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LEADER-TRIBUNE, Thursday, April 26, 1956
THE LEADEEflUmJW
Published Weekly on Thursday Established 1888
DANIEL Iv. GRAHL, Editor
Entered as Second Class Matter at the Post Office in Fort Vail Georgia, under j
the Act of March 3, 1879. ey,
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YOUR SHERIFF
(The following article, taken
from the Florida Peace Officers’
Association Magazine, with a few
minor changes and additions, is
reproduced here and paid for by
Peach County Sheriff W. H. Bee
land as a public service.
—The Editor.)
The office of Sheriff in the
State of Georgia is authorized
and established by the Constitu¬
tion of 1776. This Constitution
provides that a sheriff shall be
elected in each county for a term
of four years and that his powers,
duties, and compensations shall be
prescribed by law.
It is interesting to note that the
office of sheriff is one of ancient
origin. The word “sheriff” is an
English word, a coined word that
comes from two English words,
“scyre” meaning “shire” which is
the equivalent to our state area
known as county or in Louisiana,
parish, and “reeve” which means
“keeper. These were put to
gether to read “scyre-reeve” or
-1 shire-reeve’’ and later contracted
into ‘sheriff.”
The Sheriff is the oldest consti¬
tutional law enforcement officer
in the United States. Some au¬
thorities say he had a counterpart
in the old Roman pro-consul. In
old England the sheriff represent¬
ed the king in the shire. The nd
bHity who ruled the shires in
England often made report# that
were false and the king could not
be sure that affairs were going as
they should. So he kept a sheriff
or a “shire-reeve” in each shire
te make report directly to him.
The earls at that time were gain¬
ing power and the sheriff, as a
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man loyal to the king, acted as a
check-rein on that growing power.
In old English shires, the sher¬
iff had rank. English history
pojnts out repeatedly that he out¬
ranked any nohle living in the
shire and was powerful enough to
have a court of his own. Such a
court was what could be termed a
local criminal court. To hold such
a court was one of his original
duties. Equally important were
the obligations imposed upon him
to suppress riots and defend the
country against invasion by ene¬
mies. He was also authorized to
arrest felons, and in the pui’suit
of this duty he could raise the
famous “hue and cry” of citizens
and call out the “posse Comitat
us,” or, as it is known today, a
“posse." He could call out all
males over 15 years of age and
under rank of peer to join the
“posse.” If they did not respond
to his summons they could be
fined and jailed.
During the time that the sheriff
was the king’s man he was one of
three carefully selected for the
king by the Lord Chancellor and
a group of judges. After they
made the nominations, the king
made the appointment in the fall
of the year, usually on All Soul’s
Day. The sheriff at one time was
compelled to be a member of the
national church of England and
no man could accept appointment
to office unless he had taken the
Sacrament within the year prior
to assuming office.
In some British shires, after
the office became an elective one,
the sheriff had to be a property
holder. Some shires, or counties
as we call them, made it manda¬
tory he hold land worth $1,500.
In London, at one time, the prop- f
?rtJ q "' i “ ns 1 >k “ ff
was $50,000. Later that figure
was boosted to $100,000.
In time the office of shei un
der English law, ceased to be ap
pointive. The freeholders in Eng- ]
land were franchised and they, j
in officers. turn, elected their own shire j
When that change oc
curred, the term of office of sher¬
iff soon was limited to one year.
The sheriff and his staff were in¬
eligible for election during the
next two years. There was an
interesting interval between the
time the sheriff was appointed by
the king and elected by the free¬
holders. During that time, the ap¬
pointment of the sheriffs went to
the Queen. The Lord Chancellor
and the Lord Chief Justice, with
the advice of others, would select j
the names of three men one of i
whom was to serve as sheriff of i
the the shire three for nominees one year. were Names written of j
on slips of paper and turned face j
down. The Queen would take a'
bodkin, a type if needle, and stick |
it in one of the three slips and the !
man whose name was pierced be¬
came sheriff. This method may
have saved the sheriff campaign
expenses but the appointment had
its drawbacks. Due to the cere- ,
menials connected with the office,:
the sheriff had to be a wealthy
man. He had no expense account.
Dozens of costumes for different
occasions were required and the
salary was practically nothing.
Even today, in England, though
the office is elective, there are few
c-andidates and sometimes none, so
the sheriff must be appointed.
The City Corporation of the City
of London is entitled to two elect
ed sheriffs and if there are no
candidates, as is often the case,
the sheriffs are appointed. If one
refuses appointment, he is subject
to a fine of 200 pounds unless he
can prove he is worth less than
30,000 pounds.
