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Sickness Can
Affect Horses
Sleeping Sickness - only
one horse in four is protected
against this ever-present
threat.
The U.S. Department of
Agriculture recommends
that all horses be vaccinated
annually against Equine En
cephalomyelitis (Sleeping
Sickness).
This recommendation is
emphasized by Dr. Ralph
Knowles at USDA’s Animal
and Plant Health Inspection
Service (APHIS). He points
out that the recommendation
includes vaccination against
both Eastern and Western
strains of the disease.
Although there is a trend
toweard routine annual vac
cination, authorities say a
resonable estimate is that
only 20 to 25 percent of the
toal U.S. horse population
now receives this protection.
Dr. Knowles’ advice to
horse owners is wholeheart
edly endorsed by Dr.
Thomas E. Walton at US
DA’s Arthropod-Borne Ani
mal Diseases Research
Laboratory in Denver. Both
call Equine Encephalomye
litis “an ever-present
threat”. The probability of
incidence of this desease in
horses increases signifi
cantly where a large propor
tion of an area’s horse
population is not vaccinated
against it. And, biting in
sects can carry the disease
to humans.
Under the proper condi
tions, every horse, regard
less of breed, age or sex, is
susceptible. The ideal time
for vaccinating is before the
local mosquito season be
gins.
A key vector or carrier in
the transmission cycle is the
mosquito. Birds are the res
ervoir hosts. They introduce
Equine Encephalomyelitis
into an area via mosquitoes
parasitic to birds. Then
other mosquitoes transmit
Sleeping Sickness from birds
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to horses or humans. The
build up and concentration of
infected birds, combined
with large numbers of mos
quitoes, intesifies into explo
sive Encephalomyelitis
incidence. Horses and hu
mans are dead-end hosts.
Mosquitoes can thrive
even in a dry climate if they
can find standing water to
breed in. In the western U.S.,
for example, irrigation ca
nals and reservoirs provide
a perfect base for mosquito
propagation.
Once infected with Equine
Encephalomyelitis, the
horse exhibits various symp
toms including fever, ex
treme nervousness, loss of
appetite, depression and pa
ralysis. Of the three princi
pal strains of Sleeping
Sickness - Eastern, Western
and Venezuelan - the East
ern is the most severe be
cause it usually results in
death in 90 percent of the
cases. The Western form
may leave horses brain da
maged after a prolonged
course of illness, treatment
and apparent recovery. The
Venzuelan strain causes ex
plosive outbreaks with high
equine mortality. It does not
exist in the U.S. at present.
Sleeping Sickness is a dis
ease that affects the horse’s
brain and spinal cord. No
antiviral treatment is avail
able, and permanent dam
age may result if the horse
survives. The only means of
preventing Equine Encepha
lomyelitis is by vaccination.
After the initial immuniza
tion, only an annual booster
is needed.
Combination vaccines now
available also allow the
horse to receive protection
against other major dangers
at the same time it is vacci
nated against Equine En
cephalomyelitis.
Tetanus Toxoid and
Equine Influenza immunity
are also available in combi
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nation with the Encephalo
myelitis vaccine.
Tetanus is one of the most
common and most serious
horse health problems, with
a death rate estimated at 85
percent. The spores of this
organism are found every
where in the soil, only wait
ing for an opportunity to
enter the horse’s system
through a scratch or other
break in foot or hide.
A third disease that is not
normally fatal, but harmful
and preventable, is Equine
Influenza. It is a highly con
tagious disease of the respi
ratory tract that causes
coughing and nasal dis
charge. Usually three to six
weeks are needed for full
recovery. Occasionally a
horse weakened by influenza
is attacked by other diseases
that can result in permanent
lung damage or even death.
Temples Named
To State Board
Dent L. Temples of Vidalia
is the new representative for
the First Congressional Dis
trict on the Georgia Board of
Education. He was ap
pointed by Governor George
Busbee this week. Temples
replaces Roy Hendricks of
Metter who served on the
state board for 15 years and
was chairman for 10 of those
years.
Temples is currently
chairman of the Vidalia
Board of Education and has
served on that board since
1974. He is also vice presi
dent and secretary of Piggly
Wiggly Southern, Incorpo
rated.
In naming Temples, Bus
bee said, “I selected (him)
because he is an objective
thinker and regarded as a
leader in public education
and, more importantly, is a
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HOW EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS TRANSMITS
...disease affects three of four horses
strong supporter of public
education.”
Temple graduated from
Georgia Southern College,
Statesboro, in 1967 and the
University of Southern Cali
fornia, Los Angeles, in 1969.
He has been an active mem
ber of the Georgia School
Boards Association and is a
member of the board of
trustees of the Georgia
Southern College Founda
tion.
Temples is married and
the father of two daughters.
He will begin his state board
duties at the June 11 meet
ing.
An 11.2 percent compensa
tion rate increase for veter
ans, and their surviving
spouses and children is one
of the highlights of VA’s pro
posed 1982 budget.
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THE FORSYTH COUNTY NEWS-WEDNESDAY, JUNE 24, 1981—
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1 t-L-
Keinard Earns
Police Citation
Jim Keinard, special in
vestigator for the Georgia
Department of Revenue, has
received a citations for pro
fessional excellence from
the Michigan Department of
State Police for his role in
cracking a major interstate
check counterfeit ring.
Keinard was presented the
Michigan certificate at a
special ceremony by State
Revenue Commissioner Bill
Strickland. “This is good for
you and good for the Georgia
Department of Revenue,”
commented Strickland in
making the presentation.
Six persons have been con
victed as a result of the
cracking of the ring which
printed and circulated con
terfeit government checks in
Michigan and Georgia. A
seventh case is pending in
court.
PRUITT S 23rd ANNIVERSARY
23rd ANNIVERSARY
PRUITT S 23rd ANNIVERSARY PRUITT'S 23rd ANNIVERSARY
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PRUITT S 23rd ANNIVERSARY
The certificate, issued by
Col. Gerald L. Hough, direc
tor of the Michigan Depart
ment of State Police, reads:
“In appreciaUon of the sup
portive skills contributed
while working in conjunction
with the Michigan State Po
lice. This citation acknowl
edges the professional
excellence displayed in a
united effort.”
Keinard and Frank EUer
bee, an agent for the Georgia
Bureau of Investigation,
were assigned to the case
after a counterfeit state in
come tax refund check was
detected by an Atlanta bank.
They succeeded in cracking
the ring after an intensive
two-week investigation and
helped raid a Detroit, Michi
gan, printing plant where the
checks had been printed.
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PAGE 9A
PRUITT'S 23rd ANNIVERSARY - PRUITT S 23rd ANNIVERS