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JHatrafiulints, &r. From the Alabama Journal. Constriction of Plank Hoads. The popular subject of making Plank Roads is very well and minutely described by the Hon. ‘J. E. Clarke, Member of Congress from the Western part of New York, who has sev eral miles of it passing through his farms, near Sackett's Har bor. In the belief that such practical information will be ac ceptable at this time, to many of our readers, we transfer it to our columns. As is well said by J. S. Skinner, Esq., the editor of the Plough, the Loom and the Anvil, to whom the letter is ad dressed, transportation is the first expense to be paid by the farmer. That must be met, be it much or little,and must be deducted from the rent or profits ; hence, whatever quickens And cheapens transportation, adds to the value of the land. WASHINGTON, May 25, ISSO. J. S. Skinner, Esq.— Dear Sir : In reply to yours of the ■Bth inst., I have to say that I have seen Plank Roads con structed, and have rode on them, and am interested in two of considerable extent. There are three of these roads that touch on my farm, and pass on it over two miles. They are the best roads imagina ble—better by far than tho best paved or “ McAdatnized” road—pleasanter for the person riding—easier for the ani mals, and far less destructive to the cairiages that roll upon them. In the State of New “i ork they have adopted, by common consent, a grade of not over one foot in sixteen, and this is rigidly adhered to. A good span of horses will draw on a road of that grade, an hundred bushels of wheat thirty miles in a day with ease; a smart span of horses will draw forty hundred forty miles a day. I mean horses of good breed, action, bone, muscle, Ac., horses that will weigh, when in good working order, nine hundred each. The average motion of the stage on these roads is eight ■ miles an hour. Avery little snow—six inches—is enough to make capital sleighing, and you can drive in the night as well as the day, for the horses will instinctively keep the road. The roads are usually eighteen feet wide, and the centre of it only is covered with plank eight feet long. In a very sandy soil there is no need of a raised road, as the porous nature of the Boil absorbs the water without the aid of any drain. In other soils the road is formed like a turnpike, with suit able well formed drains or ditches on each side, giving the best chance for the water to run off. The intention is to have no water standing on the road, or by its sides. Your road being thus formed, the first process is the laying the “ stringers .” These should be of two inch plank, and not less than one foot wide, and on every aecount, are tar prefer able to square scantling. They should be so embedded in the road, that the soil or material of the road should be plump up to and even with their upper surface; and at such a distance apart, say four feet from centre to centre, so that the wheels of the carriage, with the ordinary length of axle, will travel over the centre of the stringers. These stringers are both to be of tho same grade, and the same level. The stringers being laid, for a short distance ahead, the planks are laid on them. To do this with accuracy, two par allel lines are stretched on the outside of the stringers, eight feet and about six inches apart. The first plank that ia laid will, of course, touch the line on one side, while its other end will not quite touch the opposite line. The second plank will touch the line on the opposite side, and leave a space between it and the line which had been touched by the preceding plank : and so on alternately, so_that there will be a jag on each side for the outside wheel to catch on, and recover its placo on the road, when by any means it has got off, both wheels resting again on the plank instead of cutting a rut in the earth at the end of them. When the plank is laid, the stringers must have no earth or other matter or material on their surlace ; and each plank must be settled with a “ commander,” or large wooden mal let, until it rests flat and plump on the stringers, and solid on the ground from end to end, no space being left for air be neath them. Each plank should be laid close to the preceding one, and driven up to it with the commander. No pinning is necessary. When the road is thus well laid, it is very difficult to raise a plank. It can hardly be done, except with a lever. The plauk being laid, the next business is to embank a little more earth on the sides of the road, so as to raise the road on each side at least three or four inches above the surface of the plank. It will soon pack so as to be on a level, and should not be permitted to be, when packed, lower than the surface of the plank—thus the planks are kept from moving endwise, and it is easy to get the wheel of the wagon on to the plank, when it gets off, when one carriage is passing another, or otherwise. When there is no heavy grading, and not an unusual amount of bridging, and where plank can be delivered on the road for five dollars a thousand, one thousand dollars will pay for one mile of plank road. There is some inconvenience and some additional expense in cutting the plank only eight feet long, that length is not suited to the sled on which the plank is brought in winter from the woods to the mill, and it requires a greater number of logs to be loaded, and sawed, and a greater number of plank to be handled. This inconvenience may be obviated by cutting the logs of any convenient length; say twelve feet, and laying the plank diagonally across the sleepers. It is needless to add, that when thus laid, the sluice ways are cov ered without the aid of cross pieces. This mode of laying the plank diagonally has not found much favor, but it is thought that planks thus laid will wear longer than if at right angles with the stringers, and that the wheels roll easier on a plank lengthwise, or partially so. But if this mode is adopted, it is desirable that there should be at intervals of half a mile a change in the direction of the plank. Unless there is this change in thv direction of the plank, the wheels of the carriage will crowd and grind on the eame shoulder of the axle and the same finch pin all the time. It is a proper precaution to have “ washers” against both the shoulder of the axle and the linch always covered with some anti-friction composition ; otherwise in fast driving the hub end the wheel will heat. There is in most axles