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Agriculture, Jffanufartarrs, fa. ~~ EXTRACT™” From an Address delivered before the South Carolina Institute, at its First Annual Fair, cn the 20th November, 1849, by the HON. JAMES H. HAMMOND, “With capital, motive-powers, cheap provisions, And convenient transportation at our command, it would only remain to obtain operatives, on fair terms, to render our capacity to manufacture our cotton crop, complete. For this purpose, about thirty-five thousand, of all ages, would be requisite. 1 here is no question, but that our slaves might, under com petent overseers, become efficient and profitable op eratives in our factories. It may be of much conse quence to us, that this fact has been fully tested, and is well known and acknowledged, as it would give us, under all circumstances, a reliable source. But to take, as we should have to do, even three-fourths of the required number from our cotton fields, would reduce our crop at least one-third; a reduction that would seriously affect the great results we have in view. It would also enhance the prices of labor and provisions; not so much by the legitimate and profit able process of increasing the demand, as by dimin ishing supply; and it would curtail the relative power of the agricultural class. It purchased by the facto ries—the only feasible plan of using them —their cost would add fifty per cent, to the capital required for manufacturing. While, in their appropriate sphere, the cultivation of our great staples, under a hot sun and arid miasma, that prostrates the white man, our negro slaves admit of no substitute, and may defy all competition, it is seriously doubted, whether their extensive and permanent employment in manufactures and mechanic arts, is consistent with safe and sound policy. Whenever a slave is made a j mechanic, he is more than halt treed, and soon be- > comes, as we too well know, and all history attests, j with rare exceptions, the most corrupt aud turbulent of his class. Wherever slavery has decayed, the first, step in the progress of emancipation, lias been the elevation of the slaves to the rank of artisans and aoldiers. This is the process through which slavery j has receded, as the mechanic arts have advanced; aud we have no reason to doubt, that the same cau ses will produce the same effects here. e have, however, abundant labor of another kind, which, un able at low prices of agricultural produce, to compete with slave labor, in that line, languishes for employ ment; and, as a necessary consequence, is working evil to both our social and political systems, ibis labor, if not quite so cheap directly', will be found, in the long run, much the cheapest; since those who are capable of it, will, whether idle or employed, in evitably, in one way or another, draw their support from the community. According to the best calcu lation, which, in the absence ot statistic facts, can be made, it is believed, that of the three hundred thou eand white inhabitants of South-Carolina, there are not less than fifty thousand, whose industry such as it is, and compensated as it is, is not, in the present condition of things, and does not promise to be here after adequate to procure them honestly, such a sup port as every white person in this country is, and reels himself entitled to. And this, next to emigra tion, is, perhaps, the heaviest of the weights that press upon the springs of our prosperity. Most ot these now follow agricultural pursuits, in feeble, yet injurious, competition with slave tabor. Some, per haps, not more from inclination, than from the want of due encouragement, can scarcely be said to work •t all. They obtain a precarious subsistence, by oc casional jobs, by hunting, by fishing, sometimes by E hindering fields or tolds, and too often by what is, 1 ita effects, far worse, trading with slaves, and se ducing them to plunder for their benefit. If the ancient philosopher had the slightest grounds for aaying that it would require the plains of Babylon to support, in idleness, five thousand soldiers and their families, we may infer how enormous a tax it is on our resources, to maintain to the extent we do now. and are likely to have to do, directly and indirectly, our unemployed, or insufficiently employed poor. “From this class of our citizens, thirty-five thou - sand factory operatives may certainly be drawn, as rapidly as they may be called for, since boys and girls are required, in large proportion, for this busi ness. Nor will there be any difficulty in obtaining them. Experience has shown that, contrary to gen eral expectation, there exists no serious prejudice against such labor among our native citizens, and that they have been prompt to avail themselves, at moderate wages, of the opportunity it affords ot ma king an honest and comfortable support, and decent provision for the future. The example thus set, ot continuous and systematic industry, among those to whom it has heretofore been unknown, cannot fail to produce the most beneficial effects, not only on their own class, but upon all the working classes of the State. And, putting aside the immense contribution of manufactures to the general prosperity, it would be one of the greatest benefits that could possibly be conferred on the agriculture of South-Carolina, to convert thirty-five thousand of her unemployed, or insufficiently compensated population, intojietive and intelligent workmen, buying and paying tor the pro ducts of her soil, which their families consume. “But it has been suggested, that white Victory op eratives, in the South, would constitute a body hos tile to our domestic institutions. It any such senti i jnents could take root among the poorer classes of out native citizens, more danger may be and from them, in the present state of things, _ rfith the facilities they now possess, and the difficp* have now .to encounter, than if they v*‘ iC wrought together in factories, with constant enjoyment and adequate remuneration. It is well known, tlun , tie abolitionists of America and Euivffc, a re now mt “ in S -the most streuuous efforts V enlist them in their crusade, by encouraging the exclusive use ot w a is called, “free labor cotton/ and by mfiamatory ap peals to their pride and their supposed interests.