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VOL. 2. For the Georgia Citizen. Farewell. BY J. T. SCOTT. If there is a word that touches the heart, Or shadows the visions of hope and of joy, Or causes the spring of remembrance to start, Or evinces that pleasure lias much of alloy, More than this one sad word, when solemnly said, By those whom we love as words ne’er can tell, Wo yet have to learn it; and, then, can we dread Its utterance as much as parting ‘Farewell ?’ Hie lover, when leaving the maid, whom he loves With affection as pure, as affection can be, Breathes with a sigh, as lie sorrowfully moves, From her presence to objects he loves not to see. The husband departing far from his drar mate And children, will speak a tender ‘farewell,’ Lie his hand shall unfasten the oft opened gate, Which leads him from whence his heart's idols dwell. When file tocsin of war is summonsing loud All valorous spirits to take up the sword, Brave sons, to shield parents ’neath the load of age bowed, Will haste to the summons, ‘farewell’ their last word. ‘Farewell!’ the aged lather will say to his son, After he has cheered him to raise his strong arm ; ‘Farewell !’ breathes the mother to her valiant one. Alter invoking God, to preserve him from harm. -Farewell!’ ’Tis a word we love not to hear; For oh! it hath power to sad Jen the heart, To usher a sigh, to bring lorth a tear, And memories recall ne'er more to depart. There is but one time to lisp its sad sound, The hour when death shall ring its loud knell Then lot it be breathed to friends gathered round, In sweetest of accents: ‘Farewell! Fare you well!’ The Lady and the Russian Emperor. Letters from Petersburg, dated July 20th, give an account of the following very mysteri ous and interesting occurrence: — Towards the middle of last month, (says the writer,) the arrival of the Hon. Mr. U. 1, an Englishman of high connections and great wealth, who was accompanied by his wife and I her sister, Lady Helen B 1, promised to j give great eclat to the season, since it had been i announced that the Honorable gentlemen had votne for the purpose of giving a round of fetes, for the magnificence of which lie is so justlv renowned in England. In due time Mr. R—l was presented to the Emperor, who on first see ing Lady Helen, seemed so much struck by her grace and beauty that he bestowed upon her those very pointed attentions which not alone are a mark of respect, but also of a more fervid feeling. Festivities soon commenced, and it was remarked that His Majesty went with more zeal into these enjoyments, but rare ly staid anv length of time unless Lady Helen was present, when he would remain longer than even the most liberal observance ot etiquette warranted. About a week ago, (July 13th,) a State Bail was given at the Palace. Mr. It. 1 an 1 his ladies were invited, and soon after 1 1 o'clock repaired to the gorgeously decorated Saloon-. Mr. R 1, who had observed the singular con duct of the Emperor towards his sister-in-law, had announced his departure on the day follow ing, for although from the well established moral excellence of llis Majesty, lie could harbor no feelings of his distrust towards him in regard to Lady Helen, be found it necessary to silence the reports which seemed to be rap idly gaining ground. Their presence at the Rail was their l ist appearance -it the Saloons of royalty, thereby rendering the event all the more interesting. The Emperor is a line man, as fine a one as you can pick up during a day’s walk in any quarter of the globe, but on this night he looked really magnificent, as leading the lady of the Austrian Ambassador, lie en tered the Saloons, where the crowd fell back to give way to the mighty one. As lie passed Lady Helen, who was leaning on the arm of the young Prince Woronsehelfi, he gave her a look so full of meaning as to cause her face to he sutfused with blushes. On he went, the dia mond decked multitude blocking up the pas sage which had just been formed for him, eager to catch one more sight of him who reigns su premely over fifty millions of his fellow men, and whose will at home, has never yet been questioned. It was shortly after midnight, when Mr. R—l, after having been in search of his fair sister-in law. was accosted by Prince WoronscheiF, who asked him why Lady Helen had left so soon. “belt so soon!” inquired Mr. R 1, “why, ,-where can she have gone to alone ?” ** 4ou sent a message to her,’’replied the Prince, “requir ing her to return home at once, and that you “ould soon follow. She seemed disappointed, hut left since you wished it.” “ When, where!” gasped Mr. R !, scarcely able to master bis agitation. “ I saw her cross the Newsky Per spective,” said the Prince, who had handed her to the carriage. Mr. K 1 heard no more. Hastening down the magnificent marble steps of the Palace he reached the square, where several officers of the guard stood in close conversation, holding their chargers by the bridle. Vaulting into tliesad dle of one, to the infinite surprise of the owner, ho rode vent re a ter re across the Perspective, jden, on reaching the corner of the Promenade, 1 ’ saw a coach drive swiftly down the street, after halting a moment to pick up a tall figure enveloped in a large military cloak. A few mo ments sufficed for Mr. R Ito overtake the c °aeh, and forcing the blinds down, he saw his ’ ‘jor-in-law before him, in company with the ir '” person, before alluded to, whose face, hovv eVf-r < was entirely covered by the collar of his Ci otk. “Pul! up,’’ shouted Mr. R 1, at the time drawing a pistol from the holsters; Rmn no answer. Presently the inmates of the Cf, ach, which went along at furious speed, heard e report of a pistol, succeeded by a heavy fall, t l,O horses, no longer lashed, came to a stand an d the next instant Mr. R 1 tore open A'jeoach door, and handed out his sister-in-law. , 110 ai 'e you sir,” he asked of the tall person - ,|J had remained motionless, but now left the 1 : Fa by the opposite poor. There was no an a shrill