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MISCELLA.1 EOES
DIAMOND.
The diamond has always been re
garded as the most valuable of the gems
and, consequently, as the most valua
ble production of the mineral ’world, a
superiority which it derives from its ve
ry high lustre, its transparency, and
hardness. The first qualitv arises from
its greater refractive power, which is
such as to cause all the light to be re
flected which falls on it at angle of in
cidence greater than 211-2 degrees;
and it is capable of being rendered still
more brillia it by its surface being cut
into facet#, which multiply the reflec
tions of light. From its hardness, too,
its lustre remains uninjured: this hard
ness is such, that it can be cut, os ra
ther worn down, only by rubbing one
diamond against another, and is pol
ished only by the finer diamond pow
der
This substance is found in India, in
the districts of Visapore and Golfron-
da, and likewise in B6ngal, and in
Brazil in South America. It is not
fouud in its original situation, but in
the bods of streams, or in a loose fer
ruginous sand beneath the soil. '1 he
Brazilian diamonds are inferior in
transparency and purity to the Orien- j happiness,
tal . The first lesson in this school was gi-
Thc diamond is found crystalized, 1 veil upon objects and their names,
being either in perfect crystals, or in Fiery beast of the field and every fowl
fragments often encrusted with a hard I of the ak was brought to Annin; ‘and
coating. The usual form is an octa- he gave names to a!i cattle, and to ov-
hedron, composed of two four-sided cry fowl of the air and to ciory beast
pyramids joined by the base, the faces : of the field.’ How many or the pupils
being somewhat convex. Of this form of our modern schools ‘finish their ed-
there are some modifications: flic an- i'ucation,’ and even go to their graves,
gles being replaced by triangular fa- without having attained the knowledge
ces, so as to give rise to a dodecahe- imparted m this first lesson; and nio
dron of seventy-four faces, likewise a : compelled to employ but one, or at
little convex. Theso are the crystal-j most a very few names, for ‘the fowls
lizations of the Oriental diamond.’ The ! of the air,’ whose beautiful plumage or
Brazilian is generally a dodecahedron, | varied songs call forth their admiration,
with rhomboidal faces. There crys-: Such were the arrangements recorded
tnllino forms are often imperfect, prob- j by Moses, for physical and intellectual
ablv from the attrition which they have education, liut in all the wonders of
suffered, and frequently the fragments ! creation that surrounded the first man,
are altogether indistinct. j there was nothing to call forth tho leel-
T’ne diamond is colourless, or tinged, j except to their Author; nothing
of various shades of white or grey, and ; to develope the human heart; nnr.noth-
soinctiines also, though more rarely, of * n S t0 complete the moral education.
brown, green, yellow, blue and red, I 1 might have lived in Paradise forev-
sible, the measures which Divine 1'ro- ! tions and favor of the Great Educator
vidence adopts in the education nt our who would seem, from the occurence
race. This is a subject upon which we after the fall, to have visited the first
have long dwelt, with great interest. It pupils regularly, ‘in the cool ofthe day,’
has beCa the clue which has guided us doubtless to impart lessions of temporal
to many of our principles and views, and eternal wisdom,
and we have deferred a full examina-j .VVe hogr of no interruption to the
tion of the subject, opjy because wc ! orf ) Pri or t hp happiness, of the first
considered it one of so great extent St P( q, 0(> j unt j| nn enemy ofthe race pur-
importance. We venture, howev er, to | gu
nded one of the pupils, that the great
commence, (in the hopo of going on,) command of the Educator was not roe-
with an inquiry into the management sona iq P) and that (he penalty would
of The first school, organized and con- not j )p excuted; and artfully introduced
ducted by the Great Educator ol oui , emulation as. a motive to action-—its first
race. _ _ ' appearance, so far ns we know, in this
This school was established in the^ I WO rld. ‘In the day th»< ye eat therc-
midst of the beauties and wonders of 0 p f | ieil vour eycs s |,all he opened, and
nature, in a fruitful spot, watered by J/( . f )C CTS gods, knowing good and'
four streams—a garden which contain- ev j| > The temptation was successful,
ed every tree that is pleasant to the j example and influence of and
sight, and good for food. How dilfer- i p U ,,j| overcame the other. This school
ent this situation frorti those provided ■ n f ‘ ^vpiness. and improvement, and
by modern wisdom and benevolence, to i [vr , lCP wnfl broken up: and its pupils
form the mind, and senses, and tastes, wore st , n t abroad into a world of storm
of our children! ’ and trouble, overgrown with thorns and
It is remarkable that the first s<mopl j, r j nrSj t() b P g a j n the course -of sufier-
was a manual labor school. Yfie 1,r9t i n£r involved in the penalty, ‘Thou
pupils were “put into the garden to
dress it, and keep it.” Edit be re
membered too, that i* was thus organ
ized, when it was intended to beji scene
of perfect enjoyment;- and
appointed, of course, as
mg involved in the penalty,
t0 shall surely die.’
