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arborescence above ; so is the Organic Life of Man the ruditnental correspondence of the sensitive and affective life-tree, -which has its roots anchored deep down within the soul. It is, therefore, obvious that Plato and Pythago ras were both right in supposing that Man was a Diapason, made up out of a diatesseron, or soul, and a diapante, or body. He is a Micro-Uranian harmony, made up out ot all the micro-cosmiau harmonies—a harp of a thousand strings, which when stricken by the hands of the angels, make such music as doth “please the ear of God.” lie . _TirT__:--".~3ZTg Cnnßji imhm. LIiTTtU from C’OJLUITIBUS. Columbus, July 19th, 1850. Dear Doctor :—Tho friends of the Union, the lovers of libertv, law and order, held a meeting here yesterday, and proclaimed their sentiments in the very face of the Disunion ists. and vnrabile dictu, the privateers did not dare to hang or scalp a single freeman. The meeting was composed of reflecting sensible men. The speakers addressed their rea son and their judgement, tiot their passions and prejudices. It would have enlivened your soul, when, in the interval be tween the speeches our National song, “The Star spangled Banner,” was sung spirituoso. To liave heard five hundred men, past the middle ago of life, with patriotic tears dancing In their eyes, join in the chorus, and with voices that came from the heart, shout “We put our trust in God.” The ef fect can be imagined, but not described. It was superior to an army with banners. The Disunionists wailed and gnashed their teeth, and betrayed strong symptoms of fight, but from some unknown cause, that plentiful commodity, courage, was not at the sticking point, where it will be, when the Nash ville ultimatum can never be obtained—time alone will show. The plan for party organization adopted here, is very peculiar; with the Disunionists, it amounts to a domestic non-inter course. They will not eat Northern flour or fish. They have sent to South Carolina for large cargoes of rough Rice and red-finned Pikes.—These articles of food after a learned analysis, have been Ascertained to be the best nutriment for Quattlebum-chivalry. Experience teaches also, that when taken in any quantities, it only produces an overbearing, proud, haughty conduct towards all men of sense, with a disposi tion to shed their blood, when at a distance. This domineer ing disposition has never failed to be quelled by something like Jackson’s proclamation, with a slight tincture of the Force bill. The foregoing comprises only one class of the Disunionists. Another class may be termed Commercial.— This class, not being able to compete with their neighbors in fair business transactions, vows it will not deal with those who are so independent as to liave an opinion of their own. By this course the dealer appropriates to himself, a monopoly, In the trade of inexperienced saplieads, who are fast spend ing a patrimony not earned by their own skill or industry. The dealer thus lays and collects a living per cent on the ig norance and prejudice of his customers, belches forth all his steam in favor of Southern rights, pockets the cash, takes liis family, and in one day less than the world was created, is seated in the North, with his lips scaled about Southern wrong, revelling in the luxuries of the climate and season, paid for by the ignorance of his monopolized customers. Another class, believe they are made of purer and better clay, than those who are doomed to labor, and eat bread in tho sweat of their brow. This class desire tear, so they may all be epauletted, and boast of an alliance with the British to maintain them.—Stars, garters, and titles of Nobility, are to be their rewards.—Duke and Duchess, Count and Countess, with pure, noble, family blood, forever, are brilliant visions in theirt depraved imaginations. Disunion, war, downfall of ’ Fiber V, must be the inevitable results of tlie present agita tion. Reason with the people and keep it before them and tb *>j —a* Avert it. A MERIC ns LETTER from ATLANTA. Atlanta, July 23d, 1850. Dear Doctor : —The great “Snake Nation” eases were all disposed of last week. I learn that some fifteen of the cit izens were found guilty, and tliat they were required to va eate within a specified time. Several of their neighbors took the hint and forthwith vamoosed , and I understand that the Marshal commenced the duty yesterday afternoon of unliou aing the remainder. The Council deserve much praise for their patient hearing of these eases, and summary proceedings ordered against the offenders ; and it is to bo hoped that the Marshal will perform his duty in the premises without “fear, favor or affection.” The trials occupied the entire week, du ring which several rich scenes occurred, which, if I could di vest them of their peculiar odor, should be laid before your readers. But that is out of the question. There were like wise, some of a revolting character ; and none more so than to see and hear married men—grey-headed sires of virtuous children—questioned and cross-questioned with regard to their familiarity with these wantons. Wliat an example this for the rising generation. These old rakes seem to have for gotten (if iudeed, they ever knew) that “in the morn and liquid dew of youth Contagious blastinents are most imminent.” A meeting was convened at the Council Chamber on Sat urday evening last, for the purpose of making suitable arrange ments for giving expression to the deep feeling of grief expe rienced by all classes of the community, in the death of the late President of the Republic, Gen. Zachary Taylor. A string of resolutions (which I did not hear read) were adopt ed ;Jaftcr which, John L. Harris, Esq., responded to calls from various parts of the Hall, in a brief but brilliant speech, eulogistic of the lamented diad. I understand that the whole duty of making the arrangements for carrying into effect the wishes of the community, was confided to three citizens; and that, when they shall liave perfected their arrangements, and agreed upon a day, the Mayor is acthorised to issue his proclamation, requesting the closing of all places of business and inviting the people generally to unite with us in paying due respect to the mournful occasion. Thus far, very well.