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T
IBIAIS’ ADVOC ATE
he fc’jrttsi?
^OjOGrc^tfJTFOR Tlii SENEFIT OF THE CHEROKEE NATION, AND JiUvO'
NEW jEOHOTii, SATURDAY OCTOBER 23,1830
VOX.. XXX
/miian is gone, let it not be forgoi o
that lie lias a more valuable substf
tute for bis support.
laws? It is not possible
can lire contented and happy.
JV*. Y. Observer
When General Jackson came into of-
rKiKif.u weekly nv
JNO. F. WIIEELER,
At $2 60 if (laid ip advance, $8 in six
jnqAlhs, or $3 60 if paid at the end o the
^ C *|*o subscribers who can read only the
Cblrbkre language the. price will be $2,00
In advance, or $2,50 to be paid within the
^ Every subscription will be considered as
continued unless subscribers give notice to
4ht> CORtmry before thc*dr«nyicnccment of a
•ew year,and all arrearages upid. -
Any perfOn procuring six subscribers
and becoming rcHponiible for the payment,
uall receive a wrenihjcaitj**
Advertisements will b^njeitcd at seven-
ty-llve cents per square flwHte first inser
tion, ant’ thirty-sev cn and ajtalf cents for
each conunuance; longer ones m propor-
tion.
All tellers addressed to the Editor,
^jroat ptp},. wUlrece^ve iluo^cptiojb
titics of corn and oilier provisions,
and yet they arc supplied almost ex
clusively from the products of this
country. Thousands of bushels of corn
corn sold by natives every year, which
are raised by full Chcrokees, to trav
ellers and di overs. Within two miles
of my residence are two public hous
es, owned and kept by natives. To
my own personal knowledge, large
droves of horses and hogs are very
frequently supplied with corn for the
night at each of these taverns. 1
have known as many as 1,400 hogs
and their drivers to be supplied at the
same time at one of these Indian
bouses. Nor arc instances of this
kind rare. A part of the corn sold at
these public houses is raised by their
owners, and a part purchased of full
'JffcSpeaU. TITO V?
From the SkcncatalrsTelegraph.
THE CHEROKELS.
It is truly painful to read, front
week to week, of the oppressive, not
to say degrading and abominable no ; s-
ures, put in operation to afflict this
unhappy people, and drive them front
their immemorial and till recently nc*
knovviedgrd inheritance. They now
are, and for some time have been,
subjected to arts aml‘ indignities alto*
gether too trying and vexatious, toO
unjust and debasing for common forti
tude to bear. And it certainly is nd
less surprising to us titan creditable
to the sufferers, that so lilfle disposi
tion to violence has prevailed among
sRunj — _
Our fathers were la:.etr-rnwvnnr>
CONDITION OF THE CHERO-
KEES.
A gentleman who has resided for a
considerable lime in the Cliprokee na
tion, writes to his friend i$ this city
as follows:—JVV Y. Observe ip.
Carmel, Cherokee Nation, )
September 6, 1830./- y
,■ Dear Sir—As I am persuaded that
you feel deeply interested in behalf of
the Cherokee Indians, it is presumed
that any statements of mine tendiag
to show their present condition, will
n# be unacceptable. Yon will rec
ollect that I have made my residence
in the Cherokee natiou'for more than
^c-yegr atyj eight^^s. JJ^c^
the Federal ronffTc/fing from'ADgtfiP
tn, Geo. to Nashville., Tenn. about
forty miles from kilo white settle
ments of the former, and sixty from
tliQsc of the latter finfe. I shall con
tent myself, at preset, with mention
ing a few fads onlip some of which
may not h^ve conic to your knowl
edge. /•
During my residence here, much of
ttiy .time has been spbnt in travelling.
1 have been in aTqifet all parts of this
nation. My travels have be on gener
ally however, in;\he more destitute
our government. One word from his
lips uttered in Washington last winter
—“the Union must bepreserted”— de
stroyed the nullification party in Con
gress; and one word from .his lips,
when lie •entered the Presidential chair
—“The faith of the nation must be
preserved”—would have made the ty
rannical laws of Georgia, and her
sister states as inoperative as the or
dinances of Charles the X. This one
word uttered by General Jackson,
with his characteristic decision,
would have saved the Indians,— saved
the reputation of the country,—saved
his own reputation, and not only saved
it,’ bhf jffifred^riHMfciir on I lie IwA- rof,
men illustrious for stern justice and
integrity, as well as for heroic cour
age. This word, lie did not utter.