cry, such as is only heard in file n^ erness ot ’ Russia and in the deserts of a^,’° Us quarters, whence squadrons of horses coders of police came to the spot. A p k ae °| indescribable confusion ensued. Mr. had seized the mysterious stran £o ‘ s d ’ ’ n she actot pounding him to his heart’s W^ltn himself seized from be-j . and a deep voice whispered in his ear, j ‘, v ~' lre - At the same time a rush was made \ J ‘- military towards the spot where Mr, I R 1 and the tall stranger were standing; they were separated, and Mr. R 1 saw his opponent no more. Lady Helen, on being asked, could not give any clue as to who he was, since he had only ju<t before the rescue by Mr. R 1 en tered the coach, and had not exchanged a sin gle word with him. It was remarked by those who were present at the Imperial Bali that night, that the Em peror was absent lor more than an hour from the scene of festivity. When at last he re-ap peared, he seemed confused and excited ; the news ot the attempted abduction of Lady He len had also meanwhile reached the Saloon, and was received by his Majesty with a coldness which ill compared with the feeling that he had theretofore evinced towards her. Early on the follow ing morning, Mr. R 1 made a formal complaint through his Ambassador, but altlio’ every assistance was promisee!, the affair was shrouded in too deep a mystery for even the l'eteisburgh police, and no trace of the offender could be discovered. Mr. R 1 and his fair compagnons de voyage left Petersburgh, and have returned to England. The Old Story Rook, Some years ago, when on a summer excursion I stopped for a few days with a friend who kept a boarding school for girls. While - there, I was invited to preach for the minister of the place. Iwo ot the boarding school misses, whose acquaintance 1 had made, went to the lecture, tor the purpose of hearing me. I read, as the foundation of the lecture, Ezekiel’s de scription ot the valley of vision, the dry bones rising up suddenly to life. On our return, one ot the girls said to me, “What a wonderful story that was you told us. Can it be true ?’ 1 assured them it was a true story; but they could hardly believe it, and wondered where 1 got it. I told them 1 found it in an old book that was full of the most interesting stories 1 bad ever seen. ‘ Oh,’ said they, “it must be a wonderfully interesting book. How we should like to read it.'’ ‘AVell,’’ i replied, “you may read it if you like, lor it is a very common book, and you may find a copy of it m almost every house.’’ “Oh, the Bible! the Bible!” they both ex claimed. “ But how is it,” 1 inquired, ‘ if it is in the Bible, that you never heard ot it before ? Did you never read the Bible through ?” “Read the Bible through!” exclaimed the eldest, a sprightly girl of fourteen or fifteen, “Why, 1 never thought of such a thing!’’ 1 think my readers will agree with me, that .she would have been much wiser if she had not only thought of such a thing, but had actually done it many times over. And I should be very much mortified if one of mv children should hear a Bible story related, and not know where it came from. But the only way you can guard again-t thus exposing your ignorance j is, to rea l the Bible Ihromjh in course, A great many children read the Bible only by snatches. They take it up and read a little here or a little 1 tli.-re, but never read a single book through. But in this wav they can never know what the Bible contains. If you were away from home, and your father should write you a letter, would you be satisfied to read a fine or two here, and a sentence there, and then throw it aside ? llf you should do so,you might miss of the most important tiling in the letter. Perhaps he has informed you that he is coming to take you home, and is giving you directions what to do, in order to be ready; but you do not see these directions, and so you will not he ready w hen lie comes. The Bible is a communication from your Father in heaven, in which he gives you directions how 7 to be ready when he shall come to take you home. But if you miss of them, and are not ready when he comes, you will lose that blessed home in the heavens which he has prepared for his children. There are many children who have under taken to read the Bible through by course once a year. 1 am acquainted with a young lady who has read it through ten times, once before she was eight years old, and nine times since reading it through every year for five or six years in succession. It any ot our readers would like to join the band of Bible readers, on the plan of reading it through once a year, we wili put them on the way of doing it. If yon road two chapters in the Old Testament every morning, and one in the New Testament every evening; and after completing the New Testament, read at night in Jeremiah, Lamen tations, and Ezekiel; with two Psalms extra on the Sabbath, you will complete the whole Bi ble in a year. And I can assure you that be sides securing a treasure of wisdom and know ledge, you w ill say after you have read it once, that it is tlie most interesting book in the world. There is no history of equal interest with the Bible histories ; for in them you see the hand of God, tracing out some grand design : and von have God’s word for its truth. There is no romance equal to the true stories of Joseph, Ruth, and Esther. There are no fables of equal interest with the parables of the New Testament. There is no other poetry like the book of Job and the songs of Moses and David. There is no rhetoric that equals the sublime strains of Isaiah. There are no wonders of science equal to the deep mysteries of revealed truth. The Bibl ■is full of the “seed- of tilings.” It is t e foundation of all true knowledge, the basis of all w isdom. It is a shame to be ignorant of it, whatever else you may know. And the more you read it the more deeply will you become interested in it. If you read an entertaining book of man's production once, you are satisfied. You seldom desire to look into it again. But