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V.
people of the east, as to violate our
faith, ami strike this fatal blow upon
this defenceless and unfortunate race.
I consider their fate as sealed. 1 hey
are destined to become extinct. As
long as they occupy a single section
of land which tempts the cupidity of
any white man, means will bo devised
to wrest it from them.
“We pledge ourselves to guaranty
them a title beyond the Mississipi and
what is our guaranty? The rights of
the Cherokeos. Now these treaties
are all void, because they coniliet
with “state sovereignty” And when
ivo shall want the country thus “guar
antied,” we shall find some other pre
text, equally ridiculous, to take it. I
reflect, with solemn awe, upon our
treatment of these remnants of this no
ble race. These “savages” have had
no one to tell their tale. In our nu
merous wonderous conflicts with thorn,
from our first settlement of the coun
try they have had no Tacitus, no histori
an, to rehearse their wrongs; it has
been all exparle—all a one-sided affair.
The account is fairly and impartially
registered in Heaven, and 1 tear the
balance is sadly against us.
Mr. Sanford proposed an amend
ment embracing the Indians in New
York, See. the preemtive right to
Xvhoso lands belonged to the slate; that
whenever the state could purchase
them out, the United States should as
sign them lands in the west, these In
dians to lie removed at the expense of
the states where they are located.
This amendment was advocated by
the mover, and by several of the
southern members, to propitiate New
York: but it was readily pereieved
that this would be, in effect, a donation
to a state, and constitutional scruples
immediately rushed into the heads of
the. rcstnclionisls, and New \ ork lost
the boon. Mr. Frelingliuysen, and
Mr. Sprague, severally offered a-
niondments, tho object of which was
to require an observance of treaty stip
ulations, bill these were negatived;
and the Senate of the United States,
27 to 20, has thus, in the faco of their
constituents, and the world, denied the
faith of treaties] The House will, I
fear, concur, and this is an effect of
the “great moral and political revolu
tion” which was accomplished in the
election of Jackson.”
jjwmuinawgMa— — —i a n mr— ' ■ —
ciusRdkjfliTtHMifi^ i v.
NEW ECIIOTA: MAY 22, 1H30.
Manv oftlie ppople of G-orgia are ju= t
waiting lovtlie first ctay oi June, io uegm
a work upon the Cherokeos. Their first
onset will he on the leading men, suppos
ing that if they are ousted, others will o ( -
course follow. Having this object in
view, plans are already matured to break
up a number of individuals in the nation.
We upderstand there are false notes and
false acoounts made up, to the amount ot
several thousand dollars, against Messrs.
Ross, nidge, Vann, &c. and that some
time in June, the Sheriff of Carroll County
xvill make his descent on these men. If
tve know anything of the feelings of these
Cherokees, we believe they would first see j
their property go by piecemeals, before
they would run to the western country for
shelter.
The intruders are not yet removed, & we
know not when they will be,If they are ev
er to be removed . The number of the gold
diggers is accumulating daily, and it is
said they speak rather lightly of the troops.
It is estimated that not less than ten thous
and dollaYs worth of Gold is dug every day
by these men. This is undoubtedly a mod
erate estimate. What is then the whole a-
mount which has been carried away hy the
permis<eon of the Government? We say
permission, for we can conceive no way
H’h.Y they should have continued so long in
their unlawful occupation, without being
in the least molested. If they dig $10,000 a
day, and supposing they have been em
ployed 150 lavs, the sum of one million,
five hundred thousand dollars has been ta
ken away from the poor starving and na
ked Cherokees! So much for government
honesty, fair dealing, and justice. If hu-
tnanity to the Indians (to which many
hypocritically lay claim) is the order of
the day, let the sum be returned to these
“poor devils” to save them from starvation
and nakedness.
