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It strikes mo that in giving this no
tice, the priests should have used an’
easier woid than paregyric. I wonder
how many of our Irish brethren know
what it means. But “ignorance is the
mother of devotion,” you know is one
•of their maxims. What multitudes of
them said on the 17th of March “bless
ed St Patrick ” Probably many tn >re
tha t said, “Hallowed be tbv name.”
And everv day how much more respect
is paid - am mg them to the mother than
to the Son! It is as clear as demon
stration can make any thing, that the
Catholic religion is idolatrous. Mpn
mav say that it is a very uncharitable
remarks- But if any one will dare to
say it is an untrue remark, I am ready
to meet him. Pet us inquire first, what
i3 truth. Then we will coine to the
question, what is charity. A id-we
shall iind that charity is something
which “rejoices in the truth.”
M S. ,
of legislation, as a means to accomplish I 8. From the nature and objects of’ the Florentine territories, whence he
lim appropriate ends oi society l>ut, J civil government, w'e deduce not only . derived the. appellation by which he is
if laws exist, they soon become a dead j the rights, but the duty of magistracy. m ue
letter, unless obedience to them can , These, of course, depend upon the na- Cinis, his family name. The first pro-
usuallv known than by that of
F.-o n tho Encyclopedia Americana.
NATJUAL LAW.
( Concluded.)
5 An 'ther great object of society is
the protection, not only of propert in
thi lls, hut of property (if \vo inuv so
say ■ in a lions. A great portion of the
business of human society is founded
noon c nitracts, express or implied; and
these contracts, especially in modern
times, constitute the bulk of the for
tunes a id a'quisiti msofmanv persons,
from the humbles 1 , me •lianic up to the
m ist ( o mle it stockholder. The obli-
ga i >i or c m‘ acts, or. in other words,
the ! ity of performing them, mav. in-
d.’ - ' >e deduced Irotn the plainest. el-
eui nits of natural la v, —that is, if such
c -.l-acts a e just and n «ral, Si founded
u io.i mutuality of c msideration. It is
iii'li-oensiiile to the so ial intercourse
of mankind It is conf n mahle tithe
will of Hod, which requires nil men to
d' a! with g >■ d faith and truth, and
since: itin their intercourse with oth
er.-. it is indispensible, in order to
prevent injuries to others, whose acts,
aal interests, and property, may de
pend- upon a strict fulfilment of such
contracts. But in a state of nature,
the obligation of contra ts, however
perfect in itself, cann >t ordinarily he
enforced uuon the other contracting
party to its just extent. Fbc only rem
edy is positive force; and this, in ma
ny cases, is irnoraoticable, and is gen
erally inconvenient. The institution
o! p ilitical soc cty brings tlie moral as
well as the physical power of the whole
in aid of the natural obligations of c Ul
tra-ts. The rcinedv is generally peac
eable, perfect and easy. But it mav
be nntunllv asked, what contracts arc
really obligatory. The true answer,
in civil societies, is, all such contracts
a< the la v ot the laud declares t > h“
obligatory, or of which it permits the
obligation to lie enforced. The true
an - vpr, independent of tho positive rc-
c g litions of civil society, is. all such
c it acts as are in irnl, just, practica
ble, and have tint been extinguished
in .to la ' fill manner. Cont acts which
a e i n il wfal, or which have resulted
from fraud or oppression; contracts
which require im i-issible tilings, or are
repugnant to natural justice; or which
are ‘bunded in essential mistakes, as to
persons, characters, orthings; or which
inv 'lve the breach of other paramount
obligations, cannot, upon the principles
’ of menial justice, he obligatory.