With an infatuation scarcely surpass
ed by that of Ihe Ex-King of Fr; nee,
ho chose rather to nullify the solemn
treaties and legislation of forty years,
and stultify all his predecessors in oF
ficc. What could be expected frripT
sueh rashness but trouble on every
side, and jiUfficttUks inextricable.
Nor is it surprising, that in attempt
ing to reconcile what is irreconcilable,
he should run into tlie wildest incon-
AGENTS F&H THE CHEROKEE
PHCENiX.
The following persons arc authorized to
receive subscriptions and payments for the
OtVy AD htUEfcSJ.
VeA*X<*.X TAAU* JLlfBAA Iv4o®.I.
n®AE kta n$p wo.iuj.
tctz TEvec-r* DO.iAoei-<ii)a
Tcrz VJJ 5 T«50-A TB D0JAc3>Iv<n).I, KT
D9-»<y>«JB.l DSaAwF.Z TR VW
noiAHi-aa, o-yAT d^p o j oj r.r-4^.i.
owyz &CvR .iiiWii.irfty, wf«v* ds-i
oenin.r T-iA^.l vyXiif&TGrZ TE35«-r» DO^
.ta.».tv.a.i.'Sx'feflz n;p o<ay*v* o ^mr
WJIRD«i;
AJherokee Phoenix.
Meksrs. Peihce & Williams, No. 20
Market StJBoston, Mass.
George M. Tracy, Agentof tlto A. B.
IIovCa. FiVirt^janandaigua, N. Y.
Thomas. IfiSTixos, Ulioa, N. Y. >
ReV. James Campbell, Beaufort, S. C.
William Moultrie Reid, Charleston,
8. C.
Col. George Smith, Statesville, W. T.
Jeremiah Austil, Mobile, Ala.
Rev ;,Cyihjs Kingsbury, Mayhcw, Choc-
t»W.Naticn.
Cant. William Robertso.;, Augusta
Goo.
Cob’ James Turk, Uellefonte, Ala.
. n^AKae^wnrj«MarM.<Kn>a
INDIANS.
sistency is strikingly mnnu.lest in the
following paragraphs, which follow j ersed in that poir foti of this -country
each .oilier in immediate Micccssion j called the Valley Towns. I have al
ia bis talk to file Cliif knsaws,* '(so visited many fa nilies at their own
Brothers, listen—The laws to which homes, learned tbtjir mode of living,
must be subjected, not op- witnessed, in s^e instances,- their
pressiveffof-they areiJwse irimcT^fovr^irrmr-j m^^Tt»n<L"imriiFftfh-
ujiile brothers conform and are happy, ers, experienced their kindness and
Under them, you will not be permit-) hospitality. One prominent object
ted to seek piivate revenge, but in ! with mo in all tny intercourse with
all eases where wrong may he done, j the Cherokces, has been, to ascertain
you are through them to seek redress, their true condition
No taxes upon your property or your
selves, except such as may be im
posed upon a white brother, will be
assessed against you. The courts
ll lias been said and reiterated in
(he car of the public, that the game
of the Indians is principally gone; that
they are an idle, intemperate race.
will be open for redress of wrongs; that they never can bo be effectually
titles of corn raised and sold by white
citizens, because I wish to confine
my remarks to natives. But if the
Cherokces, ns a body, are in such a
stale of want as has been represented,
where are such quantities of corn
and other provisions obtained to sup
ply the calls of travellers? If they
never can be taught industrious hab
its, bow is it that they %n annually
dispose of their thousands of bushels
of corn? Their sales are not. howev
er eonfined to the single article.•of
corn. Large numbers of eallle and
hogs are soid by them every year to
citizens of Georgia and of other
states:* Large dr<*os of cattle pur
chased in this nation arc driven an
nually to Virginia, and some are ta-
k«H ahd «old Hi the Pennsylvania mar
kets. I am personally acquainted
with individuals engaged in this bu
siness. Cattle raised in this nation, 1
am informed, arc sold in markets as
far distant as Philadelphia, m the
State of Pennsylvania.