what is called the “ gather,” that is an inclination whhfi induces the wheel to run on rather than off the axle; there is no incon- Tcnior.cc in this on common roads, for its eflect is continually counteracted by the inequality of the road. On the plauk road, where the planks are laid at right angles with the stringers, the tendency of the wheel that lias a “ gather in its axle, is continually to crowd the shoulder. There is no use in this gather anywhere, and it is particularly injurious on plank roads. There is much saving in sawing the logs through and through, and then edging the planks ; and there is no need that the plank should have square and full cor ners on each side ; it is enough if on the other side of the plank both bottom edges are straight, for an inch of its width from end to end. The “ wane on the upper side will im mediately fill with dirt; but it is well not to place two waney planks together, and always lay tho waney side of tho plane up. Waney is a word in common use, as distinguished from straight. As to the durability of these plank roads, the estimate is, that they will require to be covered once in seven or eight years, unless there is so much travel as to wear out the plank sooner, which is an event devoutly to be wished; but the stringers being continually moist and nearly excluded from the air, will out-last three coverings. I have no doubt, that in the free use of pulverized charcoal, and some other antiseptic material to embed the plank in, the means will be devised of saving the plank from rotting, and I have no doubt that a thin coat of hot pitch, on the top of the planks, with gravel sifted on, would in a great degree prevent the planks from wearing out. In common roads, where lumber is plenty, the plank road is the greatest improvement that has yet been made; and we, who have spent most of our days where, in the spring and fall, tho roads were nearly impassable, and in the .summer time none too good, are impatient when we reflect liow much need }• toil and expense we have undergone, and how much we have suffered, by being jolted over corduroy roads. I have no doubt that a plank road from Albany to Sackett’s Harbor would havo saved the government, during the war of 1812, ten millions of dollars. The toll house should extend across the road, that when the trav oiler stops to pay toll, he should be under the shelter of the r<x>f, and it is desirable that it should be a comfortable dwelling, with cellar and cistern, and well and garden, and then the plank road company will be more likely to obtain the services of a civil respectable and honest family to tend their gate. The gate should “ siring ,” —accidents are apt to occur if the gate is made to rise. I have thus, I believe, given an answer, perhaps too tedious and minute, to your inquiries. I remain, with great respect, your obedient servant, CHARLES E. CLARKE. Gold and Silver Glass. —A new method of manufacturing ornamental glass lias lately been dis covered, which presents the brilliant appearance of highly polished gold and silver. This mode of “sil vering’’ is anew invention, which is now being car ried on by a company in London. The various arti cles are blown of two separate thicknesses of glass throughout, and the silver is deposited upon the two interior surfaces of the double hollow glass vessel. The silver is deposited from a solution of that met al by the reducing agency of saccharine solutions ; in short, the process is entirely a chemical one. The double hollow vessels are hermetically sealed, and thus the silver deposit is protected from wear and from atmospheric influences. The brilliant silver deposit being seen through the colored glass, commu nicates to that substance, in a curious illusive man ner, the appearance of being entirely formed of gold or silver itself. When the glass is cut, the brilliancy of the silver is heightened ; and, on the other hand, when the glass is ground, the eflect of frosted silver is produced. By staining and the employment of variously colored glasses, the effect is modified in a variety of ways; thus, with certain yellow glasses, the effect of gold is produced ; with deep green and ruby glass, colored metalic luster, equal in eflect to the plumage of birds, is obtained. As every form into which glass can be blown is silvered with facility, the ex tent to which this beautiful invention can bo carri ed is perfectly unlimited. The new process extends to flower vases, chimney ornaments, and, in fact, every article usually made of glass. For ornaments, it presents all the lustrous brilliancy of highly pol ished gold and silver, at a great’reduction in cost; and for imitation jewelry and illuminations, it will far surpass any thing known. In fact, the invention is at present quite in its infancy, and promises soon to till the houses of the middle classes, usually des titute of brilliant ornaments, with cheap articles, presenting all the striking appearances of costly plate, Ac. The “Ladies Newspaper” lately gave several engravings of vases, Ac., made on this new principle. - New Inventions and Discoveries in Photo graphy and the Talbotype. —Sir D. Brewster, in his inaugural address, the other day, to the British Association at Edinburgh, said, I need not inform this meeting that the art of taking photographic negative pictures upon paper was the invention of Mr. Fox Talbot, a distinguished member of this as sociation. The superiority of the Talbotype to the Daguerreotype is well known. In the latter the pic tures are reverted, and incapable of being multiplied, while in the Talbotype there is no reversion, and a single negative will supply a thousand copies, so that books may now be illustrated with pictures drawn by the sun. The difficulty of procuring good paper for the negative is so great, that a better material has been eagerly sought for; and M. Niepce, an ac complished officer in the French service, lias suc cessfully substituted for paper a film of albumen, or the white of an egg, spread upon glass. This new process has Lren ‘'brought to‘ such perfection that these Talbotypes were universally regarded as the finest that had yet been executed. Another pro cess, in which gelatine is substituted for albumen, has been invented, and successfully practised. Mr. Edmundßecquerel has succeeded in transferring to a Daguerreotype plate the prismatic spectrum, with all its brilliant color; and also, though in an inferi or degree, the colors of the landscape. —These col ors, are very fugacious; yet, though no method of fixing them has yet been discovered, we cannot doubt that the difficulty will be surmounted, and that we shall yet behold all the colors of the natural world transferred by their own rays to surfa ces both of silver and paper. But the most im portant fact in photography is the singular accelera tion of the process discovered by M. Niepce, which enables him to take the picture of a landscape illu mination by diffused light, in a single second, or at most in forty seconds. By this process he obtained a picture of the sun on albumen so instantaneously, as to confirm the remarkable discovery previously made by Mr. Arago, by means of a silver plate, that the rays which proceed from the central parts of the sun’s disc have a higher photogenic action than those which issue from its margin. Valuable Invention.