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VOL. I. 4SI Jill jLji£lL. €\)t fergia Citiini. ■ & - - : : i. ‘ i: L. F. W. ANDREWS, Editor. MACON, GA. DEC. 28, 1850. Macon Cotton Market. December 28. Prices have advanced since our last report fully 1-2 cent per lb., occasioned by more favorable accounts per “ Africa.” showing 1-8 a 1-2 and. advance in Liverpool. We quote fair 12 cents —middling fair 11 5-8 all 3-4. Oar Half Sheet. —To give all hands a little recrea tion in this season of festivity , we print only a half sheet the present issue. The deficiency will be made up to those who take exception thereto. New Years.- -The Carrier of the “ Georgia Citlren ” , would respectfully inform those whom he has weekly served with this Journal, that liis Benefit will come off on Wednes day next, and he hopes that his opening “ Address ” will, in theatrical parlance, be a Bumper.” BY TELEGRAPH. For the Georgia Citizen. Atlanta, Dec. 26, —8 o'clock p. m. The citizens of Chattanooga, indignant at the outrageous ! condition of the Stale Rail Road, held a meeting yesterday morning—Resolutions were unanimously passed—condemn ing its management and pledging themselves not to ship any thing by it until a radical change—for the better—is wrought. I told you it would come to this. G A BRILL. Macon High School . —The attention of the reader j is invited to the announcement in to-day's paper of the open ing of this Institution, on Monday the 6th day of January next. The prospectsof the school are highly flattering, and rve have every reason to believe that under the enlightened adminis tration of the Rector and his assistants, Professors Ryan and Hancock, Macon will shortly have that most desirable thing an efficient and thorough home Education in all branches, use ful and practical. Sadden Death. —We are pained to record the sudden | demise of a very worthy man and citizen, Mr. Geo. W. Tall in edge, on Saturday evening last, at his Mr. T mdispose<l, iu the morning of that May, dr, . not go to his usual employment, but remained at home.— In the afternoon he went into his garden and engaged in some light business about the premises, and at dusk returned into the house. His wife took a lamp down to light, when Mr. T. attempting to assist her, by blowing the coal which she held, his spirit exhaled in the effort and he fell over on the floor a corpse ! On Wednesday evening previous, the de ceased,had the first and only symptom of an unpleasant charac ter, and this consisted of a sudden and somewhat severe, though temporary pain in the region of the heart, which how ever, did not prevent his attention to business the two follow ing days. On a post-mortem examination, nothing was found to elucidate the cause of his sudden death. Ilis remains were escorted to Rose Cemetery on Sunday evening, by a large concourse of Odd Fellows and the Macon Volunteers, Capt. Conner, of which bodies Mr. T. was an esteemed mem ber. Mr. T. was in the 33d year of his age—was a native of Philadelphia, where his widowed mother resides, and has left a wife, two sisters and a half-brother in this city, to mourn his decease. To the Uoion Men of Macon.— ln face of the fact, as recently developed, that the Fire Eaters in tended, if they had found themselves a majority of the people instead of a contemptible minority, to hang or drive out of the State all Union men and confiscate their estates unless they took the test oath suggested by Gov. Troup and other leaders of that party, we desire to ask the Union men of Macon, now they can reconcile it to themselves to aid in pla cing such men in power at the approaching Municip al election ? Will it not be placing a club in our enemies’ hands to dash our own brains out ? We ate of that opinion, decidedly. What though some of us are not altogether satisfied with the Union Ticket, is that any reason why we should oppose it to the advantage of our opponents! Such a course is suicidal in the extreme, and can only be justified by strong personal obligations to an opposing candi date or from a conscientious sense of the unworthi ness of those on the Union Ticket. This last is with out the shadow of pretence, and we hope, therefore, that a proper respect for their principles will induce •very Union man in the city, to vote the 1 icket—the whole ticket, and nothing but the ticket presented for their suffrages, f Going to Seed !—There is a fine crop of gallows bird* maturing, among the juveniles of this oity, which will not take long to ripen into a plentiful harvest, if the city au thorities and parents and guardians do not take immediate ■trps to arrest the evil. The rowdy scenes enacted, during thi* week, by gangs of vicious and unruly boys, from 8 to 18 years of age, would do credit to the purlieus of the famous °r rather infamous “ Five Points ” of Gotham. May we not hope, that when our approaching municipal election is °er, there will be more efficiency among the Marshals and eity authorities to preserve order, than is now deemed coin- Ptible with electioneering prudence ? Behind the Excitement ! —Our very esteemed and dignified cotemporary of the Savannah “Republican” has | forgotten that there is such a Union pajjer as the ‘Georgia Citi *rn.’ If being the first to take the field and the last to leave it constitute any claim to honorable mention among the‘faith ful’ surely that ‘best abused paper’ the Citizen, should not o soon have faded from the tablets of the Republican's raem pry: But it no matter. We find an excuse for the omis- I in the ‘hurry and confusion’ incident to collating the ‘lat est news’ and placing it right before his numerous readers, HogS I HogS !—Some 400 head of Swine were brought down the Macon & Western Road, on TVednesday, in front °fthe passenger train, for this market. Me welcome the but a passenger says that when the wind blows aft kora the pork pens, as was the case, Wednesday, the odor ar >)’ thing but otto of roses to the olfactories. ™. ' ■ ‘ ‘ ... ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ *” “ Carolina Banks —Some of our eoteinporaries, who have heretofore been loudest in condemnation of the policy of chartering new Banks in Georgia, have suddenly become ad vocates for the agencies of such Institutions belonging to other States, and bitterly denounce those Editors who have thought it prudent to warn the public against South Caroliua Bank ing operations, in the present Revolutionary state of that Co mmonwealth ! Why these denunciations, Mr. Albany Patri ot, for you are one of those who have assumed the champ ionship of South Carolina in the present matter ? Why do you assume, that hatred for the people of Palmettodom is at the bottom of the caution given? M’hy not publish the ar ticle to which you have alluded, and show the bearing of the same in connexion with the speedy prospective secession of South Carolina f When a journalist throws out an impu tation against the motives of others, it invites enquiry into its own reasons of action ; aud are therefore justified in enquiring of the Patriot, whether any bonus of the South Carolina currency has lately found its way into its pri vate Ireasury? We merely ask for information, especially, as, not long since, the influence of that press and its Senato rial friend, was used against the people of a neighboring coun ty obtaining a Bank Charter ? There must be some good rea son for this favoritism for foreign Bank agencies, at the ex pense of the people of Georgia, which will justify the charge of malicious intent against the people of a sister State. For ourselves we disdain the imputation. M’e have many cher ished friends in South Carolina; men whose interests we should protect as soon and as strongly as our own. Never theless, when we see and know that even in that State, there has, lately, been a sharp controversy, on the subject of the State Bank of S. Carolina, which leads to suspicion as to the sound management of the institution, per se, among the citi zens of Palmettodom, and when we know that the Suite is mediuuing a measure of alienation from the confederacy which will make her a Foreign power or place her in a state of revolt , we would be faithless to our trust, did we not warn our fellow-citizens against confiding too implicity in her Bank ‘promises to pay.’ Add to the above another consideration. The Bank of Charleston is a Bank Monster, whose Brierian arms extend to every nook and corn-rof our Southern Commercial world. Its agencies are numerous and its funds are scattered wide ly among the planters of Georgia and other States. Now, suppose a political revulsion should take place—such as South Carolina seems disposed to bring about, what will be conse qence to the holders of Charleston paper ? Great loss will be inevitable, because persons at a distance cannot know of events in time to put oft - the currency at par , while those near the Bank will have that opportunity. Thence, there is good reason for the caution given, and hence also, a sufficient mo tive is presented to every patriotic Georgian to give prefer ence to the Banks of his own State over those of other States, which are enshrouded by eireusmtauces of doubt and suspi cion. P. S. Since writing the above we have received the follow ing article touching the proposed drafts to be made upon the State Bank of South Carolina, to place that State in a posi tion of defence. It confirms fully our suggestion of caution against hording up any such currency : “As this institution has a large circulation in this and the adjoining States, we copy from the Charleston Mercury, the subjoined article, showing the drafts likely to be made upon its means by tjie State.*. ffijijeh .may •? pqJCti/ularly r’t&restv&g io the holders of its bills. The institution has, according to the statements of citizens of that State, been in a very crip pled condition for years, sustaining its credit by a system of “ Kiteing ,” and the confidence of bill holders in the plighted faith of the State. In truth, at no period within a number of years could it have redeemed its circulation without great sa crifices, and if the drafts contemplated by the committee on Ways and Means of the Legislature be made upon its avail able means, il gjhooves the bill holders to look to their inter ests at the earliest” jrossible day.”