— But, like most other things which are undertaken here, in which the same busy individual has a hand, the proceedings of the meeting had a most ridiculous /male. Previous to ad journment, and, in fact, almost before the echoes of the tal cutod young eulogist's voice liad died away, the individual who liad been honored with the chairmanship of the big Committee, arose and deliberately and solemnly introduced the everlasting subject of riauk Roads ’ In an instant, there was a rush from the Hall, and the crowd dispersed as fast as they could, thus showing their utter disgust of the man, and his nauseous compound. I shall not be surprised if this indi vidual makes it a sine qua non with the Orator to be chosen by him, that a part of the Funeral Oration shall be devoted to the advocacy of Plank Roads ! A visit, a few days since, to the Steam Flouring Mill erect ed in this city, has impressed me very favorably with all its ar rangements. The machinery is all up, and, I believe, per orms to the entire satisfaction of.thosc most intimately inter ested. I learn that the Mill will be put in operation in a few days, when I will endeavor to procure for your inspection a sample of the flour made by it. I sincerely trust that the pro prietors may be richly compensated for their princely outlay, in the erection and furnishing of this magnificent building. One day last Week, while the Georgia Railroad Freight train was in transit over the Aleova bridge, near Social Circle, a portion of it gave way, and let one car through. Fortu nately, the engine and part of the train had reached the op posite bank; consequently, the damage was but slight. I have heard of no other accident on cither road since my last. The passenger trains liave all run with remarkable regularity, aud with full cars. A certain M(aster) D(rinkor) named Star, who professes Phrenology, Ac., has so annoyed our people, for several weeks past, with his oligies and isms, that it was determined to treat him to a free ride out of Town on a single rail ! Ac cordingly, a party was organized (report says, by a brother typo of yours,) and despatched to “Snake Nation” in quest ®f him. But the M. D. having got wind of what was going on, made himself scarce ; and the valiant “Greasers” return ed without a single laurel. This is much to be regretted, in asmuch as a.i hundred persons or more, (some of them ex cessively pious fathers,) who had accidentally assembled in the neighborhood to see the fun, were most cgregiously dis appointed ! The health of our city continues remarkably good. The weatlier is rather warm, though we have delightfully pleas ant nights. Yours truly, G ABRIEL. LETTER from COIILIWBIJS. Columbus, July 21, 1850. Doctor :—As Shakespeare would say, if he was in town, “ Columbus is itself again,” and if you could have been with us for the last week, you would liave thought so. The Dis unionists and Free Soilers have been kicking up big shows —shows superior to Sergeant BeH’s, where all sorts of strange sights and sounds could be seen and heard. Like the Ser geant’s, the farcical performances were well calculated to please the juveniles, for which the willing pennies were showered in abundance upon the old soldier. The old fel low’s biographer has neglected to inform posterity, whether any of his audience, at any time of the panorama, regretting the investment they had made with time and money, left in disgust. Therefore, as no mention is made of such “ acts of indecency” having been committed, we are necessarily com pelled to believe that they never occurred. The meeting called by the 36,30’5, or fights, on last Tuesday, was well at tended and to order and decorum the strictest regards were paid. Every thing passed off as pleasantly as possible, con sidering the unsoundness of the grounds which they occupied, and the excessive heat of the sun—either, or both, in our hum ble opinion, being objectionable, and if we were compelled to choose of the"“ two evils” give us the lesser, and we ask no questions. 1 will not trouble you with a report of the pro ceedings, as you have doubtless seen them before now, and morever being “ rather timid” by nature, I dislike to dwell on topics where such terrible words as “ bloody war.” “ Death to the knife.” “ War into Africa.” “ Whole Hog,” &c., are mentioned, as they were on the occasion of this meeting. They adjourned till after tea, and met again in Concert Hall, where a few more speeches were delivered mostly by gentle men from Alabama, a fellow by the name of Pugh , whom report says is the only whig that Parson Hilliard ever mauled, first addressed the meeting which was composed of a goodly number of men, but a “ powerful small chance of ladies.” The gentleman lias the reputation of being a talented man, and an elegant orator, and if he desires the “ false impression” to remain good in the minds of our citizens, wc would adviso him to visit us only at long intervals, and then to “ speak only when spoken to.” He advanced no arguments of his own, but undertook to say a great deal, which undertakings when formed by the hallucination of the brain most generally ex plode in gas—doing nobody harm, and their friends no injury. The next speaker introduced was Ingliram, of Harris, who is Major-General, Captain, Colonel or Esquire, we don’t know which, and our ignorance of his title, wo hope, is excuse sufficient for not giving him his due. The gentleman possesses some ability, which if directed in the proper channel “ might possibly on a stretch” result in some benefit; and we were pleased to see a man whom “fortune has frowned upon,” blessed with an intellect, over-balancing his “outward appear ance”—the latter being 36, 30, under middling-fair, and the market wavering with a downward tendency. John Jose, Mous. Napoleon Bonaparte, Gill Shorter, of Eufaula, was then escorted to the stand, and presented by Major 11. to the audience. His address was short, considering he came so long a distance to deliver it, “breathed fire and blood”—so much so that a little fellow sitting near me became very sheered, and only remained, by my pro mising to protect him. If no other business but to “ skeer the children” brought him to Columbus, he can, I am sure,find better em ployment in his “ attorney hole” in Dog Town ; and when the “ British come over to help us whip the yankecs,” we hope he will get the prosecuting of Tory claims for “ pigs and chick ens” destroyed by the red coat army, or any other dirty busi ness that may follow the war. But we drop him—being satisfied his speech, for one of his years, was but poor indeed. Before the conclusion of his remarks, we left, not wishing to hear him longer on the British subject, but more of this anon. The