I.have no doubt,
have h kcnellcial influence in the
olutions, commanding that which is j procurement of (lie remainder of thp
right.^prohibiting that which they con- ! I:U1( I * !1 chartered limits of the
ceive tq be wrong. Their laws are
few, easily understood, and rigidly en
forced, and are highly calculated to
promote peace and good order among
themselves.
“As I have already mentioned the
stale of agriculture, I have only now
to say something on the subject of tho
mechanic arts, (he knowledge of
which is confined to white men that
have identified themselves with tho
Indians, particularly of tho highest
grade proposed among them; to wit:
house carpenters, wheelwrights, mill
wrights, blacksmiths, &c. Al! tiie
arts necessary for farming use, stock
ing ploughs, helving axes, hors, mak
ing slides, truck wheels, draw’ bars,
calcs, &c. is generally confined to
the common Indians and slaves.
“The Chiekasaws bring surround
ed by the white inhabitants, I have
found it a difficult matter to restrain
the whites from violating the inter
course law, by driving their stock o-
vrr the line upon the Indian land, mnk
Stale,
S. A. WALES.
11 is Ex. John Forsyth.
Milledgeville, Feb. 18, 1829.
Dear Sir—Your report and the
evidence collected by you, having
been examined, I have conceived it
proper lo have the Old Creek and
Cherokee boundary line traversed arid
marked from Sawnnah Old Town to
Sixes Old Town. You have hern ap
pointed Commissioner to superintend
this work ns you will find by the in
closed document. Authority being
given to you to procure a surveyor,
and the requisite assistance, you will
observe the following instructions—
Contracts w ith the surveyor and all
other persons employed by you, must*
be specific, so much per time, and on
tho most reasonable terms while engag
ed in (he public service. If the line lias
been already marked, ns I presun e it
lias, not much labor in marking ii will
be necessary, the object of the Gcn-^
oral Assembly being not to mark n
„ by
the State.
JNO. FORSYTH.
Col. S. A. Wales.
AI/lledgeville 5 May 1829.
Sir — A letter lias been received
from Mr. Thomas, the siirvexo-,
written with your approbation and
concurrence, suggesting that the true
1 Itii November, 1829.
.Sir, We take the liberty of ad
dressing you on the subject of hound-'
aty between the Creeks and Clieres
Fees, as it is understood that Col.-
Coffee of Alabama has been appoint
ed a Commissioner lo c-oMoel tes:U
lll0 »y , ; <;s j ,0( 'Ug said boundary J' m
ibe information of several men o! ic-
spoclaLility living near where th*
line inns, we have no doubt in staling
that it the following men are called
on lo give evidence, that d e lb c
.-ould be well established to run firm*,
Saw a no h Old Town on Cliatta|,o 0 ( by
river, known as the Old Red Lank
I own. The men to call on tor evi-
1 , ' oil UII ior cvi*
line between the Creeks and Chero.- cence are Jack Right, Sleepy Mari
keos on the other side of Hightower, i al! ^ George W. Fre< man, nil of w I •• rr;
ing settlements, trading with tiie In- permanent boundary lino, but only to
ilians in a manner that is prohibited leave the line marked with sufficient
by law., as well as n'tealing their no
grows, horses, cattle, &c.; hut I am
proud to liave it in my power to say
that those white persons who are so
troublesome to the Indians are general
ly men of the lowest grade & dregs of
society. Such men as are always un
willing to conform to the laws that
govern the civilized world.”
“They, (the principal chiefs) stat
ed that If the laws were extended o-
ver <Vin. they had no belief that they
would bo placed upon an c^ual fc\pl-
dfstinctncss to enable the officers of
the General .Government who shall he
sent to have the Cherokees and other
Indians removed above it, to ascer
tain where it is. Your immediate at
tention to this business is expected,
and as early a report after the work
is finished as practicable The Sur
veyor must furnish you with a map of
the lino traced, describing the course
nnd distances, nnd the manner in
which it has been marked nnd re
marked. An advance of money will
was from the junction of the Oost.cn-.
alah and Hightower along the Creck-
path lo tbe Tennessee. In support
of this opinion he quotes (he veiy sat
isfactory letter of General Jackson to
the Secretary ol War, dated the dth
of June, 18IG. The object of the
Gmcral Assembly in adopting the
resolutions under uhnh you pro act
ing was to have the true lino between
the Cherokees and Creeks within our
jurisdiction sun eyed and marked.—
Afier runnirg and marl ing w ith suf
ficient distinctness, the line from Sa-
wanali Old Town to the Sixes Old
Town, you will consider yourself au
thorised to run tlie true line be
yond, beginning at the mouth of (lie
Hightower ami Oostanalali, along tfio
Creek path to whore it crosses our
boundary line.
JOHN FORSYTH.
Col. S. A. Wales.
Marion County, Tennessee,
August 51, 1829.
Sir—I have spent most of the Inst
three weeks in the Cherokee Nation,
endeavouring to persuade them to re
move west ol the Mississippi, raid I
am sorry to say that I have been una
ble to effect, though I believe (hat
some good has resulted from my vis
it, in conciliating their feelings. If
Congress rejects their memorials on
the subject of the late Georgia Law,
claiming jurisdiction over its territo
ry within its chartered limits, it w ill,
I have little doubt produce the de
sired treaty. Nothing else save pow
er, or such a measure will. Just be
fore my departure from Nashville, I
was informed by the Secretary of
War,, that General Coffee of your
State, had been appointed to unite
with me in the visit to the Cherokees
and Creeks. I have not had ibe plea
sure ef seeing or hearing from him.
and not knowing w.lifere he resides,
live near, the old trail and know it as
the old Ime between the (wo radons
wl.icli will strike Etoivah river six'
miles above (he line run by ( ol
YY ales, including some valuable set*
dements of Land, (hat was left out bV
Col. Wales. J
Yours Respectfully,
ELI M’CONNELL,
^ RICHARD YV1NN.
IIis Ex. G. R. Gjlmor.
Account of the, settlement of the Che 'df
kecs in (!« neighborhood of the Crete %
as^ stated in a council held at T *n
lehlut, January 11, 1818- S.vt
A lush and Shoe Jioof his Mtlcrprclcf
Cherokees, both of whom were prefenK
at lnc first Council between the ruc
tion's.
The whites run them from where,
they formerly lived to Auhtican, a
J own in the upper Creek Country.,
where the Creeks told (hem (olive in
their Country and raise their children.
1 hat the Chiefs now present were
(kcic at (he first 1 alk in peaceable
times before the whites-rand Chert*-
kees had any fighting. The Creek's
owmed all the land up to the head of
Coosa riter, and all (ho waters of
the Coosa. .Ihptthe Tennessee Wr's
the Cherokee river nnd tliejr lands
joined on the dividing Ridge. In
former times on the Clintfoochy the
Cherokees claimed ns low dow n ns a
river which empties into it railed
Choky river,, since then tljpy were
told by (he Cowc(nn King tha( (hey
might livens low down as (lie Cmty-
hee mountain, hut that dJieit young
men now claimed as low down as (lie
Hog mountain, although they have no
claim lo it. The . foregoing is the
substance of a talk delivered by (he
<dd Cherokee Chief Sour Mush, in
the presence of a deputation < f Chen*
rAre Chiefs of whom lie w as nt (U«
bead, ‘oad 'interpreted by the