— But all apprehension from this source are entirely imaginary. The poorest and humblest freeman ot the South, feels as sensibly, perhaps more sensibly than the wealthiest planter, the barrier which nature as well as law, has erected between the white and black races, and would scorn as much to submit to the universe degradation which must follow, when ever it is broken down. Besides this, the factory operative could not fail to see here, what one would suppose he must see, however distant from us, that the whole fabric of his own fortuues was based on our slave system; since it is only by slave labor that cotton ever has been, or ever can be, cheaply or ex tensively produced. Thus, not only from natural sentiment and training, but from convictions of self interest, greatly strengthened by their new occupa tion, this class of our citizens might be relied on, to sustain as firmly and faithfully as any other, the so cial institutions of the South. The fact cannot be denied, that property is more secure in our slave States, than it is at present in any other part of the world; and the constant and profitable employment of all classes among us, will increase rather than di minish that security.” omabental Water Fowls are advertised for sale in London, consisting of black and white swans, Egyptian, Canada, China, barnacle, brent and laughing geese, shel drakes, pintail, widgeon, summer and winter teal, shovellers Oodwall, Labrador, gold eyed and dun divers, Carolina docks, &c., domesticated and pinioned; also Spanish, Cochin China, Malay, Poland, Surrey and dorking fowls; white Ja pe, pied and common pea fowl. A Vegetable Compass. —It is a well known fact that in the vast prairies of Texas, a little plaut is always to be found which under all circumstances of climate, change of weather, rain, frost, or sunshine, invariably turns its leaves and flow ers to the north. If a solitary traveller were making his way across those trackless wilds without a star to guide or compass to direct him, he finde an unerring monitor in an humble plant, and he follows its guidance, certain that it will not mislead him. Fattening Poultry.—Coop up poultry to fatten, and they will do well up to 12 or 14 days. Keep them in the coops beyond tliat time, and feed them as muc-li as you like, they will grow leaner every day until they grow a” skinful of bones, and die. —Agricultural Gazette. The Plum.—Downing says the plum is naturally a mar ine tree, and it is surprising how much salt it will assimilate and thrive upon. We have ourselves given a single large tree a half bushel of salt in a season, applied to the surface of the ground in the spring, over an area as wide as the extent of the branch. The tree was in a sickly and enfeebled state, and it had the effect of restoring it to a healthy condition. — But we consider this an extreme ease and would not recom mend the use of salt every year.— Exchange. How to Kill “Worms. —For lawns, use lime water— —for gravel walks, edrrosive sublimate. .Department. The Biliiop and the Birds. —A Bishop, who had for his arms two fieldfares, with the motto, “Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing thus explain ed the matter to an intimate friend : Fifty or sixty years ago, a little boy resided at a little village near Diliengen, on the hanks of the Danube. His pa rents were very poor, and almost as soon as the boy could walk he was sent into the woods to pick up some sticks for fuel. When he grew older, his fath er taught him to pick the juniper-berries, and carry them to a neighboring distiller, who wanted them for making hollands. Day by day, the boy went to his task, on his road he passed the open windows of the village shod, where he saw the schoolmaster teaching a number of boys of about the same age as himself. He looked at these boys with feelings of j envy, so earnestly did he long to be among them.—- He was quite aware it was in vain to ask his father ; to send him to school, for he knew that his parents I had no money to pay the schoolmaster; and he often | passed the whole day thinking, whilst he was gath ; ering the juniper-berries, what he could possibly do ’ to please the schoolmaster, in the hope of getting | some lessons. One day, w hen he was walking sadly I along, he saw two of the boys belongingto the school i trying to set a bird trap, and he asked one what it ! was for. The boy told him that the schoolmaster was very fond of fieldfares, and that they were set ting a trap to catch some. This delighted the poor boy, for he recollected that he had often seen a great number of these birds in the juniper woods, where they came to eat the berries, and he had no doubt but that he could catch some. The next day : the little boy borrowed an old basket of his mother, and when he w ent to the wood he had the great de light to catch two fieldfares. He then put them in the basket, tying an old har dkerehief over it, he took them to the schoolmaster’s house. Just as he arri ved at the door, he saw the two little boys who had been setting the trap, and with some alarm, he asked them if they had caught any birds \ They answer ed in the negative; and the boy, his heart beating M.-itk joy, gain. <1 admittance into the schoolmaster's presence. In a few r words he told how he had seen the boys sotting the trap, and how he had caught the birds to bring them as a present to the master. “A present, my good, boy 1” cried the schoolmaster; “you do not look as if you could afford to make presents. Tell me your price, and I will pay it to you, aud thank you besides.” “I would rather give them to you, sir, if you please,” said the boy. The school master looked at the hoy who stood before him, with bare head and feet, and ragged trousers that reached only half-way down his naked legs. “You are a very singular boy,” said he, “but if you will not take money, you must tell me what I can do for you, as I cannot accept your present without doing something for it in return. Is there anything I can do for you V’ “Oh, yes!’’ said the boy, trembling with delight, “you can do for me what I should like better than anything else.” “What is that V’ asked the schoolmaster, smiling. “Teach me to read,” cried i the boy, falling on his knees; “oh, dear, kind sir, teach me to read!” The schoolmaster com lied.