6. Vbtlmut going more at large into
tile origin and objects of political socie
ty. it will he seen, that these objects
re juire tho delegation (as has been al
ready intimated) of certain powers and
authorities to those, who are to admin
ister the government. The ends re-
qnbi'd are the presen atiun of the gen
eral rights and the general welfare of
the community; and the means to ac
complish these ends must he given hy
the express or implied assent of the
governed. The civil powers, which,
i every well constituted society seem
indispensable for thi- purpose, ate the
legislative, executive and judicial pow
ers In order to secure the safety and
ha ipinesa of the society, it is indispen
sable, that there should he somewhere
lodged a power to make laws tor the
punishment of wrongs, and for the pro
tection of rights, and for the prornoti >n
ofthc peace, health and good order of
the society. And, as there is a perpet
ual change in human affairs, and laws
and institutions, which are adapted to
one age are frequently unfit for another,
there must exist in the government a
power to alter, amend and modify ex
isting laws;-—and, as human legislation
must necessarily he imperfect the
power to improve it may always he
piesumed to be useful, since experience
often points out mistakes arid delimpn-
cies. ] he power of legislation must,
therefore, iu its nature, include the
power of abolishing, as well as of en
acting laws. Again, as the exigencies
ofthe society must require expenses t
be incurred, and revenues to he raised
to di fiay th ise expenses, the power oi
tftxauou naturally belongs to the power
be enforced; for it is found that moral ture ofthe functions, which belong to duction which brought him into notice
obligation alone is not suliicient to en- j particular department, legislative, ex- was a I at in poem on the tournament
sure a perfect performance of duty.— j ecutive, or judicial. All magistrates of Giuliano de’Medici. He assumed
1 lie existence ot an executive uutliori- are responsible to God for the due and the ecclesiastical habit, and acquired
ty, to which is entrusted the due and , honest discharge of their duty; and, in hy his accomplishments the favor of
vigilant execution ol the laws, seems republican tonus of government, these Lorenzo the Magnificient, who made
indispensable. And, as controversies ' magistrates are also made, in smiie him tutor to his children, and presented j
may arise, in a great variety ot cases, shape, directly or indirectly, response- him with a canonry in the cathedral of j
as to what is the right ot-one party, and ble to the people. Every civil g overn- Florence, which lie held vyith the pro- i
the duty of another;, whether property ! ment is b mid to promote the interests fessorship ofthe Greek and Latin Ian-,
belongs to one party, or to another; of agriculture, commerce. and maim- gnages Am ng the most esteemed of j
whether a contract has or has not been faetures, as conducive to the strength his writings are an Account of the Con-
pertormed; whether a wrong has or , and happiness of the people. Every spiracy ot the Pazzi; a Latin transla-
lius not uoeii done; whether a crime government is hound to protect the tion of.Herodian; and a Golle tion of
has or has not been committed,—it persons, the personal rights and p>op- (Leek Epigrams; besides some mis- i
seems also indispensable, that a power erty of its citizens from violation and cHlanenus works in prose and verse. '
should exist, whose jurisdiction sli uld injury. Every government is bound to and a d ama on the st‘>ry of Orpheus,
extend over all controversies of this establish courts of justice, to provide printed in 1475. Thislatterpie.ee was
sort, and should linally decide upon for the punishment >1 c. i.nes, to enforce set to music, of winch science he was
them. This power is the judicial pow- the obligati m f legal emiti acts to en- so passionately fond, that his death is
er; and its free, independent and bon- courage marriages, t ■ prohibit imin >r- said t< have been accelerated hy his
est exercise is as important to the sale- ality, to cultiv ate a sense of religious propensity An unfortunate .attach-
ty and : happiness i»t society', as either obligati .n,. t > ail >w a free exercise of ment t a lady of distinguished rank
ot the other two. in short, without a religi ms worship, and a free expres- had brought on a severe illness, which
due administration ot civ il and criminal sum of religi us npini m, so lai as it is was so much increased i>y his sta ting
justice, society is, and can be, of little not inconsistent with the pvi die peace out of bed. in a tit of enthusiasm, to
value. The merit ol every government and safety. Every government may celebrate her beauties <m his lute, that
must, therefore, he subjected to this, impose oaths or other solemn atfirma- his death was the consequence, in
as the truest test of its real excellence. tions, appealing to the consciences of
1. In wfjat manner these vauous parties for the purpose of ascertaining
powers, legislative, executive and ju- the truth of tin ts, or to secure the pist
dioial, are to be exercised, and to what performance ol duties. It may, there-
tunctionaries they arc to be eutiusted, fore, reasonably icquire, that witnesses
depends upon the particular organtza- sh mid lie sworn, or otherwise solemnly’ !
tion ol each society or natt n, or wiiat b mild to testify the truth; and it mav
is usually called its form or constitution also t eas manly require panics t > take
I If) t —J>
of th» houses is cut of the quests
that it is no longer of impmtnnce
send you information what is goirq
here; the sole point on which to |<
the public attention fixed now, is i
to get every vote in at the poli*.