— Aug. Chron. Dec. 20. A Venal Press. — M’e had occasion last week, to speak, rather discourteously, of the Montgomery Alabama Adver tiser, on account of its late malicious and false charge against us, of publishing incendary matter in our columns. M’e “an swered a fool according to liis folly,” and to show that the “ lie direct ” was the only suitable answer to such a charge, from such a venal source, we copy from a subsequent number, the following specimen of that paper's usual style of billings gate against those who “ come between the wind and its no bility.” It is speaking of Messrs Toombs aud Stephens’ par ticipation in the Milkdgeville proceedings, and says : “ M T e hope the people will pause and think ere they lend themselves to the purposes of these selfish demagogues. A lexander 11. Stephens, if he were to receive liis just reward from the Southern people, would be sunk so low by their curs es that “the hand of resurrection would never reach him.” He it was that contributed, more than any other man, to keep open the question of slavery in the territories, that the agitation of slavery might enure to the election of Gen. Taylor. Now, with impudence of a harlot and the knavery of a black leg, be recommends the organization of a “Union party !” The miserable trickster! —Does he think the people are fools, that they will become the dupes of such as he ? That they will forget his treason to those who made him what he is, committed but yesterday—and to-day give heed to his prag matical advice of what is neessary for the general welfare ? Mr. Toombs is entitled to very little more consideration than Mr. Stephens. He has swallowed without effort the sentiments that he once uttered with a forked tongue in be half of the constitutional rights of his countrymen. lie has enthisowu words—and his advice concerning a Union party is as worthless and as heartless as was liis late exposition of ‘ their wrongs and defence of their rights.” Now, to call one of Georgia’s Represen latives, a “selfish demagogue,” “ impudent harlot;” “black-leg,” “ trickster,” <fce., may all be consistent with South Carolina chivalry when occupying the Editoral tripod of an Alabama Fire-Eating Journal, but it is so little to our taste that we beg leave to de cline its further association, for fear that its “evil communica tions will corrupt the good manners” of those in our employ ment. Postage Reform. — The Post Master General rcc -1 ommends a uniform rate of Postage on Newspapers, by i which the mammoth blanket Sheets of the Northern Cities are sent to every part of the L nited States, at the same rate that country newspapers, of one fourth the size, are sent a dozen miles! There is no sense or justice in such an une qual system of postal arrrangement. It is giving power to the City Press to monopolize the newspapar circulation of the whole country. To remedy the inequality, country newspa pers should lc carried free to any point, within the state in which they are printed, or within 100 miles of the printing of fice out of the State. M’e are not sure, either, that the reduction of letter postage to the minimum standard proposed, is likely to be servicea ble to the Southern community, in general. Business men in cities will be benefitted, but we f.-ar, that there will be less service performed and less mail facilities provided through the country, at large. If such a contingency is not provided agaipst, we believe the proposed reduction will be prejudicial and not beneficial. The M’asliington Correspondent of the Boston Atlas, an abolition paper of the worst stamp, writes as follows; “ Before the opening of the session, it was a question whether the Fugitive Slave Law could be repealed or modi fied at present; and among others I was willing to believe it might. Tiie lapse of a fortnight, together with what has since transpired convinces me that it cannot fcf.” “Jn&qjen&ent in all things in Notl)ing,” MACON, GEORGIA, SATURDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 28, 1850. Awful Accidents.. —The steamers Anglo Saxon and Knoxville recently blew up at New Orleans, killing several individuals, and maiming others for life. And on the 16tli inst. the steamer South America, from Cincinnati, took fire a few miles above Bayou Sara, and was totally destroyed to the keel, in 20 minutes, by which awful calamity 25 persons, some of them U. S. troops, on their way to Texas, lost their lives! Jenny Lind in Charleston. — Tho Nightingale and suite arrived in Charleston on Monday last. She was to give two concerts, one on Thursday ovening and the other to-night. - ii Virginia • —Gov. Floyd of Virginia, sent a * message to the Legislature, iu which.he characterized the re cent action in the \ ernmut Legislature as .an injury and an insult to the whole South, and remarks that it demands an instant settlement of an issue which has so long distracted the country. For the restoration of complete and effectual harmony, tho Governor recommends the Legislature to in vite all the States of the Union to unite in sending delegates to represent the whole people in a general convention, at Bal timore, or some other convenient or central point, not later than May next. He further recommends that the State of \ irginia, speaking through her Legislature, appeal earnest ly and sincerely to her sister States of the South, to postpone any extreme action in relation to present difficuties until the result of the deliberation of such a convention should be known, lie concludes by saying, the motto of the South must be, as it has been, “ Union if wo can—independence, if we must.” .HARRIED, On the 18th inst., at M’eewokaville, Ala., by the Rev. Da vid A. Peebles, Mr. M’m. M\ Taylor, of this eity, to Miss Sarah E. Pope, eldest daughter of Col. Thomas L. Pope, of Talladega