— The boy came to him at his leisure hours, and learned so rapidly’ that the schoolmaster recommend ed him to a nobleman residing in the neighborhood. ; This gentleman, who was noble in mind as in birth, ; patronised the poor boy', and sent him to school at Ratisbon. The boy’ profited by his opportunities; and when lie rose, as he soon did, to wealth and i honors, he adopted two fieldfares as his arms.— j “What do you mean ?” cried the bishop’s friend. ; “I mean,” returned the bishop with a smile, “that | poor boy was myself.”— Tales for Young People , | by Miss Landor. Examples for Boys.—Governor Ritner, who was for some time a member of tb -Legislature of Pennsylvania, a*d afterwards Governor of that State, was once a boy bound to Jacob Myers, an independent fanner, who brought hii* up. While K was Governor, there was a celebration of the Fourth of Jjrfy, at which Mr. Myers gave the following to**t : —Jo- seph Ritner —he was always a good boy , a/d has still grown better; everything he did, he always did well; he made a good farmer , and a good legislator; and made a very good Governor .” All this man’s greatness was the result of his being a good boy. Roger Sherman, in his public life, always acted so strictly from his own convictions of what was right, that Fisher Ames used to say r , if he happened mhe out of his seat in Congress when a subject was discussed, and came in when the question was about to be taken, he always felt safe in voting as Mr. Sherman did, “/or he always voted right.” This was Mr. Sherman's character everywhere. But, if we inquire how it came to be such, we must go back to Ids ear ly life. • Mr. Sherman s character was formed upon the principles of the Bible. And when he was an apprentice, instead of joining in the rude and vulgar conversation, so common aiuoug the class to which he then belonged, he would sit at his work with a book before him, devoting every moment to study that his eyes could be spared from the occupation in which he was engaged. When he was twenty-one years of age lie made a profession of religion. He was as familiar with theology as he was with politics and law. lie read the Bible more tlian any other book. Always, when he went to Congress, he would purchase a copy of the Bible at the com mencement of the session, to read every day; and when he went home, he would present it to one of his children. Mr. Macon, of N. C., said of him, that he had more common sense than any man he ever knew. Mr. Jefferson, one day, as he was pointing out to a friend the distinguished men in Congress, said of him : “ That is Mr. Sherman, a man who never said a foolish thing in his life.” Mr. Sherman was a self-educated man, a shoemaker, and a Christian. He was brought up after tile eld New-England fashion. And, as was the boy, so was the man. If you would be a wise man you must be a studious boy. If you would have an excel lent character, it must be formed after the model delineated in the Holy Bible. The superstructure must be laid upon the principles of God’s word. The Tom Leaf. Little Mary’s mother gave her lesson to learn from the first chapter of James. The edge of a leaf was torn a very little. Mary pretended to study, but was all the time look ing at the torn leaf. When her mother’s eyes were turned from her, she took the little scissors and cut all around the torn leaf, and in doing so she cut off some of the reading. til ®m@ mi 8 imißi i~. After a while her mother called her to come to her and recite her lesson, and when she took the book in her hand, she was surprised to see the leaf cut. “Mary,” she asked, “did you cut this ?” “No ma’am.” “It was not cut when I gave it to you.” “Well, mother I did not cut it.” “My child, you certainly must have done it, for the Bible has not been out of your hand since I gave it to you. ’ “I don’t know how it came cut mother.” “I fear, Mary, you are telling me an untruth ; the great ; God hears you ; he sees you ; his eye has been upon \ou ever since you sat down to study your lesson : he saw jour hand take up the scissors aud cut the leaf. He is now. look ing into your heart, and knows what you are thinking about and just liow you feel. Did you cut the leaf, Mary ?” “Yes, mother, I did.” “Well, my child, I must punish you for cutting the leaf, and for telling a lie. You have committed two faults. 1 have often told you that the commission of one sin prepares tlie way for another.” I expected to see Mary submit patiently to the punishment but she pulled, and stamped, and cried, and would not listen to any thing her kind mother said to her; so her mother whipped her, and put her in the corner. I wondered -h t Mary would say when she got over her passion, and 1 thought I would wait and listen. After she had sat in the corner a little while, she got up and ran to her mother, and put her arms around her neck, and kissed,her. “Do ma forgive me, I have been very naughty.” “My child I freely forgive you, and pray that your heav enly Father may forgive you. Go to your own room, and kneel down by your bed and confess your sin to him, and try to feel very sorry while you arc on your knees. Ask the blessed Savior to give you anew heart, and make you gen tle and peaceable, like the little doves and the lambs, and prepare you for his own beautiful heaven. Go away now and stay till I call you.” When Mary had left the room, her mother knelt down and prayed for her. When she arose, she took the Bible, and turned to the tom leaf, and read the 3rd and 6th verses, the very verses which she had requested Mary to commit to memory. Her heart was comforted, her countenance lost its sad expression, and she knelt down again and thanked her j heavenly Father for such a precious book. Little children, don’t tear or cut the leaves of your Bible. (Tljf Brnmirist. SPITTING AT A MARK. One cold winter night, in the West, many years ! ago, a small party were sitting around a bright bla- ‘ zing fire in a little country tavern, the only one the > town boasted of, when the landlord was suddenly ! aroused by a knocking at the door and a loud “hoi- : lo! yere.” As soon as the door was unbarred, a J stout young man entered, buttoned up iu a brown , overcoat, with a fur cap, booted and spurred, with