friends of the Union, or as their opponents call them, Free Soilers, had quite a large and enthusiastic meeting on the Thursday following. They were addressed by James Johnson, Col. Holt and Hon. J. E. Belser, of Alabama, in the morning, and by Maj. Morton and others in tlie evening. ’Twas thought by all that tho programme of the day would be carried out without interruption, and that general satisfac lacnou oriven to every one like the Tuesday pre vious, but m this they were uoomea to be disappointed The excitement had reach “ boiling he,-> Maj Morton rose, and during his speech was interrupted and sit u., *. ... a gentleman in the crowd. I could not, for the life of me, divine how men of sense, talent and standing, would allow their angry passions to gain the ascendency, most especially in the presence of so large an audience, composed of ladies and gentlemen. The feeling exhibited on the occasion, re minded me of a little story, that I remember reading when a school boy, and ’twas to this effect: A merchant, a very re spectable man, had three little sons—all very clever little boys, and promising children. The eldest, whose name was Ilotty, was thought to be the cleverest of them all, being diligent, kind, candid and generous; but yet one great fault remained, Ilotty was by nature a warm and passionate youth, and when his passions rose he had not acquired the art to let reason subdue them. He always wanted things conducted to suit his taste, whether right or wrong, and would be mad at those who differed with him. Sometimes at school his lessons were long, requiring industry and practice to commit them to memory, but instead of reasoning, would give vent to rage, and throw his book down oti the floor. When the other boys in school had lost a marble or top, they would search for the missing top, or would bear their loss becoming ly ; but Ilotty Pepper would render himself ridiculous by stamping with passion or crying. He believed that others possessed the power of ruling the weather, and when the falling shower prevented him from going out, he was most highly excited. This feeling in Ilotty Pepper was a great source of merriment to the servants, and tlie louder he cried, the louder they laughed, And then, when old and strong enough To take his place at school, VVhen’er his passion he betrayed, His playmates called him fool, And played him many artful tricks His passion to provoke; At which their laughter and their jests, Their ridicule bespoke. Such things occurred to Ilotty Pepper so frequently that ho made up his mind to amend his ways and gain a better name, which he accordingly did, and this is the last of little Ilotty Peppar, and the last from UNCLE TOBY. LETTER from CHEROKEE. Catoosa Springs, Murray County, July 16th, 1850. Dear Doctor : —As I promised to write you on my arri val here, I embrace the first opportunity to drop you a line, “as the man said to the little fishes,” and give you a hasty account of my journey here, also my impressions of this great place that is to be. I left Macon by cars at 8 o’clock, A. M. nothing happening of interest, ’til my arrival at Griffin, at half pastil. There dinner was announced ! Yes, Doctor, only think of a fashionable man being called on to take dinner at that hour ! It was something new to me, to dine at lunch hour.—Pursued my journey to Atlanta, arriving there at half past 3, where I was compelled to remain only sixteen and a half hours, and to be tortured and phlebotomised by the bed bugs at the Atlanta Hotel. Slept but little, owing to this an noyance, but I must do Dr. Thompson the justice to speak of his tabic. It was very clean and nice, and his coffee was excellent. As for the bugs, this is accounted for, by his being without a wife to see to the apartments. This is poor con solation however, for travellers who have to suffer. At 8 o’- clock, A. M. next day, took the State Railroad Cars for Ram sey’s Depot, at 12, dined at Kingston, and bad an excellent dinner, although, the Hotel did not look very inviting. Passed through the Tunnel at 3 o’clock, which was as dark as Egypt, and quite cool. Arrived at Ramsey’s Depot at half past 3, where I found conveyances in waiting for passengers for the Springs, distance about two miles. ( The Springs are in a valley and number over fifty, and you can have any kind of water you wish. The Hotel is on an eminence, about fifty yards from the Springs, with a twenty foot piazza all around, three stories highland the dining-room the whole length of the building, on the first story. There are sixty rooms in the House, and when every thing is com pleted, it will be a splendid Establishment. The Proprietors, Messrs. McDonald, Huchinson & Batley, are determined to make it a place of pleasant resort, if comforts, such as, a good table, clean beds, a band of music, attentive servants, amuse ment of all kinds, &c, &c, can make it so ; sparing no ex pense, having already, I have been informed, expenped $30,- 000 and intend to expend $20,000 more. I mus t not neglect to mention, that the table is equAl to the first class Hotels in its appointments, such as silver forks, napkins, &c. You will have to come up and see for yourself, as I am satisfied that I cannot do justice to the task I have undertaken. There are forty persons here, now, and when every thing is completed, they can accommodate 350. I will write you a fII ®®©rn ©1 A, ■6lfl 1$ M o gain, and post you up more fully. Hoping you may recover from the blackguard attack of the “Republic,” I am, Yours Truly DINKS. LETTER from COLIMBIS. Columbus, July 20th 1850. Dear Sir :—The meeting of the Fire Eaters and Disun ionists came off here on Tuesday the 16th inst. and which was gotten up in advance, for the purpose of fixing the senti ments of the working classes. They thought to make it a one-sided affair. The meeting was well attended. The poor old man was in the Chair, and it was well, perhaps, for it will be remembered that he has lately taken to wife one of the fair daughters of “Quattlebum,” alias, that petty Mon archy, “South Carolina.” She, of course, could never sub mit to have her “Chivalry” unrepresented in sentiment.