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PRINTED UNDER THE PATRONAGE, AND FOR THE HEN EE IT OF 1 HE CHERuREE NATlO^ AND IiEVOTED TO THE CAUSE OF INDIANS <A 1 UllHM/FI, * * '
MVW mOM&BA, BAJSVaSil^t SSTOBBOim as, 1330.
,d- - jjc?y.yg any avot; ~
. cos aBaggagcar _ anmacystg..
irj.: . a* k u*«mw. ».
UT* f .rac .if l* ^
. At «*5t>
.month ,
if
exact accordance with the claims ol discovery, that because the President
has sworn to support the constitution,
he may a Imitate any treaty, or re
peal aijy law, which lie judges to be
I-RINIKO WKF
i J XO. 'P. YVIi F. EE Eli, ! the Cherokees; when treaties, rati
0 :.j in ... ,jj tn s iv ; lied without a dissenting voice by ev*
5(> if pan! at the mid o the 1 cry Senate, a.id at every session,
since the adoption of the constitution
and sanctioned by every Mi use ol
Representatives, at every session,
yefct
l’o si:
tuero'... •' •
in ad
can reu t only the
pi ,ci: w ; It he sf'2.00
, ...• pai
inconsistent with the const it u t ion
On Wednesday, April 21st, Mr.
have only the right to be paid (or
ilicir land, when the interest el ti e
' United Slates requires that they shall
he removed. He s.iid he did not jus-
| lily the conduct ol the whiles touaids
the Indians: he only described what
i; 0. 29
»t . _- ■ . _
it can l.e | ioved lin t a i u is not in*
.■it lint In
'tjil-.Kv.
: '?i!i be considered ns
• . ..U,:,.- t;j,;r.vgiv noUc- to
.at- ■ :|i- .•.ir icnenceiucni of a
•tii ,»n paid.
. ;•( .c.u... mg six subscribers
!.li. for lie- payment,
ti i.i ii gi at is.
• it-, iv it i) in.' t.’-l ui -.eveu-
.r »• pc. 1 lor !lie tir:-t lasar-
i,-v.cv*m, an i .. Iiaif cents for
,ic.e; longer ones in propor-
e'iplfsfi
the i«
new(
A ti.
AijA h.
dhft'l I ■
.At ■ •.
ly-iivi
tloiXji a.t
eacljlconi
tiolk
'• 11 let ici.- addressed to 1h» Editor,
post paid, wilt rec< ive due altentiou.
OlVy j c .i v o- ad i, s i j k c. a . i. j
fo.umi TAcEP U«V» Kid'S A. 1 ['■4(ZU.
Io.ig arient.toty kt.a d,tp oo.iiui
I*4A.I TCTZ TEiSSO-.T’ DO !/S>ov1*m>. 1.
Tfe-E PUP TccO-A TC DO.t^Af'df.I, KT
Bh cro.in.i r>-4c«.r. m?.ia<xv.z tii ytv
D*A^t‘i*.t, r-y^tT ti.;>i- oo.ir.i a4jf.t.
fivyz o'a.n .HiCJHiJosy, m-u !
O»o'r\i r'-Kic.i t*?.itir», tcth Tmao-T’ do - i
J#$,n b>6^. I. K T »\ 7. I) jJ I*' 0oTy ( V* 0*' s * 113.
yJiu noj»?>jt iv 0 ?-.i.
were demonstrated to speak the same
language; when all these transactions
were shown to be honest, upright, and
honorable, and a contrary course now
proposed lor the first time, was de
scribed as oppressive to the Indians
and disgra clid to ourselves; it seem
ed impossibli that a majority of the
Senate should sel aside the most sol- i treaties with Indians are ai
emu acts el'their predecessors. j nny treaties can he; r.n'd e
'i'hi! debate was resumed on rues- i solemn and tender appeal
day, April 20lh. Mr. Ad.;ms, a new
member from Mississippi, who did
nut arrive till near the middle of the
session spoke an hour mid i.inuj
minutes in favoi cf the hill. Tuis
Robbins, Senator from Rhode-Island, j 'he 1 tghls are, and insisted that Gcor-
1 delivered a neat and beautiful speech ! g' ! ‘ shouid have the beiielil of them,
against the bill. He first described ; A* between the whites and the In
tlie nature of Indian sovereianty. I.y tliuus, it was allogiwlie.i a mattei ot
showing (hat these aboriginal tribes . e. ; .pebi. v.ey'and power it s:c n i c-
had always been sui juris, and bad M-. sulv,:*! m soli into a qui'-iiou o. p.wsi
| ways been admitted to be so; and that ‘ ' ll ^ ll
; being sui juris is (lie true eriteii n (>{’ ( itnmuluble j-.si ice. it
iglity. Ho inferred, that ourr*" 1 ' day to Ini
m
sever
binding as
used by a
in behalf
of these deserted and betrayed pou-
P ,e *
Spoal ing of t!m objection to the
iv-.'-- ( In i-.lio.* govctirnYu!, Mr jiuii
bins said:
lie pul tlie
;ieat <• oiiiu
pe
Sol! I ll*
of lib
follow in;
, n e: i
, tir.it it (
pi meiples
s ton late
■tract ii.lits.—
question w it!i
neb not eici v
■nn ai.i bad In rii
j"-
i iniiscil, hccan:
se u
is tiny.