even’ time you read the Book of God, you see new beauties and behold new wonders; and this w ill continue to be increasingly tiue, if you live to be a hundred years old, and read it every day. It is like a mine of gold, and silver, and precious stones, covered over with iron and brass—these heavy metals, the most necessary toman’s use, lying on the surface; the silver arid gold, not absolutely necessary, but very use ful, lying next below ; and then as you dig deep into the mine, every new vein you open ! discovers rubies, and diamonds, and precious I stones, of surpassing excellence and surprising I beauty. A learned Judge asked the witness, “Mr. ; Smith you said you once officiated in the pulpit; ! do you mean that you preached ?” “ No, sir; I held the light for the man what ! did.” “ Ali: the court understood you differently, they supposed that the discourse came from you.” “No sir: I only throwad a little light ou it.” “ Sniffprailcjit in fill tilings —Jirutnil in untiling.” MACON, GEORGIA, SATURDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 4, 1851. Rural Life. This primeval employment of man, is the most healthful of ali occupations—healthful for the body, the mind, and the soul. Yv hat other pursuit by w hich men obtain honest, bread affords such vigorous training for the physical powers, such various, and extensive ranges of mental exercises ? And where may the moral nature of man be preserved unsullied from vice, and grow, and expand more than amid rural scenes and be neath the purest air of heaven i The farmer’s life is not scratch, scratch with the pen-rap, rap, with the hammer —nor an everlasting unpacking and repacking of the pro duct of another’s labor. He walks forth under the open sky, his broad acres spread out be neath his feet; the blue concave sunlit or starlit, orsbruuded iu clouds, is still above him, health claims him as her favorite child, and the glori ous sun loves to kiss a cheek that is not ashamed to wear the ruddy imprint of such affection. Nature’s own inimitable music of babbling brooks, birds, breezes, or rustling foliage, enters his ear on its glad mission to his heart. lie listens to instructive voices,continually speaking from the universe around him. His eye gath ers truth from unwritten pages of wisdom, everywhere open before him. Each day each month, season after season, year after year, these teachings are given to him infinite in va riety and endless in extent. When towards the close of a sultry day the summer’s blessing comes pouring down and as in tli*-- beautiful poetry of the sacred volume, “the trees of the tield clap their hands,’’ and the valleys covered with corn, shout for joy, the farmer, retiring from his labors to the friendly shelter of his cottage roof, improves his leisure hours with the treasures of written wisdom. So too, while his fields are sleeping beneath frost and snow wiiat profession affords more availa ble opportunities for self culture ? Where was tlie lyric poetry composed that makes Scotland prouder of her Burns than of all her ancient race of warelike kings ? Was it not between the handles of the Mossgeil plough ? How John Knox tot a Wife, Knox used to visit Lord Ochiltree's family, preach ing the Gospel privately to those who were willing to receive it. The lady and some of the family were converts. Her ladyship had a chamber, table, stool aud candlestick for the prophet, and one night at sup per, says to him, ‘Mr. Knox, 1 think you are at a great loss bv want of a wife,’ (lie was then a widower) to which he said, ‘Madam, 1 think nobody will lake such a wanderer as I,’ which she replied, ‘Sir, if that be your objection I'll make inquiry to find tin answer gainst our next meeting.’ Tlie lady accordingly addressed herself to her eld est daughter.telling her she might be very happy if she could marry Mr. Knox, who would be a very great re former, anJ a credit to the church; but she despised the proposal, hoping her ladyship wished her better than to marry a poor wanderer. The lady addressed herself to her second daughter, who answered, as the eld? yt. Then the lady spake to her third daughter, about nineteen years of age. who very frankly said, ‘Mad am. I'll be very willing to marry him, bull fear lie’ll not take me,’ to which the lady replied, ‘lf that be all vour objection, I’ll soon get you an answer.’ Next night at supper, the lady said to Mr. Knox, ‘Sir, I have been considering upon a wife to you, and one very wil ling,’ to which Knox said, ‘Who is she, Madam ?’ Site answered, ’ ‘Mv youngest daughter sitting by you at table.’ Then addressing himself to the young lady, lie said, ‘My bird, arc you veiling to marry me? She an swered, ‘Yes sir; only I fear you'll not bo willing to take me.’ He said,‘My bird, if you be willing to take me, you must take your venture of God’s providence as I do. Igo through the country sometimes on my feet, with a wallet on my arm, a shirt, a clean band, and a Bible in it; you may put something in it for yourself; and if 1 bid you take the wallet, you must do it, and go where I go, and lodge where I lodge.’ ‘Sir,’said she, ‘l’ll do all this.’ ‘Will you be as good as your word?’ ‘Yes I will.’ Upon which the marriage was con cluded, and she lived happily with him, and hod sever al children by him. She went with him to Geneva, and as she was ascending a hill, as there ate many near that place, she got up to the top of it before him, aud took the wallet on her arm, and sitting down said, ‘Now, good-man, am I as good as my word ? She afterwards lived with him when lie wax minister at Edinburgh. Fulton and Cbauccllor Livingston. Tlie following interesting incident, which occurred in the early history of contemplated steam navigation, has been communicated to us by an old Knickerbocker, whose memory of past events is fresh in his recollec tion. It brings to tnind tile names of two great men ; one a genius to whom the world is deeply indebted, and the other a name which New Yorkers, at least, will ever remember with pride. They are the names of Robert Fulton and Chancellor Livingston. After Fulton was fully convinced that a steam en gine could be constructed so as to enable him to prove the fact to the world and not being able to satisfy any American capitalist of the feasibility of his discovery, he went to Europe to see if lie could not meet with more encouragement among her capitalists. He wished to test his discovery upon a comprehensive scale. Bui he returned unsuccessful ; having met only the deri sion usually applied to Utopians and monomaniacs. Ou his return to this city he accidently met in Broad way, near Rector street, Chancellor Livingston, who accosted him thus : ‘Well, Fulton, you have been to England and France and as lam informed yon have been unsuccessful. Do you still hold the opinion that vessels can be propelled by steam ?’ *1 do,’ said Fulton. ‘ Well, then,’ said Fulton, ‘how much do yon want for the experiment?’ ‘I want,’said Fulton ‘fifty thousand dollars!’ The reply of Livingston was one that justly entitles him to tlie lasting admiration of posterity. ‘Call at my office,’ said he, ‘to-morrow morning at ten o’clock, and receive my cheek for the amount.’ Fultou did call, and he did get that check. Thi> enabled him to build one or two boats, and the reality of his discovery wa proved to the woild. This crazy man suddenly became an astonishing genius. A boat was built, called the Chancellor Livingston, which ran between this city and Albany. The Hudson river slioulJ always have on its waters a boat called the Chancellor Livingston—a man who had intelligence enough to distinguish true genius from visionary en thusiasm. and liberality and patriotism sufficient to sup ply the means to enable that genius to show itself, : and confer upon posterity untold benefits, should never be forgotten. If poor John Fitch, who predicted, many years be fore Fulton's discovery, that rivers would yet be navi gated by steam, and whose superior sagacity was met only by derision and contempt, bad hud a Chancellor Li vington as a friend, the steam engine would have been twenty-five years older than it now is. But poor Fitch died in obscurity, and was buried on the bank of one of the Western rivers, where, night and day state lysteamboats pass his siient grave.—A. Y. Dispatch, \ Pretty Thoughts. What is crime ? A wretched vagabond, trav elling from palace to place in fruitless endeavor to escape from justice, who is constantly engaged in hot pursuit; a foe to virtue and happiness though at times the companion of poor in nocence. which is to often made to suffer for the guilty. What is thought? A fountain from which flows all good and evil intentions—a mental fluid, electrical in tlie force and rapidity of its movements, silently flowing unseen within its own secret avenue; yet it is the controlling power of all animated matter, and the chief mainspring of all our actions. What is happiness? A butterfly that roves from flower to flower in the vast garden of exist ence. and wliiclieagerly pursued by the multitude in the vain, hope of obtaining tire prize ; yet it continually elides from their grasp. What is fashion ? A beautiful envelope for mortality, presenting a glittering and polished exterior, the appearance of which gives no cer tain indication of the real value of what is cott-‘ tained therein. What is wit ? A sparkling beverage that is highly exhilerating and agreeable when par taken at the expense of others; but when used at our own cost it becomes bitter and un pleasant. What is knowledge? A key that unravels all mysteries, which unlocks the entrance, and discovers new, unseen, and untrodden paths in the hitherto unexplored field of science and literature. What is fear? A frightful substance to the j really guilty, but a vain and harmless shadow to the conscientious, honest, and upright. What is joy ? The honey of existence, really beneficial and agreeable when partaken of in moderation, but highly injurious when used to excess. Fertility of Eastern Texas. The following letter gives a glowing account of the fertility ot the great eastern region of Texas: Shreveport, July 2, l^ol. .‘vis. Pic.—As i have set apart an hour or two for the purpose of writing to friends, a few I lines may not he uninteresting to yourselves. ! I have this spring had occasion to travel over j a con-idcralde portion of Eastern Texas, and prompted by natural inclination have made close observations as to the agricultural ca pacity of tho country. I think it the best cotton region that l have overe seen. Tlie lands generally arc well located, very produc- i live, easily brought into cultivation, and pro duce line crops from the first. The soil appears j to he thin and light, but nevertheless very durable. I met with fields that have been cultivated for ten, and some fifteen years with out any care for the preservation of the soil, and yet in many instances they produce as good ; crops as at first. There are yet larire tracts of this country in a state of, nature, iu conse quence ofiheirdUtenoi’ fV>.iV*aviga.t)!o streams, ft is a great section for rail roads, being near ly level, and having a pieties of good timber to build them. One fact peculiar foTKis country, which makes it so fine for cotton is that the fall or picking season is invariably dry, ena bling the planter to gather, in good season, the most heavy crops. Tho immigration this sea son will be seriously retarded, in consequence of short crops oi com, tho season being entirely j too dry fiir tiiat crop. A few good showers of rain just at this time would produce tire heav iest crop of cotton that lias been made for years. The planters generally <>t this region have made money very rapidly; more so than any where else that i know of. They are beating ilie Red River planters altogether in the way ofelear profits. The planting interest is improving every j year; tho country was settled by a sort of! devil-may-care set of farmers that arc giving way as last as they can, and going west for the purpose of raising stock. I