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iftDIAWS’ ADVOCATE,
la. BOVDXiTOTy EDITOR.
NEW ECHO T A, SATURDAY JOEY 9, 1831.
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•w y a <r j» v o» Jt Jt d u » u e a.® a
v« VfcXiWU TAj>r WW* SliiTHAa Jv4u»^l •
r>«vlE JlifliJloiy KTa D$l> O'OJBJI
: -y rcr z D0J»%c^I-u®ai
T-CTZ fe&P Tv®0“A. TB DO.I-^Ko*.!, KT
K4<3U ' DV^IAoCEZ TB JUV
0-yvl D4R 0»0JBa K4o®Jt-
ftwyi o»?„r. juw./ia<n>y,“ wp.v
Hpe;i,H.T tv4*4 s s %ani", > T<rz oe-
J* Ki'az D.JP Gd9yw* V»4B-
tran d*j*<*w<»4-
to iearn* wisdom from the jrivid i
f CO
r issue
tfaitons furnished by cotemporaneous . verf 1 aoon,'^ another military chief,
events, a belt
been anticipate
to tht strugjfl *
shopk oil her a
unhappily- for
wise in their doubts.
• of the colqnh
llfegiance. • $b«
r proph,etiO/«0]
mtfcffU
sagacioiiil
*f .'who
v were,
#? op 5 to i
At b'eedonr,’*’
permanent tranquility. But
bob a to.
as old Chaucer sings, “is a glorious
thing.” But when did an enthralled
nation buy it, without blood and tearsA
such was the necessary effect of tra
ditional superstitulion,' that Spain,
without any respectable fraction of
the resources of J£ng!and or France,
at the periods referred to, Undertook,
in her solemn imbecility, to leconqtier
countries larger tb tn the former col
onial possessions of England, now a
part oP the United flatffr, er than
San Domingo. - This lyorse ;.lh«n
jb»^ fv4o»J dua*e« tb yw Quixotic effort' has,-proved**equally
Ovya d^p, op«jb j K4*a- unfortmiate to herself and to her for-
— - 1 —" 1 rner colonies. *" |($e'^^.w'.^-Wst j»'t
least about fifty tliuusand:of fiAi • reg
ular troops, ond a hundred millions of
dollars, in the vain, attempt; aftif-ex*
hibi'ts now but the skeleton'of an ein-
Prgia the New York Spectator. pure,- 1 — the unreal mockery of a proud
MEXICO. *- an<T independent nation. Her anti-
The important political eventB quated obstinacy, and judicial blinil-
.\vl,ich have succeeded each ether so ness, whiyli has led her. to prosecute
Ully i Europe for sometime past j a disusterous and, so far as she is
,’•4*1 eiir,rossed the attention of the
et-ilizfd world, have necessarily oc-
V cn'ad a large^portioit of our columns.
T ic Anticipation of a grand crisis on
'the theatre of the world, its occqr-
toe, and its still pending and un-
tain ormsequcrr.’eS, have diverted
ot-ciVa>ioH from the comparatively
•m il political convulsion; which have
. . ablated the Southern Republics, of
this Continent. Each anival has
concerned, a ridiculous war, for
last twenty-years, has ruined
own commer
,vea
we,
the
he t
. . navigation,and wmn-
u fad u ie—nnd^jpt lig same tin!e heap
ed on hef“former .col oniei*, irtetrieva
bly lost to her, ramly evils which tiiue
has not cured; and from which they
cannot speedily recover. A season
able recognition of tbeir indepen
dence, when a powerless resistance
became foolish in the eyes of. the
brought us tales of bloodshed and oi l world, would have produced far more
revolution from the latter; but the J favorable results *-o herself and to
bloodshed has hre.eo. relatively, tr* j them. Her commerce atfd manufac-
flr g, and the changes of constitutions lures must have flourished to a grfeat-
h;<s been so frequent, that we looked
for a new one once a month at icast,
a* a matter of course, and almost
‘despaired of these republics.’
