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Frqjn Fort Gibson, I was about fir*
y—— 111 with ajl the Impetuous ofnjrijjlf pMj^yire | ... . -... .
aii; i ,et ui'Ui'n < al>lr ther i el;-iU ii.ui, engine, atd a ra.iid current. Furtu days descending* the Aikani»aa tu tne
Ih’.dihood, and perrevcrauce amiable, uately we had time to shear a little so
an 1 -their succo •» such as to give gen- as to receive the blow obliquely, which
c-al cncnu’-ngoameut. They have ne- earned away part of a wheel, and all
ver provoked prrsec'tion ainsng the- the upper works ou one side of the boat
heathen, nor .incurred reproach among From St. Louis I wept to Fort Jcff-
E irmea.i?, bv a weeuiar, sordid turbu- ferson, about nine miles distant, to
lent’spirtit. Their success canuot be ; see Black Hawk, the Indian warrior,
referred to the learning of their minis- ( and his fellow prisoners—a forlorn
te s, the richness nf , ii ids, orths names j crew, emaciated and dejected—the
and influence of greet patrons.— '1 he redoubtable chieftain himself, a incr
ease was far otherwise; in all these res- : gre old man upwards of seventy. Ho
peets they have lain under great dis-1 lias, h uvever, a tine head, a Roman
conrajierftnnts. Wo m «sl then acc >unt style of face, and a prep 'sscssing coun
ter tiieir success upon other principles;
an 1 they aro, I think* very obvious.
Their missionaries have been men of
a-leut piety. Their brethren had it in
their powor to h dd out no im >r >per in
due nents to the n They are all of
them volunteers; f’r it is an inviolable
maxim, with the M o’aviais, to persu
ade no man ti engages in missi >us,
Tney seldom make an altemt where
there a v o vnt a half -a-d >zen of them
in the Mission. They live together in
one fa nily, a id, where they find it ne
cessary, labour -vi h their own hands,
Hence their missionsare lass expensive
than those of any other people, they
ca i e igagp in m >re missions than they
would otherwise bn able to support; and
their missionaries a e enaled to snbsist.
where those of other denominations
W’>u Id starve. Tei r missionaries are en
tirely of one mind, as to the duct ripe s
thev teach, their mode of inculcating
them, and the discipline they exercise
ove their Hocks, Their habits are con.
genial, and accustomed for a course of
years to givw scrupulous attention to
every rule of thier chueh, few eases
can occur to produce diversity of judge
ment. They live together with the reg
ularity ofmonaotio institution; and the
frequent stated returns of devotional
e lercise's, keep u > the spirit of piety.
Thov have each of them their proper
department in the familv, and occupied
-as they are, with study, public and
de-rations, prcachin?, and the various
exercises of tire pastoral care, they
have no time to be idle. If any of
th-ir missionaries are carried oft’ by
sickness or carnality men of the same
stamp are ready to supply their place.
Thus mutually supporting and inspir
in': one another they are sheltered
fr m those teinoes/s, which discharge
thoi* fury on a fe v solitary beings,
bail/ united together, a id placed in
ci '■'i nstances, where th" zeal and a-
l.'ilitios of an individual, however great
oau affect little,”
tenance. * * # * * * *
At St. Louis, w<? bought horses f>r
ourselves, and a covered waggon for
our baggage, tents, provisions, Sic ;
anp travelled by land to independence,
a frontier hamlet offog-h>uses, suita
ted between two ind three hand ed
miles up the Missouri, on the utrn >st
verge of civilization * * *
F.iom Independence, we struck a
cross the Indian country, along the
line of the Indian missions; and ar
rived, on the 8th of October, after ten
or eleven days’ trnmp, at Fort Gfoson,
a frontier fort in A-kansas. Our jour
ney lay most entirely thr. ugh vast
prairies, or open grassy plains, diver
sified occasi vnally by beautiful groves,
and deep fertile bottoms al-eg the
streams of water. We lived in fron-
Mi3shsippi, in a steam-heat, a dis
tance of several hundred nines; i tnon
eontinued down the latter river to
f\ ew Orleans, where I passed some
days very pleasantly.