— The valuable Telegraphic invention for which a patent was granted last week to Messrs C. Westbrook and 11. J. Rodgers, of Bal timore, is thus described in the words of the appli cants / “What we claim, and desire to have secured to us by letters patent, is—recording telegraphic signs on the surface of a revolving metalic cylinder, plate, or other equivalent surface, by means of an acidulated liquid, or saline solution, or water, held between the point of the wire conductor and the metalic surface, by means of a non-conducting porous sub stance, contained in a glass, or other non-conducting reservoir, in which the recording fluid is contained, to which the electric current from a battery is ap plied by means of any of the known forms of man ipulators and anvils used for making and breaking the circuit; the recording fluid being applied to the metalic recording surface, substantially in the man ner herein fully set forth, by which the use of every description of paper is dispensed with, thereby sa ving great expense in telegraphing.” This beautiful simple invention, which is uow in successful operation on the several lines of the Amer ican Telegraphic Company, promises to supercede the old systems of telegraphing in use. It dispenses with the use of paper, and will not cost one cent per day for the recording fluid.— Balt. Amer. A new Alarm V iiistle, invented by a Mr. Da boll, of Connecticut, was exhibited last week in New \ork. It is intended for ships to give an a larm during a fog or other exigencies at sea, and the sound is produced by the condensation of air by means of an air pump, the air escaping by the o pening of a valve through a whistle, and making a most horrible shrill noise, that might be heard at least for the distance of a mile. By removing the whistle, and placing a horn upon the instrument, the sound is changed to that of the horn, and is much louder. The pump is worked by turning a wheel with the hand, and the leverage being sixty pounds to the square inch, the pump can be charged in halt a minute. The inventor stated that it pro duced an echo at a distance of fifteen miles on Long Island shore, which the steam-whistle failed to do. x f cue for the Diarrhoea.—A Boston paper fur nishes the following recipe for this complaint, which may be of valuable service to our readers: 1 ine Salt, 1 table spoonfui, dissolved in 3 table spoonsfuls of Vinegar—drink the liquid. Doctor James Thacher, in his Dispensary on Ma teria Medica, 2nd Ed. 1813, p. 120, under the head of Acetous Acid, Vinegar, says: “When fully satu rated (vinegar) with Muriate of soda, (common salt.) it has been resorted to as a valuable remedy YES gIJISEHs in dysentery and angina maligna (severe pains) ; one table spoonful of this mixture, with two of hot wa ter, gradually swallowed and frequently repeated, will seldom fail to induce diaphoresis, (sweating,) and procure essential relief from the most distres sing symptoms attending these dangerous diseases. ‘tT’lje lumorluTjirr. Hints to Housewives, Damascus Biscuits. —Take the whites of three eggs beaten to a froth, a quarter of a pound of good beef suet chopped very line, and half an ounce of bitter almonds blanched, chopped fine, and beaten well with the froth of the eggs. Then take the yolks of the eggs, and mix with six ounces of sifted loaf sugar; beat well, pour into the mixture of al monds and whites of egg ; mix well, and shake in two ounces of flour, with sufficient lemon to flavor them. Pour into small tins, or moulded papers, and bake in a quick oven. Derbyshire Bread. —Rub four ounces of butter into four pounds of flour, add four eggs well beaten, a pint of milk, and a table-spoonful of yeast. Mix them into a paste, make into rolls, and let them stand half an hour before the fire to rise; then put them into the oven to bake. Dip them in milk the next day, and let them stand before the lire in a Dutch oven for about twenty minutes. Vanilla Cream. —Boil half a stick of vanilla in a quarter of a pint of new milk until highly flavored, and sweeten with sugar. Dissolve an ounce of is inglass in a pint of water, mix with the vanilla milk, and add a pint or rather more of good thick cream ; stir until nearly cold, and pour into a mould previ ously dipped in cold water. Errors in Cooking. —Dr. Drake of Cincinnati, in a late treatise on the principal diseases of the inte rior valley of North America, gives the following enumeration of the vicious modes of cooking which prevail in the valley: — 1. With the mass of our population, bread of ev ery kind is apt to be baked too soon after the flour or meal has been wetted—that is, before there has been sufficient maceration. But what is still worse, it is scarcely ever baked enough. 2. Biscuits, as they are called, are baked in close ovens, by which process the fat they contain is ren dered empyreuinatic and indigestible. 3. When the dough for leavened bread, by ex cess of panary fermentation, lias been charged with acetic acid, that product is not in general neutraliz ed by the carbonate of potash or soda, but the bread is eaten sour. 4. A pastry, instead of beiug flaky and tender, is often tough and hard, sometimes almost horny. 5. Meats are often baked and fried, instead of be ing roasted or broiled, whereby they become impreg nated with empyreuinatic oil, and not uufrequently charred on the outside. In general, they are over cooked. G. Fresh Meat, and especially poultry, are com monly cooked too soon after death. V. Soup is often prepared from parts deficient in gelatine, and abounding in fat, which swims upon the surface, and is much more indigestible than the would have been, if eaten in the solid form. 8. Eggs are generally boiled so hard as to render them tough, and many are often fried in fat, to a still greater degree of induration. Fried bacon and eggs eaten with hot unleavened biscuit, containing lard, and then buttered, is a favorite breakfast in many parts of the valley. 