Among the many circumstances, which
Induce us to believe, that, the Govermont
has been conniving at this public robbery
are the following, which are worthy of no
tice. Sometime since, the agent of the U-
nited States, Col. Montgomery, warned
these miners off, and threatened to prose
cute them under the intercourse law. Ma-
CHEROKEE PHOENIX AXD INDIANS’ ADVOCATE.
ny took the alarm and left the nation, h
is well known the agent did not prosecute
them. We have also been informed from
a source which induces us to make it pub
lic, that soon after the return of the agent
from Georgia, bis son-in-law, Mr. Hard
wick, w ho lives next door to him, and wc
believe is under the protection oftlie agen
cy, was seen, with a number of hands, dig
ging for gold, with ihe intruders. If it
should turn out that we have been misin
formed, we shall do ourselves the pleasure
of making proper correction.
We did not receive our Washington pa
pers tliis week, but from a letter of our
correspondent, dated 4th inst. we learn
that the “Indian Bill” was not yet taken
up in the House.
Cherokee Nation, 14th May, 1830.
Mr. IIouoinott, Editor of the Cherokee
Pli < nix.
Dear Sir—We are betrayed in tire
Senate of the United States, of which
wo have received certain information
by letters from our Delegation. Mr.
FrtTingliuysen’s amendments, to the
resolutions of the committee on Indian
Affairs in which our rights agreeable
to treaty were comprehended have
been voted down, hy 27 voles to 20.
The simple question in a form of an
amendment, will you he governed by
treaties you have made with the In
dians? was also voted down by the
like vote! Our apprehensions that
the subject would be moulded into a
party question, are now realized be
fore, us. In Ihe House of Represen
tatives, we may presume tho same
result. While the spear thrown hy
Jaekson’sParty in the Senate, is quiv
ering in our sides, a.'d our hearts’ blond
is flowing a pace, wo have the conso
lation to know that we are defended,
so far ns that defence con go, by such
men as Frelingbuysen, Sprague and
Robbins, and the tears ofehrislians
and all good men mingle with ours in
this our day of sufferings. In a trial
of this kind, where, (aside from Po
litical influence) strong interests de
pend in the rdsiilt, and which are foil
and supported by a portion of the
Judges, tve may apprehend the ver
dict to lie given in their own behalf
Such were the character of the votes
of Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee,
Mississippi, North Carolina, Indiana
and Illinois, who afforded on this oc-
<.oo;o» t a n n ,t„„< r.».»
27 leaves 13 disinterested votes n-
gainst us, and gives us 7 votes majori
ty of the same character, which is a
fair commentary of the strength of our
vmise DtMore an impartial tribunal, il
any can be found in these United
States.
Our correspondent will please to excuse
us from publishing his entire piece. Al
though bis remarks arc strictly correct,
yet it would be, we conceive, a deviation
from our rule of forbearance and modera
tion to express truth with severity, even
when it is richly deserved, as in the pres
ent ease.
Our correspondent comments upon a
toast which was drank by Senator Ilayne
of South Carolina, at the late political din
ner served in Washington. It is certainly
a curiosity, considering the gentlemen who
drank it, and the time and place when it
was drank. Senator Hayne; who in a
few days was to give his vole in a case of
momentous importance,on which, perhaps,
depended the destiny of a whole people,
drinking the following toast, before the
President of the United States, and the
principal leaders of the party, was indeed
a matter of astonishment. What was the
nature of his vote when it was given?—
When party spirit lias such an a ccndcncy,
it is time to tremble for liberty and justice.
But here is the toast:
“The Slate of Georgia. By the
firmness and energy of her Troup,
she lias achieved one great victory,
for state rights; the wisdom and elo
quence of her sons, will secure her a-
nollier proud triumph, in the councils
of the Nation.
Drank with great applause.”
Our correspondent next comments upon
the speech of Mr. Wayne on the occasion.
We insert the following sentence:
“Then Wayne expressed thanks,
spoke of Revolutionary deeds done by
Georgia, who nobly, //io’ last, joined
in the opposition to Britain, but neg
lected to tell that she was the first
and only one that did submit and was
conquered!"
If an impartial tribunal had decided a-
gainst us, our feelings would have been
different from what they are now— But wc
know party spirit has given the verdict—
we therefore perfectly agree with our cor
respondent in what follows?