8 would have
Pirn however no one has a right-to
8V Discredit may be Thrown <»n the
cansh of Liberty bv abuse’s; but so it
inay h:»pprn even to t ie still holier
cause of Religion. Yet both have
gone on, and must goon, completing
.and tq conquer^ is not, however,
.lobe wondered at, that the iittpedh
y irwnt*- .which the firmer has met
tviiV, id the recently reclaimed por-
.iiiios rif fhe New worlJ. have induced*
v t'u> f. - qnent expression of the opinion
; 'that (lie P«.in of Emanclontieh was
pram if.ire, which, in 1810, .resound*
e;l p roin e.verv quarter of tiip enslafysil
'fr jtbghiirs'inrt* nTn"rt-*a q ' *
withnuf a Sort*p>f'reason that
^iSwoundcd pride of {.he former, lords***!';
•/. }here vast.^sevei ed dominions was
v ittplbyd by'''the suggestion that it-
would be an easy matter ngaih tb
- 'subject them to the Yoke, hoivever
deeply they had been sworn tft sus-
iin the* .pause of Liberty or to die in
sserting'it. But dues History Air-,
nish a solitary example of a gntj^d
olony. remote Iroln tb« parent *c*mf.
which, Aftei* having once shaken
liftqgpke, has again consented to
iresume it? Had^ it beeq a possihle
ing that sitch a miracle could Itave
‘•'"‘^netT, ih tly;,otder of political e-
tl>e,Bl’itish Empire surely would
n the Power most Hkedy to
brought it' about. But* what
nd, with' alTher wealfh and-
jffecL.^ii*..ber ^struggle with
eoUntry, except Hie’useless ftc-
d-ol men and money? The re-
■scpgmfipn of our independence was
y forced from the people of (Jr
n; for a British Monarch mu
compliance . with the decided
ulw scutiment. The rash
er| attempt (t> regain San
gt^madb by -Buonaparte, is
ther modern instance in point,-—
best equipped army in Etlrbpe
roitlessly sacrlllced bn that oc-
WiT.t\
Copld Spain* have be<pn expected
‘V-*' t -. i - * » v
er extent, and their
been less. .'ihe-'can-TSisrive no . possi
ble adjaptage from fUbir Rcvolutioi 9,
tediously sn c^ed, and their actual
misery. And to put the iinsupposa-
ble case that she could exterminate
the inhabitants of Mexico and Guata-
mala, and of all the countries in Sotth,
‘ America formerly under her sway,
i^liat could $ht make out of the desert?
The question see,m9, and is an idle
one-Ti.cre;*but the government of the
once mighty Spain, which exists hut
on suffer nee, and may be swept into
nothingness to-morrow, thinks far Oth
erwise* , * ■"
This stupid obstinacy has, hodrev
er,. prevented the progress of light
and know ledge among *tier former
Arfd’ if Vi as not -subjects, by keeping them in a con-
' f stant state of uycert.iirtty.. It is to
he added to the other moral ond phys
ical disadvantages under' which tjiey
labored, ai a potential embarrass
ment. It-has produced tiieif feverish
state, tbeir* revplptiqu»,' tac called,
th2ir fitfctrbni anil turmoilji. r-aod those
heart burnings which havVrttade some
of their ni/hiroi hotjfest patnptf i;jpiip
with pajicidal slVords the bpp'^ly of
tbeir country. ’ ’ . .
