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SATURDAY, May 24, 1788. . ... . GEORGIA STATE GAZETTE OR M « ■ / «. | * INDEPENDENT REGISTER. , FREEDOM of the PRESS, and TRIAL by JUR Y, to remain inviolate forever. Confiitution of Georgia . 4UGU ST A: Printed JOHN E. SMITH, Printer to the State-, EJfayt, Articles of ! Intelligence , Advertisements, &c. will be gratefully received, and every kind of Printing performed, #» I - « ■ - - ■ ■ . . . "Every one ought to be*employed in fometbing ufefuL THE Hebrews have a faying among them, “ that he who does not bring his son Tup to some business makes him a thief.” Idleness they look on as the ground of all evil, whether public or private, for the mind of mail will be employed, and rather than do nothing, it will work mifchief. The Par thians were such enemies to idleness, that they did not fuffer their children to eat till they had fWCated at their exerciles ; and Sci piq, surnamed Nafica, fearing yeace ftiould introduce this bane into the commonwealth of Rome, said, that he looked upon the Ro mans (after the deftruftion of Carthage) to \)C in greater danger than ever they had been, I for they had no enemies. Idleness heefleem cd a more terrible enemy to the state than 'Carthage had been, though that common wealth had reduced the Romans to the great est extremity. There are some who aftually profefs idlc »efs, who boast they do nothing, thank their stars fhey have nothing to do, and whose existence cannot be'called-any other than a mere nothing; who wake each morn but to enable them to Deep at night; whofs tiudy is only indulgence, who live in a date of stu pidity, and who, when they cease to breathe, ; cannot be said to die, as they never could have been said to have lived. There arc numbers contaminated with this vice, yet think themfelvcs entirely free from jt:—He who spends his whole time in the Rablc and on the coufe, —he who is ever found with cards or a dice box in his hand —he too that flies to a bottle or a ft umpet, to k:ll 1 thought and prevent time’s lying heavy on his hands ; and thole ladies that pass their time in talking scandal, and when that fails divert their time in impertinent visits tofliopkeepera, asking a thousand questions, and tumbl.ng over their goods without even a thought of purchasing any, these may well be ranked among the idle. He that neglefts his du;y and real employment, naturally endeavours to' ■fill his mind with something that wou d bar out the rtflctf ion of his own folly, and does any thing but what he ought to do, with eager diligence that he may keep himfeif in his own favor. Solon introduced a severe law into his com monwealth against idleness, and the Areopa gites (judges in criminal cases) vi e e very vilgiant in enquiring into the life and manners of every particular fubjeri, ami in feeing th s law put in execution, as may be teen by the ■following story: There were at Athens two poor young men, Mendemus and Afclefpiades, who were great- i Ty addiried to the study of philofopby ; they liad no visible means of support, yet kept up their fle(h and colour, looked hale, well and 5n good case. The judges had information giveuthemof the retired life of these two, and ©f their having neither any thing to live on, nor apparently doing any thing to maintain them; consequently, as they could not live, without fubftenancc, they mull have some clandestine means of fublifting. On this in formation the young men were summoned be fore the judges, and ordered to anfwertothe charge i one of theaccufed faying, little cre dit was given to what a man could urge in his ( .©wa defeuce, it being uatur&l to believe, •THE every criminal will either deny or extenuate the crime he is charged with, and as the testimony of a difiuterefted per foil was not liable to fufpiciou, he delired a certain baker, whom he named, might be sum moned and answer for them. The baker being come, he declared that the young men under examination took it by turns to grind his corn every night, and that for the night’s work he evety morning paid the young man who ground at his mill a drachma (or groat.) The judge, iorprifed at their abstinence and industry, ordered a reward of two hundred drachmas to be paid them ou" of the public treasury. Had we these judges among us, how many cheats and sharpers, who live by defrauding the unwary public, would be obliged to lay afnie the name of gentleman,, and work for their livelihood in an honest manner ? And how many fine ladies and gentlemen,- whose whole time is taken up ift doing nothing, would be condemned to some severe penance, which would perhaps awaken them to afeufe of their •being rcafonable beings ? How happy for us would it be if there were laws againfl idleness, and which lhould oblige every man to give an , account of hns time, and be aufwerable for his way of life ? Seneca fays, we all complain 6f the fhort net’s of time, and yet wc have much more than we kuow what ro do with. Our lives are spent either in doing nothing at all, or in doing nothing to the purpose, or else in doing nothing that we ought to do. We are always complaining that our days are few, yet afting as if there would be no end to them. We wiih away whole years, and travel through tune as through a country filled with many wastes and wilds, which we fain would hurry over, that we may arrive at those several lit tle fettiemeurs, yr magmary points of left which Jeem dispersed up and down. Every member of society is under a tacit obligation to contribute to the general good ; he is unjust if he does not, and outfit to be looked upon as a burthetifome member ; and as he will do nothing for the public, ought to receive no protection from it. ays aua sye vs.