Mr. Editor, we Inow that General
Jackson’s reputatioi would be blasted
forever, if a majority of his friends
did not sustain^ his reputation in his
construction of Indian rights. Here
is the doctrine and plan disclosed in a
report made by Senator Benton.—
“Those who make tie President must
support him, their aolitical fate be
comes identified and they must stand
or fall together. Right or wrong,
they must support him.” This is the
language of patty spirit which has or
ganized power to trample on our rights.
What the people will say to this wc
know not. and it is not material to
know. This Nation lias intelligence
enough to know that the Government
oftlie United Stales is a sentimental
Government, and that they under ev
ery oppression and aggriovance will
show to tho American public, by ev
ery fair and peaceable moans, their
op| ressed condition and ask for pro
tection. So long as wo live we w ill
demand at their door, the useand en
joyment of that liberty the/ profess
to love. Can wc demand this in vain?
Tho majesty of freemen, and their
disposition to render justice, we be
lieve t» be our security and the rock
of our refuge. Wc still hope.
Washington City, 3rd May, 1830.
Very Dear Sir—Your letter dat
ed 14Hi ult. I had the pleasure of re
ceiving yesterday. It gives us much
satisfaction to hear from our homes
and friends at this distance, and after
so long an absence. We know too,
they lira anxio is to bear from us.—
They have long been kept in painful
suspense as to their fate. Public ex
pectation has been raised to a high de
gree. All eyes IlilVe been turned to
the present Congress; and there our
hopes have rested as upon ihe rock
and pillar of our safely Fond antici
pations have been cherished in the
justice and magnanimity oi the "con
gregated wisdom” of the American
people. While we have held ionii to
ilicm and to tlie world our solemn trea
ties, our barriers against oppression,
we have consoied ourselves in ilie san
guine belief that the spun of Wash
ington and Jefferson, which si ill
breathes upon the face of those solemn
pledges, would still prevail with tneir
successors and descendants, liul nI^*
i,I,*? i.ook back *h e 2dtn of
April, and you will sue grave Senators
turning with contempt upon these poor
children of the forest, placed under
thoir kind und a dear ear
to their humble and humiliating cries
for justice. See these ill-fated beings
'•■olcily thrust aside with all their claims
for justice and humanity. See them
thrown upon the mercy of a loo w hose
persecuting edict has long since gone
forth, and under whose power wrongs
have already been consummated upon
our innocent heads; and created a
dark forebodings of the future. Ex
pectation has hien* .raised, but
to he disappointed;—Bright prospects,
lobe blighted; and loud hopes cherish
ed, to be crushed, but not extinguished.
The people oftlie United Stales have
not yet said to the Cherokees “w-c
have only promised to deceive you,
and noiv since we have grown strong
and you weak, our pledges, you bold
in your hands, are void. They are not
to bind us long'.r. They are worth—
NOTHING!!” When they in the
majesty of their strength and greatness
shall rise up and declare tis a people
no longer, llien will afir appeals he si
lenced; then shall wo be prepared to
meet our fate. Their sentiments
have not governed the majority of the
Senate, but a spirit I pray lloaven,
may never enler the Coun.ils of our
people so long as they are a people.
Let us then remain firm, and united in
our efforts, pursuing that course of for
bearance toward our enemies that
prudence and moderation will dictate.
Giving no cause lor complaint and ex
ception to tlie w'ise and good, and
spurning with indignant feelings him
who will sacrifice his own and his
country’s weal, to gain a paltry sum
of filthy lucre. Let us prove to the
world that os Cherokees, we know our
rights, and as men we feel (he evils
of injustice; and although power may
crush our liuinhle institutions and
shackle us with the chains of oppres
sion, yet will we still breathe (lie
healthy air of our ow r n mountains, and
proclaim from their tops, that justice
—that Heaven* born spirit, is banished
from civilized society and Govern
ment, and innocence fallen a victim
and sacrifice to civilized atrocity and
avarice. ✓
We have, my dear sir, fallen upon
strange times. The old adage that a
‘new broom sweeps clean,’ it seems
will he sadly verified in our case, for
the new administration has been scrub
bing bard to clear, and relieve us, not
of impediments to our welfare, but
our most sacred rights and enjoyments.
