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JcfjaBC-A
CHEROKEE FlsMlX & Ilf BEAMS’ ADVOCAT33
„.'l ; > 1 mm.
VOL. ra.
■TsrTrrrrKSSr
PRINTKD W5FKI.Y BY
JNO. F. WHEELER,
NDSW SfflHOTA, SATURDAY rfD7EHB3R 2®, 183®.
NO, 17.
At 5fi5° *f l' JV,d irt *<N«i»*.e, W3 '» six
months or $S 50 if paid at the end o the
^To subscribers who can read only the
jCIiToitee language th<». price will he #2.00
in advance, or 82,50 to be paid witlun the
V'par.
t’very subscription will he considered as
enn'inucrl unless subscribers give notice to
t},e contrary before the commencement of a
«p\v year,ami all arrearages paid.
\nv person procuring six subscribers
ftjjd becoming responsible for the payment,
(Shall receive a seventh grat is.
Advertisements will be inserted at seven-
lauds within certain boundaries? To
this question the Senate gave a unan
imous answer in (lie affirmative:!—
This was in August, 1789. The next
year a treaty was made, on the ba
sis thus deliberately approved, con
taining an article of express guaranty;
and the treaty vas' unanimously rati
fied by the Senate. The President
then proposed the same question to
the Senate, with reference to the
Cheroke.es, and received the s me
affirmative answer. A treaty was
St; tes, ii’regard to our intercourse
with tln^rtKiiGw; and (hai # separate
State can defeat and annul the most
solemn stipulations made with these
aboriginal communities Will the
world believe this? Will any honest,
disinterested man believe it? What!
shall the ni"8t solemn transactions of
twenty-four States, united under one
Government, and thus forming one na
tion, he defeated by the doings of one
State out of the twenty-four? Shall
this he done, when to the National
accordingly made with that tribe, on Government is committed the power
the same basis, in the year 1791,
a ,, on oia> in in* I chi ■ i «/ ■ >
iy-Ove centR per square or u ns lnsm vv hi c h was also unanim msly ratified.
lion, an< thirty-seven ami a nati cents ior, , j
feacb conunuaacc; longer ones in proper-1 / hus, in tne course of two years, that
$ion.
vU3 > .VU letters addressed to the Editor,
post paid, will receive due attention.
Jd'JlUO-.A JJ n Ii81 J E6.S J-
¥>O.VLXwS.I TAAiT 5 U>Y* Jlitf B A«I
B®.1E .liiCJfi.iMjy Kl'-O. D^P O a O,inj
£ Trrz T^.Jao*"r' , DO.i«5*si v d9»i
• t*T.P T.-30-A TJl D9I>V*1 V <®.1, KT
Dv-i om.iiKt n't.zAoir t• yiv j
t>o.i^>o®i*'ot*l, o^r.lT d?p cho.ib.i | word was repeated in (lie year 1798.
i.Mvyz ohvr ancjiwiwy, \vf*v’ dt-o anti declared to be forever. In nu-
0°oir,.i ii-4o?a ■p'l.iut’, tctz Tr.Ato-t’do* incrous other compacts these funda-
I illustrious body of men bad the sub
ject of Indian rights under considera
tion at least four times; and lour
times they decided that the United
States ought to guaranty, and would
guaranty, to the Indians, an inviolable
territory, carrying with it, of course,
all the privileges of self-government.
It is impossible to doubt as to the |
meanina' of the word guaranty; and this
J.,e>[ftKc3>.I. KT.O.Z
H.1K D0J«ftl«<a.l.
DJ1P 0,<ty*V' CM-IB.
mental articles arc sanctioned, and re-
I affirmed in the most solemn manner.
In a word, Gen. Washington and
his cabinet, after the most thorough
consideration and dis Mission were
AGENTS EOlt THE CHEROKEE
PR (BN IX.
The following persons are authorized to ; perfectly united and decided in favour
receive subscriptions and, pay moats for the. I 0 p protecting the Indians in their
. Cherokee PIkbiux. I rights of
Messrs. Felice & Williams, No. 20
Market St. 13 ton, Mass.
territory and government
There is not the slightest evidence
that any member of any cabinet, un-
i dor the six first Presidents of the Uni
ted States, ever doubted on this sub-
jc t; or ever supposed, for a mo
ment, that it would he right for the
separate slates, or the general govern
ment, to extend laws over the Indians,
I without their consent. Thus during
forty years, the decisions and meas-
I lire* of all administrations were uni
form in regard to the rights of the In
dians.