9. Vegetables, abounding in foecula, such as pota toes, rice and pulse, are often boiled so little, that all the starch grains are not burst open; while those containing albumen, as cabbage, are boiled until that element is firmly coagulated and deposited in the constructure of the leaf. Milk of Roses. —Take sweet almonds, five oun ces ; bitter almonds, one ounce ; rose-water, two pints and a half; white curd soap, half an ounce; oil of almonds, half an ounce, spermaceti, two oun ces; white wax, half an ounce; English oil of lav ender, twenty drops ; otto of roses, twenty drops; rectified spirit, a pint. Blanch the almonds, and beat them with the soap and a little of the rose-wa ter. Melt together the oil of almonds, spermaceti, and white wax, and mix with the former into a cream, and strain it through line muslin. Then add gradually the remaining rose-water, and, lastly, the spirit, with the essential oils dissolved therein. This is an excellent wash for cooling the skin of the face and neck ; some say it will remove freckles and “sunburns.” A common kind of milk of roses is sold in inferior shops, made by mixing one ounce of fine olive oil with ten drops of oil of tartar and a pint of rose-water. To Use Cold Pudding. —ls you have a large piece of boiled pudding left after dinner, (such as plum pudding, Indian pudding, or batter pudding,) and you wish to cook it next day, tie it up in a cloth and put it into a pot of boiling water, and keep it boiling hard for half an hour or more. It will be found as good as on the first day, and perhaps rath er better; and it will be far more palatable, as well as more wholesome than if sliced, and fried, or broil ed. Eat it with the same sauce as on the preceding day. To Keep Eggs.— Break some glue into pieces, and boil it into sufficient water to make a thin solu tion. While warm, dip a brush into it, and go care fully over every egg. They must all be quite fresh. When the eggs are thoroughly glazed with the glue, spread them out to dry. When quite dry, pack them in kegs or boxes, with dry wood-ashes or saw dust, (of which there must be a plentiful portion,) putting a thick layer of the ashes or saw-dust at the bottom and top of the keg. This is an excellent way of keeping eggs for sea-voyages, and is well worth the trouble. Before using them, soak them in warm water to get off the coating of glue. Eggs of parrots and other tropical birds preserv ed in this manner, and the glue coating soaked off in cold water, it is said have afterwards been hatch ed in the usual way; and the young birds have liv ed. (Tljr Hkmorist. The Bird that always Wins. Under the caption of “ Latest from Cuba the St. Louis Reveille gives the following from the “Travelling Memoranda” of J. M. Weston, Esq.— It is worth reading in a double sense : It is well known that the Spaniards are greatly addicted to cock-fighting—in short, them of their cock-pit, and their “ Plaza del Tours,” (bull ring,) and they would be much more likely to revolt than at any oppression of the government.— While 1 was in Trinidad de Cuba, in April last, I was told of a very ludicrous scene that occurred in the cock-pit in that city. It should be understood that cock-fighting is a very popular and fashionable amusement, and that gambling on the result of a fight is carried to an extraordinary height. Their birds are very small, and being deprived of all their feathers, except those on the wings, and two or three straight ones in the tail, they present a very diminu tive and naked appearance. They never are allow ed to fight with “gaffs,” but use their natural spurs, which are sharpened to a nicety, and they fight with a coolness and care that indicate how carefully they have been trained. An American captain of a vessel, that had been looking at a tight that had been prolonged, at length burst out with — “Get out with such birds as them; they ain’t big ger than a tom-tit, and ain’t worth a curse anyhow! Them are some poor miserable Cuba cocks, I reck on ! I,ve got on board of my ship a genuine Yan kee bird, that’ll lick any three or four of your miser able cocks before you could say brans —and I’ll bet high on it, too!” A bet of fifty “ounces” ($850) was instantly offer ed ou the captain’s proposition, who, notwithstand ing the remonstrances of his friends, put up the mon ey, and said he “would be ‘/Aar’ sure, and give all such small-fry cocks at hand, particular thunder! — Now, be it understood, the captain had an old “(/rcy eagle ’’ on board his ship, and his first order was not to give it anything to eat for the next twenty-four hours. He also stripped the eagle of all its plumage save the wings and two or three tail feathers, causing The old fellow to feel decidedly ashamed of himself, the day of trial arrived; the cock-pit was crowded to see the great trial of one bird against three. The captain arrived in time, with his bird under his arm. “ Who pits your cock, captain ?” was asked. “ Who ! well, I rather think I’ll attend to that bu siness,” said he, and stepped over into the ring. The old eagle seemed ashamed of the company he was in, and did not look very courageous ; and as they examined the “Yankee cock,” many were the winks, side glances and nods exchanged among the Span iards, for,excepting only his size there was not any thing very encouraging in the old eagle’s appear ance. lie was wretchedly poor, and they also dis covered that he had no spurs !” “ Not the first spur , ” said he; but he’s worse thau a wild-cat, when lie scratches or bites; so go ahead!” Three noble-looking game-chickens were now brought in and the betting commenced. Every thing offered by the Captain or his friends was eager ly taken up by the Dons. The Captain, it was ob served took all bets that he could, and when quiet was restored, he gently patted the old eagle 5 and, as he put it into the ring, where the game cocks were strutting and crowing, lie said : “ Now, go it, old fellow, for the honor of your country ! Give ’em blazes.’’ The eagle stood still in the centre of the ring, cocked its head one side, and seemed to be eyeing the little game fellows that were advancing towards him ; but lie stirred not. At length the chickens made a dash at him, and doubt less gave him a sharp blow ; for, with a kind of wild scream, the old bird started, took one glance at the chicken, pounced upbn it, and, with its claws and hooked bill, tore it all to ‘pieces ; and, to the horror and astonishment of the Spaniards, began to eat it! The second cock shared the fate of the first, and so would the third, had it not been withdrawn by the enraged and mortified Spaniard, who had already lost two valuable birds by a very summary process. As soon as the Captain was declared winner, he snatched up his bird, collected his bets, and strode towards the door, where he turned, and addressed the bewildered crowd : “ Look here, Dons,” said be, “it’smy opinion that the next time you fight a Yankee cock, you’ll know that he’s a bird that always licks /’’ and, slapping his well-tilled pockets, the Captain and his frieuds withdrew, leaving the Cuba cock-fighters in a pleas ing state of wonderment. There is a retail grocer, somewhere, who splits crackers for customers who buy only half of one at a time. He sells carpet tacks, also, by the cent’s worth, and weighs them with the utmost exactness. When the tacks are a little heavier than is required to turn the scale, he divides one of them by biting off the head. “The Doctor.” —A doctor in Ohio, writes to his father as follows :—“Dear daddy, 1 eonclewded Ide cum down and git grinded into a doctur. 1 hard ly Wont think i was in more than 3 ours, afore out I Rail as slick a wun as ever was seen. ** ’ Ilale Columby happy land, If laint a Doktur, I'll be bang’d. I pukes, I purges, and I swets eru, Then if tha di, wi-tlien I lets e:n. 1 gets plente of cuslum, because they says they dize eezy. When you rite, dont forgit to put doc tur afore inv name.” “An Askf.r.” —A lady in England was recently visited by a female servant who had been married, and seeing that she presented an appearance of hav ing very much bettered her circumstances, she en quired the nature of her husband’s profession. To this interrogatory the young woman replied, “lie’s anasker, ma’am.” “An asker!’’ inquired the good lady with amazement, “and what in the world is that?” “O, ma’am he stands on the streets and asks.” “Why, you don’t mean to say you have married a beggar, do you ? ” “Yes, ma’am, but it’s a very good business. My husband thinks it very hard work indeed if he don’t briug home more than five shillings a day.” X3T ruddy, attending a “Broad-brim’’ conven tion for the first time, was much astonished and puzzled withal at the manner of worship. Having been told that the “brethren never spake but when they were moved by the Spirit,” he watched their proceedings with increasing disgust for their “hay then way of worship,” till one young Quaker rose and commenced solemnly: “Brethren, I have married ” “The divil ye hev,” interrupted Pat. Quaker sat down in confusion, but the spirit moving Pat no further, the young man mustered courage and broke ground again : “Brethren, I have married a daughter of the Lord ” “The divil ye hev that! ’’ said Pat, “but it’ll be a long, long while before iver ve’ll see your father in- law.” However anomalous it may seem, w'e assert that idle persons are always busy in manufacturing trouble for themselves, or for others. Jt.-sT Pleasure may be called the short cut to the tomb, as it shortens time, which is the way. ggT There is a mode of presenting that gives val ue to anything. jfcgr Trust him who praises all; him less who centures all ; and him least who is indifferent about all. Riches got by deceit cheat no man so much as the getter. dffi” Respect is to the person beloved, what the chasing is to the gem ; it shows the value set upon it. Bead men open the eyes of the living. A divided family can no more stand than a divided commonwealth. Idleness is the sepulchre of a lying man. Education begins a gentleman, conversation completes him. No man has a right to do as he pleases, ex cept when lie pleases to do right. A hypocrite pays tribute to God, that he may impose upon men. Let a man do his best and the world may do its worst. The useful and the beautiful are never far asunder. Ugf Fame’s loudest blast upon the ear of Time leaves but a dying echo. Mystery is useful only for the purpose of con cealing ignorance. He who scoffs at the crooked, had need go ve ry upright himself. Joo** Ridicule is a weak weapon when levelled at a strong mind. UT Society, like shaded silk, must be viewed in all situations, or its colors will deceive us. MILITARY INSTITUTE. Blue Licks , Ky. BOARD oFT'ISITORS. The ADJUTANT together with five fit persons, to be annually appointed by the Executive, to attend examinations at least once a year, according to law. VACfffcWT. Incorporated with all the powers, and rights exercised by the Trus tees and Faculty of any other College. COL. T. F. JOHNSON, General Superintendent. •COL. E. W. MORGAN, Joint Superintendent and Professor of en gineering and of .Vatvrat History. •LIEUT. COL. 15. U. JOHNSON, Professor of Xatural and Experi mental Philosophy. +MAJ. W. W. A. FORBES, Profess sor of Mathematics. RICHARD N. NEWELL, A. M. Professor of Ancient and Moder Languages, JAMES G. BLANE, A. B. Adjunct Professor of Languages. REV. J. R. SWIFT, A. M. Professor of F.thies and Belles Lettrcs. JAMES H. DAVIESS, Esq. Professor of I*ie. REV. 11. V. D. NEVIUS, A. M. Principal of the Academy. CAPT. C. E. MOTT, Teacher in the Academy. CAPT. W. W. GAUNT, Adjutant of the Institute. •Educated at West Point. fEducated at the Virginia Military Institute. Two hundred and thirty Cadets, from fifteen different States, have entered this Institution since it was organized, in 1817. It i entire ly free from the control or domination of any sect or party, either po litical or religious. Economy in dress, by the adoption of a cheap Uniform, for Winter and Summer, is rigidly enforced. Every studetn is required to select a College guardian, with whom all funds brought or received must lie deposited, and no debt must be contracted without the consent of such guardian. An Institution combining the science of the West Point Academy and of Polytechnic Institutes, with the classical literature of our best Colleges, adding the modern languages, and superadding practical schools of Law and Engineering, nearly realizes the long-felt desider ation of a university able to meet the wants of Western progress—a university where all may select a course of steady to suit their time, means ond professional destination. Mr. Daviess, the