Wheat is also raised in some parts
of this nation. As many as live or six of
my own neighbors have procured good
irons of this valuable article the pres-
. 1 nv • l . • n.
and bad men will be made answerable taught industrious and sober habits,
The talk of President Jackson to
Uift Chickasaw Indians is going the
round of the papers. We have nut
room-lo insert this document entire;
and-indeed, it is peculiarly trying to
our feelings, at a moment when so
much of our columns is devoted to a
record of the noble sentiments and
magnanimous conduat of the French
people, and especially of ocr illustri
ous Lafayette, to be obliged to refer
at all to a history so opposite in its
character, and so humiliating to all
patriotic Americans. The story
of the treatment of the aborigines of
tlwi jOeuHtvy by the -whites, will be
read* by posterity with as much inter
est as that of the revolution in
France; and the names ol tlm Chief
actors in the scenes which it describes,
will live at least equally long in tlm
memory of future limes. _ It is a sto-
yy which has its bright and its dark
spots. Amid much that is lobe de
plored, the names of Elliott, May-
liew, Brainerd. Penn, Washington,
Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe,
throw their lustre over a period of
for whatever crimes or misdemeanors
may be committed by any of your
people, or our own.
“Brothers, listen—To these laws:
where you are, you must submit;
there is no preventionngtto-tother al
ternative. Your grea
nor can Congress preV
states only can. What then? Do
you believe that you can live under those
laics? That you can surrender all
your aiicteiil habits and the forms by
which you havt been so long controll
ed? If so, your great father has no
thing to say or advise. He lias only
to express a hope, that you may find
happiness in the determination you
shall make whatever it may he. His
earnest desire is, that yon may be per
petuated aird preserved as a nation,
and this he believes can only be done
and secured by your consent to remove
to a country beyond the Mississippi,
which for the happiness of our red
friends Was laid out by the govern
ment a long time since, and to which
it was expected ere this they would
have gone. Where you are, it is not
possible you can lire contented and hap-
and that so large a portion of them are
now in actual want, that the cause
of humanity calls for their removal to
the wilderness of I lie west, in order
to bettor their condition. I am aware
that these, and similar statements
rcannot, hsvc been already ably refuted, yet I
it. The fully believe, that the truth is not yet
two hundred years. But then begins a /);/. Besides the Laws of Mississippi
tale of meanness, duplicity and per
fidy, which will confer upon this gen
eration, and especially upon some of
the distinguished rnen now on the
•tage, an ignominy as deep and as du
rable as the glory of Lafayette.
/i. The first act .which tarnished the
reputation of our republic was the
ratification of the Jreaty with the
Creeks at the Indian Springs by the
Senate of the United Stales, at a
time when they had on their table
iclear evidence o( the base fraud by
which it was obtained. That treaty
was signed by Mr. Adams; and al
though ho subsequently procured its
annulment, there was nb proper a-
tonement for the sin. That treaty o-
ppned the door for all the tyranny and
which must operate upon you, and
which your father cannot prevent,
white moil continually intruding are
With difficulty kept off your lands,
and difficulties continue to increase
around you.
The first of these paragraphs ap
pears to have been intended for the
earsoftlio whites, for those north
ern philanthropists who complain of
the cruelty of subjecting the Indians
to the laws of the slates. To them
he.says, “These laws 'are not oppres
sive!,”—Bnd would apparently per
suade us to require the Indians to o-
bey them is not cruel. The second
paragraph is for the Indians, and with
a view to induce them to emigrate to
the Arkansas, he says,
Oppresswhich hnvw followed. J lievo you can (pc
known, relative to the situation of
the Cherokces, and.consequently, that
every item of information-on this sub
ject, may in some way subserve the
cause of justice and truth. That the
gnmo of ihe Cherokces is chiefly gone
is not denied, but it is not true that
they arc thereby deprived of com
fortable means of subsistence. Yet
(lie impression which persons giving
the above representation would make
on the public mind, appears to be
that they have not a better, or an e-
tpial substitute for their game. It
becomes necessary, therefore to re
peat the fact which has been before
slated that the Chcrokees, instead of
depending, as they once did, upttn the
deer and the buffalo for support, now
depend upon their flocks and their
nerds and then- cornfields. I know
not of a single family which depend?
solely upon hunting for support. In
dividuals it is true, spend much time
in the pursuit of game, yet so far as
my knowledge extends, no Cherokee
expects to maintain a family by so
doing. ‘ '
The following facts show, that as a
nntion, (lie Chcrokees have not only a
comfortable means of support for
their own population, but that they
have something to spare for the use
of their neighbors. There are three
or four public roads leading from
Georgia to Tennessee through this na
tion; These roads are much travell
ed. Besides persons on ordinary bu
siness, may be sebn drovers with
large numbers of horses, mules, and
Do you he- hogs, passing from Kentucky and Ten
under those nessee to Georgia. While in this na
enl season. This wheal is floured at
a mill owned by natives. 1 have seen
of the flour, and hesitate not in say
ing that it would he considered mer
chantable in any market.