a riding whip in his hand. “Lodgings for the night,” said he to the landlord, “and have my horse well fed.” Then approaching the fire, he spread himself, and tapping his boot with his whip he gave a supercilious look at the lit- i tie knot of men around, who had made way for him. “Thunderin’ cold night,” said he, unbuttoning his coat; “why do’t you have more wood on here.” “That was a great shot of Billy Robin’s yester day,” said an old man in the corner, peering over his spectacles at the stranger; “lie shot an Indian at two hundred yards.” “That was pretty fair,” said the stranger, “but I’ll bet ten dollars that I can out-shoot, out-ride, out wrestle, out-run, or whip anybody about your dig gings.” No one replied to this banter, and at last the old inan, who stood about six feet high, said: “We don’t fight much about here, stranger, ex cept with Indians, but as you appear keen for a bet, I’ll bet you ten dollars that I can beat you spitting at a mark at the distance of six feet.” “Done,” said the stranger, “I’ll take the bet.” And the money was forthwith put up, the distance measured off, and a cross made on the floor with a | piece of chalk for the target. “Well, go on,” said the old man, “your first spit.” i The stranger took his position, and calculating the distance with his eye to the mark, spit within an ine* of the chalk cross. “Well, beat that,” said he vitli a look of triumph. “That’s just what I’m going to do,” sAd the old man; and taking his place, fixed his specs firmly on his nose, knelt upon his knees, and stretching out his hands as far as ho could, he lead’d over and spit plump on the cross. “I rather think I drove the centre that time,” said the old man - resuming his feet, while the party round, \Ao had been watehmg the sport, now roared with Hugh ter. The old man quietly pocketed the stakes, while the stranger, with a gi*ve-yard countenance, simply remarked, “7s that ™ay you do business here /” and retired to his J dgings. IN OUR SCHOOL-HOUSE. Under tliif nea( h we f’ n J in the York Spirit some humor ous remiaivences by “Nix of Co\vanus,” from which we ex tract tlv following spicy paragraphs : “pvst class of vagabonds rise !” thundered our old school - AY ell, the vagabonds did rise. “Now answer every fuestion correctly, or I’ll break every bone in your bodies,” was the next pronunciamento of the old autocrat of the red school house. “John Brown, what do you understand by acoustics ? “Why a stick to drive crows with, I suppose.’ “Get out, you young vagabond ! Did I not see you rea ding about the science of sound ?” “Guess not—that was about Sylvester Sound the somnam bulist.” “It was, eh ? Sarah, you are din’s younger sister ?’ “Yeth thir.” “What is aecoustics?” “I know, thir—it ith, it ith the art of making a noith and hearing a noith.” “You are right. Explain it.” “Yeth thir. If you tick your finger in your mouth and then pull it out suddenly, the cold afr rushes into the vacum’ and produtheth a thound thatthrik * upon the tympan of the ear which niaketh the thound audible, and is denominated the thience of a coutlitixth.” “You are quite right, Sarah. John, can you now tell me what is meant by the science of aecoustics ? Be careful, sir, or you’ll feel my stick.” “Yes, sir. A cow sticks your finger in her mouth—kicks over the tin pan, which sounds awful, and is called the science of a cow’s kick.” “Well, John, you do credit to your teacher. You may take your books and run home.” “Willy Chase, what is the currency of the United States V ‘Cash and money.” “What are its denominations?’ “Copper, bogus and Bungtown cents, pennies, ftps, four pence, hap’nys, levies, ninepenee, Spanish quarters, pistar eens, and shinplasters.” “That will do.” “Jones, what is the standard weight of the U. S. ?” “Scale weight and a little longer.” “Samuel, how many kingdoms are there in the material world ?” “Four.” “Three, only three.” “Four, I think, sir.” “Well, name them—what are they ?” ‘Mineral kingdom, animal kingdom, vegetable kingdom, and kingdom come.’ ‘Now, how many kinds of motion are there V ‘Four.’ ‘No, only two ; voluntary and involuntary.’ ‘Simon says there’s four.’ ‘What does Simon say they are ?’ “Point, point up, point down, and wigwag.” ‘You rascal? I’ve a mind to wig wag your jacket ! Hadn’t you better describe the motion of my st ck ?’ ‘I can sir.’ ‘And its effect?’ ‘Yes, sir. Up stroke, and down stroke—the up stroke, regular and easy, the down stroke, spasmodically electrifying and its effects strikingly indescribable.’ ‘You understand that, I see.’ ‘George Smith, do you recollect the story of David and Go liah ?’ ‘Yes, sir—David was a tavern keeper, and Goliah was an intemperate man.’ ‘Who told you that?’ ‘Nobody. I read it, and it is said that David fixed a sling for Goliah, and Goliah got slewed with it.’ ‘Wasn’t Goliah a giant, a strong man ?’ ‘Yes, he was a giant, but he had a weak head.’ “‘llow so ?’ “Why, to get so easily slewed.’ ‘Yes, George, that was undoubtedly owing to the strength of the sling. Wasn’t David a musician ?’ ‘Yes, sir—he played psalms on the harp; a favorite in strument with the Jews, and at the present day it is called a Jewsharp. I have one in my pocket—here it is. Place it in mouth, thus—breathe on the tongue gently, then strike with your finger this way—and the psalms, in harmonious corncob ruetify on the ear as natural as thunder.’ ‘Tliat is sufficient —you can pocket your harp.’ ‘Jane, what is time ?’ ‘Something that flies, any how.’ ‘llow do you make tliat out ?’ ‘Why tempus fugit.’ ‘What’s that?’ ‘Latin, it means that time flies, and how can time if it flies, be anything else than something that flies ?’ ‘Excellent. What is the meaning ofrequieseat in pace V ‘Rest quiet, eat in peace.’ ‘Well, Jane; at Latin you are perfectly au fait—which translated means perfectly awful; it is a great phrase, from the classics, and applicable in this class particularly. Now take oft"your jackets, and I will give you ‘reward of merit.’ Those who get more than they merit, can keep the overplus as a to ken of no special affection for them ; and those who get less, can have the mistake rectified by mentioning it to me.’ A Good One.