Bread for the Poor —We have re-
lnlror was | cieved the fallowing contributions, in
means of j answer to the call of “South street,”
who will apply the money to immediate
use. If other contributions should be
offered ■they.can be handed him after
wards. The object is, to procure bread
forth** necessitous poor.
V M. $10, C. B. $2, E. P. $1,
Stranger 75 cents.
tk.i no-* wr Ptf.TTS.
A.3 ts it>y, .ioyi„v*y r.yoiMry, ,\y
<TWo-l3 \y ' t-R re,..iir ©h-a nt»B'B
DHEvS.« ?o>*po- ny^-ru, my F.yfc*.
cxyz o-.isf(»a..i tibyi>o? mo-p vipjoa-
io-\ kf # T.cfRj5Z FstAPwa 0-*
! T.AFVtith a fyz. opnex-r 5 yvv y«rn,\jr
tf>4«vi. e-y^zo- o^CvR f»«xs\a nn
?i}.us. PHwiz cpuKOGra
Dh dT>EJ!TT.
TVV© O’hpfctfofc.t
frequently with darker colored spots
It is generally transparent, though not
perfectly so, and has the property of
single refraction: its traeture is lamcl
Inted, and it can be split by striking it
in the direction ofthe plates. Its spe
cific gravity is from 3500 to 3600.
The diamond is phosphorescent,, or
when it has been exposed to the light,
is luminous in the dark, it is render
ed electrical by rubbing, the electricity
being, positive.
From the qualities ofthe diamond it
was long ranked w ith the other gems,
and considered as analogous to them in
its chemical construction. Newton, by
a happy application of a physical prin-
cnplo, conjectured that it was an inflam
mable substance. • Transparent bodies
which are uninflammable, refract light
nearly in the ratio of their densities,
while • those which are inflammable
have refractive powers which are great
er than their densities; and the dia
mond having this great refractive pow
er led Vewton to conclude that it “pro-
bauly is an unctious substance coagu
lated.” (Optics, Book II. Prop. 10.)
Iu IG95 experiments had been made
at Florence, which proved the diamond
to be dissipated dy the intense heat in
the focus of tho powerful burning fens
of Tschirnausen. Afterward an ex
periment made at Vienna, it was found
that in the heat of a furnace,, diamonds
lest weight, and if exposed for a suffi
cient length of time, entirely disap
peared, while the ruby and other gems
exposed to the same heat remained un
altered. At a later period Darcet ex
posed diamonds to heat, enclosed in
balls of porcelain clay in various ways,
and always found that they were dissi
pated by exposure to a strong heat.—
These facts appeared at the same time
in contradiction to the common prac
tice ofthe jewellers, who expose dia^
. nionds which are foul to a strong heat,
imbedded in charcoal to make them
clear. Au observation of Macquer
first threw light on this subject. He
took notice, that while the diamond,
was. exposed to a strong heat under a
mulHe, and while it was losing weight,
it was luminous, and appeared to byrn,
a fact'which he verified by subsequent
experiments. It caanot be doubted,
therefore, that in the experiments of
Darcet, air had been admitted to.the
diamonds from rents in the porcelain
clay balls, in which they were inclosed
and that in the method of jewellers thev
are more effectually protected from tho
action of the air by the charcoal dust
with which they ure surrounded.
er, and still have been only an intellec
tual being, with the nobler half of his
natuie to a great extent unawakened',
uncultivated, and perishing lor want of
exercise; and so lar, made in vain. .‘It
is not good’ therefore, said his Crea
tor, that the mun should be alone.’ ' *1
will make an help meet for him,’ was
tfie next decision; and infinite Wisdom
svj’iv j\T't* v is ft ay c?hKQ(?.AS> nir'z-
J) RW\U 1\Ji i>F(j.ydrcSFT M.ZPtSET
qiS'4tf'T Tytl. (VEFCT.4: Tyfch (PG.I-
iu3 eryio*- nhRPiS szrr*
v-qwvt Ty^^ny .isiotXTiaaj*
i-ijt n^F t\po- rvv.nrt.tfrvr* T0 J t>»T0-,
DfiCfidaz ozr-F.o Tycrii,*i T ssy<iAPT? s-
Ziir» Aompr’o- vaaw*. ao-'o.woTtn-a 4.q-
CAX l^AJotE O’fc.ttUv* t>S<X.O<l.