every sense that is the real point,
what recommends it, and 1 trust
recommend it to every American
sum, not utterly selfish and etitii
corrnpt, is, that it is the .legal remc
If New York comes out right
think the country is safe. We have
cellent information from Virginia
North Carolina, and such letters
received here from Maine, as to le
no rational doubt, that Jackson has
Maine completely. This will soon
tin* general spirit—all suspect, a .
jority knows, that a base plan has In
conceived to sacrifice every thing
is dignified and refined—every
that can m ike our Republican ex;
ment worth pursuing, to the cupidity
a law knavish kitchen companions
But the country is on the alert, am
do not know.a better thing to repeat
the country in these davs than the
to of C il. David Crockett.
“1 l< ave this rule to others, when
dead;
Ij you're q He sure you're right then
ahead ”
DO ;! iMSTlC.
i*rom i\>ulsow & Da v Advertiser.
W .s.ungion, April 1, 183-1.
r I lie la . ti ris, set of men that has prae-
. ,« r , . tioiiu * £ -t h id ot the ^ovenment oi'thn
ot government. Where the society is promissory oaths and alii: mations for . jj R
small and within a very limited extent the iin uro discharge of official and oth
er territory, it is posstole to fiave them or duties. And heieends mix inmerfect
all exercised m an assembly of the sketch of
whole people by tiie whole people — of natural lav, m tiiet
This would he a pure democracy
But it is obvious, that in ugh possible,
in an exact sense it is scarcely pi acti-
caule; tor all ttie people <>l even a small
territory can rarely he assembled; some
will be sent hum accidental cuouin.-taii-
ces of illness, and age, and more press
ing duties. And, probably, in no so
ciety whatever were these powers ever,
in fact, exercised by the wimle people,
in any single assembly; for idiots, rnad-
h on, iinauts, have m en universally
excluded; and married women, and
persons gudty of crimes, have been
usually excluded. The most simple
form, in whielPthe powers ot' govern
ment have ever been actually adminis
tered, probably is by a majority of that
part ofthe people, which lias actually
been assetn Jed lor such a purpose —
And tiiis is, in tact, though in its hum
blest form, a delegation ot the soveieigu
power of the whole, since it intrusts
the authority ofthe whole to the part,
which is assembled. It is also, though
in its humblest torm, a representative
government; for the whole are repre
sented by those, who are present. We
ordinarily call such a
canon t” tile relations ol mail to G'-d,
to himself, to otner men, and to politi
cal society. The consideration of the
i iguts a id duties of uuti ms to each oth
er, and of their external sovereignty,
and independence, and equality, belongs
to another head, tnat ot" law of nations.
(See JVaiio-ns, Law of,)
lutes, by making the people
dtituii >v»n delusion, is become despe-
rate and reckless—every ventage of de-
mo of the leading principles cea ,.y , ul s oe i m0 vvii asid e. \ heir
tactical apph- olt ,eptaied lies have been so complete
ly exposed, their g.oss inconsistencies
have oeen so paipaoly irreconciteaiile,
tnat they will soon liave nothing to in
voke in their defence, hut mde force.
1 lie secret thought of these men is,
that when they can no longer give aco-
, lor ot legality to their conduct, they
j will always ue aide t > retain possession
ot the power they now hold, by invo/e-
I ing oi llu poor ugainsl me rich As a
Jast resource, they look to Le suppoit-
From 'lie Encyclopaedia America a.
i Ot ISil 1 EGlONS
The unfortunate result ofthe glorious ed by what they will call the people, oy
revo.uti u iu i otand in t <b4, and the what has. been the Jackson pa.ty, but
third pa.t.turn ol that unhappy country, what will turn out to be, at a crisis
in i ii*o, l.ileu Euiope with i ohsii re- which is very likely to arrive, iiotning
iiigm s, uno eagei iy joined tin armies but a mob, set a going by oliice h 1-
ol epu oican F.auce in Oct. tier, dels.