Every Senate of the United States
and every House of Representatives,
have sanctioned these principles,
RIGHTS OF THE IN 1)1 vN S. do '™!° l f. e < 4 '! 0Sl! of,l,e ', nst Congresa;
and, in all the research which lias
At a lute political meeting at Fan-! been applied to the Indian ques-
.euii Hall in Huston, the treatment *>l tiou recently, it lias not been
the Indians by tho present Adininis-, f*ouml that ever a single member
{ration being under diseussio , Air. of either house of Congress, anterior
Courts, (lie author we believe of tUe j to the year 1837, asserted or main-
pssu)s signed “Wm. Penn,” thus for-; toinecJ doctrines opposite to those
cmiy and eloquently set for>r; liicir which have now been explained,
clai i/s, and our responsibilities. Let | The Supreme Court of the United
bis concluding words be deeply jioii- States lias expressed an opinion to the
^' ,'1; —Y. American ! sarm* general effect, bv saying that
' be clai instil the Indians rest on the original inhabitants of .America have
a Ik al as ter.ll ns juri claim to their
lif.wr.GE M. Pricy, Agent of tho A. 13.
(j. E. M. New York,
Her. A. J). Eddy, Canandaigua, N. Y,
Thomas Hastings, Utica, N. Y,
Itov. James Campbell, ILaulbiT, S. C.
William Moultrie Reid, Charleston,
.8. C.
Col. Georoe Smith, Statesville, W. T.
Jeremiah Austil, Mobile, Ala.
Rev. Cvnus Kingsbury, Mayhew,Choc
taw Nation.
' OapL William Robertson, Augusta
G co.
Co'.* James Turk Ddlefonte, .Via.
«mo|i ti juk «m>i.04attonufT
INDIANS.
tj’e following foundations.
All communities have a perfect
fight to territory, of which they h;n«
b'-en in immemorial possession Tne
Southwestern tribes have been thus in
jp >3session of their countries rosp- -
lively, within known houud.ni s.
Thus their original right is perG
>vhet!ior we have acknowledged it >r-
not And there never was •'ius’en- e,
from the first settlenient of 810 B it-
3sh colonies to the year 18'*1, of the
country, and a right to use it according
to i ieir discretion.”
Thus, all the co-ordinate branches
of our government have settled the
question; and, by the legislative and
of peace and war, treaties, and for
eign intercourse; and when all these,
powers are expressly surrendered by
the separate Stages; and when every
State is solemnly hound by its own
act not to exercise any one of these
powers?
It remains, Mr. Chairman, for the
people of the United States to say
u hetlier their engagements with the
Indians shall he violated, or whether
the public faith shall lie preserved.
Ii is.» i*'- t iiVolnl question, and the
peojilte are to decide it; and they are
to decide it by declaring, through
their representatives, that the laws of
the land shall be executed. Why
should not a stand be taken here?
If our honor is to remain untarnished,
if oui national character is to be sus
tained; if the union of the States is
to be preserved; it must be done by
the sovereign authority of law,—bv
a faithful execution of compac ts,
which are the supreme law of the
land.
A saying of the great Roman ora
tor found its way very properly into
one of the newspapers yesterday, to
this effect: Lf.t it hi written on
THE FOREHEAD OF EVERY CITIZEN
WHAT HE THINKS ON THIS QUESTION.
Never was there ail occasion or
which the rein irk was more apnlica-
bl ‘
than if is in regard lo our treatment
of the Indians. If the electors do not
write on their foreheads, honor, in-
TIGRITY, FIDELITY TO OUR ENGAGE
MENTS, other influences will prevail,
and we shall be obliged to receive a
brand upon our foreheads, deep, in
delible, infamous,—a brand not mere
ly transmissible to posterity, but cer
tainly to be transmitted,—which all
men will read is words like these:
PERFIDY TO WEAK AND DEPENDENT
ALLIES; PERFIDY TO SOLEMN OBLIGA
TIONS A HUNDRED TIMES REPEATED;
PERFIDY COMMITTED DELIBERATELY
AND FOR TIIE SMALLEST CONCEIVA
BLE TEMPTATION.
to be absolved from the constant re*
collection of bis own country and it*
morals anrt instilmieii!*. 17r m Mr*
G. C. Verblanck, a native of this city-
be said be bad hoped better things^
It was but recently that with bis pen'
this gentleman had eloquently paid bis
tribute to the statesman whose m> rrr=-
cry is hallowed among us all, and who
espoused the cause of the poor In
dians.—Yet when the insult above
spoken of was committed, Mr. Ycr-
planck was silent; and when the party
vote was taken, be voted for the
measure of oppression and tyranny*
which, if carried into effect, will bring
down the judicial vengeance of Provi
dence. After speaking of these gorf*.
tinmen, born on the American soil*
who bad thus disappointed the honest
hope of all the lovers of justice, he
spoke of Mr. Campbell P. White, a
native of Ireland. On the struggles of
the oppressed people of that glorious
land for their freedom, all the lovers
of liberty have looked with the deep
est interest; and this country has been
the place of refuge for the exiles of
Erin. Flying from persecution at.
home, it was expected that, they of
all men would be the last to indicate
oppression in the country of their a-
doption* But in this instance too we
have experienced a most melancholy
disappointment.”