nst to
no
more than 2L
0 or
jople.
V> i
if.t SUl Ol (ll Ic.
11 ; cc
JS flop
■ -io a
nif.ii s o; n rniis, c. In
'll Ills
Iliii'i 2 ■
.lib 11
ai '
■ bis i ate, iii a ii.
m USSR'il Oi
l. -at
pm;
die interest
and
impci!
t f
\V !
(iui irs <.ul io s cl
! i st i
i c .i(|ii
III i
ids
...U Ill till, l-.o
sc, ii
i'-jomi (
,j ; ,-«]
CUI
; t .sell state./ t
Mippp
SO Ml .
i 01-
sy i
Ii, L>s i;tn;iiy ai
ill l.l 1
:l;ht...
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on 1
law ed. u omd it
sat isf
liiu
to 0
(id;
J to..! tbc act
Ul (
ui law i s
n . s
not
Uirjnst in Dm:If,
he•;■; (
hi D V.
as uii-
E.fj
i cmy to t'im.'< it
ai.d 1
Idli l S,
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cot
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00 ii
i ill/ 1 ’
w by
ll(!
AdENl’S FOIt THE CHEROKEE
PI KENIX.
was the only speech lie made, during}
his short term of service It has j
since been printed, at somewhat j
greater length than when it was de
livered, and is now befote.me.
Mr. Adams began by saying, that
lie had never before had a seat in a
legislative assembly, and must there
fore solicit tlie indulgence of the Sen
ate, while lie expressed his views on
the subject, lie admitted that the
a no !
■ alike fa- j
Iternpis nti' u ‘ ss
of (lie two. !'»'ik
“III fated Indians! barbarism
attempts at <'ii ilizalion ai
lal to your rights; hut ;
eiviliyation the iiio'c f,:t; |
The jealous of their own rights are
the contemners of yours; proud and
chivalrous states do not think il be
neath them to take advantage of vowr l i
w enkness.
they want,
sire, for they do not want them
determined to have those hums
cr a pictext tin a war might i.e
wim:;. w.oold jusliiy it in the vie
f I < •»<» /
Thai a Senator in the nincti
century should claim for his Mat
ail,
merit ui gieat loibear.
‘ eemisc a prcic.it
!:■ Wi’.i' hud not '
gainst a lit I b pca ; > td’l
living (tilde I J l.e m a t Si
ty ( f fi icmlsliip w h'e.li
public could give, is
.m c an ! I.
lor an t-xl
•< cu s.mgld
e ; OBMIi in
a iru lll.i.
out gieal
what m
bi.O’iicl Juilil 1- U
t ny iiiei. 11 no .1 i.lm Foi
in in I i i eks t e.'i! <,verge
llesidt s, il i; would pro',.
not to be uejest. bvean.-.e u
iin, b .l‘ would sujlei eiijupt 1 v
!:i oogiii to l.e sore lb J the nun-- • .
should be so la, „v as !>■ j ; i \ c if. | t -.\
miiie.t in i(m ii’. Nun li e (ii m l,e s
<.;: * n • oil
-1 V\ ill
s' cm: j ?
. C ' f il tv
no mere
\ it,
( out end t b. t tIn re
we
!)
I r,
\ on have lands w hich I people weiu oci
or rather wliich they tit*-' -^- r - torsytli i
your
pi i pi; red t o w it ness.
not lost
The following persons are authorized to in his message, was “•contrary
rceive suhscr'plions and payments for the jM . ov j s i oos 0 f the treaties made
recew
Che rokee Phicnix.
Messrs Pkiiicf. & Williams, No. 20
Market St. Boston, Mass.
I, F.oncir: M. Tracv, Agu.il of the A. B.
G. F. M. N. w York.
R 'v. A. D. Eddv, Canandaigua, N. Y.