— The Senator of these parts was in partnership. There were several incendiary speeches, and in the absence of His most Christian Majesty, Judge J had to take his place. It is strange that high Judicial functionary, aided by others who want to be legislative, should take such positions, instead of being the leaders, promoters and supporters of law, order and the Constitutional powers. The reverse of all this ap pears. Success would seem to be the only object, for other wise, such low, false, degraded and dangerous means would not be resorted to; but it is like unto the means used in 1844, when it was asserted “that we annex Texas and then have another land lottery.” There was present a group from the Indian named village of Alabama, in the Indian meaning, the “Lousy Dog town,” otherwise “Ephoe,” “Eufala,” who call ed themselves delegates, consisting of some 15 or 20, eaoh of them wishing to outvie the other in claims to office, from Ld. John G. S. to high Sli’ff of the Kingdom, and even lower rather than miss—the said Ld. John urging his cause, and its support by the promised aid, support and consolation of the “mother country,” alias “Great Britain,” to sustain their beautiful nurseling, that she might, with more impunity, chas tise her refractory children, with rods of iron and in chains. Such measures, means and men, should be hissed at for all times to oomc. There was Porter I , a Porter from Connecticut, now from Harris Cos. who was present in all his length, who seemed to think the people of Harris did not know they had rights and which they would never learn from that “pam phlet, the Columbus Enquirer;” the said Porter was for fight. If there was any in him he is long enough to divide. But it is strange, friend, you should so feel, when you have a young wife just in her teens, anti who must loose all if she loses her negroes, which, loose she must, if you work out your prob lems. Again, what is more strange, to see men who are from the Yankee States, talking about severing the Union, fighting, and going to the homes and hearts of their parents to shed their blood; there are ties and feelings in Nature, which, when surpassed, man becomes a brute, and we do safely assert, that when we hear men talk so about shedding the blood of their kindred for no just cause, there is such a depravity of heart and lack of all tliat is natural, that they are poor, very poor substitutes for us, the South, to rely upon in the time of need. Contempt must meet every such a man in the highway; frown on him and call him “Iscariot of the Potters field.” But there wasß . ,of Harris Cos. who has been a repre sentative twice, the last time, in 1849; he was elected by 60 majority, whilst his colleague received 250. “What power he has got! but he has found the place and time where he thinks he can find revenge, and be satisfied with being a slave. He says slavery must go to California, or he will die in tlie at tempt—go it, Ramsey—and for this the Fire Eaters adopt him; pat him on the back and cry hurrah, and wish they had a thousand. Why not say one hundred thousand ? They would do to stop lead. Old Jack honored him with an invite to his palace, and he was complimented with a Handkerchief from Miss, embroidered with roses, as an emblem of his no bility and fidelity to tlie house of the white or red roses as you please. One of that tribe who was so void of all heart and feeling as to persecute and crucify the best of all beings, Christ, shown forth in his way. This said “Mordecai” wm a _ dele gate from Florida to nominate — 3 “'to lately neuycu, uu rsashville Convention as lU,UUu Sea Serpents, who took the air and flop'd their tails together and rained down flesh and blood in Sampson county, North Carolina. He has emigrated from Florida to Georgia to en lighten them upon their rights. Remember, your tribe would never fight, but when their oppressed was tried; and you are marked for the crime, by not being allowed the power to spit over your chin. This crowd seemed to insinuate, by the way of a scare, that they wobld drive all their opponents from the town and country. Wc would suggest to them to join “Lo pez,” and take Cuba and Hayti. By that time their wood will be so exhausted that they cannot raise steam again. On Thursday the 16th inst. the Union meeting was on hand; the Barbecue was well fixed and the whole affair show ed peace, a good^spirit and good order. There were many ladies present, and a good and genuine moral lecture was de livered by a very worthy and Reverend gentleman, without mixing a word of polities in it. This state of things made one feel that all was right and safe. As yet, eating was the minor question of the day; all felt too intensely for the peace and happiness of the country and the safety and preservation of the Union. Judge II presided with dignity and de corum over the meeting, and Mr. M made a speech for peace and the Union, well adapted to the occasion and highly commendatory to the speaker. Whilst in his speech he was interrupted by Jew Moses, who had as well kept quiet about the matter, for as every person says, it ill becomes a stranger to be so conspicuous. The Alabama General dealt our friend a blow, but did not hurt him. This was beyond all de cency and will, in due time, meet its reward; lie may some time wake up the wrong passenger. All went off harmoni ously, with the exception of a move on the part of the “Fire Eaters,” to have the resolutions of the meeting read and pas sed separately, which was put down, by a determined mo tion to have all read and passed at once, which was immedi ately responded to and passed. It is well, for it saved life and bloodshed. The people were determined not to be imposed upon any longer by their measures and means. At the conclusion, the Glee Club struck up with much feeling the National air and Song of the “Star Spangled Ban ner,” it brought forth great applause; when they came to the last verse the request was made that the audience join in, which they did. They seemed to be inspired with tho words, and feelings of the occasion and the song—their feeling at that time is beyond the power of description. The tears rolled down the furrowed cheeks of the old man and matron —the daughter and the son wept alike.. The poor forlorn foreigners, afar off from home and friends, wept bitterly and looked back in silence at his European chains, and exclaimed in broken accents the words of the song, adding, “this was and this is my last, my only hope of Literty;” and when it came to the last two lines of the last verse, there seemed to be but one voice and one feeling for— “ The Star Spangled Banner, oh long may it wave, O’er the land of the Free and the home of the Brave.” it sounded like unto one great mighty voice from on high, without a discord. The heart of all was filled to overflow ing with its purest emotions, the sanctity of religion