. New Qrjfeans is one of the must
nio.tly and amusing place of the Uni
ted States; a mixture ot Ainenca and
Europe.. /The French part ot the cny
is a, counterpart of some French pro
vincial towns; and the levee, or espla
nade, clang the river, presents the
m ist whimsical grouped of people of
•ill nations,.castes, colours; French,
Spanish, Indian, Half-Breed, Creoles,
•■{iiilatt. es, Kentuckians, txc. i pass
ed two days with M , on his sugar
plantation, just at the time when they
we^e making sugar * * ■ *
(o the reftfotest spi
lor them on tins’
c«; that eshbe found
side of the Tacit
fcYoin tho Arkansas Garotte,
Nt.gocialions with the Indians.—W«
are indebted to an Officer of the arm.,
at Fort Gibson, for - tho following let
ter, giving advice of the progress of
the negociations with the Indian tribes.
“Fort Gibson, 9th March 1633.
Sir— 1 The Commissioners appointed
by the President of the United States,
for the purpose of holding treaties
with, and setting, matters of dispute
relative to land boundaries, &c. aris
ing between the different Indian tribes,
west of the Mississippi river, were to
liave held a Council with the Osage
Nation, on the 25th of last month at
tho Grand Saline, on the Neosho riv
er; and on the 23d of the same month,
Maj. young of the United States Army,
with companies A. and D. of the 7til
From tho Mew Work Spectator.
M>rc h dim Treaties—A treaty
was concluded ft Fo:t Aunstrong, 11-
i jil is, Oil tno Lis Ot CSC
between the United States
part, and tho Sue anu Fox Indians on detached from this post, for the pur-
tiio other. It stipulates for a cessi >n pose of attending them during the op
to the former ota t; act of country in- ©rations of the council. The dctach-
cluded within the following bound, to meat arrived at tho point of dcstina-
wit: “ tion on the 24th, and formed their en-
Boginning on- the Mississippi liver, campnient near the Neosho. The
at tho point where tno Sac uud Fox Osages, about 700 in number, arrived
nbrjheru boundary line, as established -in the course of a few days afterwards,
tier and ‘ almost Indian style, camping j by the second # treie of tho t iame and pitched their camps about a mile
•ut at nights, except when we stopped j du ChiOn, of the loth of July, one distant;
at the Missionaries, scattered here a id thousand eight hund.ed and thirty, j The weather was cloudy and cold,
there in this vast wilderness. The strikes said liver;' thence, up said so much so, as to render the move-
weather was serene, and we encoun- boundary line to a point fifty miles ment* ofthe Indtans extremely tardy;
lara; and several dttifer ho#*,
>een pHindcrfcd. T'arties of i
Indians have been discovered wU
few miles of this place, within the
■en days,- approaching this co
from the direction of Red river, 1,
with articles of clothing, bed i
knives, spoons, and a variety o|
chundise, answering to the p r ,
stolen. As the depredating j.
used violence, in driving families
'their homes, and killed ahd drai
a number of cattle, it is sapp.
military force will, bci sent inti
rect.ion of Fort Towson, from this
as it is supposed’the re are still (
lurking in that vicinity. The
missioners can do nothing tnSreii
matter than direct the Inten
I aw, which is plain on the su’ij
be carried into effect —that is, d
the stolen goods of the Indians,
they refuse to surrender them,
port the matter to tho War
ment, that the proper steps
pr*nr
am
m
deJ
mad
... f Infantry, and Capt. Bean’s company ,
u £5c r teini.cT last of the United States Rangers, .was, at : taken, to secure indemnity to thi
states on the one the instance of the Commissioners, | ty injured. I am sorry to sav,
the Osage 3 have been very trouSii
lately—very little behind the Pt
and ICmanclioes.