have met with many cotton planters that have been west to look at t lie country and not having been pleased, returned and purchased land east of the Trini ty. I see a movement in the city in favor of a rail road contemplated to pass throug East ern Texas, which l look upon as being a grand project for New-Orleans, and bound to be the most profitable rail road stock in the South. Tlie weather has been fin some time dry, and there is no appearance of rain, it looks as it’the dry season had set in. Yours, J. B. Death of (ooper, me Novelist. James Fennim >re Cooper, E-q., died at Cooperstown, Otsego county, N. Y., on Sunday last. The event was not unexpected, but will not he less regretted. Mr.Gooper has contributed largely to the amusement of readers wherever the English language, is spoken, and no Amer ican has done more to advance the literary reputation ol his country. Mr- Cooper was horn in Burlington county, N. J., on tlie 15th Sep tember, 1789. He was 02 yeas old, lacking a day at the period of his death. The foundation of his farm’ as a novelist was laid by the pro duction of liis Spy, which was followed up speedily by the Pioneer, and the other “Leath er Stockings” tales, and h;s sea novels. He produced thirty-tour novels, besides a Naval History, Travels, &e A writer in the Inter national Magazine, in reviewing Mr. Cooper’s works, says: “There was not a language in Europe in which all his novels, alter the publication of the “Red Rover,’ did not appeal almost as soon as they were printed m London, He has been the chosen companion ot the prince and the ! peasant on the borders of the Volga, the Dan- j übe, and Guadalquiver; by the [dus and the j Ganges, the Paraguay Mid the Amazon, where j the name even of Washington was never spo- i ken, (?) and our country is known only as the i home ol Cooper. The world has living no oth er writer whose lame is so universal. We may add that among the early admirers of Cooper, as a novelist was the late Col. Trumbull, the historical painter, whom we havp heard express his preference for Cooper’s novels, even over those of Sir Walter Scott.” Prentice of the Louisville Journal is partic ularly severe on the Chivalry of South Caro, olina. One of the Charleston papers came out recently in favor ol a Railroad to connect South Carolina snd Kentucky, upon which Prentice makes the following remarks ; “We do not know what the South Carolina traitors want a railroad to Kentucky for. If they undertake to carry out their treason, our Kentuckians! will not visit their state by railroad or other- i wise, except for the purpose of thrashing them, and in the event of their making their appear- j ance here, we shall be sure to farnilliarize ; their necks with our great staple as fast as we j catch them.” ijDBHsuL From the London Times. American Fugitive Slave Law. At a meeting of tho Cork Anti-Slavery Society, held at Lloyd’s Hotel, May 27 4851, Jus. Lampkin, ! Esq. Mayor of Cork, in the Chair, the following re | solutions, proposed by Andrew F. Roche and second ed by Alexander King, was unanimously adopted : “ Resolved, That we have observed, with pain and sorrow, the course pursued by the Legislature of the i United States with reference to slavery and thereby ex- ‘ press our deep abboreuee of some of its recent enact- I ments, more especially of the inquitous Fugitive Slave Law, passed during the last session of the Congress, which affords so strong an evidence of the continued and determined opposition of that Government to a j course consistent with justice d.al mercy, that we can not but consider it a willful perseverance in an unright eous system, which lias been long proven to be not less at variance with the soundest principle* of enlight ened policy than repugnant to the plainest obligations 1 of morality and religion.” The following, proposed by Riuhard Bowden and seconded by Nicholas Peterson, was also unanimously adopted. “ Resolved , That we desire to express our heart i felt sympathy with tho millions of our oppressed fellow ; I men still held in chains in that land of boasted freemen, j as well as with the Anti-Slavery cause throughout I America, whom we would fain cheer on their arduous ’ struggle on behalf of Huff ring humanity, amid the dif ficulties and perils which surround them ; and weear ! nestly beseech our fellow professors of the Christian name in that country to put away from them this enor- I tnous evil, and to afford every assistance to those noble— ; minded men who are laboring to efface from the na tional escutcheon so deep and foul a stain,” And the following, proposed by Win. Docble and seconded by Farmer Lloyd, was in like manner adopt ied: *‘ Resolved, That these resolutions be advertised in : each of tlie true leading Cork papers, as in n leading journal in Dublin and London, and that the Secretary be directed to take steps to have them published as ex | tensively as possible in the United States newspaper press, and also transmit a copy to the Secretary of the j British and Foreign Anti-slavery Society. JAMES LAMBKIN, Chair. Samvel Beale, Secretary. The ignorance and impertinence, not to say ingrati-J tude, which these Cork showmans exhibit iu the above j resolutions, are well rebuked iti the following commit- j mention from Joseph Brenan, an honest young Ire- ! lander, who has been an exile from liis country since j 1848 : New York, .June 22, 1851. Good Corkonians :—Your ‘resolutions’ have been widely copied in this city, and have gone far to make Ireland more contemptible than ever—a somewhat dif ficult feat. You have contrived to offend men who were inclined to bo your best friends, to injure your mercantile interests, and to make yourselves rather ridiculous. lam sorry for it—l know some of you who took part in those ‘resolution.’ intimately, and respect your character ; I believe you to be sincere and honest, but I cannot help regarding you—A. F. Roche, tlie ‘Rescue of Cork,” included—as deplorably ignor ant of domestic or foreign polities. I am not wroth with your affection for the negro. Certainly it does not cost any thing.