and the last words of “Te Deum,” could not have produced a more thrilling effect; this “was the time that tried men's souls,” aud all was ready to have shed their last drop of blood for the most trifling insult offered to the Stars and Stripes of the Union. There was present an “honest tar,” whose whole soul was carried away by the song; his heart wept tears, not of sorrow but of joy; he said those stripes shall never be torn into shreds, nor those stars blotted out from the Union, the only pride of his heart and beloved of his life, and oft, when far away in a foreign land, he could look on it and say my only friend, my freedom land! It was always joy to him to see it unfurled, and never Sunday but when it was—destroy it, and what would our noble ships do for a Flag that could boast so much? We will never strike it—never give it up, raaeh less part with it. It is readily perceived, all over the country, that the Nasli viile Convention and its proposed ratification meetings, have done their all, and arc highly disapproved of. The current of public opinion is reversed; there has not Leennoris there any omens followed; no lioness whelped in the streets; no graves have yawned and yielded up their dead; no 4 fieroe fifcry war riors fight upon the clouds, in ranks and squadrons and right form of war, which drizzled blood upon the Capitol; no noise of battle hustled in the air, nor horses neigh, nor dying men groaned, nor ghosts shriek and squeal about the streets, nor the sun ceased to rise and set, nor the planets cease to occu py their orbits, nor is the Union dissolved. Cease, then, “with a monarch’s voice to cry havoek and let slip the dogs of war.” The “Fire Eaters’’here have split upon one question, and that is, whether their St. James shall be on Ingersoll’s hill or >n Wynton’s. Yours, respectfully, LOOKER ON. (Sforgift Citizen. L. F. W. ANDREWS, Editor. ~ MACON^ • The Editor’s Absence. The absence of the Editor for several days past, must be his apology for the lack of his usual Editorial variety iu the present issue. Tlie same cause has Operated to postpone replies to much correspondence on his table. %* A letter from Washington, and other Correspondence, received too late to be inserted in this issue. Macon Mechanic’s Society. At a regular meeting of the Society, on Saturday evening last, the following officers were elected for the ensuing six months: Charles P. Levy, President. Charles G. Douglas, lsf Vice President. Mathew 11. Swinden, 2nd Vice President. David Toucey, Secretary. A. F. Sherwood, Treasurer. LIBRARY COMMITTEE. L. F. W. Andrews, Chairman <J- Librarian. W. C. Wilson. George W. Talmage. S. T. Chapman. James H. Nisbet. The Society is making every effort to form a rcspectaplc and extensive Library, and have succeeded in raising the a moant of eight hundred and seventy-seven dollars, which will probably be increased to a much larger amount. Tlie utility of the object will address itself te the common sense of eve ry good citizen, and should receive their support. There are many who may liave books to spare of a rare or valuable char acter, more conveniently than money. These would be no less welcome than the cash, and gladly accepted. —Journal Messenger. Telegraphed for the Savannah Georgian. Washington, July 20. Latest and most acurate Report of the For • motion of the Cabinet. Mr. Webster, of Massachusetts, Secretary of State. Mr. Corwin, of Ohio, Secretary of the Treasury. Mr. Pearce, of Maryland, Secretary of the Interior. Mr. Graham, of North Carolina, Secretary of the Navy. Mr. Bates, of Missouri, Secretary of War. Mr. Nathan K. Hall, of New York, Post Master General. Mr. Crittenden, of Kentucky, Attorney General. Mr. Webster’s nomination was unanimously and instantly confirmed. SECOND DESPATCH. Washington, July 21. All the Cabinet appointments noted in my despatch to you yesterday have been confirmed. E WEF® L.iwn* ac-KKAM- V7vnADK>. ARRIVAL OF THE AMERICA, AT HALIFAX* FURTHER ADVANCE IN COTTON, WITH LARGE SALES. Satisfactory accounts from the Manufacturing Districts. Favorable reports from India and China. Great excitement in Portugal on account of the appearance of an American Fleet in the Tagus. DEATH OF SIR ROBERT PEEL. New York, July 19th. The steamship America arrived at Halifax on the 17th inst. with seveqj days later dates. Her accounts are from Liverpool to the 6th and Havre to the 4th inst. LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET. Cotton has advanced l-Bd. per pound on all descriptions above inferior. Tlie week’s sales amounted to 60,000 bales, of which speculators took 17,000, and exporters 6,000 bales. COMMERCIAL NEWS. The commercial intelligence from India and China is satis factory. MANCHESTER MARKETS. Accounts from the Manufacturing Districts represent an increased trade for manufactured goods. LONDON MONEY MARKET. The Money Market was easy. Consols had fluctuated from 96 1-4 on Tuesday to 97. HAVRE MARKET. The Havre Market was quiet at the arrival of the Ameri ca, but her accounts from this country caused an improved feeling and sales of 3000 bales took place on the day her news reached the city at full price. GREAT EXCITEMENT AT LISBON. The greatest excitement prevailed at Lisbon, owing to the arrival of an American squadron in the Tagus, for the pur pose of enforcing the claims of the United States Citizens against the Government of Portugal, amounting to seventy thousand dollars. Twenty-one days were allowed by the A merican commander for a final reply. Fears were entertain ed that the Portuguese Government would refuse to comply with our demands, as they had determined to resist them. RUSSIA AND DENMARK. The Schleswig difficulty between Russia and Denmark has been satisfactorily adjusted. FATAL ACCIDENT TO SIR ROBERT PEEL. Sir Robert Peel was thrown from his horse on the 28tli June and almost instantly killed. Advice Gratis, No. 1* “Let not the Citizen mistake itself, and harbor for one mo ment the thought, that the people of Georgia are in favor of the Clay Compromise. We will venture to say, that the meeting called will repudiate this favorite scheme of his.”— Ringgold Republican. Thus speaks a liitle echo of disunion, up in Ringgold, Ga. in reference to the Union meeting held in this city, on the 6th inst. He has, by this time, discovered, perhaps, that his ‘ venture to say,” didn’t amount to a true prophecy, even in a name. Advice Gratis, No. 2. “Wc would suggest to the proprietors of those prints in Georgia, who are 00-operating with the free-soilers, by their hostility to the address aud the patriotic resolutions adopted at Nashville, to remove their establishments into a free State—in to, their own peculiar latitude. A wider field would there be presented than that of Georgia, for the dissemination of their free-soil notions.”