It is even held a crime and punishable
in the Georgia penitentiary for an hon
est Cherokee to counsel and advise his
neighbor for his good! But it is a
charitable and Christian act to des
patch agents to our Nation to persuade,
promise largely, threaten, utter false
hoods, and even move upon the poor
Indian “in the. line of liis prejudices,”
“by large offers,” (to use the phrase
oftlie very Hon. Secretary who tried
its effects to liis disappointment,) and
all for what? Why to compel this
poor Indian to commit an act contrary
to his will and better judgment, pre
judicial to himself and country’s inter
est, and probably his ultimate ruin,
merely to grtlify the insatiable anxie
ty of Georgia to oust the Cherokees of
their cultivated possessions, contrary
to law and justice! No: not exactly
contrary to law, for they have thought
best to enact laws that our oppression
may be conducted systematically! But
see the admirable consistency, and
acute perception between right and
wrong; the legislature of Georgia de
clare it a crime and punishable for an
Indian to do good; and the Executive
of the United Stales hold that it is
right and just to do ail Indian wrong if
it is thought that it may turn out to his
benefit. /Surely the clear and philo
sophical principles of the learned Pa-
ley are coming fast into disrepute a
mong the reformers of the present age.
Be it so. The tocsin of alarm may
sound from the walls of Georgia’s pris
on; Executive denunciations heralded
forth hy its ‘organ,’ and a formidable
phalanx of Troups arrayed, yet will I
say, and do say, let us remain upon
our own lands, and think not of Arkan
sas as a homo--never; and let the
traitor look to his safety; and here if
treaties arc not binding, wc shall have
no more. Let it not be said that the
Cherokees ever sold tho Inst spot of
earth, where lie mouldering in dust,
the hones of many a sire, to gratify civ
ilized rapacity, and to hasten thoir
own destruction. We know well
(I.. .. ia in/ nbiuing place in the west
for us, il forced from our present and
lovely abode. Our neighbors need
not he uneasy at our determination
to remain; vve have no warriors. They
‘eiI under the gallant Jackson. Wo
hnveprnycd for justice; and wc are
prepared to meet our doom.
nfjni-rwii~ATBi mn iw»iinn« n n — »
rOEBIGN.
GEORGIA LAWS.
We copy tlie following extracts
from the speeches of Mr. Peel and
Mr. Brougham, in the British Parlia
ment, in order that our leaders may
know the opinion which is entertained
of the justice oftlie Laws oi Georgia,
in other countries.—Pong. Int.
On the 23d of Fobuary, Lord John
Russel brought forward his motion to
allow Birmingham, Manchester, and
Leeds, to send each two Members to
Parliament. Mr. II. Twiss, and Mr.
Peel opposed (lie measure; the latter
gentle man spoke to the following ef-
leei:—
When the subject of Universal Suf
frage occured to his mind, he could
not help being struck with a question
put to him last night, by the Hon.
Member lor Clare, relative to a stale
in another country, which had the ad
vantage of Oniversal Suffrage in its
lull extent. He begged to be„rt»der-
stood that lie had great respect for
America and for its institutions, and it
was not from any desire to raise a pre
judice or draw invidious distinctions
against any one of its States that he
now made a comparison between its
representation and that of England.—
He was asked whether, in the state of
Georgia, certain measures had not
been adopted on the subject of quaran
tine, and he (Mr. P.) could not help
reflecting, at the time, that (he en
actment referred to, was made in a
land, and passed in an assembly elect
ed by universal suffrage.—[Criisof
“No, no.”] Ho understood that eve
ry man in the state of Georgia had a
right to vote.—[Cries of No, none
but whites.] His meaning was that
every free man had a right to vote at
the election of a Representative, and
that entitled him to say that the as
sembly was elected by universal suf
frage. In alluding to the subject ho
was willing tmmake allowance for th e . ' ,
eebng which must prevail in a coun- *
Hy "here slavery was established;
but still he did no t think that if the
same state ofcircumstnnces existed in
any place for which a British Mouse
ot Commons was to legislate, that ,
such a law would have been suffered
to pass. He found it enacted in that i
otatc, that if any slave or free person '
of colour should circulate or bring into ■
circulation any written or printed '
paper inciting the slaves to insubordin-, ;
ation against their masters, lie should .