e<ity«yii ms cetk d*pt qiYvi-n dap
TAPRT. KT Or.JPJfa hE&<*U..I4<* J ?0»-
determined, tiiat his conipaniun to be i Z4' , <»yii f)ho®Jo®F.T
■meet’ must bp of a different mould of j fyurT d#p asea.T t «!U
ecty.v hsi 0'^it<*fo-t. da-
&<r». yh list
maid as well as of body. That this
was not merely for the purpose of con
tinuing the race, is evident from the
fact, that the same wise Educator, iu
almost every school which has been
organized directly by his own hand, lias
sent both sexes together.
It would have been easy for Almigh
ty power, to have made one family ofj
males and another of females, and thus
to have found thoso seperate schools,
which modern wisdom has considered
<IRC1LAR
To Parents, Teachers and School Com
mittees, and all who feel an Interest in
the Improvement of. Youth.
T is not yet quite a year since Par
ley’s Magazine was commenced,
uring that short period the number of
subscribers has increased to 20,000,
so necessary, and avoided those dan- j and the work has received, every
gers which human prudence deems so | where, the most unqualified approba-
great But he has ordered otherwise; I tion. It has found its way to thousands
and the result* are in accordance with of families, and while it bus enter!ain-
our expectations, from the plans of Di- j cd the social circle, its unobtrusive ies-
vine Wisdom. The evils apprehended j sons have, we trust, often had a salu-
have always existed in the greatest de- I /«?■;/ influence on the juvenile mind and
gree, where other sexes were most j heart. It lias also found its way to the
widoly and carefully separated. The | school room; and many classes of
youth’who avoid female society, are * young pupils have been cheered twice
notoriously the most dissolute. The a month by the welcome voice of the
navy aod<the camp preseut a mass ofj teacher bidding them to lay asido, for a
corruption rarely found in mixed com- few days, the class book which they
rnunities; and the monastery and the have read over and over, perhaps tweu
convent have produced and developed I ty times, and read ihc pages of Par-
crimes, which are scarcely ever heard ! ley’s Magazine’. The demand for the
°l in a family. The voice of experi-| v/ork, to be used in schools, is rapidly
increasing.
Encouraged by such unexampled
success, the Publishers have resolved
to render it still more worthy of so lib
eral a patrenage; and not to remit their
.exertions till they see it introduced into
families and schools, throughout the
whole length and brcudth ol tlie United
States:
In this view they have Secured new
aid in the Editorial department. The
V. Lively Descriptions of the Cu
riosities of Nature and Art,—in eBch
ofthe United States, and in other coun
tries.
VI. Lessors on Objects that daily
surround Children in tho Parlor, Nur
sery. Garden, ft.c. Accounts of Trades.
j and Employments.
VII. Particular Duties of th«
J Young—to Parents, Teachers, Broth-
1 ers, Sisters, Stc.
j VIII. Bible Lessons and Stories.
j IX. Narratives—Such' as are well
authenticated—Original Tales,
j X. Parables, Fables, and Pro
verbs, where the moral is obvious and
excellent
j XI. Poetry—Adapted tothe Youih-
j ful capacity and leoiings.
! Xli. 1 ntelligence—Embracing ac
counts of Juvenile Books, Societies,
and Remarkable Occurrences.
Many oi these subjects will be illus
trated by nuiiienun and beautiful en
gravings, prepared artists,
nndselected not only with a view to «-
j dorn the work, but ti. improve the taste,
! cultivate the mind, and raise the aueo
tions ot tlie young to appropriate and
worthy objects. We would niukc them
hotter children, better brothers, better;
sisters, better pupils, better associates,
and, in the end, better citizens.
Wc beg the friends of education—
especially parents and teaches s, to view
i the matter in this light, l ct children
look upon tne pictures, not a* pictures
j merely; but let them be taught to study
them. What can be moio urn in val-
uaiile materials tor instructive lessons
I tlmn a good engraving ?