county, Ala. [Friend T. requests us to “say to all the boys, that if they wish to prove successful with their lady loves, to be 6ure and subscribe for and send them a copy of the Georgia Citizen. Tell them I've tried it, and know it to be true.” This is a fact, worthy of note. T. not only sent the Citizen, as a week ly remembrance to his lady love, but a copy also to the lady’s father, to another Post Office! The result is on record, os above stated. To the Junior Bachelors and widowers we say “Go and do likewise.” LETTER from ATLANTA. Atlanta, Ga., Dec. 23, 1850. Dear Doctor : —I fed much indebted to you for your kind ness in transmitting to me a slip from the “Montgomery Ad vertiser ” of tho 17th instant, in reference to myself, and for your generous defence. Although I was prepared to henr some dissatisfaction expressed at my appointment, by that class I of politicians who look to Palmettodom for their cue, and felt sure that the enemies of the administration would seize upon it as a fitting opportunity to’ scatter the Administra tion with a due quantity of their f did nii’id-roj ovjueet that any editor, in chronicling the lid binl to thciV val- i to bare-faced falsehood in order t n. ~Y® TiWiFAuft niy SoiAiuenoeif. ire integrity"or in some measure, misplaced. The editors of the “Montgomtor ry (Ala.) Advertiser,’’ and of several South-Cnrolina journal jy have accused me of writting an “incendiary letter ” to yofft paper, and iutimated that the appointment which I now h(d from the Federal Government was conferred as a “ rowan!.’’ They have likewise asserted that the appointment is obn#x ious to this community. These statements and insinuations are false; and I beg the privilege, through your columns* to brand their authors as wilful and malicious liars. Regarding, as I have, the leaders of the recent Dieunipn agitation as Traitors to and enemies of my Country, I have written and spoken of them of bitterness and scorn. I have 6een no sufficient j their conduct since the re cent election (at which the People of our glorious old Com monwealth so effectually condemned their unholy efforts) to authorize a change in my feelings towards them. Consequent ly; I hold them now, as heretofore— enemies of my Coun try—-alike unworthy the confidence and friendship of a pat riotic people. Very truly Tours, C. R. IIANLEITER. €aa^,j- Standing Commiti* *. the Senate. On For sign Relations - f jf| .as, Manguui, Phelps, and Douglass. h On Finance —Hunter, Bright, Pearce, Benton and Ew ing. On Commerce —llandin, Soule, Davis, of Massachusetts, Dodge, of M’iseonsin, and Bell. On Manufactures —Sebastian, Clemens, Clarke; James, and Upham. On Agriculture —Sturgeon, Turney, Spruancc, M’alkcr, and Chase. On Military Affairs —Davis, of Mississippi, Borland, Green, Shields,aud Dawson. On the Militia —Houston, Dodge, of M’isconsin, Morton, Clemens, and Sprunnce. On Naval Affairs —Yulee, Mason, Badger, Miller, and Gwin. On Public Lands —Felch, Shields, M'inthrop, Fremont, and Smith. Oa Private Land Claims —Downs, M’liitcomb, Davis, of Mass. Baldwin, nnd Chase. On Indian Affairs —Atchison, Sebastian, Bell, Rush, and Wiles. On Claims —Norris, M’hiteomb, Underwood, Baldwje an and Pratt. ‘ ft On the Judiciary —Butler, Downs, Berrien, Bradkur and Dayton. if On Revolutionary Claims —M’nlker, Upham, Dodga, of lowa, Cooper and Chase. j On the Yost office and Post Roads —Rusk, Bright, Up ham, Soule, and Morton. On Roads and Canals —Bright, Atchison, Green, Pratt, and Spruanee. On Pensions —Jones, Phelps, Dayton, Hale, and Bor land. On the District of Columbia —Mason, Yulce, Miller, Shields, and Berrien. On Patents and the Paient Offiee-— Turney, Norris, Wales, M'hitcomb, and Dawson. On 7 errilories —Douglas, Underwood, Houston, Cooper, and Seward. Mr. Cass, on his motion, was excused from service on the Committee on Foreign Relations. On motion of Mr. Cass, Ordered , ‘lhat the vacancy be filled by the President pro tempore. *A friend has just got down a couple of negroes from a distant plantation in Arkansas, and they are yet pretty nearly as green as black. ‘Mo,’ said friend Charley, ‘tell Ned to get me a cocktail.’ But Ned who knew but little more than Mo, was missing, and in a few minutes Mo brought, his thirsty master a bundle of fresh feathers, apologizing that as he could not chase up the rooster , he had been compel led to pluck the hen feathers of an imprisoned pul let, but offered to make another effort after the cock i if hjs master would wait a while longer. The Bounty Land Law. — M T e learn, from the Pension Office that, in answer to various inquiries relative to the boun ty land act of September 28, 1850, decissions have been made as follows: 1. That where the service has been rendered by n substi tute, ho is the person entitled to th# benefit and not his em ployer. [This is in accordance with the first statement made, but contrary to a brief letter published lately.] 2. That the widow of a soldier who has rendered the ser vice required by the law is entitled to bounty land, provided she was a widow at the passage of the law, although blic may have been married several times ; or although her marriage to the officer or soldier may have taken place after he left the service; but if not a widow when the law passed, the bene fit of the act inures to the minor children of the deceased sol r^lier. ‘3. That no person who has received or is entitled to bounty land under a prior law is entitled to the benefit of the act of 28th Sept. 1850. 