Thomas Hastings, Utica, N. Y.
Rev. James Camcbeli., B.aufort, S. C.
YYii.r.iAM Moultuie Reid, Charleston,
S'.'U.
Cal. Goon of. Smith, Statesville, W. T.
J f. he hi ah Austil, Mobile, Ala.
■ Rev. Cvitus KiNGsr.miv, Muyhcw, Choc-
ta\v Nation.
it apt. William Robeutson, Augusta
Geo.
James Ttmrc, Bellefonlo, Ala.
ptuvigAT' a zv *1;-'. Vgiv. - .;i >r-*i %
INDIANS.
!so :. slv( d. I lin e w e
lorious oppm (unity recent-
opinion of (he I’resident, as exhibited rights stand in their way, and those j L v !° r m'd.iug an moivti I
proud and chivalrous states do not j I'nyo his umv w ores. Ur doul.dh ss
think it henealh them to destroy your icicrred to the burning ol tlie l,m^ s
rights by their legislation. Vroiul 0, ‘ '‘itrnd-us by the Cheroki vs Iasi
and chivalrous states do not think it winter, and tlie barharm.s mm uc■; u
a Cherokee by ii.lmbil.oits ol (Ji , r-
to tlie
provisions ot the treaties made by the
United States, and now existing in full
force, with the Cherokees, Creeks,
Choctaws, and Chickasaw s.” lie beneath them to present to your ft
i.. Mu.I iilitu .., who would be ( i;'., o-
, tent wi'ie s. ••'*• in Cn'nt lU ituin and
, must of i! i Unin (1 Stiles.
On F.iihiy. April :2Sd, Ur. M Idle,
. w he Ini'. 1 ibt liOCf, gave way to Mr.
S; ri gv.e.
| 'I'iiih gcntl' inatw in an enrest ;<}'•
peal ei i.eiu iy mi Inin. <>. nimiuJ
tlie most n spec!Iul atleiitirn of tlie
Sur.ite. He rccapit e I t ed t! (- 11 v:-
admitted, also, that the laws of; hie and helpless condition, this ait
Georgia, Alabama, am! Mississippi, j native—t.itlier to abandon vour homes
were “in violation of those treaties."
These ar* his very words. But he
contended, that the President had de
cided these treaties to be unconstitu
tional; and the President, os a dis
tinct department of the government,
and having taken an oath to support
the constitution, “is hound to declare
any law, or treaty, a nullity, if made
contrary to the provisions of the con
stitution.”
the habitations you have built, the
fields you have planted, and nil tin-
comforts you have gathered around
you; the homes of your fathers, and
the sepulchres of (lie dead; and go
far into the depths ef an unknown
wilderness, there to abide the desti
ny which may await you, or to sur
render your rights, and submi’ your
selves to their power, but to expect
no participation in their rights.”
From the Now York Observer.
.HISTORY OF THE INDIAN j (he Senecas, the Cherokees,
RILL.—no. iv.
I omitted to mention, at the close
of my last number, that Mr. Forsyth,
when he resumed his speech on
Thursday, spent some minutes in a
studied .Hack upon Mr. Peel, of the
British House of Commons. This
■Was in retaliation, as Mr. Peel had men were in earnest, and if the wii-
Mr. Adams selected several laws I Mf- Robbins closed with the fob
from what he considered the codes of lowing paragraph, having mentioned
and the i Ibe decree, w hieli had gone forth a-
Clioclaws, and which, he thought, in-1 gainst the Chetokccs.
dicated a barbarous state of tilings. I “the erv ol the miserable Indian
He argued, therefore, that it would ] "'il! not arrest it; the sympathy ol
be a very absurd use of the power of I 'his uafton in that evy will not arrest
the United Stales to defend the right! ‘U l*’-' 1 ' sympathy is not credited, or if
ol the Indians to exercise such a leg* ; (‘(edited, is despised; and w e an*
islation. He insisted, that if gentle* j fold here, and in a tone of dotian-e,
spoken rather reproachfully of Geor- fers of pamphlets were sincere, they
gia, in one of the discussions of last : should show their sincerity by acting
w inter. Tfie printed speech of Mr. according to their principles. They
Forsyth contains no allusion to this ; slxnild cull back the Indians, and de
liver up to desolation and baibarism,
ubjeet.
The debate was continued by Mr.
vSpn gtie. Senator from Maine, who
too, tlial no power shall arrest it.
