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B mimiS’ ADVOCATE*
■•. .ji,
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VOIi. JEtfc
V’IUN’Tk'P U»DFm THE ANfV’FOli‘^lir. BENEViT OF THE CIlEROKi’.E -NATIOJjj
THE CAUSE OF , NUIANS.*—E* LUlDlSOTI'i fcllltvii.
J
— -
*TBW EGHOTA, SATURDAY lUHZ ij, 1330.
ncrauajasa’Sfi
*0
. rru^TEt) wt;fki.t jsr ,-* v ; ' I UitFlr.'.refiisftJU- -tp sn^Abt them to
'l-Pldv'P. AVIJIJKIjER/ * Jj^hV soveicigtitj- mul ; legislation.-r
kv>.a aC. _l. The il<m.***3e6&fiii i s (Mr. White,) who
yesterifgy aUciccssetl the’Senate, /mind
>aai4 iu advance, £& in- sk
r 4» ti&Qr paift at the- end o the
•1
Months, ,or A
Wear ,•*.£*" . ' ' ! '•
( TasiibsCribets .who can read .Only tii6
Cherokee language*h4 print? will, fie‘#2,00*
in advance, (h' #i,6{TtP be. paid Within the
"'-•*««* •. ' •:*•** ••v’ :.tv .
*;«"* ; , n ‘ -
Every safiscriplisn will .he ponshUrefl n's
ajontinued unlrts suiJsyibers^iCT notice to
jfeement of g
the contrary before the CommedccmCfr
new year,and all arrearages pai.V
Any- person .ptocfirinjj mx* subscriber^
j|mf .becoming r*§pohs»ble'Wr’.thtf’payrnent,'
.shall receive g seyefilli <gralus« ,
Advertvsewerfts wtf fbo Irifert&i'atecyeri-
,p. ty-live cents per .square- tor the first inser
tion, anc thirtjrscveft ajnla harlr cfiiits Coj
each continuance; lon’gqr oaej in. propor
tion. ' '
, m3* \11 letters addressed to the Editor,
post paid, wiJj receive due attention.
#ivy rtD h«! jn&8.U.
VtOAUXcDa TA4®» tur. #nrfnA-i
■4 neceSsnvy So*to cp'nbhloy it; .and to
anticipate aridendeavor .to* meet ail
such objections .to this course^f poli
cy, as he diemcd'woitlry of a. reTiila-
K.lon,- ' ' ‘ •; . * •* , "
Sir, I’ prefer that ifiis' latent- object
■sNdld be ful|y before titf, 'that ynfc
.and.th’e nation- may look aVity’aw!
sciutiuizc if.". ’ 4* ail 1 early
sta|e of. the ■ pr«s'eitt ,'Administ,i;n.tIdif,*
'itsViews Riijl ojMuiartV oirthe int^restU-
Subject , nui* jiulifl&r'rcjnfijins,
Avcre'(Ifivclofied iu'ash riot to.'J;e
mistqkcn. • If hf greatly’to•h<vregrc*lv.
tje/U Sirthat ouj pidsenf*. (Hiicif ’Ala*
gistibte did wof puVsuo- tht*• \Vise>qnd.
prudent'jiplicy- of fiis expired*,pj-otle-'
sccssor, President VVashin^frni, who,
at a finlc of Collision and difficulty
vVfth .those liihes, raiilic. before the
verlures shall be made to the Cher- buying over the consent of corrupted | (the ClieVokeesi i-efv with creat » o fl-
okees to ai range such new boundary, | Chiefs* to ji traitorous surrender of derice oh a favorable repot i on S
and. concludes his communication j their e^ouiitry. # . Uclifions.'jhey have befbVe Cotim-s..
with (he following emphatical ques
tion: ‘.‘3d. Shall (lie United. Slates
stipulate solemnly to guarantee the
new boundary.-which may be arrang
ed ’
,• ft 9 rodoced as pointed a response—
for-the Senator. , '
.' i 'tlc!f6hcilfa ease a iretv or other
boufldaVy t-lt^ji tlirrt stipulated .by the
<‘eaty of lioplnvell, sliajj be couckul-
fxh\\ it If tlus Cherokee. Indians, that the
Senate do r »dvisp. amf.consent solcmn-
Ty*to; guarantee. tW same.” Anew
’boundary was afyangojl by a seecf.ul
tr.eajy} -'thti sotemii guarantee was
(gi.-ve.i'i to^he'-Ob^rokce*; anil cogent,
ifid'ced, should he tjie causes that now
‘Iftad us Ho llihik or* speak lightly, of
suelr sac red obligations.