After this brief explanation of our
principles and purposes, wc usk the co-
, operation oi all w ho receive this (Jireu- ,
lar. Will )mi aid us,.bj your inuu-
ence in this greut woik—the tdrnnuion
of mind and cnaracter i< i me rising
generation? Will you assist us ail in'
your power, in our endeavors to intro
duce to Ameiican schools, and parlors,
and nresides, the stories and lessons of
Parley’s Magazine?
Every single number ofthe new vol
ume will have a strong paper cover,
abundantly sufficient vo preserve the
work in good older for binding, and for j
use in schools.
The yearly subscription being but
one dollar, our friends will purceivc the
impracticability < i ke< ping open so mu-
ny. thousand accounts, it is thefeforo
; indispensable .that we should requite
1 payment always in advance.
| Two numbers more will close the
, first yea., and rve now’ givt this ni>tiee
j that all wh desire to sontinue the Mag-
! azine, may signify iheip intention by a
!seasonable advance for the second
year.
If any of the subscribers should not
receive all their ndinbeis, they can re
quest the Post Master to notify us of
such as are missing, cud they shall be
sent again free of charge.
oJTEN COPIES FREE OF POSTAGE.
ICJ^To accommodate Associations,
Schools, and Individuals, for distribu
tion, we will deliver at any Post-Ofiiec
i in the United States, free of postage,
: ten copies to one. address for ten dollars
remitted to us without cost.
LILLY, WAIT, &. CO.
Boston.
icatc, and uncontaminated by ci
vulgarity;- its censure shall be ji
cious, itsiftfire chaste. Literature!
the Arts shall find in it an untired
zealous friend: Dramatic and Lite]
criticisms shall meet with most at]
five and impartial study, and sketj
of the Bar and Pulpit of Philadelj
shall occasionally appear from the L
of competent judges, uninfluenced!
personal acquaintance or professij
attachment. To theso reconunen
tions, our Poetical column will add
other, which, coming from nn alre
popular source, will, we trust, beer
to that of more pretending publicatiJ
.it is unnecessary to be more expl
as we presume the want of the pror
cd journal is not only admitted
generally felt. Wc, therefore, p]|
ourselves before the PEOPLE, £
relying upon thcii love of justice
of public virtue, asvait their decis
respectfully, but confidentially.
CONDIllOS.
The first No. of the “ Spy in I’/i]
dtlphia” will be issued on the 1st
turday in July. It will be printed
fine w hite paper, in eight large qui
pages, and good type, a.id will be l
bdlished with Engravings illustratl
some o( the subjects treated of. J
advantages ofthe proposed and ml
poi table size will be estimated oy
contents being rendered worthy of p
serration fofr amusing or instructive
ference. The t“rnis are $2 per
num, payable in advuuce, or $2 i.
not.paid before the expiration of
months. Agents will be allowed a
count of 0 percent, for all subsc
bers they shall obtain, on it mitt]
one year’s payfneut in advance, or
coming responsible for the same, anj
gratuitous copy of the paper.
All orders must be addressed |,
paid) to WM. HILL & Co
No. i, Athenian Buildings, Ph
June 25, 1833,
u *
|mlh-
tr.
lic
ence, if it be listened to^ will be found
to have responded, to the first declara
tion ot the Creator. ‘It is not good for
man to be alone.’
In regard to the direct method of mo
ral education, the first school was con
stituted'on the plan of absolute govern
ment. One of its prominent commands
was given without any reason or ex
planation, and without any object which
we can understand, except to test the
From the Amorican Annals of Education
THE FIRST SCHOOL.
We remarked in our firat volume of
obedience of the pupils. ‘Of the tree , J a t e Editor ot the Juvenile Rambler,
ot knowledge of good and evil, thou who, in addition to his qualifications as
shult not eat of tt. And this too vjfas ; a writer for the young, has the advan-
done in a school of adults, and not of; tage of many years experience as a
mere children. At the same time, ev- ! Teacher, will henceforth assist in con-
ery thing necessary to enjoyment, was ducting it.
given ‘freely.’
Punishment was among the means of
government in this school, and this too.,
of the severest kind, in the day that
thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely
die.’ And we find no attempt to re
concile tho pupils to ibis singular pro
hibition, and its severe penalty. It is
Bimply, ‘Thou shalt not oat of it.’ ‘In
the day thou eatest thereof^ thou shalt
We propose to present, in the pro
gress of each volume, a great variety
of interesting and important topics, a-
mong which are the following.