Another fact worthy of mention is.
that from a single Indian (own, called
Ellijay,fourteen miles from this place,
were conveyed, during tin summer ol
1829, seventeen or eighteen loads ol
corn averaging from thirty to thirty-
five bushels each. This corn was
purchased by inhabitants ol Georgia,
and carried on wagons seventy miles
to some of the counties of that state
contiguous to this nation. It passed
my own dwelling on its way to Geor
gia. Seven loads of it were purchas
ed of two full Cherokces, a man and
his wife, whose names are Notchcer
and Alescy. It must not he emitted
here that Ellijay is a dark Indian
town fourteeu miles from the public
road. Similar statements might, 1
doubt not, lie made respecting other
parts of this nation, hut I have chosen
to confine my remarks chiefly to fads
which have occurred under my own
observation.
And do not these fads show directly
the reverse of what lias been so often
iCP s
said of this people? If (lie Clierok
an sell hundreds of cattle and bogs
annually, ami annually part.with thou
sands of bushels of corn to travellers,
and if seventeen or eighteen loads of
their own consent-, -and for purpose#
beyond their control; but they wrr&
never, w e believe, so completely dis
franchised, nor rendered so entirely
helpless and miserable as are th#
Cherokces at this time. Greatly in
deed were ‘ our' ancestors oppressed*,
but never were deprived of nonparti
cipation in (lie gfljtpmment; nor were
they ever exposed to trfSie flagrant
and intolerable abuses, than are now
enduied by the Cherokces.
But to our siies, open and deter
mined resistance promised a speedy
and permanent remedy. The nation
arose in its strength, and, by the la-
vor of Providence, asserted and es
tablished its “unalienable lights
Nol-&a the Jndinus. Keenly. rchruJo
as they are, to the unsparing crtu llo s
practiced upon them by their once de
pendent and indulged but now ungrate
ful oppressors, they have i.ot Ihe pow
er if they have the halination to oiler
a sanguinary am! effectual Resistance.
They did suppose, and with much
good reason, that a people whose his
tory tells so much of exile and op
pression from the mother country, and
so much of Indian credulity, and kind
ness, in a Hording them a shelter and a
homo in their distress, would deal
justly at least, if they did not greatly
cxccll Ihe uncultivated SAVAGE in
deeds of charity, when the circum
stances of each should be changed.—
And such a change lias long been anti
cipated. So early indeed, that had
not the above expectation been
strengthened by the most fair ami so
Icrnn promises, the progress of our
nation would have been materially re
tarded, if its very existence had i < t
been jeopardized. Treaty after trea
ty was made with them, in all of
which their sovereignty was acknowl
edged, either directly or indirectly —
And no less plainly were protection
and a regard to their rights, pledged
FOR EVER.
If they were not n sovereign people,,
why was it not known and asset ted
long since; and why was not the at
tempt made to convince them of tHsy
when they had the requisite power td
oppose usurpation and to punish the
intruder? If the national rights of
the Chcrokees were not distinct frnw
those of Georgia, how could the Gen
eral Government make treaties witU
them without violating state rights?
Can the United States form a treaty
wi]]la County, or with five Counties
wKtatwt considering and ackuouledg-
miJSfiem sovereigns? And if sover-
it can bo spared from a single Indian ! cigns, how can a State control them
" or lay claim to their territory? Can
(own. docs the cause of humanity call
or their removal to the bowline de
serts of the west, to prevent them
from perishing from want? The fnrts
I have mentioned show moreover that
corn, and beef, and pork can he ob
tained here on cheaper terms than in
the neighbouring-counties of Georgia.
If it be not so, bow', I ask, can pur
chasers oftlie.se articles afford to buy
and convey them seventy miles or
upwards either for their own use or
for the purpose of selling them again?
If iubo'true then that (ho game ofihe
an independent state lie within a sov
ereign st He? Our Constitullfin, our
President, Georgia, and nil fetional
men say no. Rut the Cherokces from
time immemorial, existed a sovereign
people, and claimed their possessions
independently of all governments. II ow
then can any reflecting people claim
them and their possessions ns a con
stituent part of a state to which they
never owed nor acknowledged allcci-
nnre? How could Georgia tomcly
permit treaties to be made with tlutifi
t .«