I lament, Sir, that so bright St illus-
, * ' v ^ * .t* 15 .. 1 * . .* “ we withdraw our pro 1
cretary, in respect to Indian Cometh,) lection,’ .givfe them over to^he high
bus demonstrated their titter avet-1 handed. iifai t-broabu/r legislation
sion to this (Rode, whilst it il.as heOnioj; tlie Slajej, and drive the in to des*
made crjually clear,' lliaV aiidlher [pair, that ithtn i«.p,op Q r means faif J
mode premises greater ^ucCes%. lirrq- win them,- force and tenor may com.
hist,.(that by .councils,) j pdv'thcm. We shall have no diffi*-
tho Indians h;iv;e‘ secp fa (he -past,.j cuIff,'the agent assures the War De-
tlmtiUiaS Ijceui6y>.the jesg.lt of coim-jpnvtHjent. Sir, there will be' on ^
B9AE ,.ihWriHi»y kta o 3 eju^ri-
tctz TE..WO-T. pe,i^,TOiv^i.i7
TCPZ VSF TtSO-A fa ‘V0SA0^Okf,’^k^
P94 .Tv $\r
®0J,5cSo-jr-AT b>p ,0>e1fjKr
il*K LIWiF/Oo%.i v
, . trnuis a preetdeni, was not regaided,
.Senrwe, and laid opeir lo tjieui, land {hat the President had not vivI«1 -
injwoiiositions for tlreiy. approbation,
tlm'various.important subjee.ts, involv*-
^cil in ©ur.roI.rfqjnsV ■.The'arm axed ex-
tivft,‘t from-the* JoiiTuals-of l!m fiduate
ToJtL‘Aiti>;&. PdNn;lq»ij,Jftc)»moA‘d , ,‘V’^. .twaghbit \vJis* \vijse to pursue.
' C vviPBjsm,, I? atirort', 8. C. j ' The pripcijl'le's •are embodied in
4 Mocxtiue UBiDv.CIiarteston, seven.tfistin.;.t ioti'rrog'-torii's. The
a. C; *' *'*!>' I At - _.A n. o*
(Job’Geot?geS SniTif, Statesville, W V T.’ li’mh’ S.Ubmits do tin* Senate
;TE&Etti\p A0st.il, Atbbilo, Ala. ’ ' ,'y ivMrjthei- the United .Slates shall sol-
Cot. J*t*es Tpaif, Bellefonte'j'Ala,
-ati % t,J • •*
SPEECH
n'bv ' > •
i
iS'tJ Posts.” This question
wholly ff'npiver'cil in the* afirrm^tive”
by tliatm'ody, aqd the blank (for an
_ j » , .appVppi’ialion, ofinecossary funds) \v'as
pfucred to be filled at the discretion
-of the’Pri sldent pf vlic*. Edited Sjafv^s. njo.
•A^ain, on the’ll th pf. August, T'iftpv,*be. e<
PV^Sjdfc'^t Washington setlt p special
"t™ thb Senate by his Secret
'7° ^ *m | tory. JHie k tliJsject ; niat*ler of which’ he
fV vl* < ., • j , 1111 j' »»v SHJjjt'tt iiinitri vh viiii'ii iin
iriyroF tlie 1 orititorios, • and *intr»dtrees by the *Folloujnff* *&a^c4-
for their rertroyal Wew ;pf lire i1vey.Lf,p 0 y ‘ ; ; v " .