—We clip the following laughable article from the editorial columns of the Chicago paper :—A certain limb of the law arguing a ease in one of our tucker Courts, was informed by his Honor that the case had already been decided by the court. ‘I know it,’ responded the attorney, with a pe culiar nasal twang, for which he was then somewhat remarka ble, ‘but Iw 11 show that the court is wrong /’ And at it he went, right and left, when the judge again interrupted him with—‘l have decided that before.’ ‘Have, ha !’ with the usual accompaniment, responded the attorney, continuing his argument. By this time the patience of the Judge was get ting exhausted, and he was rather inclined to the ‘rile,’ and in a somewhat severe tone he said ; ‘lf you wish to persist in ar guing this case, you must carry it up to the Court of Errors.’ ‘Must, ha ! if this ain’t a court of errors , I don’t know what it is !’ Surgical Anecdotes.— Professor S , of B Uni versity, faraway “down east,” is a man untiring in his efforts to elucidate and explain every particular relating to the branches of science in which he instructs, and never suffers a pupil to leave the recitation-room without a perfect under standing of every fact adduced, in order that “the venerable institution” may not be scandalized by the ignorance of any of its graduates. At an exercise devoted to the veins and ar terics of the human corpus, after explaining that the reason why so many attempts at suicide by cutting the throat failed was from an ignorance of the distinction between the wind pipe and carotid artery, he remarked : “from my explana tions this morning, gentlemen, I trust that by you at least this distinction is clearly understood; but if any of those pre sent should ever fail in committing a felo de se by so simple and unpardonable an error, I beg of him, for the honor of the university, not > mention where he studied anatomy!” “Once upon a time,” in the course of a chemical recitation, tv e same Professor (who is somewhat hard of bearing) asked a student, “what general definition he would give to combus tion ?” “I did not exactly understand the question, sir,” was the reply. “Right!” returned the professor; “a better defi nition could not have been rendered ! The next!”— Knick. ■■—an—— Ills Character. —An editor in vindicating the private ’ dharafter of a friend who had been nailed for the crime of j shed) stealing, thus eulogizes him: “We have known Mr. j.'Tnomas for twelve years. Our acquaintance commenced with the great equinoxtial storm which blew down our grand father’s barn. At that time he was a young man in the prime of life, and we think, raised the best morrow-fat peas we ever eat. He was a good mathematician, kind to the poor, and troubled with the piles. In all the relations of husband, father, uncle, and trustee of common lands, he has followed the direct standard of duty. Mr. Thomas is, at this time, just 43 years of age, slightly marked with the small-pox, an estimable citizen, a church member, and a man of known in tegrity for ten years. And as to sheep stealing, that he would have done it if he could get an opportunity, is without the least foundation in point of fact. Mr. Thomas could have stolen our lead pencil several times, and he didn't do it.— It’s a sad world we live in. (TV luituu'luTjJin - . Useful Receipts. Texas Cake. —Take a pound of dried currants, pick them clean, wash them in cold water, drain them, and then spread them over the bottom of a large flat dish, (or an old Japan waiter,) and dry them before the fire, (having set up the dish in a slanting position,) or place them in the hot sun. Take also a pound of sal tana, or seedless raisins—any other sort must be stouod and out in half—mix the raisins and the cur rants together, and dredge them thickly with flour, tumbling them about with your hands, so that the flour may whiten all over. This will prevent them from sinking to the bottom, and getting into clods while baking in the cake. Prepare a tablespoonful of powdered nutmeg, mace, and cinnamon, mix ed together, and put the space to steep in a large half-tumbler” of cherry-brandy or peach brandy. Cut up in a deep earthen pan a pound of the best fresh butter, and add to it a pound of powdered white sugar, and stir them together till perfectly light. Into another pan sift a quart of flour; and in an other, beat six eggs till very light and thick. Having added the spice and liquor to the “pan of butter and sugar, stir in alternately the egg, the flour, and the fruit, a little at a time of each. Lastly, dissolve a teaspoonful of soda in a pint of sour milk or cream, and stir it, foaming, into the mixture. A pint of cider may be substituted for the sour milk. Stir the whole very hard, and transfer it to a large block-tin cake pan with straight sides.— The pan must be well buttered with fresh butter. Set it di rectly in a large brisk oven, and bake it well for five or six hours, keeping up a steady heat all the time. When done, take it out, and place it to cool on an inverted seive. Ice it when cool, flavoring the icing with lemon or orange juice, or with rose-water. All icing should be flavored. Carolina Corn Cake.—Mix together in a pan a pint and a half of sifted corn meal and a half pint of wheat flour, add ing a heaped salt-spoon of salt. Beat the eggs very light. Have ready a quart of sour milk. (You can turn sweet milk sour by adding to it a very little vinegar.) Tut into a tea cup a small tea-spoonful of super-carbonate of soda, and dis solve it in a little lukewarm water; then stir it into the milk. In another tea-cup, melt a full salt-spoon of tartaric acid, and stir tliat afterwards into the milk. Then add, alternately, the beaten eggs and the meal, a each at a time, stil ling them well into the milk. It should be about the consis tence of sponge-cake batter. Having beaten the whole very hard, butter square tin pans, fill them with the mixture, and set them immediately into a hot oven and bake them well. They may be baked in muffin-rings, pulling them open when brought to table. Carolina Rice Cake —Boil half a pint of rice till it has dissolved into a thick jelly. While warm, mix into it a large lump of fresh butter, and a salt-spoon of salt. Pour into a bowl a moderate sized toa-eup full of ground rice-flour, and add to it as much milk as will make a tolerably stift batter. Stir it till it is quite smooth and free from lumps. Them mix it thoroughly with the boiled rice. Beat six eggs as light as possible, arid stir them gradually into the mixture. Bake it on a griddle, in cakes as large around as a saucer. Eat them warm with butter, and have on the table, in a small howl or or tureen, some powdered sugar ar. 1 nutmeg, for those who like it. ——ss , Plain Boilf.d Rice Podding.