’Take the States, of Mexico as an
example—n cqphtry.with eight tbill-,
ions of .inhabitants-—a confederate rib-
publte bordering mi these United
States by a line as yet imperfectly
defined. ^ The blind obstinacy of
-General ”Lpbato. put? himself at the
bead of another ^abortive revolution,
which ended at jast in asking for the
dismissal of Spaniards from office, but
fora time nul (he goyeriMuent in jeo
pardy. Whed the Fcbhral Constitu
tion of these States was adopted . in
J824, there Was a fair promise that
the Republic-would go on in a regu
lar career pf increasing stability and
improvement, ipider the Presidency
of General Victoiia.* , But, in the
os establisnied their lodges, and- the
reign of diiicord began. The govern
ment was overawed, . Shd ks tree en
ergy paralysed. The-conapiracy. so
called of the Priest Arenas, in 1827,
Served t* strengthen this party, whtcjlt
took for its head onotber mijjW5ry
chief, Genffral Guerrbro. ’l^iey con
trived to implicate in its several dis
tinguished individuals who bad from
thf\»beginning been sworn ft tends of
Independence, and could .not have
been parties to a plot, -jhe object of
which was alleged-to be the re-sub
jection of the country to Spain. This
conspiracy real or imaginary, gave
the Yorkinos the power of complete
ly codtKolling the governraenl. One
of tlitir unwise and unjust measures,
as it would seem to us most unequiv
ocally to have been, was to cumpel
the National Legislature and those of
the several slates t* pass the law for
the. expulsion of the Spaniards.—
They were literally compelle#to pass
it. It threw the country into mourn
ing. It was not exactly ‘killing the
goose that laid the golden eg s;’ but
it was throwing all the eggs away,
when the goose had left off lay ing any
more.
The troubles which followed led
to what was cnlietl the ‘plan’ oi Mon
tano, originating in the views of many
intelligent and respectable men, who
sought to get rid of the virtual des
potism of the Yorkim-s, though it has
been misrepresented as baying a mon
archical tendency. It was suffocat
ed, The gallant but vain attempt of
Bravo to support it, and bis condem-
o-jUion and ejiile followed. Having
got the upper hand thus completely,
it only remained for them to elect
their Coryphaeus^General Guerrero,
to have full control of the destinies of
tne Republic,- and drive it to what
would seemingly have been its inevit
able fate—destruction. No means
draza, the President elect, fouud it
absolutely necessary to renounce his
lawful pretensions and become alt ex-
t
II©. The Congress of 1829, acting
under tbe same coercion, declared
Guerrero elected by a majority of
the States. They could not have
done btlierwise without exposing the
country to the peril of another conspi
racy’like .that which had so recent!
devastated the city; but they e
dcavoured to.qualify, iti some degree,
the di:graceful appearance of the
procedure, by naming Don Anasi’asio
succeeding^ear., the jfni ty of Yorkiti- j Bustamente, citizca held in univer
sal estimation, V4ce President. E-
vents, since pasf, have ptoyed the
wisd< as of this selection. Guerrero
entered upon Ids office fb April, ami
very soon, as is always the case in'
similar circumstances, -his partizans .
began to quarrel among themselves j
for the. (list ributfon of offices. .These j
contentions, general disgust at wbat.
was considered a usurping ad mini a- |
t eal ion, and the poverty t>f the tr.eas-
uty, dilapidated and drained by re-!
wards given to the authors of Guer
rero s devotion, produced the ci*sis
which led the Vice President in De
cember of this ygar, to make the
declaration at Jalapa, ivlpch may be
considered as the voice of the people';
for be was manifestly sustained by
public sentiment. Bp was hailed as
Liberator by the city, and by
greed upon, mutually advantageous
as it is believed, to both count t it s,
lor which they are indebted to the
good sense and friendly feelings of
the present administration in M«.v»
ico. The terms ol this tica'y will
be interesting, an* *we u nc.id
that if they are 6uch as we hope >or,
it will prove of more adva»tagc loan
the hqgsled ‘recovciy’ o! the Vest
India 'I'rade
We have extended these rtmarks
to a greatei length,-lbSii v< e had * \-
pected to do. “But ii is our iuli-n-
tion to advert to the affairs of Mex
ico more iVcqnentJy Ihait v« e h- \s
done; ss we have niiade at j , i'r< n.< i ts
fora more regular supples ol pa pc is
and advices from that county than i-e
have heretofore received;
l*-\ A v s,
PE AC E» AM ON U 'I' it E i N D1 \ N S-
Akka>‘-as, Mi? 25.