be punished with death. The second
enactment was still more painful, and
hy that if. was provided, that i,f any
slave or free person of colour should •
(each a slave to read or Write, the
same should he punished by whipping
and c onfinement; and if a white person,
by a fi e of$500, and imprisonment in
the common gaol. Now making eve
ry allowance for the influence of those
feelings which arise from the posses
sion of slaves, still he was convinced
that the British House of Commons,
though neither elected on the principle
of annual Parliaments nor of unive.r- >
sal suffrage, would long pause before ",
it could be induced to make such an
Act, ifil bad tho power to do so, for
Jamaica, or any of its West India
Islands.
Mr. BROUGHAM said the Right
Hon. Secretary bad referred toanact
of the legislature of Georgia. Hold- 1
mg in the highest respect and es
teem his brethren in Ameri
ca* ho deeply lamented that there
should exist , on the statute book of -
one of Ihe stales of the Union, so dis
graceful a set of regulations as those
which had been mentioned; but that
they proved any thing, whatever, n-
gaiust parliamentary reform he utter-
ly denied. It was because the black
people of Georgia had not only no pow
er to be chosen to the Legislature,
but bad not amongst them, one single
voice in the choice of the Legisla
ture—it was for this reason, and (his
reason alone, that (he page blackened
in our sight, and that we condemned ,
the Legislature of Georgia. What
was (he horrible -what was the un
speakable iniquity of the Legislature
of which we complained? It was, tlioti ,
they had enacted the most cruel enpri-
ninl unjust |/ennllios—agaiiwt
nliom? Against themselves—(heir
constituent — tho men whom they re
presented? No such tiling—but a*
gainst (lie men whom tliev did not rep-
.,.,,..1 ......:..„< <1.,. mu, one ol 'i
"'bom they would allow ever to raise
Ids voice, even to a whisper, upon nnv
ono public measure, but, least of all,
upon that public measure which alone
made the case applicable to the pr$$
sent inquiry.
DOSTCSISTJC*
RIGHTS OF BLACKS IN MICTII- 1
GAN.
A law of Michigan provides, that
every black or mulatto person who
shall come to reside in the territory,
shall, within one year, produce a ccr-
tifieate of his freedom, from some
court in the United States, and for
bids every such person from settling in
the territory unless within twenty
days lie enters into bond, with one or
name freehold sureties, in the penal
sum of $500, conditioned lor the good
behaviour of such black or mulatto
person, and moreover to pay for his
support in case he should bo found in §
any township of tho territory unable to I
support himself. If any black or mu- •!
Intto is found who has not complied
with these provisions, il is made the du- ’
ty of the overseers oftlie poor to re
move him from the territory, and if he
returns, lie is to be sent to the house of
correction ns an idle and disorderly .
person, to be employed at hard labor
not exceeding three months, or whip- / f
ped not exceeding ten stripes, at the
discretion oftlie court.
Wc are pleased to learn that tliist
law lias for some lime been so unpopu
lar with the people of Michigan, that *
it lias not been enforced, and that ef~ ;
forts are now being made to procure "j
ils repeal. The Grand Jury of
Wayne County, in their presentment, jf
at the January term of the Circuit j
Court, after reciting (lie offensive
sections oftlie law, make the following
just remarks:
Upon a mature consideration oftlie
provisions of the above mentioned law, '
we are of the opinion that no such law’ *
ought to exist, or he enforced in a
free republican country: that tho-j
constitution and the principles of civil