—lt never took a cent from the pocket of O’Gouncii, though it injured the nationality of lielanl. ’Tis the cheapest indul gence of philanthropy which can be imagined; but tho cheapness is only for the moment. I- you were wise merchants, and understood the importance of making your harbor a port for American trade, and consequent ly of eschewing insult to the American people, you would perceive how expensive such sympathy might become. But the argumentum ad crunenom is despised in this age of civilization and ‘spiritual’ developments.— Perhaps justly. I, for one, would avoid it if possible, and only hint tit it now. I remember that Richard Do vden—one of your resolvers —often contended in the ‘Cork Scientific and Literary Association’ that a man should endeavor to understand a subject before disscussing it. I regret that he has not followed his own rule. For, 1 may be allowed to ask, what do you, individually or collective ly, know about this question of American slavery ? Let me catechise you in detail. Ist. Do you know that tlie slavery question is the most important question in the domestic politics of America ? 2d. Do you know that continued agitation of this question endangers tlie safety of this Government risks the happiness of twenty-four millions of people for tlie immediate realization of a crotchet, and threat ens the stability of republicanism in its iast and noblest stronghold ? 3d. Do you know that ‘the friends of the anti-slave ry cause throughout America’ are the very worst ene mies of the negro—the men who are doing most to prevent the etnaiic pation of the slaves and the settle ment of the question—aristocratic dclcttunti, who are monarchists in faith and agitators by profession ? Or can it bo possible that you are still, after fifty years’ somewhat experience, enamored followers of agita tion ? 4th. Do you know that said ‘friends’ are, for the most part, English by birth or descendants of the tory opponents of the revolution, paid—yes, absolutely paid, many of them, George Thompson and Garrison, for instance—to embarrass the American ‘legislature’—as you cull it—and involve the Republic iu difficulties ? That their cue is to fiing dirt on the graves of Wash ington and Jefferson ; to attack the Constitution which has sheltered your countrymen from the effects of the ‘liberty’ which you enjoy at home, and to trumpet the honor, mercy and glory of England, to all the long ears which are ready to listen to their treason ? sth. Do vou know that your ‘fellow professors of tlie Christian faith’—as you term them —are in the habit of asserting that ‘Jesus Christ is the principal slave holder m America?’ for, I assure you, I have heard the assertion made by the > orophaeus ot Abolitionists, Win. Lloyd Garrison. Christ is by no means as pop ular with them as the negroes. I have little doubt but that they will regard you —tlie authors of those childish resolutions—as much greater philanthropists than the Redeemer. Don’t be shocked—what I tell you is true. 6th. Do you know that immediate emancipation of the slaves would be very likely to prnvo disastrous to the Southern planter—to produce a chaos, the predo minant hue of which would be red —to realize the worst that humanity can endure—a revolution with out ideas ? If you do not know thi3 ;as of course vou don’t—l recommend you to pay a visit to the Cork Library and read a chapter on the subject in De Toc qaeviile’s work on America. 7th. Bo you know that England is endeavoring at this moment to dismember the American Union and trample tho last flag of Republicanism, by playing a ciever double game—appealing to the South on the score of mercantile interests and promising great things in return fur secession, and appealing to the North against the sin of slavery and the miseiable condition; of the plantation negroes? You may not credit this though I believe she tried the same course with you, succeeded in making you quart o! ore with another, oad stood by, crying ‘sesss, at him boys,’ while you were tearing each other to pieces. Bth. Do you know that the Southern slaves are ac tually led ? Did that white slave, who applaudeJ your fine sentiments enthusiastically, cheer for you on good dinner or an empty stomach ? I think on the latter. Stripes on the back ? Good God, what is the bite of a whip to the bite of famine ? 9th. Do you know that Southern slaves can and do acquire property, and frequently make sufficient, by working after hoars, to purchase their liberty if they please, but which they generally do not? 10th. Do you not believe—be candid now—that you | have male esses of yourselves? If you do not, you i arc alone in your disb-lief. I would append another catechism to the above, touching white slavery, if I had leisure. As it is, I must find time for a few queries. I pray you. for the * k of vour own credit, for the sake of classic old Cork— the well woo fame of which 1 am proud—think se i mslyof them, and do nut fly into'}, pwion and twid dle, as you are very likely to do. Ist. Are not you, Robert Lambkin, and you, Rich ard Bowden, and you, A. F. Rocha, despised, down troden, spat-upon s aves? Have secuiity in your homes or in your souls ? Have you a characteristic ot fr**’ 1 m nb. at yon? Ido not refer to you iudividual -1; • oil!! of you, at least, cannot ba blamed—but 1 . speak of nli Irishmen. Do you suppose thataSou’h | ern slave would change his quarters with the p ople who throng your streets, shivering before your ‘honors, 1 and bogging a ‘ha’penny for God’s sake?’ Yah ! yah ! J guess he'd show his teeth and shake his jolly plump double-ehin at the proposition. No, a negro does undervalue his dinner; ho objects in principle to starvation ; and in absence of the ordinary amount of nutriment, I believe he would not have as much ‘patience and perseverance’ in breaking old inroads on 1 living upon nir as some people I wot of. 2J. Do you imagin j that the world regard yon a* men? lam sorry your imaginations ore so powerful. You are looked upon as dogs, and r.re treated ns such. You are kicked, and you only snarl; you are kicked again, and you only show your teeth ; you arc kick’ <1 | more frequently, and you run round the corner—you never bite. Di you, Richard Bowden? you know something of Repeal agitation, and can answer. And you talk of American slavery ! God help your fool ish heads, and tench you to look at home. 3d. W ould it not be o tter for you to forge one pike or point a gun against the monopolists of your country, who murder the people wholesale, and little of ktio.king tho life out of a peasant as I would of knocking the ashes out of my pipe, and straw the walls of the houses and ilia hones of the serfs over your rich fields would it not be wiser to do that than spend your time in abusing America, which has dragged your brothers out of tho grave by the hair of their beads, and fed you—aye, fed you, paupers as you are— when corn was rotting iu your granaries, and yon were too cowardly, too debased, with too much of snake’s blood in your dastard veins, to touch a single grain of? Pah ! you are the laughing stock of the world. A nation of asses would show more manhood and more com mon sense. 4th. Does not charity begin at homo ? llow do you pay your tradesmen and laborers—do you give them wages, and enable them to live as men ? No. A negro man would save more money iu a month than your drudges would collect in n lifetime. And vet yon regard the American legislature with ‘abhorrence.’— l Hike yours, :< never taught us tho os igiiiation of fa mine. sth. If you must turn your hands to the trade of emancipation, why not adopt resolutions, and better than that, carry them out—to emancipate the lb msands of your countrymen who are now rotting in the poor house—running blind from disease, (as I read in one of your papers.) shrunken, withered wretches, shriv elled up like burnt paper—no? men, but hideous ghosts of men, with rubbish for brains and mud for blood— Wity don’t you emancipate thorn? If your sympathy is exclusively confined to tlie sable hue, why not take blacking brushes and rob their faces into darkness ? You can then regard them as negroes, and 1 assure you you will flatter th-m much by so doing. Satis superque. i would say more, though, if I were allowed. My pen runs nimbly on this subject, for I feel wiiat I say. But I must stop somewh re, and do so now by asking you, fathers and sons of slaves, to do something for yourselves before you begin to express “your abhorrence* of America. Your fellow-townsman, JOSEPH BRENAN. Gov, McDonald's Views on Seicssian. We are iglail to have the views of the South ern Rights candidate for Governor under his own hand : “I maintained the right of secession, fur cause, of the existence and sufficiency of which the people of a State in their sovereign capaci ty, were the exclusive judges. In the exercise ol it, they could not be controlled bv the judg ment of others; that it was absurd to say that a man had the right to do a thing, and that another should say that he had no such right and not permit him to enjoy it. 1 illustrated by putting this case: If Seward, Gid dings, Wilinot, Hale, Chase ds Cos., acquire sufficient power to abolish shivery in this State, and raise negroes to an equality with white persons, and Georgia were to deem that sufficient cause to secede from the Union, for the purpose of tak ing care of her honor and her rights, and ap peal to the same men to know if the wrongs they had inflicted justified the measures we had aduptf J, they could be little doubt about the y ;ment they would pronounce. They would decide against the sufficiency of the cause, l .by admitting it, they would condemn thernselv s. I maintained that a right was a perfect thing. That there was no right, if it could not be exercised but at the pleasure of others. As 1 have been farced to this statement, I will say additionally, that on the establishment of the right of secession for sufficient caus-% of which the people are to judge for themselves, independent of all control of others, depen J the rights of the people under our Govern ment. Establish the doctrine that the other States have the right to say that it shall uot be exercised, and you deprive the States of all remedy tor political wrongs and oppressions. They must submit to any aggression inflicted bv a majority, or, if they wish to relieve them selves of it, it cannot be done bv an appeal to the God of battl-'s. There will’ be an end of State sovereignty and State rights, if this doc trine prevails, and if the tilne should come that powers delegated, entrusted to the Government for the protection of the people of each State delegating it, and all the States, should be so used by a corrupt majority’ in the Government, as to inflict the most insupportable wrongs on the people, and that the people cannot re-as same as peaceably as they delegated those [lowers abusively’ used, our Government be comes a despotism at once, and the sun of po litical arid constitutional liberty will go down in revolution and blood. Charles J. McDonald. Marietta, Ga., Sept. 8, 1851. This letter sela at rest the question of Gov. McDonald's position ou the exclusive right of judgment, lie asserts and re-asserts it, as not only the ti uih, hut essential, fundamental truth, ihe assertion of the right of the “other States'* he considers fatal. In fact, there will, in his opinion, “be an end of State sovereignty and State rights, if this doctrine prevails.” Gov. McDonald is therefore distinctly committed to the doctrine of the exclusive right of judgment. This doctrine we do not hesitate to pumounco as utterly repugnant to authority as it is to principle and to common sense. It is no more justified by the principle* of the Republican party, than would the a*sumptiou of the right of repudiation of the public debt of a State. If no d.sliuct condemnation of the doct.iue could be found in the resolutions of tue itvpuohcan party, it might be easily accounted