4. That no soldier is entiled to more than one warrant un der this act, although he may have served soveral terms ; but, where a soldier has served several terras, lie will receive a warrant for the greatest quantity of land in which the several terms consolidated will entitle him. 5. In all cases where any portion of the marine corps in the several wars referred to in the act of the 28th September, j 1850, were embodied with the army in the field, and per formed service as a portion of the line of the army, tho ma rines who so served, if they served tho time required by law, and were honorably discharged, are entitled to land. No Seaman, nor any other person belonging to the navy proper, is entitled to land. Persons who wore engaged in the romoval of the Cherokces from Georgia, in 1536 or in re moving Indians at any time, aro not entitled to land. \ Position of the South. The Richmond Republican throws out the follow ing truthful suggestions : “The South in our opinion, lias never occupied so strong and impregnable a position since the founda tion of the Government as at this moment. She has tho Constitution and the Law and the whole force of the United States, regulars and militia, on her side, in the questiou which is now to test the stability of the American Government. She leaves it to the North to nullify, and herself stands upon tho broad foundation of the Unipn She says to the North—We led the way to this Union —we remain faithful to its Constitution and its laws ; we shall never desert the Union; ifyou choose to rebel, nullify, or secede, go, but we abide ! Ours is the flag, whose bright constellation has blazed in victory upon a hundred battle-fields ; ours the glorious traditions of the Republic ; ours the army and the navy ; ours arc the true United States , which will prove tbem- I selves no less able to thwart the designs of traitors thf|h to hurl back the tide of foreign invasions. Ours is not only the Past but the Future of the Ameri cas Union. It shall be reserved us to lead the van in jhe march of republican progress, aiKLtn..w,’ ca tj ‘i oppressed of every clime to an as\ a tax upon locrT7 ofgenuntjj liberty, long after its li.ta sinraL gone :>t.t amid the turbulent waves of an unlfienied Dem | ocracy. Go who will, the South remains, and ‘fights her battles IN that Union’ to which she led the way, and of whose glories and whose hopes she will not permit herself to be deprived either by foes abroad or traitors at home.” ■’ 0 f Letter from Mr. Webster. The following eloquent and admirable letter from Mr. M'ebster was written in reply to an invitation to attend a mass meeting of the friends of the Union in Stanton, Virginia: M'akhington, Nov. 23, 1850. Gentlemen. —On my arrival in this city last evening, I had the pleasure to receive your communication of the 7th inst. It is a refreshing, an encouraging and a patri otic letter. You speak of the sentiments which become the great and eminent Commonwealth of Virginia. You speak as Wythe, and Pendleton, Jeffersou, Marshall and Madison would speak were they yet among us. You speak of the Union of these States; and what idea can suggest more live ly emotions in the minds of the American people, of present prosperity, past renown nnd future hopes ? Gladly would I be with you, gentlemen, on tho proposed occasion, and, as one of your countrymen and fellow citizens, assure you of my hearty sympathy with you, in the opinions which you ex press, and my unchangeable purpose to co-operate with you and other good men in upholding the honor of the states and the Constitution of the Government. llow happy should I be to present myself in Virginia West of the Blue Ridge, nnd there to pledge mutual faith, with the nicn of Augusta and Rockbridge, Bath, Alleghany and Po cahontas, Highland,Pendleton and Rockingham, that, while we live, the institutions of our wise and patriotic sires, shall not want supporters, and that, so far as may depend on us, the civilized world shall never be shocked by beholding such a prodigy as the voluntary dismemberment of this glorious republic. No gentlemen, never, never. If it shall come to that, political martyrdom is preferable to 6uch a sight. It is better to die while the honor of the country is untarnished, and the flag of the Union still flying over our heads, than to live till wc behold that honor gone forever, and that flag pros trate in the dust. Gentlemen, I speak armly—because I feel warmly, and because I know I speak to men whose hearts are as warm as my own in support of the country and it* Union. I am lately from the North, where I have mixed extensive , ly with men of all classes and all parties, and 1 assure you, ‘gentlemen, that through the of the Northern peojilo, the general feeling and the great cry, is for the Union and its preservation. There are, it is true, men to be found, some of perverse purposes, and some of bewildered imiginntions who affect to suppose that some possible but undefined good would arise from a dissolution of the ties which bind these United States together; but be assured the number of those men is small, eminent leaders of “all parties rebuke them, and while there prevails a general purpose to maintain the Union, ns it is, that purpose