The following gratifying news of
Treaties of Peace ;*ucl Friendship
having been recuifly concluded he-
twce4i some of the priorip.d lodj.in
Tribe; on our western fr.mtii-r h.:s
been pol+tdy furnislird ns Ly gentle
men who left Cantonment Gibson a
few.days ago. Wo sincerely hope
they may be permanent,
meeting ol the Chiefs
A meeting ol the, Chiefs mid prin-
inost,. ctpn!sTO e n °f''three Indian tribes,.viz:
if not all, of the States, anffGuerreiO ; Cherokees. Creel b, and Osagr.s took
found it necessary to retire from of-1 plar-6 at Cantonment Gibson, on flie
tic*. How feeble his strength was,-5lh lust., where they remained in
has been proved by his. subsequent i Council 14 days. During thai pen-
attempts to disturb the peace of the • there were two Treaties of Peace
country. ahd Amity fentereH ir.fo—one between
The Congress "gave their solemn l*' 6 Creeks and Osages—a‘ d fho
sanction to the ‘Plan’ of Jalapa, and \ other between tho Cherokees and
declared it had been.th* salvation of j Osag.es.
the country. We have no leisure to | The difference tvlnch bad, for ..a
advert to the subsequent desperate sholt time past, exis ed between the.
attempts of the Yorkinos, which ter
minated in what was called the' Rev
olution of the SouthT This iosuirec-
Creeks and Osages, on account of
stolen property, Mas easily and ami
cably settled. But the dispute hc-
ukicli intrigue or their acquired in-! ehf raeter and si und education; of
fluertce gave.them were left uneai-1 Senator Mangjiio, in the Treasury De-
tion had for a time a serious charac-' twe^n the Cherokees and Osages
ter, A , but the nation supported tl|© ! °! '® n g standing, and « xtienu<|y d>ftl-
Vice P.esipent; and by liis energy ii j v cult ol adjustment to the satisfaction
was pul down. GenerarBustemente ' of both parties. During the first S or
hud the wisdom and good Tditiine to . 10 days of the meeting, (b* being the
associate- o ilh himself in his cabinet timp which vvas occupied by t!.«
four gentlemen of distinguished merit. | Greeks, ;,nd Osages in forming (!■’ ir
This is coiiftssedby Zavala lumsulf, j Treaty.,) the ■Cherokees am! Osages
one of the,moat staunch if tho York-, j manifested fio small degree of hostile
inos, in his Juicio Impartial. The'j*/ e ®l‘ n g toward each other, and seii-
miiiistry, says this geutlemanf “is | 0119 apprehensions nere entei-tained
composed oi Sen. Alarnan, Minister I that mischief miglit be occasioned by
of iorcigo relations, a citizen tljsiin- j some of them before the^adjurmnent
guistied alike for liis talents, moral]°1 Ike Council. But, terlunately for
Spain made it necessary for Uiem to
keep up a standing army, and all It#
evils have .ensued in
^ioa Ititrblde wb
the nead of the pa
olute in tne cause of Ini dqngbddnc*;
was scarcely seated on l|is shadowy
sprang up to destroy (he -goy^ernment
in itveradie and drive him into exile.
This revolution is known by the name
offhc^Plan’ of Cn*a Mata. ItP au
thor^ split into variousTactions, from
the beginning; though the. constitu
tive’ act by the seehnu constituent
Congress" appeared to :giv« •general
satisfaction,^and it was hoped it would
ployed* but they were, happily, as it
would appear, deserted by many of
their own partisans, who shrunk from
the measures, adopted; and the result
wljjeh they anticipated. They gave
the alarm, and Aere joined by ■ their
former opponents. Eleven States
effected Don manual Gonlez Pedra-
za' Py.esidont., This gentleman’s-
name bad not been much bruited by
ilie'voipe of popular clamor; but he
•^is known as a,man of lionoj, *integ-
-y and ability, by those tvho were
competent judges of the necessary
ualifikjations of a Chief Magistrrfte.