My fears are that no power will ar
rest il; none certainly williif this hill
pass, and without this amendment,
lor tbenthe Executive will not arrest
il. Put if executed, and when exc-
the cultivated regions of the noilliern ; ‘’tiled, for one, I will say, that these
states. lie considered the lands ob-
poke on Friday and Saturday, April jtained from the Indians by purchase,
Gth and 17lli. He occupied the! as having been really obtained by
Boor about five hours in the whole, j fraud, w hieli was no better than
■ii the first place, he examined all (lie ' force. He urged, that the Riit-
.arguinonls of Messrs. White, M’Kin- i ish Crown might legislate over all the
icy, and Forsvlli. Every thing on | territory claimed as within the colon-
hat side, that could be made to j ial limits; and that all the old stales
Tvear the semblance of an argument, of the Union had legislated over th.
4ie staled fairly and refuted unanswer- ■ Indians. He admitted that the trea
ably. He then traced the history of
cur intercourse with the Indians, ns-
Icrtcd their original and per feet right
|o their country, and established the
[alidily of the treaties, by which the
pherokeos claim our protection a-
piinsl the laws of Georgia. He al
lies with the Indians wore binding on
Indians have been made the \ielirns
of power exerted against right; the
victims of violated faith, the nation's
faith; the victims of violated justice;
yes, I call God to witness, of his vio
lated justice.”
The speech of Mr. Robbins occu
pied about three quarters of an
hour.
A lien he sat down Mr. While rose,
and said that he wished (o make the
the United States; but said that mn-1 (dosing speech outlie question. Me
king compensation was fulfilment.— I prewnsiWr this privilege would be
When the Indian tribes were power- | yielded to him as a matter of eourle
ful, and the new settlements dreaded ”
their incursions, he said, the . United
Slates and the several states consent*
[iided very happily to the pound of: oil to any terms with the Indians, nml
os!i, which Mr. Forsyth had said i made no complaints that the legisla-
jhbcc/igiYi icill /.ore. IIu described j live rights of the stales were disre*
the process of bribery, which had j garded; but when the Imlians became
weak, and the whites strong, the le
gislative rights of the stales were re
asserted. In other words, we will
keep our engagements so long as com
pelled to do so by fear; but as soon
as we have the power, we will set
aside our most solemn contracts.
This is the substance of Mr. Ad
am's speech. Though he had never
eon recommended by the Secretary
of War, ipml held it up to merited in
dignation. The whole speech was
a very able one; and those parts of it,
which related to solemn treaties,—
to the disgrace of violating our faith,
—to the foul reproach, which the eon-
temnlated measures would bring upon
our country, and to the wrath of God,
to which as a nation, we should be
justly exposed,—were very impres-
sy. He would therefore wait till all,
who had an inclination to address
the Senate, had possessed an oppor
tunity.
Mr. Forsyth then occupied the
floor two hours. He spoke with more
animation, and somewhat e ore bitter
ness llinn before. He ofh n displayed
great ignorance of facts, ynl was ve
ry inaccurate in Ids statements, lie
did not again call the Cherokees
“poor ilerilshaving been observed
to read a remark on that subject, m
one of tlie . Washington pnpeis.
“If,” said Mr. Foisydi, “the Clici-
ekecs should ho instigated to nsssl-
anec, their dcstrui thui is ceil.-in,
they will indeed be inimoru.l. 'i icy
will die in the land cl their talkers,
weltering in their own blood. Lot
the philanthropist cures nniiiiiig aUmt
ibis Hi* Gains ids object, ‘i
government is made odious.”
At tin* close ol' lies sj:( eeb, ibe
question came vciy near being luki.:
by smprise. A large part of the
Senators, nearly or quite half, who
vere expect d to vote in favoi of
the amendment had w ithdi awa, with
{(lie full nndersininiiog that the ques
tion would be (tanaled anollicr d ;y
ins Mr. White had expressed liis wb.h
to speak again. It was with ;.n.it
diffuMilty that a dei is'n ii was avoid- d.
Tilt' pai lit ular . 'ireumstaiii es. Sfi'.*
scribed, would occupy too nmcli
space in this narration, it is saiii-
( ieiit to say, that the matter was
pressed to an extent, whirl: appetite
far from being fair aed 1 m on ! le
At length, however, Mr I irling-
liuysen sueecetb-d in gelling the rc -
iion for an adjournment pul, and the
Seriate adjourned
On Thursday. April 23d. Mr Fie-
linghuysen replied to the arguments
of the friends of the bill, in a powi r-
f il and eloquent speech of rat In i-
I morel Inin an hour. Mr. M Finley
succeeded, and repeated I is argu-
’ ment ohout state ti»b's, w hieli lie did
not render more iuieiligihle than it
was before. Me spoke three quar
ters of an hour. Mr. Foisyth again
addressed the Senate for about fifty
minutt s.
lie staled that the letter which be
had read to (lie Senate on a former
occasion, was written by Mr. Jones
Postmaster at Nmv Haven, wish
whose permission his name was now
mentioned. The letter assorted, that
the clergy took n print ipal part in cir
culating inemuiials, &e., and was de
signed to leave the impression, that
the interest fell on the subject was
altogether factitious.