iijh. general Doimuowski laid net -re Fiom this moment you will find these
tiie diicctnry a plan tor tuisiug a ugi n men diligently employ cu m heaping ca
nt Polish | ati i- is, to reive uimt-i the iuiuin<-s upon the be mite, in dum.iLh-
F cneii geneiai against the cumin n en- mg the leven iicr-, in whicn -.e ail are
eiiiies ot Fiance and inland 'i lie justly bn night up, i waids that body— 1
duectory roeommi nded him to lay ins tubist weaning the American people
[ilau before the Cisalpine lepubiic, and, In m, uno then c.wiling it against,
wall tlie approoation of general thaia- th-/se tiue dtlendeis of their lihe»t. and
paite, tin government of that republic property. Look at the Globe, the a-
agreed p.lan. i, J '/Ul) to take a body ; vowed (Tiicial paper of General All
ot r oles into pay, < ln> were to be al- drew Ja kaon, i resilient oi the untied
, _overnninnt a lowed to ictain then national costume. 'States, the JLditoi ol which is uennit-
government ,1 « whole but adopted lb- Kte.ic-.li cockade. l!v led l» .oeak », Ids name. 11.
lie e. 11 lu socic les, winch are April, tile number under OombroaaKi atanlljr du we see in tile editorial ;ia a
composed oflarge masses of po|,ulalicii, MM ,, , etved g,a,,l.s oi tin,, paper, e: , rcssions „ the
such atormol government ,s uneieldy, „ a lr ugamsi (be Aust.anm and nus- lolli.tag purpi.t-• V,,‘ have aseci-
siaus, and distinguished themselves on tamed freni the i resident,'’—“ r i he in-
— “We
for
•eepta-
mt’s
run,-tions. Sometimes all llicse pow- mamly mstrum utul in gaimug the v,c- lends lUmselr, wherTlm “at'uckf'o'lhi
' ‘ a , m " e '° >"”*•?' ■" Ann, The peace ers; no. a p, per sin,pi, dt'tnm,isb . |
T, n, o," l lL'Z'TT IT""?- "' e «' - »“-«««• <~*b legi-ns neie sint tn b, nemo Ihi « P «.,Jy > drdS
lbdyare.l| P e*.rasoT“"™7«nrijwii , ||ci; alld ' , '' , “ ,, ''“ dt0lS - ,UOU nn.ents, l-ul a paper ever tth .se col-
ivernment becomes
mixed form of government. If the
executive power, in such a case, is
delegated to a single person, it is then
called a monarchy, or a limited monar
chy. it the executive power is exer
cised by a select body of men, it is
called an aristocracy or limited arisl icru
cy. If the executive power is exercis
ed by a magistrate elected by the peo
ple from time to time, and removable
by tho people, it is sometimes, though
not, perhaps, with perfect accuracy,
called a republic, or a limited republic.
It, in a monarchy, the power oflegis-
J ati >n is shared hy the representatives
ol the people, it is called a mixed mon
archy, it in an aristocracy it is so shar-
liged to serve in fcst. Domingo,. Spain, jN'ow what is this paper permitted to,
tkc. i lie i'ohsh legions had, however, say of the Senate, and upon what oc- i
contriouti d to keep up a nutiorial exist- casion? j
ence lor l land, alter the i olish state The Senate in the constitutional ex-|
had ceased A civil committee, the orcise ol us privileges, passed certain
sbudov. ot the I'uiish government, was | resolutions, not by an equivocal vote,
aept sitting either at i uris or in Italy, but hy a majority amounting to near
strictly observing the minutest rules of two to one. Upon which the Globe
th< diet, in nrdei that the constitutional s, that this act is nothing but giving
character ol their acts migtit not he to a shiuitleso libel “//ie sanction at a
quest o cd. 'J hey i it e. ally, therefore, majority, made up in pari of xoroiiiors
ioimed a nation suns pulru, constantly aries ofthe bank,”—and that
1 king torwa'd to the recompense the passing of the resolution is "th iri-
wluoh tuny hud been encouraged by ' nmph oj pafuitty" And this most
France to hope for-the reeslanlishtncnt dauug, scunoa'ious, outrageous insult,
ot Toluud; and it is an interesting I'act, which is resented hy everv person of
that, whenever the thanks oi the F lench honor and feeling here, is applauded to
and limitations ot the executive, legi
lative and judicial powers, in different
proportions; and tiie actual structure
of every government depending upon
the choice, or necessities, or prejudices,
or accidental combinations, of each so
ciety, they do not admit of any deter
minate classifications. But, whatever
lie the form ofthe govenment, the ag
gregate exercise of the legislative, ex
ecutive and judicial powers constitutes
what is commonly culled the internal
sovereignty of a nation.