— Ringgold Republican. We don’t know ofany/rre soil presses in Georgia who are engaged in disseminating/ree soil notions, save the disunion gentry who are willing to give up 5 1-2 degrees of New Mexi co to the Free Soilers, without their asking for it! This folly is not chargeable upon Clay's Compromise but is clearly part and parcel of the plan of the Nashville Conventionists. If however, as we suppose, the Republican’s suggestion is direct ed towards the opponents of the unauthorized Nashville Con vention, we “venture to say” that should his advice be taken, the remainder of the Georgia Press would present a beggarly account of emptiness and vanity that would be without a par allel in the history of newspaperdom. (jy Mr. James, the English Novelist, is on a visit to Washington Irving, at Sunny Side, near Tarry town, N. Y. , Hon. 0. A. P. Nicholson, v*. the Nashville Convention. Mr. Nicholson, of Tennessee, the same gentleman to whom Gen. Cass addressed the famous letter, called the “ Nicholson Letter*’ during the last canvass for the Presi dency, was a member of the Nashville Convention, and one of the dissentients to the argument of the Address put forth by that body. Mr. N. goes into the merits of the sub ject, with ungloved hands, and clearly shows the unsouud ness of the policy advocated by the Convention, and especially the unsoundness of the reasons set forth in the address against the adjustment Bills of the Committee of Thirteen. We regret our inability to present to our readers the whole of this able document, and must, therefore, content ourselves with the following remarks, respecting the right of California to oome in as a State, and on the inexpediency, on the part of the Nashville Convention, of denouncing the Adjustment Bills before the Senate. On the first subject, Mr. Nicholson thus speaks: “ But in the second place, the argument is, that for Congress to recognize the constitution and ratify it by her admission as a State, is the same thing as if Congress had originally passed an act adopting and enforcing the Wilmot Proviso. This conclusion is but the sequent to the first proposition, and if that lias fallen, this necessarily falls with it. All will concede that if the people of California had been under a territorial government they could rightly have formed a constitution containing the Wilmot Proviso and have properly sought admission into the Union. In that case her constitu tion with its Wilmot Proviso would be invalid until Congress breathed life into it by admitting her into the Union. Would the author of the address stigmatise that as the enforcement of the Wilmot Proviso by the legislation of Congress? I suppose he would readily answer in the negative. In what consists the difference between that case and her present ap plication. Congress refused to give the people territorial government, and for their own preservation and protection they formed a voluntary government for themselves. In order to secure an admission into the Union, they formed a republican constitution, and to make their admission more certain they inserted into it the Wilmot Proviso. Until she is admitted by Congress, her constitution is invalid. If Con gress admits her, whose Proviso is it ? That of the Cali fornians, or that of Congress ? This depends upon the ques tion whether the Californians were a people possessing the capacity to erect a government for their own preservation and protection. The adoption by the inhabitants of a constitu tion is the most solemn form of declaring their intention to remain there as permanent citizens, and I know of no prin ciple which would require of Congress to look behind this declaration to ascertain whether it was their real purpose to be permanent citizens or merely temporary sojourners in the country. In this respect I think we are bound to regard them as a people. But what right and powers as a people could they exercise ? They were entitled to the protection of such government as Congress could give them. But Con gress would give them none. What then was to be done ? They were entitled to some rule of government, and upon the eternal principle of self-government they had an inherent right to erect for themselves just such a system of govern ment as their necessity demanded, but not such a govern ment as would assume exclusive jurisdiction over the soil, or as would interfere with the rights of property vested in the people of the States, to all of whom the soil belonged. They could not prohibit others from coming to the territory with their property nor interfere with its enjoyment when there. They could exercise no powers inconsistent with those which Congress could exercise, and therefore they could neither ex clude slave-owning emigrants nor abolish the relation of master and slave. But they could erect a government to protect their own persons and their own property, and to this extent and with these qualifications deny to them the rights of self-government, would be to deny the fundamental principle of freedom. When they agree upon a constitution, and seek admission into the Union, Congress can admit them or not, and if they are .admitted they come in with their own constitution, and if that constitution contains the Wilmot Proviso, it is their own Proviso, and not the Proviso of Con gress. I conclude, therefore, that the reasoning of the ad dress is unsatisfactory and its conclusions untenable.” “ T f J *“ **■ hv the fact that the address expresses a willingness to acquiesce in the admission ot Cali fornia if ner southern boundary is limited to the parallel of 36 deg. 30 min. If it be unconstitutional to admit the whole of California because the framers of the constitution are not a people, I am unable to see how it becomes constitutional to admit only a portion qf California. If the adoption by Con gress of the California constitution with the Wihnot Proviso be the enforcement of the Wilmot Proviso by Congress, I cannot understand why the admission down to 36, 30, with a constitution containing the Wihnot Proviso is not equally an enforcement bv Congress of the Wilmot Proviso. If lain told that it is only as a compromise that it is proposed to ad mit California with the Missouri line as a