I^oleci ivr»i I»/»thtr 1111r nr me i iL' r*>\ if I ^ ■’ r - -T
SlUsissippi, being under ccnsideration',
Mr. Fr'etinghiajssn ’ ejioke as lol-
f*' ; ' V :7-'
.*Pr*fidenU I,’propose.on mueiul'
ment^fo-this ;M!l, iV by ifevtulcSlion of
two secfiens .it)* the fofnr W ^irov-rsoe
14 Gcn(ltmcn of the Senate:
, “Although ihe treaty with the
Gre<*k$ may be .Regarded as.the niain
foiuitlatioH. of th3 fiitui*^ ti'nd
qiuogi'mjvity s'f the Syquthu'fstem froV
! tier qfifiieUnited Stores,.yv-t, iiv'or-
ci|ciT<^4 wtefruji-' k,fid*; thqt thesUnitvd Stntca ’m Con
'lions mjd^nci0welm»ent8;.*•. ' ^ * A -* •
{•^pl^kof; *i tS8j’.bad,* by* I heir pro
of olamatflm. (hiibiddea »ll,.sucl
ch umvar-
rintahlty^lrnsioas,;. fa wijoined tlic i»-
.. .r— r f W ti'idors'lw (HtpOi'l withouj loss of time;
of land 1)5 n»S|e:>»>P>yV»ijai-d, that bi)f \4t»^Ulc^.i;svrj b e«:^iH refractory
lk) rjigWta, .W fetiiahilug.-. ■ I'he Presl
SWMMynithV|^£yiifoii^shaiivb^nm)- -then , ifiitinci;iy. amrouifices his deter?
P^.ed.Tb/r'Vcc.ujWyJrtd^ by 1A, ...
treaty- W SK
niad’e. M ' *' r'- .. ’ a
on our part.", / - »
fff* then pjoqeedj lp> reminej the
J^bntp-^that,' by the tixraty 'with the
Cbtirukefes, in Noveinhftsy 178a, (-the
•tivaty of Uopewcn,7‘the' ^aid’ Cher-
V<i^M °hr, fittyr
f ■' ion®, by W* Wfrae. ’of p-eOtfes,*
,W*pWft 1“'course*'with ijitMu.
. fQllpW.ing is the-nrnendfneii% '' *
aluiafy, t Tv$L 3 Until, the
>ar!d*ttibgs orhatiims >lig1| efioosp tq
TtOHtbv^ «« .by this act is conteraplat; protoOliori. o’f the United., fttates, mid
tedi they shall be pcoeoted .m .their find a, hoiiialary assigned thorn;* that
jirefcBijl 'P^ SS n ?s g^ ,1 ' S f k tho iVhi.te peoofe- settled on the frori-
‘i.l , xJ* r ■ .f'tWS terntofy, tlecs had opeplv violated tho. said
. «^.,4VA»rd^ient^ as^fierfitmpre. exer- hi)„ n ^j,ty by nilrwjiiig! oa tho Indian
bkees qdareii 'ihcmgelvos under the
ipri.oT
gross A^'dihlcd^ oirfhe fust day of
dent
. „ ^ nfnStiogtg itx'er'wflu''powers ent iiist.-
ttbridiofbfefeditb tlift ©poetjfutlon,^ In- or
der'd d* cwnHf- iilto' fuUhfuJ- execution
ed to the safe guidance of such high
example; and I .luploie it the more
hecausd it i\ as Concerning these very
trilled, in the fstate of Georgia, that
.Geneuni Washington chose to confer
with Ilfs constilntional advisers.
Instead of (his just proceeding, the
present Administration have thought
proper., without the slightest consult
ation with either House of Con
gress—without any opportunity for
counsel or concert, discussion or de
liberation, on the part of these co-
ordipale branches of the Government,
to despatch the whole subject in a
tone and style of decisive construc
tion of our obligations and of Indian
rights. It would really seem, Sir,
as if opinion wait to be forestalled,
and tho door of inquiry shut forever
upon tlies'e grave questions, so deeply
implicating our national faith and hon
our.
We must firmly protest against this
Executive disposition of these high
interests. No one branch of the Gov-
• (‘ i niuent can rescind, modify or ex
plain away our public treaties.
f l>7 are tjje supreme law of the
land, so declared to be by the Consti
tution. They bind the President end
s'll'othtar departments, i iilejs and peo-
J)'le. Aj;d k \\’hen iheirpVovisions shall
coiifreverted--w.h&n' their breach
ur fii]filmeji4 hecehie subjects of in-
v A‘3t.i|;alion—here, Sir, and 1 , in {lie o-
Hall 6f.0ir Legislation, arc such
nvoiqentous'.'concerns to he debated
apd considered. That we may frep
ly. exerciqe these .essential powers,
and review the proclaimed, opinions
of Uie'ExqcutiVe; I have submitted
the first braiich of .the* amendment.