— Wash and pick some rice, throw 7 among it some pimento finely pounded, but not much; tie the rice in a cloth, and have plenty of room for it to swell. Boil it in a quantity of water for an hour or two. When done, cat it with butter and sugar, of milk. Put lemon peel if you please. It is very gotxl without spice, and eaten with salt and but ter. Pi’ff Puddings. —Pour scalding milk upon white bread * sliced; let it stand till well soaked; then beat it well with four eggs, a little sugar and grated nutmeg. Bake in small teacups, which roust be only half filled. The absence of but ter will render these puddings very desirable to delicate stomachs. Sro.NGE Pudding. —These puddings must be made with the greatest exactitude. Cream, a quarter of a pound ;>f butter, and add four eggs, the whites and yolks, two ouuees of white pounded sugar, and two tablesoonsful of ilour: beat the whole up slowly, fill six small cups, and hake them for exactly twenty minutes. Serve with wine-sauce. Biscuit Puddings. —Mix together a quarter of a pound of bread-crumbs, with the same quantity of brown sugar and butter, five eggs, leaving out two whites, and then a quarter of a pint of milk : bake twenty minutes in cups as before. A Swiss Pudding. —Put layers of crumbs of bread and sliced apples with sugar between till the dish be as tu.i as it will hold. Let the crumbs be the uppermost layer: then pour melted butter over it, and bake. WMWI KG TON HALL. MACON, GA. a This popular Hotel has passed into the hands of the undersigned, who have had it thoroughly cleansed and re paired. It has, within the past year, been newly furnished throughout, and the sleeping apartments are equal, if not. superior, to any hotel in Georgia. The table will he supplied with the best the market affords, and every possible attention will be shown to those who may favor us with a call. The Ladies’ Apartments will be under the personal superintendence of Mrs. Meara. JAMES A. MEARA. E. S. ROGERS. (formet./ of the American Hotel, N. Y. and late of the Pulaski House, Savannah. Macon, Ga. March 21st, 1850. I—ly SIRCiICAL OPERATIONS. DR. JAMES WEAVER. (Memphis Tenn.) proposes to perforin all Surgical Operations of every description, and is well prepared with all necessary instruments to perform every description of opera- 1 tion that is performed in any of the northern cities. He operates suc cessfully on all affections of the eye, as well as all other cases and w ill insure a cure in all cases of cross-eye, (strabismus; and will g\nr antee success in every case of Club or Red-Foot, doxarthrus) or con tracted tendons in any portion of the system causing deformity. Testimonial.—The follow ing is given as one of many certificates of successful operation which have been furnished Professor Weaver by his patients. From the Memphis Enquirer, Jan. 30th 1850. Club or Reel Foot Cured. Mr. Editor —Dear Sir: Please publish the following case in your ; valuable periodical, that those who may be laboring under a similar : deformity may know 7 where to obtain relief. My feet were both reel ed or clubbed from birth, the toes turned inwards, the bottoms turned j backwards, and the tops forward, which threw me on the outside of my : feet, on w hich I walked up to the time of the operation. There was a large lump on the outside of each foot, where I rested the w eight of inybody in walking. I applied to Professor James Weaver, of Mem phis, Tenn. who is distinguished for his surgical skill, and on the 28tb day from the time of the operation, he put straight shoes on my feel, ; they being straight before me and flat on the bottoms. 1 can now walk on them very well and am improving daily and expect in a short . time to run and jump equal to any neighbor. There is no pain a'aen ding the operation but w hat can be easily stood by any one, and dur ing the whole operation there is scarcely any blood lost, and no sores j or inflaination. as most persons might suppose, liierc* is hardly any sum that would induce me to exchange my straight feet for the crook ed ones I had six weeks ago. I would advise all persons who are la- j boring under that deformity, to call on Dr. Weaver, who w ill cure ; them with certainty. E. T. PETTY. March 21st, 1850. [1 —ts J PROSPECTUS OF £1 )t Cxeorrjia Citizen. — &Q&— The undersigned, late Editor of the ‘‘Muscogee Demo crat,” Columbus, Ga. begs leave to present to the public the following programme of his plan he has marked out, in the publication of the “Georgia Citizen” : Ist. Ills motto will be—“ Independent in all things, neutral in nothing.” This is indicative of the position which the Editor designs to take in relation to men, princi ples and measures—a position above the influence of party or sect, and which will reserve to himself the largest liberty of speech and most unrestrained latitude of criticism upon all matters, moral, social and politieal, which may pass in review before him, as a public Journalist. 2d. As the name imports, the Editor's aim will be to Je velope the resources of Georgia and advance the interests of her people in the pathway of true greatness and prosperity. Under tins head, the agricultural and mineral capabilities of the state —its commercial facilities—its varied industrial pur suits, and the educational enlightenment of every class of its citizens, will be embraced, as leading objects of concern ment. 3d. The “Georgia Citizen’’ will be the foe of monopoly and exclusive privilege, in their every phrase and feature, and the special friend of honest industry of head and hand.— While “every form of tyranny over the mind of man” will be strenuously opposed, the “Citizen” will ever be found en forcing the constitutional requirements of toleration towards every shade of opinion winch may be entertained “for con science’ sake,” and defending the rights of the humblest from abuse or infringement. 