The followin'*, resolutions were (hen
adopted by the meeting:
“Resolved, That 1 lie Tribes of
South Western Indians are qualified
sovereignties in alliance with, and un
der tlie protection of, the United Stines
by express treaties; that they are
competent <0 treat and contract a-s-
States, and having a perfect and ab
solute title to the soil, and entire
power and authority to make law-s
and ordinances for their own internal
government and regulation; that such
to the people of the United Stales j sovereignty has been recognised from
Indian Meeting in Jvcic York.—The
New York papers of Saturday inform
us that on Friday Evening last there
was a meeting, at the Masonic Hall
in that city, of the citizens who are
opposed to the Indian Bill, to concert
•government ol the parent country, or < f],,nr of the Senate, by the chairman
of a colony, or ol a state, asserting of the Committee on Indian Affairs,
that the lands ol tne Indians might Uti; that the meaning of the treaties is
taken from them without their von* plain, and that they were understood
•pent; nor was th . an instance, with- [ } y ii 1f , parties according to the obvi-
in the period ment ioned, of any such j ft us meaning of the words. Let us
government extending, or claiming a : |„ 0 k a moment at this admission,
tight to extend, the laws of the. Washington and his cabinet supposed
whites oyer tribes of Indians living on , that the United States wero bound
eze itive branches it has been set- what measures should lie adopted in
t’ci! as solemnly, as deliberately, and I iclation to theelectionofrepresenta-
as uniformly, as any question can be | fives in Congress. As soon ns the
settled. I doors of the Hall were opened, their
Indeed it is admitted, universally, | was a rush, and from twenty five htin-
an>l was expressly admitted on tlieidrcdto three thousand citizens found
their way into the Hall. Colonel
their original territory, arid
tlwir own laws and customs.
From tlie commencement nf our
^national exisfairo, the rights of the
under by treaties with tlie Indians. Mr.
Jefferson and his cabinet supposed wo
were bound. Every Senate and ev
ery House of Representatives sup-
Jhidinns wero fully admitted by the , posed wo were bound. All our pub
general government. 1 lie functionaries and especially tho
When the federal constitution : Secretary of War and Indian Agents,
went into operation, one of the first J were perpetually representing to the
exercise of the treatv-making power, j Indians that we were hound. The
if not the very first, was a formal pro-' Indians thought so: tho American peo-
.pnsal to the Senate, by the President, pip thought so;fc the world thought so.
•f the United States, asking the ad-1 And why are we not hound? It is
vice and consent of that body, wheth* now discovered, forsooth, that the
jer the fT iifed States should enranty I Government of the United S/atps
!to the Cvevk nation of ludiaus all thair j caniist biftd tho people of the United |*
Trumbull was then called to the chair,
and a very eloquent, address was de
livered by Mathew C. Patterson,
Esq. in which he gave 11 history of
our connection with the Indian tribes,
from the commencement of our gov
ernment to this day. I11 strong and
respectful terms, he censured the
course of the present representatives
from llie city to Congress. We ex
tract from the Commercial Adverti
ser an abstract of this part of Mr.
Patterson’s remarks:
• .ATlf. Journal.
“For Mr. Clinrobreleng. he said
some excuse might be found—that it
was a law of our nature, that our at
tachments and affections should rally
round tho place which gave us birth—
that, bred in the Southern country, i
was natural that his feelings sliou
accord with its wishes awl its interests
that wo could no more expect Aim
the settlement of this country until
within a very recent period; that (he
right of Indians to their own
lands was always acknowledged during
our colonial existence, and has been
openly and distinctly confirmed by
more than two hundred treaties made
with them by the United States; that
Congress, on innumerable occasions,
the Father of his country, and the,
author of the declaration ef indepen
dence, all concurred in a sentiment e-
qually conformable to the just rights
of the Indians, and the dictates ol
justice and humanity.
Resolved, That we have wit-,
nessed with intense pain and mortift.
cation, the recent attempt, to wrest
by force, from their lawful proprie
tors, the Indian lands within the State*
of the Union, by laws unprecedented
In melr pros isious, uciusive as 10 lidr
proposed object, and unconstitutbnaJ
and unjust in their character; lhr- lye
have witnessed with alarm th °d**
cial communications of Gove ime,r t
lo the Indians, by which the. I tempt
of the States to extend their,^uriscin> v
tion over them is directly g ictioiud;
that the General Gove* ,me,1 L %
thus lending its influence ♦ those pier
tensions, has abandoned ,ie sound ;-iuT
humane maxims ofevT , preceding
administrations, and p*’ en J ust 8 rpm, o
of offence to every advocate of hu
manity, & the present* 011 the faith
of treaties.
Resolved. The inasmuch as the
General Gover‘ ncn t have, ky the
terms of lifter* treaties, “solemnly
guarantied to*k® Cherokee nation all
their lands” i*t previously ceded, that
inasmuch a Ly the treaty between
the Chcrol/Sos and the United Suites,
July, I8jL it is stated, that with a
view to the establishment of fixed
laws a<d a regular government tlie
C|iorol«cs ceded certain of their
binds, the United Slates guarantied
ho 'cmninder from the intrusion of
the whites; that any attempt to tske
these lands from the Cherokees rvilli
mit their free consent is a flagrant vi
olation of the faith of treaties, n dtor,