The Commissioners aie ftow.
midst of the Cherokee and Creek
ty, for the purpose of establishing
boundaries. I trust wo shall]
in two or three days, and that
pufe about tlieir lines, existing btti
these tribes, will be adjusted in
a maimer j as not only . to gratify
who have already emigrated,
to induce the removal of the
duty,
Judi;
ictio©
,6. 3.
ike a©
cnroi
id, «
'V
id e
uird
«!,'«
;i<ro
disc
flOfl
ic. 4.
autho
the
* C
I) »
itory,
) be
■iropi
dian 1
».id
far 1
it or |
oath,
tered but ono rainy night and one thun-j from the Misslsniopi, measured on said a 'd they were so much under the in-
der storm, and I found sleeping in a line; thence, in a right line to the fluehce of a superstition, which is com*
tent a very sweet and healthy repose. I nearest point on the Red C-dar of the mon to the wild Indians of the west,
It was now upwards of three weeks I loway, dVmftes from the Mississippi that they could not bo prevailed on Jo
since I had left St. Louis and taken to i river; nee in a right line to a point g ' > !lto Council during tho contiufcnce
travelling on horseback, and it ag eed in the northern , boundary line of the of the cloudy weather. At length,
with me admirably. I State cf‘ Missouri, lifty miles, me as- however, on the seventh instant, the
On arrivingat Fort Gibson, we found u-ed on said boundary, ’froni the Mis- being clear and pleasant, the In-
that a rn Minted body of Rangers, near-! sisnppi river; thence, bv the last mea
ly a hundred, had set off two days be- 1 ti.Micd .boundary to the Mississippi
fore to mako a wide tour to the west j river, and by the western shore of eaid
and south, through tho wild hunting . river t? the place of bcgianin».
countries; by way of protecting tho | By a subsequent provisi on, there
friendly Indians, who had gone to the ; is reserved from tho f re." - inn- a tract
buffalo hunting, and to ove awe the I of four hundred squo-c miles for the
Pawnees, who arc the wandering A- u j e of the Indians n both .ides of Clio
rubs of tho West, and continually on ! loway river, innluding i e-o-ku::k’s
the maraud. We determined to pro- I principal village In msideration of
cecdon the track ofthis oaitv, esco-ted the premises, te tho United S afes arc
by a d >zen or fourteen horsemen (that t > pay c,20,) ) ) p>w annum t - the In
dians assembled, and the ceremony of
shaking hands—(which is always a
preparatory measure with then-, to the
commencement of business)—was per
formed; but, in consequence of the
utter impossibility, in that place, o
nmiKs.
we might have nothing to apprehend
from any straggling party of Pawnee-;),
and with th’ ec or four Indians, as gulden
: and interpreters, including a captive
j Pawnee woman. A couple of C-oek
\ Indians were dispatched by the com
! maodcr of the Fort to overtake the
j party of Rangers, and order them t >
J a vait >ur coming uo with them. Wo
were to travel in still sim der and rough
er strle, taking as little baggage as
possible, and depending on our hunt-
diavis
From ths N"6w York Spectator.
L tier from Washington I'ving.—The
fiends ->)’ tho distinguished writer will
bn veil pleased to hear from him again,
A id still more to read the following iug for supplies; but wore to go through
eketoh of his recent jmrne ings am >ng a country abounding with game. Tho
tho wild tribes beyond the verge of finest sport we had hithert > had, wa-
civilization; and we earnestly hope, an incidental wolf hunt, as we were
that it will not be long oefore wo have t-ave-sing a prairie; which was ver.
something m >ro than a sketch of this animated and piatu nsqo. I felt no v
interesting tour; although we believe completely launched in a savage life,
he has as yet written nothing upon the and extremely excited and interested
eobject for the pr.ess. The letter be- by this wild country, and the wild
fo.eus, it will be perceived, was writ- scenes and people bv which I was sur-
ten to a friend in Europe, during Mr. ; rounded. Onr rangers were expert
Irving’s recent sojourn i:i Washington, hunters, being mostly from Illinois,
it •caches us through the medium of Tennessee, Sic.