embraces, ns its just and necessary means, a firm resolution of supporting the rights of all the States pre cisely as they’stand guaranteed and secured by the Constitu tion. And you may depend upon it, that every provision in that instrument, in favor of the rights of Virginia, and the other Southern States, and every constitutional net of Congress, passed to uphold and enforce those rights, will be upheld and maintained not only by the power of the law, but also by the prevailing influence of public opinion. Accidents may occur to defeat the execution of a law in a peculiar instance; misguided men may, it is possible, sometimes enalle others to elude the claims of justice, and the rights founded in solemn constitu tional compact, but, on the whole, and, in the end, the laiv will be executed and obeyed; the South will see that there is principle and patriotism, good sense and honesty, in the gen eral minds of the North ; and that among the great mass of intelligent eitzens in that quarter, the general disposition to ask for justice is not stronger than the disposition, to grant it to others. Gentlemen, we are brethren; we are descended of those who labored together with intense anxiety for the establish ment of the present Federal Constitution. Let me ask you, gentlemen; to teach your young men, into whose hands the power of the country must soon fail, to go back to the re- volutionary war, to contemplate the feebleness nnd incompe tency of the confederation of the States then existing, and to trace the steps by which the intelligence and patriotism of the great men of tliat day, led the country to the adoption of the existing Constitution. Teach them to study the proceedings, votes, and reports of committees in the old Congress; especially draw their attention to the leading part taken by the assem bly of Virginia, from 1783 onward; direct their minds to the convention held at Annapolis in 1756, and by the con templation and study of these events and these efforts, let them see what a mighty thing it was to establish the govern ment under which we have now lived so prosjierously for 60 years. But pardon me ; I must trot write an essay or make a speech. Virginia ! true-hearted Virginia ! stand by your country, stand by the work of your fathers, stand by the Union of the States, and May Almighty God prosper all your efforts in the cause of liberty, nnd in the cause of that United Government which renders this people tho hap piest people upon which the sun ever shone. I am, gentlemen, yours, truthfully and faithfully, DANIEL M’EBSTER. Annual Report of the Secretary of the Trea sury. M’o are indebted to the Secretary of the Treasury, for a copy of his Annual Report. It occupies eight closely print ed col urns of the National Intelligencer , nnd is written with signal ability, evidencing a thorough nnd minute knowl edge of the financial and commercial affairs of the country.— We regret that its length precludes its appearance in our col umns. M’e glean from it the following statistics : Receipts and Expenditures. —The receipts for the year onding June 30, 1850, were $49,606,713 IS, and the ex penditures for the same period were $43,002,168 69, leav ing a balance in the Treasury on the Ist of July, 1850, of $6,601,544 49. The estimated receipts for the year end ing June 30, 1851, (with the balance on hand) amount to $54,312,594 49, and the expenditures to $53,853,597 50,leav ing on hand on the Ist July next, $450,896 99. The re ceipts for the following year are estimated at $47,258,99G 99, and the expenses at $48,124,993 18, leaving a deficit on Ist July, 1851, of $865,996 19, exclusive of interest ou Texas boundary stock. Cost op the Mexican M’ar. —The report goes on to show that the large expenditures of the government have grown out of the Mexican war. For the seven years previ ous to the war, tho sum of $149,660,345,52 was expended, and during the seven subsequent years, it amounted to $294,- 807,407 95. The expenditures and liabilities chargeable directly to said war, and the subsequent acquisition of territory, amounted to $217,175,575 89, exclusive of numerous names yet to be presented. Frauds urox tub Revenue. —Particular attention is called to Frauds upon the Revenue. An instance is men tioned where three cargoes of fruit were shipped by one house, at the same time, to Boston, New York and Phila delphia, the quality and invoice value being tho same. At J Philadelphia it passed at the invoice .value; at New York . >rYhe/u T y'?i sers a, l v ’ e d it 75 per cent pud at Boston 9°i ‘ r Aiw* toVtfpr.mi■) To'nw 1 /ft was * *4i is t <’ - v,, ‘ PU * J - Changes Rkcomjiol oed in the Present Tariff. —This part of the report exhibits great ability, and abounds with statistics and arguments that are unanswerable. It is believed, that if upon the largest importations of the past year the increase should continue at the same ratio as that of the past quarter, which, as already stated, is $18,000,- 000, the aggregate amount for the current fiscal year, ending 30th June, 1851, will not fall much short of $250,000,000. — A survey of the markets of the world, it is believed, furnish es no reason except that our exportations will exceed those of last year, which we have seen were a fraction less than 152 millions. This would leave on the trade of the current fiscal year, with foreign countries, an alarming balance, which could not fail to be felt in results fatal to all branches of busi ness at home, and highly injurious to the revenue of succeed ing years. The following changes in the Tariff are recommended : 1. A change in the present ad valorem system, which should impose specific duties upon all articles to which such duties may safely be applied, with home valuations upon all such as are necessarily subject to ad valorem rates. 