boundary, I answer that this is piling up constitutional concessions in a way to make the impression that we use our constitutional position with exceeding looseness. We claim a constitutional right to much more of the territory than that south of 36 30—we propose to surrender a large portion of that right. We assert that Congress has no constitutional right to exclude slaverv in any territory—we propose to surrender that in the territory north of 36, 30. We assert that Congress has constitutional right to admit California because her inhabitants are not a people, and we propose to surrender that! I cannot ac quiesce in an argument which in my view weakens rather than strengthens our cause. The objections to the admission of California are so abundant and so overwhelming, on the score of expediency, that Congress should be justified in any means short of absolute faction in excluding her. But when all these impregnable grounds are overlooked, and her ex clusion is attempted to be justified on constitutional grouuds which cannot be clearly sustained, I am bound to dissent from the argument. With these views, I voted in committee on the substitute afterwards offered in conveution by Mr. Mcßea, of Miss.” On the subject of the reasoning of the Address on the Clay Compromise Hill, Mr. Nicholson expresses his views in tho following lucid manner : “It will be observed that although the author of the ad • dress undertakes a discussion of the matters embraced in the compromise report, yet he has strangely omitted any allusion to that portion of the compromise which provides territorial governments of New Mexico and Utah, upon the principle of non-intervention as to slavery. If the argument was intend ed to be full and lair why was this important matter entirely overlooked ? The South has been contending strenuously for years for the doctrine of non-intervention as the only con stitutional doctrine. Upon this point the great battle has been wagiug between the North and the South, and its vio lence lias been such as to shake the very foundations of the government. But when a measure is brought forward con taining an express recognition of the non-intervention prin ciple, an address from a Southern Convention proposing to discuss it, makes no mention of the important concession ! If the author of the address had directed his attention to this feature of the compromise bill, he would have discovered the true reason why the abolitionists are opposed to It. This omission, in my view, stamps the argument as incomplete and one-sided.” 44 1 have stated that in my judgment it was bad policy to introduce into the convention, any discussion as to the merits of plans of compromise pending in Congress. Having been overruled in this opinion by the determination of the commit tee to recommend the acceptance of the Missouri Compromise line, I then insisted that w r e should also express our willing ness to acquiesce in the plan of adjustment proposed by the Committee of Thirteen with such modifications as might be satisfactory to our Southern friends in Congress. I made this proposition because I did not desire this convention to have the appearance of making war upon a measure which was brought forward and sustained by as true friends as the South can boast •, and because I could not see so wide a difference betwixt the two plans of adjustment as to justify us in recom mending the one and rudely rejecting the other. To this last point I deem it proper now to address a few words. What is the real difference between the two plans of adjustment? The answer to this question brings us to the consideration of a practical subject. ’ 1. As to the Texas disputed territory; in the view of the compact between the United States and Texas taken by the address, the result as to the slaver}’ question will be the same under both plans. But to avoid any doubt on this point, I have so suggested that the.bill should be so amended as to recognize the continuance of the Missouri Compromise line, this being done the two plans wjl! be identically the same in their ope ration r 2. As to Utah and New Mexico—the Missouri Compro mise will divide the territory, making all north of 36 deg. 30 min. free soil, and all south of that line either free soil or slave territory as the inhabitants choose—in other words, it is congressional intervention on one side of the line and con gressional non-intervention on the other side. By the plan proposed by the Committee of Thirteen, the whole of Utah and New Mexico are to be open to become free soil ot slave territory as the inhabitants may decide when they seek ad mission into the Union—in other words, it is non-intervention in the whole territory. The first plan applies the Wilmot proviso north 36 deg. 30 min.; the other excludes the Wilmot proviso from the whole territory. If it be said that the Mexi can laws will exclude slavery from the territory, the answer is, that under either plan the Mexican laws will be the samo, and under either the question of their existence must be de termined by the Supreme Court. 3. As to the admission of California—by the Missonrl compromise all of California north of 36,30 will be admitted as a State with her present constitution, and all south of that line will be erected into a territorial government without any prohibition as to slavery. By the other plan, California, with her present boundaries and constitution will be admitted. As to the surrender of all objections toiler admission whether based on constitutional grounds or mere grounds of exped iency the two plans are the same. The only substantial difference is that one plan makes one free State of the terri tory north of 36 30, and leave the territory south of the line under a territorial government, whilst the other makes one free State of the whole territory. Looking at the subject in a practical point of view, what difference does it make to the south whether the whole territory’ is admitted as one free State or a part admitted as a free State and the residue left for future admission as a State. If we could now know that the residue would soon be admitted as a free State, the south would be benefitted by admitting the whole at once as one State, because this course would add but one free State, whereas the other would add two. It must be borne in mind that the harbor of San Francisco and the gold mines are north of 36, 30, and would be embraced in the State admitted under the Missouri line. It is a controverted fact whether there is any