Wo overtook the exploring partv o
mounted Rangers in the course of.threc
days, on the banks of tho A kansas;
and the whole troop crossed that river
i a tour of several months, which 1 oji the lfith of October, some of rafts,
ied me far to the West, beyond the 1 some fording. Our own immediate
Iho London Athenaeum.
Washington City,
Dec, 18, 1833
I arrived here a few days since,
fr
ca
ITY, )
i. ]
in specie for thirty successive
years, with sund y other stipulations
of minor im . nTa'ice Black Hawk
and the prophet, , with their sons, and
;.ve oilier Indians, a.e to remain as
hostages dtii i g the pleasure of the
Fre.ndent of the United States.
Auotnor treatv with flic Apalachi
cola ba id >t Indians, in Fl > ida, vvas
c uclutied at Tallahassep or: the lith
ct Ootouer last, which liV ■•'■n stipu
lates tor a cscsiori to the 1 li'ol States
i'i a prior reservation h : h in describ
ed as co'rnmonning > \\ the A ipalachi-
cola, one mfie he low I’uski • F-ip.’s
improvements, rnnni ig up ■•c.id river
mu inttes, thence -.vest * mile- thence
svUtXeri y t a p-.ftat due .••ect of tho
egi nmg, th>-.ice east to the begin-
iiig p. lut.
1’ho United States ,re to na fh' o-
f'P the sum nf si-, j, >)), aid tho In
dians, 266 in n'umacr, a--e f> re-n ;ve,
in or before the :st of Govern >e c t.
vest ot the Mississippi, cev-nd the
limits of the Btates and ten it
the former.
procuring forage for the horses of the
Rangers, or even the necessary sup
plies of provisions for the Indians, the
C 'mmissioners thought proper to ad
journ tho Council to this post, where
they thotnselves and the troops arriv
ed yesterday—and the Indians aro ex
pe -ted t morrow. Should they ar
rive, and the weather be fair, the
C .uncil will progress on Monday, the
11th inst.”
The Gazette adds—
By tho arival of the steamboat Spy,
tvhi;h left Fort Gibs n on the morning
of tho i2th instant, we learn, that one
town of the Usages, consisting of a-
live hundred souls, arrived at that post
on trio preceding day, aad that another
la go b dy of that nation were expect
ed tlio duy she left, for the purpose of
attending the Council with tho U. S.
Oinmissioners,
b »n ids .of civilization.
After I wrote to you in August,
fr nn I think, Viaga-a, 1 proceeded,
with int agreeable fellow-travelters,
M ' L. and Mr. P * to Buffalo, and
wo ojioa-ked at Black Rock, on Lake
E io. On boa d of the steam-boat was
Mr E. '-•ne of the commissioners ap
pointed bv government to superintend
tlia settlement of the < migrant Indian
tribes, to the west of. the Mississippi.
He was on his wav to tho place of ren-
de tv ms, and on his Invitation, we a-
S -eed to arccmnany him in his expe-
:ti>n. The offer was too tempting to
be resisted: I should have an oppor
tunity of seeing the remnants of those
great Indian tribes, which are now a-
bout to disappear as independent na-
tioas, or to be amalgamated under some
Ce v form of government. I shouldsee
lb’'so fine countries ofthe “far west,”
v bile still in a state of pristine wildness,
and beheld herds of buffaloes, scouring
their native orairies, before they are
driven beyond the reach of a civilized
tctirist.
We. accordingly, traversed the cem
ti'« of Ohio, a id embarked in a steam
boat at Cincinnatti, for Louisville, in
Kentucky. Thence ws descended the
Oaio River in another steani-beat, and
n icendod the Mississippi to St. Lou
is. Our voyage was prolonged by rc
pvatedlv running nground, in conse-
qoenca of the lowness ofthe waters,
and on the first occasion were nearl
, w r> iked and sent to the bntt in, In en-
CuUiitsring another st^jua-bout eoining
party had a couple of half bre -d In
dians as servants who understood the
Indian customs. They constructed a
kind of^lioiat or rail out of a buffalo
skin, on which Mr. E. ; and myself
crossed the river and its branches, at
several times, on the top of about a
hundred weight of baggage—an odd
m de of crossing a river a quarter of a
taiie wide.