2. If the principle of specific duties shall not be adopted, that the home valuation, instead of the foreign, should then be applied, to all imports subject to ad valorem duties. 3. If neither of the foregoing changes shall be thought proper, then it is deemed highly necessary that the present rates of duties should be increased on a great variety of arti cles which it will be found could bear such increase with the most salutary effects upon both trade and revenue. Either of the two first modifications suggested above would undoubtedly correct many of the inequalities of the present system, place all importers, whether purchasers or manufac turers, on equal grounds in respect to valuations for duty, guard the revenue against the flagrant frauds which are now so easily perpetrated under existing laws, and insnre stability and permanent increase of the revenue. In any system it is believed that experience has settled the true policy to be pursued in several particulars which enter into our system of revenue laws. Among these are that all raw material should be admitted at a moderate rate of duty, when assessed at all, that all non-enumerated articles should be assessed at higher rates rates of duty than the average of manufactured articles, and that the articles composed of the same material should pay in general the same rates of duty. In order to insure uniformity in the business of the custom houses, and equality in the valuations under any system, I earnestly recommend the creation of a corps of appraisers at large, whose duty it shall be to visit the principal ports in the U. S. from time to time, with power to correct improper val uations nnd prescribe rules for the local appraisers. Public M’areiiouses. —lt is recommended that the time for which goods may be kept in store, after the original im portation and entry, be extended to three years, and with the privilege of export to any foreign country, without the pay ment of duties. It is also recommended to relieve importers from the payment of duties upon merchandize destroyed by fire in bonded warehouses; and to remove all unnecessary re strictions upon commerce, that all custom-house fees be abol ished, ns well those that are chargeable upon the register ing, enrolling, and licensing of vessels, as those relating to the entry, warehousing and transportation of merchandize. Attention is also called to the numerous custom-house oaths and boDds, consular certificates, and other require ments with which our system is burdened, rendering it at once complicated and vexatious; they should bo dispensed with. The Mint. —lt is recommended that the Treasury Depart ment be authorized to receive all gold and silver bullion in tended for recoinage, and so soon as it could be ascertained, that mint certificates should be issued for the same in con venient sums, at the option of the owners, which certificates should be made receivable for all dues to the United States.! the Government being at the expense of conveying such bi# lion to the mint for the coinage. Miscellaneous. —The report closes with a reference to a variety of subjects, of no great importance to our readers. jsy The \V ashington correspondent of the Char leston Courier says: ‘The Vermout delegation in both Houses of Congress, unequivocally condemn the late act of their State Legislatvre, in regard to tlie Fugitive Law. The lVashfitfftoD ‘Monument.. At a meeting of the New York Historical Society the other day, an interesting paper was read by Mr. arnum concerning the Monument and the progress already made in its construction. — W e learn from this paper that the foundation is at bottom 81 feet square. It is built of a species of blue rock, a material which is continued up 17 feet above ground. Here the marble work of the obe lisk commences. This obelisk is to be 500 feet high, 55 feet square at the base, and 33 feet squard at the top. The walls are fifteen feet thick at the commencement, leaving a space inside 25 feet square, which will be of the same dimensions all the wav up. The obelisk is now 76 feet high, and it is an ticipated that at least fifty feet will be added during another season. The outside is constructed of a material known as chrystal marble, and the main body of the wall is of blue guesis, except where blocks presented by States and associations have been inserted. Thirty States and one Territory have determined to present blocks of stone to be inserted on the inside, of which five are already in the wall and nine are on the ground. About fifty associations have requested to make similar donations, and a number have been received. Some of them are of elaborate workmanship and beautiful material, almost every prominent kind of stone or marble in the Union be ing there in one or more spc'dmens. Up to this time $120,000 have been expended on the work. The estimated cost of the whole shaft is $500,000. W ithin a week or two after the passage of the compromise bills, large additional subscrip tions were received from visitors at Washington.