*he other nine States voted fpr th§
military cniuf Guerrero, a soldier of
foctune, and of ur.lucky fortune too,
as the event has proved. .
The Ydyhinos, of a portion of them,
pop
It# after the result of this elections was
known; but before the returns were
sAhtnitted t* Congress, had recourse
open, violence. General Santa
Anna thok iy) arms against the gov-
m 1€
eminent In 1828, but, notwjthstand-
fne, raised for him by his unadvised Ing the weakness of the latter, yvas
nds, when a host of milk dry chiefs- driven to a capitulation. The York-
'"' ' “ ' w-
meanwhile, becoming
inos, howeve
desper.ut*, effected what was called
another'revolution, which broke out
iq the capitai on the 30th of Novem
ber. * Guerrero, Zavala and Lobato
were tlje heads of this movement.-r-
Th* city* was given uj> to pillage,
and, for a few days, terror and crime
Ihd anarchy prevailed. General f*e-
partment, whose purity of character
and irreproachable conduct in'Ifis' ad
ministration are universally admired;
ol Don Ignacio Espinosa,• an ativo--
cute thoroughly versed in fepaijisit
Law, in the Department of Justice.^
And, as we learn from ijitelligent'men,
well affquaintcd vvith the state of*af-
faiis in iMexico; 6en 4 f acio the Min
ister o! War i* un^equaily useful and
active mjimber. of the Cabinet. It
must, be adhiitted to the -honor of
Bustemente and his ministers, that to
their- q|pe and energetic conduct of
public affair*, the Mexicans owe
tho termination of the war in Hhe
South, and the restoration of or
der.
To a partial extent, when com
pared iVith these United States, but
to a . great one in ,^'pmparisou with
their former condition, the empire of
the laws and the stability govern
ment is secured in tliosc of the South.
Rich in natural resources, they have
commenced a career which- may
.-prore a glorious ohe; and which we
should behold not. only without envy,
but with pride and gratification; be
cause our institations were their mod
els. They have imitated them m >re
olosely, ant),.thus far, wore success-
tullyj, than any of the other Repub
lics. Political fympathy, geographi
cal position, and natural commercial
facilities, connect them Arith us close;
ly.; A treaty of peac* has been a.
both parties, they were finally induc
ed to relinquish flu* claims 11 - s 1 each
set up against the other tor lives tak
en of cither tribe, nfid to agree on the
terms for a treaty of Pence and Am
ity between llieiwo Nations. Alter
the signing of the Treaty tht* individ
•his'of- both tribes’ riiinglt'd promis
cuously together, shook each oilier
cordially by the band, and separated
for tbeir respective homes, in appar
ent, friendship.
Great credit is d,ue to Col; Arbnc-
kleVGominanding Officer .at Canton
ment Gibson; Mr Vishon, Agent for
the Cherokees; Mr. P. L. Ckotenu,
Agent la the Osages, and Messrs.
Pryor ami McNair, Sub-Agents to the
Samo-tribe, for tlw*-zeal displayed by
them, respectively, id bringing aboufc
a reconciliation between the last men
tioned two tribes.
The Creek Agent* Mr.. Campbell; ,
was not present, not having returned
from Washington. The Creeks were
headed in Council, by their \Var
CJbiif* .Chilly * McIntosh, to whom •
much credit is.due Tor the prudent
and firm course which he pursued du
ring the" Council.
A number ofliorses which hatHieen.
stolen by tho Osagewvere giyen Bp^
after tbe^Treaty, to thjj Creejkt, Del-
awareS, and Sh’awneesGax: ,
Reportqp-
United
Richard Peters, Esq.
of the Supreme 0oiii4 of the
Sraffcs, has published, in an octavo
volume *f nearly three hundred pagein