for, on the ground that tue claim is too preposterous to have been advanced oy any party less despe rate than the present bout hern Rights party of Georgia. Dveii the refuge of silence i- denied them, however, by the IT-publican party. The Kentucky resolutions oi 17yd. drawn by Mr. Jvihosou, distinctly am. in the right of such party to judge tor itself, not only of infractions but oi the inode and measure of redress. The very words “ereh party’’ indicates that there are two partus. Uuo the other party in the Controversy is, is <Jijtiiictly laid down in the following quotation from those resolutions: “ That to this compact each State acceded as a State, and is an integral party, ns Co-States FORMING AS TO ITSELF THE OTHER PARTY. That the Government created by this compact was not made the exclusive o a final judge of the extent of the powers delegated to itself; since that would have made its discretion, aiid not the Constitution the measure of its powers; but that as in ait other cases of compact among parties having no common judge lach party has an equal right V- judge for itself, as well 1 of infractions, as of the mode and measure of redress.’ ihe Virginia resolutions, and the report of 99 explicitly regard the States a* parties, and no where claim any exclusive right to any one State or number of States. Come to the contest of 1332 and 3, it will be found that the positions of the most extreme State flights men never leached the absurdity of claiming the exclusive right, if Gov. Mc- Donald’s doctrine be a lot of State right*, than such men as Calhoun, Troup and Coudy Ra gust, have no title to the name of State Rights men. Madison and Jefferson having already been expelled from the Republican party, and the claims of Calhoun, Troup and a host of others, formerly considered almost too ortho dox, and bending rather the other way, being rejected, what names and what company will be left for Gov. McDonald, the head of the new school ? It w ill sink beneath contempt. We have shown (August 30th, l8oI.) that Calhoun held “the resuun lion bv a Sla;eof her delegated powers a breach of compact,'for which the States as a community would be responsi bie, and notits citizens.” Mr. Calhoun i-.xpiv-;- . ed himself aiso in the following strong language: “He could not conceive of a division with out giving an equal right to each to judge of the extent of the power allotted to each,*’ Gov. Troup held the equal right of judgra rg in both parties, and expressed <t in the strong \ language: “lbat a Stale, for the violation of the ar - clesof compact, is responsible under the pno lic law to the other State.*, as between so eigns, be compelled to make repamtion for injury or damage which may ensue t. tneiu . i consequeuce of such violaiieu*; and t iat t.. * is one of the great securities against iia-ty u.._ precipitate action ou the part of the States. ’ Extreme a* he was in .some of his opinions. Gov. Troup held not cidv the right of th • cn .stales to judge lor themselves, oiit to “d*- fit .i; 1- ‘ satisfaction,” and “to go war.” Gov Tfouj denied tile right ot the Genera! ( rove ri: irr-- nt, but never the right of the otln-r States. Goody Rag net, in the Examiner of Februa ry 4th, 18-15, when opinions had had an ample opportunity to mature, after the arching investigation of the questions involved, by the ablest minds of the nation, di>cuss.\s the quc-- tion of umpirage in thecas of “disputed pow er b tween a State and the Federal Govern ment,” and arrives at the following conclusion : V\ here (lien should we look for .111 umpire? Would any State of the Union consent that her liberties and lights should be placed at the arbitrament of any foreign power { We judge not, and as we can conceive of no i..;!,. r m*Vd’ of umpirage, we are forced to the conclusion that ti:e safest policy won Id ie 1 o leave the ques tion open as it is at {-•resent The right of wil tuul control ’ appears to us, to be the very con servative principle oi our .sy-t- in."’ Gov. McDonald has emerged from the low-- est depths of Fedeiali -in, to t ach Gov. Troup tuat what iie considered “one of the great se curities against hasty a id prec pitatc action the part of tlie Slates, is in reahtv “an eoU of State sovereignty and Slate Rights.’’ lie has risen to rebuke Goody Rtgu>-t, by assuring him that be is mistaken m considering “the righfc I if mutual control, the very conservative pna c pie o. our system,” and that >;> the contrary, upon independence of all control “depend the ngats of :he people unik-rour Governtieeut.” He ha- purged himself of Federalism, by be coming an anarchist. The immense momen tum he acquired in his sudden leap has earned niin beyond all bounds, —he has overleaped Republicanism aud fallen on the other side, and finds hiinseii cow the advocate of anarchy and absurdity, a id w.th the. warmth of anew con vert. virtually accusing"the most extreme State Rights men of ignorance of tiie Right of the : Stales, and denying the doctrines of the Vir ginia and Kentucky Resolutions. Not even the opinions of individual men of the extreme wing of the State Rights party—in lien less the well considered positions of the States above named, orw tiie State Rights Convention of Georgia in 1a33, sustained the claim, prepos terous on its face, oi tue exc'nsive right of ei ther party to a contract, to judge of its infract tion or of the mode and measure of redress. t Chronicle <& Sentinel. Tns CiiA.SGE IN NoitT/tSJIN SENTIiISNT. Th® Huntsville Adv.x > ate i-f the 10th insiani says : W hare been permitted torn ike the following extras: from a private letter of Gen. Cass, to Col. Clemons. It is strongly confirmatory of the other accounts of the great change going on at the North up .n the subject of sla very, which we are constantly receiving “ And there is a better feeling at the North, and though fanaticism will talk end write, still there is just as little probability of oar interfering with your slaves, as there Is of your interfering with cur house-- and land*,"’ NO. 27.