We now led a true hunting life
sleeping in the open air, and' living
upon the produce of the chaec, for wi
were three hundred miles beyond hu
man habitation, and part of the time
in a country hitherto explored.
We got to the region of buffaloos
and wild horses; killed some of the
former, and caught some of the latter
We were, moreover, on the hunting
grounds of tho P&wnoSB, the terror o!
that frontier; a race who scour the
Prairies on fleet horses, und aro like
Tartars or roviug Arabs.
We had to set guards round our
camp, and tie up our horses for fear of
surprise; but, though we had an oc
casional alarm, we passed through the
country without seeing a single Paw
nee. I brought oft', however, the
tongue of a bufialoe, of my own shoot
ing, as a trophy of my hunting, and
am determined to rest my renown as a
hunter, upon that exph it, and never to
descend to smaller game. We return
ed to fort Gibson, niter a campaign of
about thirty rlavs, well seasoned by
hunter’s ia.e and hunter’s lilc.
U i«3
T Jl-iorigines of Jl.nerica.—It is
com uted that the aboriginal inhabit-
huoita its of America amount not to
tlio twentieth part of th >se who existed
when this continent was discovered by
CUuuims. This decay is aserfoed to
the mu a titrate me of ardent spirits, and
i 1 > I’I 1 © small pox, both of them intro
f duced by the Europeans. They are
i indebted to U3 also for the “intetnper-
A third treaty between the United a ‘ c ofthe sicord and the dread
States and the Ki-kapoo tabe of In- ^ and cruelties practiced by
diaus was concluded at Castor H111,.| ^ le religious and avaricious.Spaniards,
in the State of Miss ouri, on the 2tth which certainly were not less destruc-
of October last, l>y which tho la f ter tive than the contagion cf the small
cede t * the former all their claims ti pox, or the poison or spiritous liquors
I Bartholomew Casa affirm* that the
land s'li-ithin tho state of Mi'-s -u'-i,
In consideration whereof they are to
receive land* lying southwest ofthe
Miss'U'i rfoeis as their permanent
residence, dosovibed as f.lfowa:—.
‘‘Bpgimiiag on the Dela-vare line,
six miles westwa dly of Fort Leaven-! cd of an Indicn, who, being tied to the
vii.li the Delaware line j stake, n Franciscan friar persuaded
Spaniards in America destroyed, m
aVint fortvrfive vea a, ten millions of
human souls! And this with a view
of converting those unfortunate men to
Christianity. There is a story record
worth, thence
westvvardly si.\t> miles, thence n »-th
twentv miles, thence in a direct line
toth e ; west-bank of Miss n i, at a point
twenty-six miles north of Fort J ca' r en-
vorth, thence down the west bank of
he Miss-'iuii river, to a pci it. six milos
northwest of Fort 3 eavemvorth, and
thence t--* the heginning.”
The United States are also to pay
to the Kickapoes $18,000, besides an
an annuity of $5,000 per annum for
nineteen years, with sundry ether mi
nor payments, am unting in all to a
bont $30,000. The tvactassigned to
the Kickapoos contains about twelve
him to turn Christian, and then ho
would g i to heaven. The Indian ask
cd him if they were any Spaniards
there.—“Ceitainly” answered the fri
ar. “it is full of them ” “Then I had
rather go to h—l than to have any more
of their company,” were tho last words
of *hc dying Indian.—Boston Trans-
cript.
rid
thtl
bull
Hull
the i
the nations still remaining east
Mississippi. You are aware
a matter of deep and absorbing
est to the - Government, and
justment which we hope to roah
be received with much satisfacti;
the Government and tho States
ested.”
quiets
who
!i M
FROM ARKANSAS.
Copy of a letter to the Editor of the
Arkansas Gazette, from Cnl. S. C.