Mr. Forsyth acknowledged bis re
sponsibility to tlie world and to heav
en, He regretted that the law of
lie | Georgia had hewn passed, “not be
cause it is unjust in itself, (for it is
unjust only to a few, 200 or JUO per
il <
I i; s mid i i ion ct! ll.i u !<b
a mast ci !y m:c i> r. ”t i.e
II is cddi ( ss v ; s n i re si r'
aiw pi.ssage i; I i» [.nblisbcu
if' (I .• ; eoide of the I
r
t ;ea s
1 could i II I:a\c bcaid M
sen s Sj. • < b oi yt i
Sjiri'gue's ol to-oa) !
little (larger of !lidi. i.S
noiri theii cc..: ■ y.
Vi r: t.
'ir-
! - . ■ ,
F. :
i i L.r
ch;t ...
M.aj 2'.
! l!.: i
: hot i;
ay a
■re w ■
P. Fibi;.
<bis t;;i mbei.
me; i of Mi
publls! .(It!;
i !ic (lose ( f
: i'j l< gippb f f
t io.i w as . i\ en
lie cc.iitluncd:
!i . • a i it v ■
• • : »
i i ci is mu »•';.«
■,tr i ion cj t‘ t-
la b. 1c ’•■■!■
as i . s.-.i: - .1 1
ii in m\ last u i;
teat
>r w
I. i.
i"
s i o
ir
> . IUi-fj!!. : i; i s
■an as 1 (It si i i'li d
r.
M . Wi.
in cl
laid down these doctrines; that it
makes no odds whether the govern-,
been a member of a legislative body | ment of the United Slates extinguish-; haps.) but because it can be made
before, and though lie made no other j es the Indian title by compact, or by the means of exciting prejudice a-
sive, and were felt to be so by all | speech during tlie session, there is the exertion of nby sienl force, the
parties. When the opinions of all our , one suggestion in his speech, which is United States beipg bound to do one
great statesmen were sliotvu. to bo, in j to bo (ouiul-no where else, ll is the {or the other;, aqtl (hat the Indians
means
gainst the state.” These are the ex
act words which he uttered.
It is a new sort of logic, hy which
Uorr<'.j-.f pdrprr 1 |uf-
G \ - i on; Gdu.i r ; cs (n erg a.
I.L\r,Tl3iORr., June -t !; i “3 ).
| Sir — A ji.st ri spoil for i!e Suite
o!'Gcejghi, jird a ii« sire to c.voij a
; miserusiiik 11cn \ii.icli mi.1:1 be ct-
; I e nded witbc\il eei.scqac i.iu-s, st i.ni
to me to call fur a cciiiiiiunication
whieli, under (I'm r cin unislr.iHcs,
might well be dot med i.flii ions cud
iut i usi\ a-. Il;e ext iti nu nt with ie-
gard to the hidians w ithii yc. i biub is
is aheady so high, and. in this sin e of
feeiing. nieasuK s of the mi si inicri nt
I < haraeter are so i usily tuisappri 111 d
!(d and convened into causes < I clu .( e.
1' ln.t l persuade ruy c e|f your I’.XitIIci:-
cv wiil at least ijq icue the motive cf
' ii;:s letter as a measure of j once.
1 The Cherokee nation have crr.scli-
i ed me, professionally, as to tlicii rights
tinder ill ii various treaties w ith tb.o
United States. Among othei qurs-
! lions they have asked me whether,
under the federal constitution, laws
and treaties, the Stale of Georgia hrs
tin* right to extend her laws eodipu!-
sively, into tin ir nation; and whether
lliis question can cr cannot he carried
lor decision loth** Supreme Ccurt of
the United Slates? I am fully aw are
j ot (Tie set inns import of these rues-
tions, and regret exceedingly that they
have ar.sen. I foresee distinctly tlie
disastiotis consequmces which n;r>v
be made to flow from giving the n n*
troversy this direction: ami vet if it
be met and conducted with proper
temper, as I I• ust it will, it is quite
ns apparent that it may prove th«t
means of peace ami l eqcticiliniiun. F