— The monthly receipts from all parts of the country now average $2,809, and if they continue at that rate, fair progress will be made on the work, as the sum already expended was much of it laid out on die foundation, in providing a steam engine, and secur ing a stock of materials. The largest amounts have been raised in Pennsyl vania and Virginia. The South has been more lib era) than the North, the country than the city. In the cuy there are projects for local monments* \\hich interfere, as in New York, and people are subjected to more calls for contributions than in the countrv, where there are fewer distracting subjects, and where during the long winter night3 old histories are more read, and more old soldiers’ battles are fought over again, exciting the spirit of patriotism to a far higher degree. The few census agents engaged in collecting that reported have made encouraging reports. The first collection for this monument was made 3ome fifteen years ago, when $28,000 was obtained and invested. $2,000 of this was collected in the city of New York, by Mr. Burrill. When the new collection was undertaken, s*me four years since, the fund had accumulated to nearly $40,000. Great difficulty is experienced in obtaining suita , ble agents, men of chara ter and intellisrenee. They reqtTreSrto give bonds, and are allowea Ffiberal commission for their serviees and expenses. Ex-PrcsMeot Jefferson and the Cooper’s shop.* \ lELD RATHER THAN EXACT, AND THEN YOU WILL get your rights. —The following was related ma ny years since by one of tbe parties, who was a very respectable citizen of Montgomery county, Penn sylvania : .During the Presidential term Os Thos. Jefferson,’ two young men of Pennsylvania, took a lease of him of his merchant mill at Mbnticello, one of the stipu lations of which, was that the landlord should erect for their use, within a given period, a cooper’s shop. Ihe time for a meeting of Congress soon arrived, the President had to repair to Washington to attend to his official duties, where he remained a lohg time absorbed in national concerns, and the bu* tii g f the cooper’s shop was entirely forgotten by him.— Not so with his tenants, whose daily wants constant ly reminded them of the provision contained in tho lease; and finally they determined to erect it them selves, and charge the cost of it to their landlord.— On the return of the President to bis mansion the par ties met to settle the long account current, which had been running during his absence. The items were gone over and scrutinized, one by one, and all were found satisfactory, but the charge for building the cooper’s shop, to which he objected, alleging that he could have erected it with his own workmen. Sev eral attempts were made to effect a settlement, but they always failed when they came to the cooper’s shop. The young men became warm and xealous in the affair, and the parties instead of getting nearer together, they found themsekes at every interview, wider apart. In this state of affairs, the father of the young men, who was a mild, affable, conciliating gentle man, professing some knowledge of the world and its ways, arrived on a visit to his sons, who inform ed him of their difficulty with their landlord. Ho requested them to leave it to him, observing that ho thought he could effect an amicable settlement in the case. This course was accordingly acceded to, and in due time he waited on the President with the ac count. It was scanned and agreed to, except the charge for building the shop, which, fie said, with some firmness, he should not allow for reasons sta ted. His opponent observing his apparent decision on the subject, very gravely remarked, “Well, friend Jefferson, it has always been my practice through life, to yield rather than to contend.’’— Immediately on this remark being made the Presi dent's chin ‘ fell on his breast, for an instant, when, raising his head in an erect position, he observed in a very emphatic manner, “ Avery good principle, Mr. Shoemaker, and I can carry it as far as rou can; let the account for the cooper’s shop be allowed.”— Thus ended the difficulty, and the parties continued their friendly regard for each other till death sepa rated them. And the cultivation of a similar dis position, “ to follow peace with all men,” would ter minate thousands of difficulties, add much to the happiness of individuals, and tend to promote they general order of society.— Farmer's Cabinet. BlifldilMan’s, Buffi I might say, and with truth too, that for very lit tle masters and misses, a quiet game of blind man’s buff is seasonable at Christmas time, particularly wnen a steady person is present U> call ‘fire,’ and prevent mischief; though I almost fear that to ex press such an opinion is likely to bring me into dis repute with the the young elegantes , and those smart juvenile gentlemen who come under the denomina tion of little dandies —troublesome monkeys ! I could better by a thousand times, endure a good romping boy, than a mincing, finiken, perking, bow ing, simpering Jemmy Jessamy, with kidded hands, perfumed hankerchief, and empty head. But lam sure all little creatures, roly-polys under eight, will forgive me, ay, and love me too, for tolerating blind, man’s buff.— Mrs. Hall. NO. 40.