4th. The “Citizen” will contain a weekly transcript of the current news of the day, gleaned with care from every a vailable source, foreign and domestic. U nder this head the Editor will introduce anew and interesting feature—that o special correspondence from the prominent cities of the State and Union, in which all that is rich in incident and racy in thought, will be garnered, weekly, for the reader's information and amusement. sth. The “Citizen” will have its Literary Department, where will be found the gem of poetic inspiration and the choice excerpts of a cliaste and instructive Miscellany, togeth er with original contributions from some of our most gifted writers. 6th. There will be a Department of Science, Art and Domestic Economy, in which useful facts and improvements will be recorded, for the benefit of the artizan, the housewife and the man of Science. 7th. A corner will be devoted to the passing facetiae of the age, in which will be preserved the piquant anecdote, the lively bon-mot and sententious epigram, together with the quirks and comicalities of those w ho are, by nature, Sons of Momus—or the laughing Philosophers of the times. From the Editor's experience in the business of Newspa per publication—’his new and central position—and his thor ough appreciation of the wants of the reading public, he flat ters himself that he will be able to make the “Georgia Citi izen” a welcome visitor to the fireside of every denizen of our noble old Commonwealth. At least, ho will enter upon the work, with a just sense of the magnitude of the task be fore him, and with an ardor of zeal and energy in the honor able vocation, which shall know no abatement until success be won, or failure inevitable. L. F. W. ANDREWS. The Citizen will be printed on a large imperial sheet , with new type and materials, and furnished at the follow ing rates : One copy per annum , in advance, - - $2 50 “ “ If not so paid , - 300 Two copies per annum , tn advance, - 450 Fi ve “ “ “ “ “ - - -10 00. One copy of the Citizen and one copy of Godey's La dy's Book, for a year. - - - - - 500 flgg” Address, free of Postage, L F. W. Andrews, Macon, Ga. PROCLAMATION, By Geo. W. Towns Governor of the Slate of Georgia. TO all and singular the Citizens thereof. Greeting The General Ax-embly h'-’ ing. by Joint Resolution. recmntn ided to f!,<-p, >. pie of this ;**3t*, to send two Del-gates from each of :Uc„- ■ * --*• on ai Districts to be held at the city of Nashville, in the sea it-une-see on the first Monday in June next; and having also re-ommended me to make proclamation thereof t ithe people of this Slate, I do hereby request ail the citizens of this State. < ntitl.nl to v. .tp for m- laueia ot the Legislature, to meet in the several counties of their respective Con* gressiona! Districts on the first Ti ksdav, being the second day, of A pril next, and then and there to elect two Delegates, one from each of the political parties, to said Convention. And it is ordered that said election be held nselecti- ns are for mem* berg of the Legislature, and that the returns of the same be nude to this Department, as are the returns of the elections for members of Congress. Given under my hand and the seal of the Executive Depart l. s.] ment, at the Capitol in Miiedgeville, this 4th day of March 1850. GEORGE W. TOWNS. By the Governor, J. M. Patton, S. E. D. March 21 Ft. I— 2t 3000 DOWfARS ns warn Reuben Rich’s Patent, Centre Vent. Water Wheel made entirely of Iron with iron ‘ r ates-~ a gainst Turbine, Hotchkiss ami all oilier WL tis. I WILL give S3OO Reward to any jierson who will produces a Pa tent Water Wheel, that will do as much business w ith the same quantity of water under any given head from three feet to thirty feet, or I will give SSOO to any person, who will produce a Breast Wheel un der a head of eight feet or less that shall equal it, in saving of water, or I wiß give the same amount to any one w ho will produce an oxer shot or undershot, that will last with ray wheel and not cost more mo ney sooner or later, or I w ill give the same Rexxard to any tnan who will produce an over shot undershot or Breast Wheel, that will run as steady as my wheel, or 1 will give SSOO to any one who will produce a w heel of anv sort or kind patented or not, that w ill combine to the same extent, chea- ness durability, power, speed or simplicity so easily applied in all situations and so universally applicable to ail purjioses and every location, or I will give SSOO, to anyone, who will produce a HoU kb As Wheel that does not consume fifty per cent more water to do the same Raw ing or Grinding. Those who doubt can visit the Coweta Falls Factory in this city and they 7 w ill sec my wheel, driving all their machinery witl-- at a Governor, where a French Turbine made in the great ci’y of Low'. U failed to do the business at all. Or if they v ill visit Pleasant Macon's in A. i < on county Alabama they will see one of my wheels, only 2 feet, 8 inches in diameter, under a head of 9 feet, grinding 9 to ten bushels of corn jier hour. Or in a short time I will show at Winter's Mills in thi> city, one of my wheels 3 1-2 feet in diameter, grinding, 53 to 60 bushels per hour with two pairs of stones, in the State of New York there are at least 500 o! my wheels. Grinding, Sawing and Manufac turing in a sty le never yet done by any other. With sufficient head I can turn 5000 Spindles and 100 Looms with one of my wheels but 2 eet in diameter. Gindrat & Cos. at the Montgomery works Alabama, who are manu facturing my wheels, will execute orders tor them, and deliver them in any place South of the Potomac, and furnish directions for putting them to their work, with models if required. Post paid letters addres sed to me at Montgomery care of Gindrat Si Cos. or at this place care of G. W. Winter Esq. will meet with prompt attention. In all ca.