It is commonly known that the
average citizen of these United
States is not acquainted with the
gene r a 1 duties and responsi¬
bilities of today’s sheriff. It is
interesting to note that the great¬
er part of his duties today are in
the capacity of “keeper of his
county” He is the conservator of
the peace and executive officer of
the courts. He enforces the crim¬
inal luws by the apprehension and
arrest of violators. He attends
the courts and preserves order
therein, and carries out the orders
of the court.
He serves process by which peo-
"p p p ^ T C|
Mr. and Mrs. Edward Barnett
left Sunday for Atlanta where
they attended on Monday and
Tuesday, the Georgia Hairdress
ers’ Convention, Mrs. Joe L.
Douglas, Fort Valley, was their
model in the hair-styling contest,
They returned home Wednesday,
Miss Clifford Murphy returned,
to Durham, N. C., after spending
a week here visiting her mother,
Mrs. W. C. Murphy, Anderson
Avenue, and her sister, Mrs. Tom
Dcnnelly and Mr. Donnelly. While
Miss Murphy was here her moth¬
er had a telephone call from her
son, Lieut. W. L. Murphy, and
Mrs. Murphy who are now in
Guam where Lt. Murphy was sta¬
tioned last December. With them
are their two children, Betty and
Billy. All members of the fam
;i y here had the pleasure of talk
inf , with the ]oved ones in Guam
who are enjoying their stay in
the far-away country,
Mrs. C. L. Wall of Sycamore,
is visiting her sisters, Mrs. J. W.
Lancaster and Mrs. R. C. Hum¬
ber here this week.
Early Sammons of Gordon Col¬
lege, spent the week-end at home
with his mother, Mrs. Ira Sam
rnons > anc * had "hh him as guest
a collegc mate -
pie are brought into court, so that
rights and liabilities may be de¬
termined, and he enforces liabili¬
ties as established by the court.
It is his responsibility to main
tain law and order and to see
that people in his county are pro¬
tected in their persons and prop¬
erty.
He is the keeper of all persons
imprisoned in the county jail and
is responsible for their feeding,
safekeeping and welfare. He must
co-operate with sheriffs of other
counties in serving process in his
county which originates elsewhere.
He must arrest persons found in
his county for whom warrants are
issued elsewhere and cooperate
with the sheriff of the county
where such person is to lie tried.
He performs other duties as the
legislature prescribes and is paid
such compensation as the legisla¬
ture see fit to provide. Often he
performs necessary services at no
charge, because no compensation
is fixed or because the law re¬
quires that such service lie per¬
formed free of charge. He has an
obligation to the public, as well
as to the courts and other enforce¬
ment officers.
As an executive officer of his
county, he must see to it that due
process of law as guaranteed by
the Constitution, is complied with
before any person is deprived of
life, liberty, cr property. The
sheriff is the guardian of the pub¬
lic peace, safety and security.
Many law-abiding citizens spend
a lifetime in a county without ever
coming into contact with the sher¬
iff and, therefore, little realize
the importance of the proper per¬
formance of his duties to their ev¬
eryday lives. Strong local govern¬
ment depends upon the firm and
efficient execution of laws and the
preservation of the public welfare
in the locality.
These functions are the chief
responsibility of your sheriff to
'WE” the people.
SHERIFF TOP MAN”
SAYS FBI AGENT
John K. Mumford, special agent
in charge of the Atlanta FBI of¬
fice, told the Griffin Kiwanis Club
that the responsibility of law en¬
forcement rests with sheriffs, and
that all other law enforcement
agencies are organized to supple¬
ment and aid to the sheriff.
He pointed out that the sheriff
was established as the person
charged with enforcement of laws
under the implications of the Con¬
stitution.
Agent Mumford said that po¬
lice departments, state patrol or
ganizations, state investigation
agencies and the Federal Bureau
of Investigation all were organiz¬
ed to supplement the work of the
sheriff.
The origin of City Police was
when stage coaches and railroads
cause people to need more protec¬
tion at night. The duties of City
Police to enforce all City laws
and also all State violations and
carry all evidence of state viola¬
tions to the Mayor or Recorder.
And it is hi: duty to bind these
cases over to Superior Court. Why
first this should be done; it is the
law. Next if John lives just out
of the City and violate a state law
he goes to Superior Court. If
Henry lives in the City and vio¬
lates a state law within the city
he should go to Superior Court,
for the cities of any County are as
much in the county as a swamp
20 miles from the county site.
Rev. Ncrman E. Hodges and
Eltop Luckie, Superintendent of
the Baptist Sunday School, at¬
tended the two-day Sunday School
Convention in Atlanta the first of
the week.
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Saltines 19*
A & P 16 Oz. Can
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FROZEN BEEF TURKEY, OR CHICKEN
Banquet Pies 8-0*. Pie 19/
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LARGE BANANAS GOLDEN YELLOW 12 1
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Chicken Thighs 139
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Chuck Roast 33 ?