I. Natural IIisTORY2-0f beasts,
birds, fishes, reptiles, insects; plants,
flowers, trees; the human frame, Sec.
II. Biocuafiiy—Especially of the
young.
III. Geografiiv—Accounts of pla-
surely die. (
We do not hear that it was thought ces, manners^cystoma, &c.
this work, that in our plans of educa- • advisable to offer any rewards for obedi- j IV. Travels and Voyages, in ra
tion we ought to imitate, as far as pos-j cnee, except the presence and instruc-1 riaus parts of the world.
PROSPECTUS
Of a Novel and Interesting Weekly
Publication to be commenced in the
City of Philadelphia on Satur
day, Gth July, ensuing,
to be entitled
1IIE SP Y IN PHILADELPHIA,
AND
SPIRIT OF THE AGE.
I T is very philosophically observed;
by Addison, that our greatest pride
arises from our doing good to each oth
er; or, in other words, from being indi
vidually serviceable to society. This
can be best effected by a proper appli
cation of our intelligences, meeting
them out according to the necessities
of the community, and less lamenting
the decline of public virtue than cheek
ing the progress of public vice: for
vice retarded is virtue advanced. As
the direction and discussion of mea
sures of national and state policy are
the business of the daily press, the lull
application of Addison’s remark is ne
cessarily neglected, and the conse
quence is, that vices, shielded by wealth
and worldly influence, are abroad a-
mong the people, not only unsuspected,
but courted and required, and that a
publication is necessary which will not
only detect, but exhibit these wolves
in sheep’s clothing—a mark by which
others will be warned from their in
tent, und a service be rendered to so
ciety. In effecting this object, we
shall pursue a yet untrodden path; one,
where the necessary thorn shull be
mingled (not concealed) with contrast
ing flowers. Tho manner of the “Sv»,
tn Philadelphia” shall lie perfectly del-
TO A GEWEAOUS FUBLli]
^1IE Ma ryville 1nteli.igl.na
has been before the public mJ
than a year. Uncouth and uninvitil
in its first appearance, and slow in
growth since; by some it was pronoui)
ed premature, uhile others confidcc
ally predicted that it could not be su
tained. Its original projectors, howq
er, were not to be driven from thl
purpose by slight difficulties. Th
felt that a roligiouo paper publishl
ar home, if properly conducted, wasef
culated to do immense good. Al
they were unwilling to believe, tlf
there was not public spirit and pic
ejiough, iu this section of the couatil
to support such a paper, until the c.\|l
riment waS fairly made. That notwiJ
standing the oc asional irregularity tl
bad printing of the intelligencer,
patronage has gradually increased,
consider an omen tor good, and regu
it as expressing the wish of a libel
public for success. Prompted by u<
sire (u respond to such a wish, arran
inents have been entered into, wliid
we trust, will add to the rcspectabilj
and interest of our paper.
The subscribers have entered into
partnership, and hereafter will mal
tho conducting of the Intelligence^
|oint concern. While the editor «1
continue to preside over the editor!
department as heretofore, his partnl
will devote his whole time to the cof
corns t>f the oliicc, and pledges himsj
to make the mechanical execution
the paper respectable.
No alteration in the character oftlj
paper is contemplated. To promo
tho cause of literature and especial!
religion, to circulate general inform!
tion relative to the cause of Chril
throughout tho world, to give the mol
interesting domestic and foreign new!
and to publish such miscellaneous ni
tides as we think will be useful and hf
tercsting, shall be our object.
Upon the importance of a religioil
newspaper wc need not dwell. No far
ily, and especially none embrncinl
children and youth, should be withou
one. Many pious families begin to let
tho necessity of such a paper. The]
regard it aa a powerful auxiliary in lead
mg their children in the paths of virtue
and training them up tor active useful
ness.—And in retrenching their ej
denses they consider it very bad ecoti
my to commence with the newspapei
Each family should have a paper of »<
own, that, when once read, it muy b
put on file for future reference.
The interesting revivals with whic
God is so remarkably blessing W
churches in this land, which we aha
notice from time to time, cannot fa
to add additional interest to our pt
per, in the mind of every lover (
/.iou.
SCT'We now solicit our friends, wh
wish us success to renew their effort
to increase our list of subscribers,
each one would do but a little, the ag
grogute would be of much value td ut
F. A PARHAM.
DARIAS HOYT-
January 25, 1833.