-ea when the Purchaser is not fully satisfied w ith the performance of my 7 wheel, the money will be returned. REUBEN RICH, Patentee, from Osw ego County New York. Columbus Ga. March 21st, 1850. RAGS! RAGS!IRAGS!!! fll EOOI FASTOIt IS prepared to purchase clean Linen Hemp or Cotton Rags, and will pay 3 1-2 cents per pounit, for 100.000 |K>unds, delivered at the Mills, on the Chattahochee River, (three miles ahoxe Columbus) in quantities of not less than 100 pounds. Merchants and Traders in the surrounding country, will do well to draw the attention of their customers to the advantage of saxing their Rags, and exchanging them for their goods and wares. Cash will always be paid for them at “R .cs island Factory.” By order of the Board. GEORGE W. WINTER, Sec’y. Columbus, Ga. March 21st, 1850. I—if MILITARY INSTITUTE. Georgetown, Ai/. BOARD oFviSITOKS. THE ADJUTANT GENERAL, together with fix-c fit persons, to be annually appointed by the Executive, to attend examir.rdi ms at least once a year, according to law. FACU L T Y * Incorporated xvith all the powers, and rights exeicised by the 7Vi:#- tees and h'.irutty of any other College. COL. T. F. JOHNSON, General Superintendent. *COL. E. W. MORGAN, Joint Superintendent and Professor of In /Tineering end of .Yaturai History. •LIEUT. COL. If. R. JOHNSON, Professor of .Witural and Experi mental Philosophy. +MAJ. W. W. A. FORRES, Profisss.r of M them tics. RICH ARD N. NEWELL, A. M. Professor of .Inctint and Modern Languages. JAMES G. BLANE, A. B. Adjunct Professor of I. nonages. RE\ . J. R. SU ll TANARUS, A. 31. Professor of Ethtrs and Belles Lettres. JAMES H. DAVIESS, Esq. Prof sser of J.ne. REV. H. V. D. NEVIUS, A. M. Principal of the Academy. CAPT. C. E. MOTT, Teacher in the Academy. CAPT. W. W. (i.WtiT, Ailjut-.ut of the Institute. •Educated at West Point, t Educated at the V irginia Military 7 Institute. Two hundred and thirty Cadets, from fifteen different States, have entered this Institution since it was organized, in jB,T. It is entire ly free from the control or dtu nation of any sect or rty .■■ -r po litical . r religious. Economy m dress, by the ad ption o', a cheap Uniform, for Winter and Summer, is r.gidly enforced. Evv.y *.-nt is required to select a College guardian, with whom all funds brought or received must be deposited, and no debt must be contracted without the consent of such guardian. An Institution combining the science of the West Point Academy and of Polytechnic institutes, with the classical literature of our test i Colleges, adding the modern language?, and superaJdmg practical i schools of Law and Engineering, nearly realizes the long-felt der .der ation of a university able to meet the wants of Western progress—a university where all may select a course of steady to suit their tune, means ond professional destination. Mr. Daviess, the Professor of I .aw, is known is the various Courts as a practitioner of great ability, varied learning, long experi ence and exalted character. His eminent qualifications, the whole some exercise and discipline of the institute, and the convenient ol*- servation of the forms of judicial proceeding, oiler unusual in. hi ce ments to those who are earnest to achieve distinction as sound Lawyers. CIViL ENGINEERING Will be thoroughly and pr.irticaliy taught in the Western Military In stitute —’he Professor, Coi. Motto ah, being one of the most skillful and experienced Engineers in the United States. All the instruments con nected xvith that department, have been procur’ and at considerable cost, and are of the best quality. The Superintewient takes the liberty of stating that he is now cfler eds7s per month, forenmpetant assistant Engineers. One of his for mer pupils receives at tins time $2,500 per annum, as Principal En gineer of a Railroad now 7 under construction in Kentucky—whilst others of the same class are receiving in different parts of the United States, $2,000, $1,500, or sl,-00 a year as Assistant Engineers. The time is rapidly approaching when there xviil lie a great demand for such as have been prepared for that vocation, at the Western Mil itary Institute. Nothing is hazarded in saying that they will readily command $1,200 or $1,500 per annum. Every man of observation must see that the gigantic enterprises already proposed, will give birth to hundreds of others, tributary to them. The rapid advancement of onr whole country, and the eagerness of our people, for exploring the i hidden resources of the new States and the newly acquired territory, will give ample scope tor ages to come, to the skill and enterprise of the Engineer, the Geologist, the Mineralogist, the Surveyor tfiDljy Arcluic. t. \'■ iiiur mi n\x lu> have an npt..udr fir tie- >i *.t!.< n>:-l I’liy • J scion v. .11 hv- a xxm- •;-to and t .lb-:.! i in an ii'ui .rable. a healthful ar.d .t i::. rnti■ t-ire...’, i* • tli-i i.! i it- i!i. r*uglily and prict,. nip. i :x -ir.!'. ‘ at small expense, at the Western Military Institute. •oHH TERMS. M In the Academy ... $33 (H) In the College -40 00 “ for Mu-*.: aid use of Artis and Acc-v-trements 3 00 For Fuel 2 60 ’ lit i HIDING cart lie had in private families at from two to a halt dollars a week. When in Barracks it is designed to Omuii *ns at a uniform rate. Students tnan a di.-tai.ee will t ■ r fIH ed to board at the Institute, and have no communication town, except as allowed by w ritten permits. g'Jr“ The next session will commence on the first of September, and” , continue ten months. March 21st, 1850. I—ts GOTTOI® GSlis i e t fmm t (Oi HAVE now in successful operation one of the most extensile and conwiete Manufactories of f>>TTON GiNS in the ■*• |‘ n * 1 The niaterais used are of tee best quality. Die machine y i-. a 1 pt and constructed on the ma t approved plans nr tue man j Cotton Lins. „ , , The machinists and workmen employed in the estabb>ent 1 skillful and experienced in the business; and they have s3 improve,i,-nts m the mechanism and construe’.,on of * %**. ‘ they feel certain, in every case, to furnish a Gin wmch xvnl adinimblx well, and give the purchaser entire satisfaction. j g^3“ORD? B3 can be sent to E. T. Taylor & Cos. by mad, r, r *” tracts mad.- with their Agents who are travelling through tbe connOT GINS w ill be sent to any part of the country, and in all cases war- i ranted to perform well. 1 Persons addressing the Proprietors by mail, xviil direct their a 1 to Columbus, Ga.. A sample of Cotton, just as it came from one of theirg.as, tun-d t'-.-r a planter of Muscogee county, can be seen r.r tl: ■ ff e “Georgia Citizen.” Macon, to which the attention f t and Planters is invited. N. Ousley R Son ire “lUUIt place, for the sale of these superior Machines. Columbus, March 2it, 1850.