Professor of Law, is known is the various Courts as a practitioner of great ability, varied learning, long experi ence and exalted character. Ilis eminent qualifications, the whole some exercise and discipline of the Institute, and the convenient ob servation of the forms of judicial proceeding, offer unusual induce ments to those who are earnest to achieve distinction as sound Lawyer CIVIL ENGINEERING Will be thoroughly and practically taught in the Western Military In stitute—the Professor, Col. Morgan, being one of the most skillful and experienced Engineers in the United States. All the instruments con nected with that department, have been procured at considerable cost, and are of the best quality. The Superintendent takes the liberty of stating that he is now offer ed $75 per month, for competant assistant Engineers. Oneofhisfoi mer pupils receives at this time 5'.!,500 per annum,as Principal En gineer of a Railroad now under construction in Kentucky—whilst others of the same class are receiving in different parts of the United States, $‘2,000, $1,500, or $1,200 a year as Assistant Engineers. The time is rapidly approaching when there will be a great demand for such as have been prepared for that vocation, at the Western Mil itary Institute. Nothing is hazarded in saying that they will readily command $1,200 or $i,500 per annum. Every man of observation must see that the gigantic enterprises already proposed, will give birth to hundreds of others, tributary to them. The rapid advancement of onr whole country, and the eagerness of our people, for exploring the hidden resources of the new States and the newly acquired territory, will give ample scope for ages to come, to the skill and enterprise of jthe Engineer,the Geologist, the Mineralogist,the Surveyor and the Architect. Voung men who have an aptitude for the Mathematical and Physical sciences will have a wide field opened to them for enga ging in an honorable, a healthful and a lucrative pursuit, for which they may be thoroughly and practically in a short time, and a small expense, at the Western Military Institute. TERMS. In the Academy ... S3O 00 per annum In the College - - - -40 00 “ “ For Music and use of Arms and Accoutrements 3 00 “ ‘ For Fuel - - - - 2 00 ““ BOARDING can be had in private families, at from two to two anp a half dollars a week. When in Barracks, it is designed to furnish Commons at a uniform rate. Students from a distance will be require ed to board at the Institute, and have no communication with the town, except as allowed by written permits. The next session will commence on the first of September, and continue ten months. March 21st, 1850. I—ts1 —ts “3000 DOLLARS REWARD!! Reuben Rich’s Patent, Centre Vent, Water Wheel made entirely of Iron with Iron gates- a gainst Turbine, Hotchkiss and all other Wheels, I WILL give SSOO Reward to any person who will producce a Pa tent Water Wheel, that will do as much business with the same quantity of water under any given bead from three feet to thirty feet, or I win give 3?a00 to any person, who will produce a Breast Wh.el un der a head of eight feet or less that shall equal it. in saving of v. ater, or I will give the same amount to any one who will produc* an uvsr shotor undershot, that will last with my wheel and not co<t more mo ney sooner or later, or l will give the same Reward to any man who will produce an over shot undershot or Breast Wheel, that will run as steady as my wheel or .. I will give 5 >OO to any one who will produce a wheel of any sort or kind patented or not, that will combine to the same extent, cheapness durability,power, speed or simplicity so easily applied in all situations and so universally applicable to all purposes and every location, or I will give SSOO, to any one, who will produce a Hotchkiss Whee that does not consume fifty per cent more water to do the same Saw/ up or Grinding. Those who doubt can visit the Coweta Falls Factory in this city and they will see my wheel, driving all their machinery without a Governor, where a French Turbine made in the great city of Lowell failed! to do the business at all. Or if they will visit Pleasant Macon's in Madon county Alabama they will see one of my wheels, only 2 feet, 8 niches in diameter, under a head of 9 feet, grinding 9 to ten bushels of corn per hour. Or in a short time 1 will show at Winter's Mills in this city, one of my wheels 3 1-2 feet in diameter, grinding, 50 to 60 bushels per hour with two pairs of stones. In the Btate of New York there are at least 500 of n / wheels, Grinding, Sawing and Manufac turing in a style never ye done by any oilier. With sufficient head I can turn 5000 Spindles and 100 Looms with one of my wheels but 2 cet in diameter. Gindrat &z Cos. at t.ie Montgomery works Alabama, who are manu facturing mv wheels, will execute orders lor them, and deliver them in any place South of the Potomac, and furnish directions for putting them to their xvo.k, with models if required. Post paid letters addres sed to me at Mo itgomery care of Gindrat & Cos. or at this place care ol G. W. YVinte/ Esq. will meet with prompt attention. In all cases when the Purchaser is not fully satisfied with the performance of iny wheel, the money will be returned. REUBEN RICH, Patentee, from Oswego County New York. Colu.nbusGa. March 21st, 1850. I—tlj. botamco medic aiTlollege OF MEMPHIS. THE fifth course of Medical Lectures in this institution will commence on the first Monday in November next, and end on the last Friday in February succeeding. WMieu & t y * G. W. Morrow, M. D., Professor of Anatomy, $ 12 00 James Weaver, M. I)., Professor of Surgery, 12 00 S. R. Jones, M. D., Professor of Physiology and Pa thology, - ----- 12 00 M. Gabbert, M. I)., Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine, - - - 12 00 K. P. Watson, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, - - - - 12 00 J. J. Riddle. M. D., Professor of Obstetrics and Dis eases of Women and Children, - - 12 00 Wm. llyer, A. M., Professor of Chemistry, - 15 00 G. W.Morrow, M. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy - 800 “ Matriculation Ticket, - 5 00 Total, SIOO 00 Graduation fee, Twenty Dollars. A course of Lectures on Medical Jurisprudence will be delivered gratis during the session, In making the announcement for the approaching session of the Bolanico Medical College, it is due the friends of Re form and the public generally, to lay before them its present condition. The Institution lias up to the present been crowned with unparalleled success, compared with similar institutions in this country. True, it has had to contend with those diffi culties peculiar to, and which are constant attendants upon, the establishment of new institutions, and especially suchas embrace new doctrines. In addition to the facilities for instruction heretofore afford ed, much is being done by the enterprising trustees, and by individuals to render the institution, if possible, still more worthy of public confidence, The college buildings formerly occupied, having been found too inconvenient for the advanced condition of the institution, arrrangements have been made for the building of a more spacious edifice, which in addition to the necessary lecture rooms, will embrace a library, a museum and an herbarium. The arrangements now in contemplation are deemed as com plete as in the oldest institutions in the country, and no pains will be spared, either by the trustees or faculty, to render the situation of students not ouly advantageous, but pleasant. In consequence of the numerous applications which have been made to extend indulgence to young men of enterprise and merit, at a late meeting of the faculty, it was unani mously agreed, that a note for ninety-five dollars, with two good endorsers, payable twelve months after date, should be received in lieu of cash, for the tickets of the several profes sors for one course of lectures, when students are not prepar ed to advance the cash. Those wishing further information in reference to the in stitution, will please address the Dean, post paid K. P. WATSON, Memphis, April, 1350. 19—3 m [Dean of the Faculty To Printers. FIR SALE Cheap for Cash or approved paper, one Im perial Smith Press and all other necessary materials suitable for a country Printing Office. Application to be made at this Office. Aug. 9,1850. Dr. de GRAFFENREID 5 S CELEBRATED RHEUMATIC LINIMENT, r TN introducing this medicine to the people of the United Suites, fcr X sale, the proprietors beg leave to submit the following sum of Dr. de Graffenried, its discoverer and inventor: 1 The undersigned frankly state* that he has prescribed this med rin. for the last twenty-two years, in all forms of Acute and Chronic Rhl. matism, with a success unparalleled in the annals of cf medicine • and he ha no hesitation in saying, that it is decidedly the most valuaLu remedy e\ er yet discovered for the relief of this most painful and di. tressing malady. His note-book contains upwards of three hundred cases, in which it has been used within the above named period, and in n sinri* instance has it come to his knowledge, of its having failed to effect a cure when persevered in. Many of the cast's were from four to t t years standing; and what may appear yet more remarkable and eitrs. ordinary, is, that when the patieut has been once relieved, the is permanently cured , remains so, not a solitary instance having bos reported to him of its return. All he would ask for this remedy is a fair, impartial and patient trial, for the results he entertains no apjirehmsion. Up to the time of this discovery, the undersigned had well stud ed the origin, progress and character of this disease, and is well nmtu-od. had consulted every author on its treatment, who had written or been translated into the English language, and had used all the rcmedi*. 0 | any notoriety then in vogue with the profession, with however verv rarely any relief to poor suffering humanity. 1 1 It has baffled the skill and science of the most eminent Physician* and Surgeons of our own, and of every other country, llut the Hn dersigned flatters himself that his remedy will cure this most painfu a disease, when all others have failed, and that lie shall have been an humble instrument in the hands of God, of relieving the human fatal* of a vast amount of suffering. 7 E-L.de GRAFFENRIED, M. D. CERTIFICATES. FROM COL. A. K. AVER. Dr. E. L. de Graffenried — Learning that you are about to manufacture for the public, your valuable Rheumatic Lin imont, I take pleasure in stating that I believe it one of th* most valuable remedies ever used for that common aud most distressing disease, having witnessed its effects upon a ne gro man of mine, who had been afflicted for four vears, uu til almost every joint was enlarged, and the body otherwise emaciated. By the use of four or five bottles, in three Weeks, he was relieved entirely from pain. Columbus, Ga., Oct.‘24, 1849. A. K. AYER. Columbus, October 30, 1849. Dear Sir—About the first of April last, I came to Colum bus to get medical assistance, and was advised to call on you as having a remedy that would afford me speedy relief. 1 was taken down in January last, with a violent attuck of Rheumatism in nearly all my joints, so badly, that I could not pull off my shoes without aid ; nor could i ascend or de scerid steps, or pull off my clothes without assistance. My right arm and hand were nearly useless ; the fingers con tracted and swollen ; the right knee swollen aud stiffened,, so that I could not bend it but very little. Up to the Ist of April, I was all the time in suffering and pain ; 1 rubbed with your Rheumatic Liniment my limbs three times, aud was the next morning enabled to descend a long flight of steps, without aid of crutch or stick, and back to mv room—l could also beud my knee and bring it up to the chair, which the previous day, I could not have done if mv life had de pended on it. I could also use, open and bend my fingers, which was an impossibility the day before. I rose in tho morning from my bed entirely relieved of pain. 1 used one bottle and an eight ounce via! of your Rheumatic Liniment, and in ten days, I was relieved. I would not have been in the condition which I had been ten days before I called ou you, for any amount of money that could be given me; for what is life worth when in constant pain and misery ! I conside r your Rheumatic Liniment, the most valuable med icine in the world. I am, dear sir, vour friend, J. H. SMITH. Columbus, Ncv. 1, 1849. Dear Sir—My negro woman Patience, a cock, had a stiff neck from a painful Rheumatic affection, for six or seven years, and could not turn her neck except with th body. 1 was induced to purchase a bottle of your Liniment, which was applied in August or September of 1848. One f* & entirely relieved her and she now has the use of her i • well aa ever she had ; aud ap to this time it has not; turn ed. GARLAND B. TERRI Philadelphia, Feb. I, ]B.V Dr. de Graffenried—Dear Sir: Having been afflicted, hr sometime past, with a severe attack of Rheumatism, atd having heard of the wonderful effects of yonr Rheumatic Liniment, I was induced to try a bottle of it, and aftei three days, I was so much relieved as to be able to leave the htms* and attend to business. 