considerable quantity of gold south of that Lae, and it is well known tliat there are no harbors comparing in importance with that of San Francisco. What then are the probabilities as to the introduction of slavery, south of the line of 36, 30. I think the prevailing sentiment is that whilst slavery might be introduced north of the line on ac count of its value in mining operations, that south of the line it will not prevail. What then Would be gained by the Missouri line applied to California ? Unless my information is incorrect the north will get two free States instead of one 1 What then is the difference between the two compromises —as to the Texas dispute they arc the same; as to New Mexico and Utah the plan of the committee of thirteen secures the non-interventiou by Congress, and on that ac count is preferable to the other plan ; and as to the admissien of California it is a matter of doubt which plan is the better one for the south. With such views of the two plans I was unwilling to recommend one and denounco the other.'’ A just Rebuke. The Editor of the Athens Banner, perhaps the a blent De mocratic paper in Georgia, touches some of his cotemporaries on the rate after the following manner : “Gen. Cans and his friends deserve the gratitude and ad miration of every Southern man for the noble manner m which they have fought down the Wilmot Proviso. Tins was all that was required of them by our democratic brethren of the Times, Constitutionalist. Federal Union, Ac. Yet they must now impose anew and before unheard of test upon their northern brethren—that they must “recognize” slavery in the public domain—that they must lay thrir hands upon it and say that it is legally established there by the constitution. This is yielding the power of Congress over the subject of slavery in the territories. For if Congress can say that it doe# exist thereby virtue of the constitution, it possesses the correlative right of declaring that it does not exist there by the instrument. This is as plain as the nose on a man's face. And yet men in pursuit of a favorite measure will re nounce all reason and consistency, and lak right after it! Free Barbecue at Starkville on 204 U July. At a meeting of the citizens es Lee on the 16th nit., Jesse M. Davis was appointed Chairman, and W. A. Hawkins, Secretary. The object of the meeting being explained, on mo tion of M. Perry, a committee of eighteen were appointed i to extend suitable invitations to the people, to meet at Stark- J villeon the 26th July, to deliberate upon the great questions | which now distract our beloved country ; which committee, reported the following: The undersigned committee are authorised to invite the cit izens generally, to meet at Starkville cn the £6th inst. to par take of a Barbecue, and to unite with ns in deliberating upon ruch measures as w ill tend to secure our rights, and the sta bility and harmony’ of the Union. \\ c believe that the pro pie of Georgia are prepared to advocate and adopt any just, fair, equitable aad constitutional adjustment of the questions now agitating and distracting the country. We believe, fur ther, that the adjustment reported in the Senate by the Com mittee ot Thirteen, and. advocated by leading and patriotic Senators, North and South, of both parties, is the best plan of adjustment now having any prospect of passing, and that its adoption and passage, will give peace and quiet to the whole country. We cannot, in any wise, entertain the opinion that the peo ple of Georgia, will insist upon and demand, that Congress shall legislate upon the subject of slavery iu the Territories, when such a power has been so ofleuptnd so decidedly reject ed and determined. Nor can we concur in the opinion, that unless Congress shall pass the Missouri Compromise, with the addition of a positive recognition of slavery south of that line, that in that event the Government should he broken up and the Union dissolved. . We fed confident that there is in the Congress of the Uni ted States, full as much wisdom and patriotism as were in tho Nashville Convention, and that Congress alor.r, is the body to whom, under the constitution, is referred and delegated tho power to settle and adjust the pending queslions. We do not feel willing or prepared for revolution, nor shall we until every known expedient of an honorable adjustment shall have fail ed; nor to rupture this Union until we shall have been con vinced that such revolution will be a redress for our wrongs, and that such rupture shall be followed by the substitution and establishment of a better government. The Ladies are earnestly invited to attend, for, “their pres ence gives power.” Samuel D. Irwin, Chairman. Jesse M. Davis, Rennet Foster, Win. Battle. Alford Kersey, Wm. Henderson, R. S. Williams, Philip W cst, John Whitsett, P. Law born, Janies Cony, James Green, Williams King, Benjamin F. Lock, ) Dissenting tonne item in the invi- Willis A Hawkins. \ tation. The report of the Committee being read by W. A. Haw kins, and the object of the contemplated meeting explained in a few remarks, E. R. Brown, of Sumter, was called upon to address the meeting, who responded with zeal and ability, taking bold grounds for the Clay Compromise; other speech es were delivered. Upon motion of Mr. Perry tho report of the . Committee was adopted. • , On motion, it was Resolved , That a copy of these proceedings bo sent to tho Macon Journal <J- Messenger, the Georgia Citizen , and tho Albany Patriot. Whereupon, on motion, the meeting adjourned. JESSE M. DAVIS, Chairman. Willis A. Hawkins, Secretary. Remarkable Phenomenon. We are indebted to Mr John Spalding, of this place, for the following interesting part iculars of a singular phenomenon that took place at Two Heart river, about seventy miles above this place, on tho southern shore of Lake Superior. About 11 o'clock in the day, of the 18th ultimo, Mr. Spalding’s attention was attract ed to a slight agitation of the water near the shore, and very soon he saw, with surprise, the land suddenly rising out of tho water a few rods from the shore, and within a stone's throw of himself. The beach opposite was also raised up at the same time to the height of some twelve feet. The new island is round, and about one hundred and fifty feet in circumference, and is raised above the water six feet* and the rise on the beach, which is wide at this place, is el #• bout the same size, and looks like a hillock of sand. Th new island was at first covered with sand and pebbles, liko