*mu £ v. tuy my sw */>. sfiSE '*l >* Wfr 3inßSin.Sn? sr/VSTfc LONDON, "January 27. WE can with pleasure allure the public, that the Corporation of the City of London, ever zealous to take the lead infup porting the general rights of mankind, have determined to petition Parliament in behalf of the wretched Africans, and praying a total abolition of that inhuman and diabolical traf fic, the Have trade. 31. The pride 6f Cherburgh is no more ! Let, however, Dover not be neglefted. The Duke of Richmond suggested the neceflity of attending to the fortifications of this place, which (molt favourably situated between two lofty rocks) might be made one of the molt formidable places in the world.—How grand ! how superb the appearance of this noble spot from the sea! Ex'rafi of a let tor from the Hague, January 13. “ They write from Amflcrdain, that the famous Van Berkel, who may in a great mca fure be looked upon as the cause of our late troubles, by the preparatory treaty he cart ied on with the states of America, (till continues in that city in the most private manner. ** The Regency of Amrterdam have lately * £N* LXXXVif.j informed the above person, that he must choofo another place of abode. “ Thofe* who know the real and heavy crimes of Van Beikeli those who know how far he has betrayed the intereftsof his country to second those views to which he was blindly devoted ; in Ihort, all impartial people wiU acknowledge, that desiring him to retire is a very gentle punifiimcnt for a citizen who, in the molt flouriftiing times of Greece and Home, would not, even with the loss of his head, have cancelled the injury he had done to his country.” Feb. 5. The pth, 48th, and 49th regi* ments embarked at the Cove of Cork, f>l thd Weft-Indies, on the 23d of laftmonri . Information is received refpefting the miW chief done the fortifications at C herburgh, which have received so much damage as to be incapable Os repair. In one of the caiffoon* there were 400 tons of rubbifti, all which has been, walhed into the lea; and, with tho deftruttion and separation of the cones, haß rendered the harbour in a worse ftatc than it ever yet exhibited. Their High Mightinefles the States General i have appointed the Baron de Nagel their Ell* voy Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to thd Court of London. The spirit of party is not yet extinguiihed in the Republic of Holland. At Amsterdam they publicly exhibit the picture of an Ex~ Burgomaster, dc Hoofd, pending with a blue and white ribbon. At Alkmaar black cockade* are worn in spite of the orders of the ftatesof Holland. At tJtreebt every night labels and pafquinades are thick up in the streets againfl the btadtholder, ornamented with Fleur de Lis . And even at the Hague they dare to insult, in the open ft 1 ecu*, thole who adhere to tho ancient cohftitution. 13. This day being the commencement of Mr Haflings’s trial, on a charge of high crimes and mtfdemeanors, the Lords met in their own lioufe ; and, at 12 o’clock, pro., ceeded to Westminster-Hall, wlnrc the Com* mont, had atfembled near an hour before, the gatlerietf having been fully occupied by nino o’en cc in the moi nr ng. Alter Mr. Hastings had knelt, (proforma) he was addrefled by the Lord Chancellor: *“ Mr. Hastings, you are now called upon* after each expedient allowance, for your de* tence. You have had bail; you have council. Much time aHo has been granted you,—be* coming well the circumstances of your case. “ For the matter in the charges is mod momentous ; and the dates are remote since the occurrences i:t thole charges' allcdged against you arefaid to have been committed. “ These advantages you must underftanrf* while you feel —You are to deem them no * an indulgence of this House, but the fair claim of right—a conceflion of nothing, but whafc you have in common with all around you—• what every'Britilh fubjett may ask, and every Britith tribunal must allow. “ Conduct your defence, therefore, in m manner that may befit your station, and tho magnitude of the charges against you- —Efti* mate rightly the high character of those yota have to answer—the Commons of Great*Bri* tain !—Who, at once, perhaps, attach like* lihood to doubt, and enforce authority, cer* tahily, on accusation.” To this, which the Lord Chancellor delt*. vered with a dignity beyond all imagination