An Act to protect tho Cherokee
ans in the peaceable and quiet
session ofthe lands secured to
by the oxisting laws of the stato,
also to secure their property
persons from illegal violations,
to provide for bringing .to trial ofj
trespassers upon the lots or frasti
of laud belonging to the state
Cherokee country, and rresti
the punishment to which they shi
sU jeeted' upon conviction Sic.
W io.-eas under the provisions
existing la vs of this state, the rigl
•occupancy and peaceacle and
session of their lands, has been
ed to the Cherokee Indians,
etnain in this state, s i long as they
-tintre to occupy the same; and wh(
as the unoccupied-lands, whichbu
nd their present abodes, are ad< ut
granted to and settled b / tho inhabili
of thU state; and whereas that coi
in a short time will be regularly oi
ized into counties and districts,
ther the administration of public jtd
and whereas, doubts exist’ that thf
nant of Indians rt ninining in said
ritory, may be liable to the deprdi
of lawless and dissolute white
Be it enacted by the senate Si
representatives of the state of
General Assernb|yt met and it is
by oaactep by tho authority of the
That ten men under the*command
fit and qualified officer, -shall be
ti 'ueb in the Cherokee country,
•hall have full and complete pow
protect each and every Indians
and tlieir persons,anb also in the ei
ment of all their personal prope
may be in their possession; and «t
^be the duty of said commanding o
and his guard, to preveut the intrui
no matter by whom on any lot
already or hereafter to be draw
fraction undisposed of, on which
Indian or Indians may and do acti
reside And occupy, under the provii
of the land act, for the survey aH
position of the said Cherokee te
passed the twenty second day of
coroner, eighfeen hundred and
Sect. 5 And be it further enf
by the authority aforesaid, That it
be the duty of the 'said commanding
fleer with the said guard in a bod/
in detail, to continue to examine
visit, and inspect all the aforesaid* 1
ans habitations and settlements, &w|
see that in the occupation of their ii
they are . not iutrrupted or distiu
and also carefully to protect their
sons from assnult and abuse, as
as their personal property; and it
also be the duty of said officer
l w
c
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as i
aiq
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ou
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Stambaugh, Secretary to the Board th()ge under his c 7 ommand wh en
Of u , 55 ■ lOmtniaamnAru Ini* ooffinirr * M ' ?i
^ Commissioners for settling or offence hag been’cominittej
dt. etences. J*c. among the Western ^ aingt the , egal righ ^ s of 8aid I„dr J
thousand square miles.
The greatest objection to these, and tiii.es of Indians, dated
the preceding Indian tteptiesthat wo “Fotit Gibson, Feb. 5, 1833.
have "noticed, seems to be, that their “DrAn Sib:—An express arrived
new locations are stiil too near the at this p)a< e yesterday, from Fort Tow-
whites The farther they a-e irm- ved
from us, the better for them. They
will probably be but scarcely v arm in
in their new tfbodesbefore tho encr< ach-
spi'rit of our border t at i ts
ing
triots will sock to drive them still -ar-
ther into the wilderness. 1 et them,
tlier’e'foVe, ’ make now their i ru!
and contrary to the spirit, and die 1
ir.g of this act, without delay to
state the said Indians in the posse,
of their lands and personal
r-m, bringing the intelligence, from eiJy, and in these two hitter e*
the Commandant of that post, -that a! as well os in cases ofthe abuse or I
very seiious outrage has been cooi-lry of th©ir persons to bind over *!
mitted by -a pa’ty ot Osage Indians, in j person or persons so offendingi \
Miller county, Arkansas Territory, reasonable sum. withhord and »f cU, l
Mr Sun- kins, who is represented as to answer for such illegal condo®**]
a very respectable citizen, has sustain- the'-*next*-Superior Uoutt lhat^*/!
rd damages in the loss of property, to hi Id jn the county where the « P'l
ijroie bejoud the Rocky Moutitoms, tno amouut ol nearly two thousand del- • wab curauiitUd; and that it ehw]