■s , 1 &~ - v “Improving ail mutinous
Napoleon constituted the grand-duchy I scandal, the immediate intended effect
ol V\ arsaw ^with 4,U0U,UUU inhabit- ot which is to estrange the people from
ants,) composed of Polish provinces, the Seriate, reduce that body to insig-
tom from the clutches of Austria and mhcunje, and overthrow the constitu-
1 russia. Frederic Augustus, king of tion; for what soit of vitality would
Saxony, was named grand-duke. ^Sec the constitution have if there was no
the article Poland; see, also, Chodz-
ko’s Uistoire des Legions Polonaises en
Italic; 2 vols., Paris, 18.3‘).)
Poi.itiaxus, Angclus; a learned and
elegant scholar of the fifteen century,
horn in 1454, at Monto Pulciauo, in
Senate ?
Jucksonism m going ahead, as Da
vid Crockett says, so fast, that every
body w ill have a peep at it, and see
what it is made of. But 1 repeat again
and again, that reasoning is out of the
question—that speeches made in either
If ‘'the Government”—by which
now mean Andrew Jakson, was not
throughly steeped in ignorance
vanity—some good might accrue
him from an occasional attendance
the IJ S Senate. He might tli
learn, how completely he has been I
open to the impution of no small
gree of just reproof, by his bad and
jurious men sine H e might also le^
liovv imp »ssi >|e it is, ev.-n for his it
devoted litends, who appear willing
peril soul and h- dv in his service, to
lend him upon any ground of reason
As an instance of this, we quote tho
mn ks of the eloquent Preston on p
Hunting a mem .rial in behalf of a do
tation ot Tou ig VIen of Pennsylvai:
—Albany Da< A lv.
“All this proceeding on the part
young men, he said, marked the exc
ment how ing from the measures of
Executive, as of unusual character,
such actim is coming from young rn.
was objected to—that they ought
leave all this to tue older heads—he
one, (ell there was in it, an intrus
lesson, not to he lost sight of; and
rcmaiked upon the extent ofthe exci
mo lit as proved to be of a still rn;ire
t: aordmary character, when matt
that would have heretofore set the
ti oi in a blaze, had happened, u
passing, occurring every day, w
out any notice being taken of them.
He alluded to the Post Olfico, w’h
with fair estimates of its flourishi
condition presented to Congress, w
notwithstanding, bankrupted for yea
—to the faith of G ivernment pledg
contrary t<> la v, for the advancement
m >ne_, to sustain it—and to the imp
taut (act, that the President had
hitherto nominated any person to
these highly important olfices of l
G ivernment, which he had filled d
ing the recess—the Secretary of 1
Treasury—or the Attorney General
no Minister to England, where he
said important n >gotiations were goi
on;—none in the Northern Com
A id to what purpose he asked, w<
these nominations kept back? He w<
on with much of this, and madeathi
ling appeal upon the verification whi
was give,i to the statement Mr. Cl
made early in the debate, that
country was in the midst of n revol
tion, bloodless as yet This was
vinced in the apathy with which the a
count, that the blood of a citizen
turning from the exercise of his el
live franchise had been shed, was
ceived. The whole showed such a b
state of things, that no effort should
wanting to rouse the people to a sen
of what was passing almost unheed
hv them.
Mr. Brown of North Carolina, to
upon himself the task of defending tl
Executive for not making the nomin
tions, by stating, that the reason tf
this was to be found in the history
their own proceedings on the nomm
tions heretofore made hy the Presiden
Mr. P. in indignant terms asked, wi
it come to this pass so soon with tl
Senate, that one of their own bo'
defend these unconstitutional acts
the President, because they acted
the exercise of the solemn duty th
was pluced in their hands by the coi
stitutionr Mr. Brown backed out
Iiudibrastic style; for lie eat up
foirm-r declaration; equivocating tl)
lie had not stated that the history
their proceedings was the reasons wl
nominations were not made, hut tl)
this was a reason why we had no Mil
ister now in Fmglnud.
Mr. Forsyth found it necessary
take the field in defence of thcvExcci
ti ve; and he contentad himself by ur,
ing the constitutional privilege whic
he inferred as given to the Presidei
to withhold nominations until any p