1 have perfectly recovered from t’r disease, and would cheerfully reccmmeud the Lm meU m all those who are afflicted. GEORGE HOOD, 27 Powell si. Columbus, Ga., Oct. 13, 1>49. Dr. E. L. de Graffenried—Dear t-ir: Agreeable to your request. I give my testimonial as to the virtue of vour Lini ment in the cure of Rheumatism. iu one joint of my finger, last winter, with acute Rheumatism, and having used many of the unnumbered prescriptions for its cure, with but little benefit, 1 made application of two boit!** of your Liniment, which I am happy to say relieved me in a vcr> stioixtune. lean recommend its use to all persons af fected in like manner. Very respectfully, F. S. CHAPMAN. I cm testity to the efficacy of Dr. de Graffniried e Rheu matic Liniment in the case of Mr. F. S. Chapman, as it t amo under my immediate observation. Oct. 13, 1849. R. A. WARE, M. D. Dear Sir—Some time in January last, Mrs. McKee was taken very ill with lufiammatory Rheumatism in her shoul der joints, extending to her elbow joint, and arm, which dis abled her from using her arm almost entirely ; and from the pain, want of sleep, and great restlessness, for not less than six weeks. 1 was induced by my friend, Mr. Luke Reed, to call on von for a bottle of your Liniment, and by using half the bottle, she was entirely relieved, and the relief was man ifest or sensible after three or four rubbings. lam of opinion it is one of the most valuable remedies that has ever been dis covered for Rheumatism : that is, from my own knowledge aud that which I have heard from others. Dr. E. L. de Graffenried. H. C. McKEE. Columbus, Oct. 19th, 1?49. Dr.de Graffenried—Dear Sir: 1 take pleasure in saving, T have a bo\ who was so badly afflicted with Rheumatism, that he could not raise his hand to his head, and had nearly 1-st the use of his arm. I used the fourth of a bottle of your Rheumatic Liniment, which relieved him entirely. I con sider it a most valuable remedy for the cure of Rheumatism RANDOLPH L. MOTT. Joxes’ Hotel. Philadelphia, March 3d, 1850. Cos/, .}. n. Ragan —Bir, it affords ine great pleasure to be able to. bear testimony to the efficacy and virtues cf Hr. tie GraJfenrieSs Rheumatic Liniment. I have been sorely afflicted for the last six years with what I believ ed to be. and what eminent Physicians of this city pronounced, Rheu matic gout, for several winters past I have been confined to my room and bed nearly all the time. In January Inst, I had an attack as violent if not more so than usual, which prostrated me for about three weeks* cn your recommendation I commenced the use of this Lmimentl (With I must confess but little faith.) Its effects were astonishing and decidedly beneficial from its first application. In a few davs my back, wrists and ankles w ere entirely relieved (and so continue ) of all the soreness and pains, aud the swellings reduced, with the use ot less than one bottle. I have been iu the discharge of my ordinary business e.-ersinee. I consider it an extraordinary, and decidedly the most efficacious remedy for t his disease, w hicli I hat e ever met w ith. And most cheer fully recommend its use to all who may be afflicted with it. Respectfully Yours, ‘ N. W. BRIDGES. Jones* Hotel. Baltimore, March 30. 1850. Dr. de Graffenried — Dear Sir, forthelast twelve years, I have suf feree very severely with the Rheumatism, having been nearly on# fourth of the time confined to my bed by it. I have had the best med ical aid to be found in various cities in the United States with little or no benefit. I have also tried innumerable strongly recommended remedies, which have failed to effect a cure. 1 tqx-nt the last summer at the White Sulphur and Hot Springs in Virginia, to little purpose. After iny return home, I so far recovered, as to be able to walkabout a little. About six weeks since, I had a severe attack which again con fined me to my bed, 1 was in great pain and scarcely able to move my limbs, when a friend of mine called and informed me that you hnd dis covered an infallible remedy, and had cured many,and amongst them, one of my friends, and showed me a letter front him stating tlw fact. I was induced to try your Rheumatic Liniment, and take pleasure in informing you that in less than twenty-four boars from the first appli cation 1 was perfect' y frtt from pain, and continue so up to this time. 1 am now able to attend to business, and fondly hope all those afflict ed, as I have been, may be as speedily relieved, as I have been with your medicine. Wishing you all the blessings you deserve dear sir, Your grateful and obedient Servant, GEO. WARDS WORTH. Con-Mars, Ga.. Oct. 20. 1849. Dr. de Graffenried — Piar Fir, 1 take pleasure in giving you the particulars of my affliction by, and relief from Rheumatism. During the spring of 1844 I w as afflicted with a very severe attack of Inflam matory Rheumatism. I employed all the most celebrated remedies then known and used in similar cases, aided by medical advice, until September, 1845, with no satisfactory result whatever. Iw as then induced, by a rheumatic acquaintance, to try your Liniment, as some thing new, and which had cured him; and in one month from th# time I commenced the application, I was well, and clear of the Rheu matism as 1 ever was. anil have continued so to this time. Yours, Truly, L. C. MORTON. For sale at Payne & Nisbatt's Drug Store, Macon, and by Agent# tin all the principal cities and towns in the United States. Price $5 per bottle none genuine without the signature of the discoverer on the side label of the bottle, and across the cork. de GRAFFENRIED & Cos., Proprietors. Columbus, June 14,1850. 12 —ly. MACON Candy Manufactory. r T'hE Subscriber still continues to manufacture CANDY’ of every JL variety, next door below Ross & Co's, on Cotton Avenue. Hst increased my facilities and obtained additional Tools,! ant now prepsr edto put cn to order, CANDIES, of any variety, and warranted equa to any manufactured in the South. ] also manufacture a superior ar ticle of Lemon and other BYRUPB, CORDIALS, PRESERVES, Ac- All my articles are well packed, delivered at any point in this City and w arranted to give satisfaction, H. C. FREEMAN, Agent. Merck, 21,1?5?. I—*