We-possesshe conslitutipiial right to
inquire wherefore it-was that, when
'some of these tribes appealed to (lie
Executive *iVr protection, according
* .to the terms ofiolif treaties w ith them,
th<ey received tlfe answer that the
Gbvcr.funcat of the United /States
could not interpose to arrest or pre
vent the legislation cf tho States or
ver them. Sir, (his was a harsh
measure, indeed’, to faithful allies,
that had so long reposed in..confidence
cii a nation’s f'aijh. They had in the
darkest hour, of trial turned lo the)
aegis which the most solemn pledges
had provided for them, and were conw
foiled by the conviction that it woulijl
continue to shed upon them a pur)
and untarnished beam of light anjl
hope. Deep, indeed, must hav
been their despondency,when their po
litical father assured them that their
confidence would he presumptuous,
and dissuaded them from' all expecta
tion of relief.
Air. President: - The instructions,
that have proceeded from the. \Va>
department to tlie Agenfa^of Indian
Affairs have excited just and str«nrg
jealousies of the measures that-.a^e
row recommended. They have'
pgpnipted this aniendment. in tje
hbpe'tlial by some public and deep
ed expression of our disapprobatioh,
a train of- political management with
tBreVe tribes:may’be arrested, and oir
Country saved from the {Juhonor pf
cils tlf.1t. the extent of iTioir Country ] difficulty tliat.shbuld be deemed-in*
has been fi ofirtime^O.timfc diminfefi-; siirfilollntable. SUcli a nrnr P «« „•;]>
c.,1. TIh 7 n!f cphH^he^.Uiis.^Wce H m life estimation ofU,e
JlleqCe it is tlrat^hosa who are.hitty-,-j'fyhbteVtsrvflized ivorhl. It will de»
ested iu keeping llieiH.where they afe jgrade us in our own eves aad blot
alarm their fe'al-s, . and by prdvfooslthe'’page bf our history with indelibl®
cautioning induce them to reject all i dishonor. ^
offers looking to this object. There j Now, Sir, I karfe brmmht this mcai
t? no tloulrt, however, but the mass, sure before thi* Senate, ind wait
of th6 people t\x>uld he glad to cmi-1 With intense anxiety ^'o hear the final
grate; and there is as liltle doubt .(hat I disposition of it. Where is the mart
they ale kept from {Fiis,cx\:rc!sc of that can, 'in view of f ur h policy -
ate kept from this,exercise of I unit can, 'in view of such
their choice by their cliiefs'ciid other 'open the door, or afford the slightest
interested and influential m'en,” Stc. facility Vo the operation of influent
Again: “Nothing is more' certain ecs that we Should I lush with lion*
than!that if tlipchiefs and intliieuljal ! est shame could we, in a H un-niardi
men could be brought into the j ed moment, consent 1 to hare cm*
measure, the rest would implicitly j ploydd them w ith our equal' in the*
follow. It becomes, therefore*, a j scale ; of civilisation. It is no t
matter of necessity, if the General | tended, Sir,’to ascribe this polic
« me present Ad ' ”“
nation. Far from it. The truth is/
we have long been gradually, and*
iu«»
ioveriimeiit would benefit these pec- j exclusively to the present AdmiiVis^
pie, that it move upon them in the’line —"
cf their cnii prejudices, and, by the
adoption of any proper means,
break the power that is waning with
their best interests.. The question is,
how can this be best done? Nof.,
it is believed, for live reason suggest
ed, by means of a general council.-*—
There, they would he awakened to
o I most unconsciously, decdkiing iritcfl
these dm ions w ays, and w-'e ; shall i n V
fiict lasting injury upon our goo$
name, unless we speedily abandon'
them... • , *Jpj£- v
I ttmv procaed to the discussion of*
(nose ptwciple^,wfiic 1 }), ip my hiring
all the intimations which those who life judgment, fully and dearly sus'.
n I'rt r\ n r, c n 11 I a 1 hull' av o nf iwvnn i t k, i I L !. <’ . i • ... "
arc opposed to their exchange of coun
try plight throw, out; and the con
sequence would be—wha'l it has been
—a firm refusal to acquiesces. The
best resort is believg.d to be tliaf
■yvliich is embraced in an appeal to the
chiefs and influential men, net together,
hgt apart, at their own houses,
and, by a proper exposition of tb-cir
real condition, rouse them to think
of tluit; whilst oilers-, to them, of ex
tensive .• reservations in fee simple,
and other rewards, would, it is hoped*,
result- in' obtaining their acquies
cence.” • . ' ■ r -.
Let us analyze this singular state
paper. It" dges not relish the ccnV
greglrtion pf iVidian . councils. Iu
th'eso asteiublics, tlidy deliberate and
tvcigli thfc policy of megisures—rtliej;
calculate thed'csulfs of pfOjiosed im
provements*. Tlwese ‘ coui'icil’s embo
dy the Collected" wisdom of flip tribes.
Their irifl uencc is-of thp.autljbvrty.of
(law; the people look to them, ('ay
protection, They know t]ial in tl&
multhutle of counsellors there is
safely. . Hence nation#, far in advance
of the Indians, always meet in coun
cil, .when their great interests arc to
he promoted or defended* Cut'
these special agents are discouraged
from hoping that the object can
Id
be obtained in this good old fashioned
way. The Indians are too wire to
he caught when the net is spread
so fully insight. They are directed
to avoid all associations; and, with the
public purse in hand, to take the
chiefs fliout—to approach individual
ly, and at home— u lo meet them in
the tray of their prejudices.” I admire
the ingenious clothing of a most odi
ous, proposal.
A strong hiril fs suggested to try
the effect of.terror, and, by a proper
exposition of their real condition,
rouse tjiem to think upon that, and lo
follow this up with “large offers (o
them of extensive reservations in fee
iimplc, and other rewards.” The
report made by one of these agents
of the War Department, dated iSep-
temher 2d. 1829, elill further disclos
es the nature -of the exigencies to
which tbo- Indians nrh to be subjected,,
to. constrain theii removal. *The a-
gent observe*, (‘The t/uth is, they
tain I lie claims of the In'diijus to a If
<hcir political and civil riglits, as by
them asserted. ” 4
And here, Air. President, I insist,
that, by ‘immemorial possession^ <iy
llie original tenants of the soil, they'
hold a title beyond arid superior tiv
the British .crown and her cohnivs, ai-q/'
W> all adverse pretensions of oiu* con-i
Cede pa lion and subsequent Union.—.
G..od, in his l'rovidctic e, planted*
tlicso tribes on this Wicslein coutincutj"
so .tar us we. know, before Great
Britain herself had a political exisf
ten-ie. I believe,, Sir, it is not now -
seriously’ denied {hat the Indians are
jntfn, endowed 1 with kindred faculties’
and powers with ourselves; that* -
they have n place in human sympa
thy, and arc justly entitled to a chare 1
dir the. comnron bounties ofabcriig-
Ikarif Proyidencc.' And, with this'
concetkMk J, ask in wb.it caffe of (he -
law of. nations, or by what proerse
of abstract deduction, their rights*
have heeh extinguished5!
Where is the decreo or ordinance *
that has stripped these early an<F$l
fit;#! Jords of tf.e soil? Sir, no re--
card of such riieasure can be found. '
And I might triumphantly rest the*
hopes: of these fefeble fragment# .{of* 1 I j )l ;>
once great* natiqps upon this iiiip’rog,. i;^"'
nahle foundation. However mere* 7®*
human, policy, or the law, of powers^
o* 1 . the tyrant s pica of expediency,
may have found, it convenient at sny4
or in all times to recede from'fha
imchangeahle .principles of eternal
jilstici. ,ii° argument enu shake th^
pdfUical /nakim^that ryivere the lit*’
diqn alvvfiys Jigs Icon; he ftjijoys a#,
ab?obje .right* slid to fa, ip th e free
exercise of his ow n modes of tjroiight. -
gpvdrnitijbMit 5gid ccuiduct. ..:•••' * j
Air. Pi hsidhDtr In’the light of natn
ur'al law,.tWn n reason for a distiuctlori
exist- in the mode of enjoying*that'
Which rs ray tnvn? If I use it. for hunf~
ing may another take it because hp ’
needs it for agriculture? I aruaware
that sonic writers have, by a system of
artificial reasoning, endewrored to
justify, or rather, excuse the enc^bch.
mehts. rntide upon .Indian territory;
and they'denominate these abstrac
tions the law of nations, and, in thi*
ready way, the question it despatch*.
IV;
..
*•
\ x.. iuL*-; :*d»