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THURSDAY, MAY 20, 1954 SEGREGATION IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS OUTLAWED (Continued from Page One) liar in that they each were ap¬ peals by Negroes from appelate court decisions. Another was an appeal by the state against a favorable ruling to Negroes. The final one went directly to the federal supreme court. The Clarendon County, Tope¬ ka, and Prince - -------- Edward county ------- cases all were appeals from lower court decisions which up¬ held the constitutionality of segregation. In Wilmington, N. C., a court ruled tat Negroes must be ad¬ mitted to two schools there because facilities offered at Negro schools were inferior to those offered at the white in¬ stitutions. The state, however, appealed this ruling. The D. C. case never was ruled on by a lower tribunal; it went directly to the high court. Although the cases came to the high court through separate channels, they were handled as one major issue—that of segre¬ gation in public schools. This procwlure renter enabled the court to a decision affecting all the &ases at once. The first case in the 20th century to challenge the con¬ stitutionality of segregation in schools was the Clarendon | county case. Parents of Negro I pupils in School District No. 1, * Clarendon county, brought suit j to compel the admission of their j children to white schools. They j argued that facilities provided I for colored children were in-j f er > or - | At the time the suit was originally filed, there were 2,799 ! Negro and some 295 white, children in the public schools | of District No. l. This case was heard by a special three-judge j federal court which included i the then Judge J. Waties War¬ ing. The court, by a vote of two to one, acknowledged that the separate schols were unequal, but failed to rule on the con¬ stitutionality of the dual school system. It ordered the school bard to take immediate steps, toward equalization of the schools, and gave the district six months to show progress ’ made toward this. j When this was done, the court acknowledged that progress had been made. Negro parents, however, were determined to have the case taken to the U. S. Supreme court for a direct ruling on the constitutionality of segregation. The federal court accepted the case May 10, 1952. | In the first decision rendered Judge on the Waring Clarendon dissented, county hold- case, j ing that segregation per se I (in itself) is inequality. In the Topeka case, Negro * parents were challenging seg¬ regation in the elementary school grades. Junior and sen¬ ior high grades already were Integrated. Lawyers for parents of some 20 colored pupils ; ip> Topeka ( filed suit asking that the Kan-' vaulted. >as ^segregation statute be in- This was in 1951. Is as.JKi ®‘tober, 1951. the attorneys ! the U.S. Supreme court I o^review the case. Since then * on Sept. 3, 1953. the Topeka \ school board passed a resolution j to end segregation. Several of [ the city's 22 elementary schools * have since become integrated, i The Delaware case was dif- ' ferent in that Negroes won in ; the lower court. Litigation here j began when parents of Negro YOUR NEXT STOP FOR STANDARD OIL PRODUCTS Bellinger’s Service Stations MINUTE CAR WASH AUTOMATIC TIRE CHANGE ROAD SERVICE AND LUBRICATION West Broad at Oak Phone 4-9233 W. J. BELLINGER, Mgr. and Prop. 37th Street at Opeechee Rd. Phone 9756 Henry M. Robinson, Mgr. W. J. Bellinger, Prop. “RUN IN BEFORE YOU RUN OUT” XMAS SEALS SALES HIGHEST SINCE 1945 (Continued from Page One) 1944 and 1945 were the times that the 1953 mark was surpassed. The bond f ° r / 95 amounted to schools' S3«50 f sales, 173,42: *266 55 and mail sales, $1,216.29, total- ing 2.003.26. Various types of promotional programs were initiated ^ for r 1953. o ti This .1 included • . . radio ... dramatc . productions, ... skits. , .. forums, etc. The results of 1,953 campaign ___. were as , follows: Bonds, $523.50; clubs, $30.50; labor unions, $127.00; street sales, $500.06; mail, 1,291.25: schools and PTA’s, $609.61: ticket sales, $7.50; church king and queen contests, $152.08; coin boxes, $16.03, and office, $6 60. Mr. Scott praised the cooper¬ ation received fom the genera) public. T.B. Associate Board local TB office staff and the deputy T.B. chairmen who netted over $100. T he deputy chairmen who contributed most were: street sales, Mrs. Sadie Steele: king and queen church contest, Mrs. Laconia Cliffln: labor, Freddie Bryant and Raymond Smith: evening schools. Mrs. Mozelle Clemmons Mr. S’cott was loud in his praise for Stanley Whittley, T.B. field representative who served as coordinator for the T.B. sales Dr. R. M. Gilbert, pastor of First African Baptist church directed the dramatic product- ions. Mrs. Thelma Wright di¬ rected the sales among service- men units. The local PTA’s worked most cooperatively with the sales. Rev. R J. Cliffin donated the use of his church, First Moon) Bethel Baptist church ,as the headquarters for the king and queen contest. Virgil Demerv local police officer, is Dresiden* of the T.B. Associate Board. pupils refused to let their child¬ ren go to segregated schools in Wilmington because they were racially segregated and physi¬ cally inferior. The parents also contended that segregation was unconstitutional and inflicted psychological injury on the pupils. The case was filed in a fed- eral district court in 1951 and tried before Judge Collins J. Seitz. He found that the Negro schools were physically inferior and ordered the Claymont high school and the Hockessin school No. 29, the two institutions in¬ volved, to cease excluding Negro pupils. Judge Seitz did not order the colored pupils admitted to white schools on the ground of segregation. He left this issue for the high tribunal. The state of Delaware appealed the jurist’s ruling to its own sup- reme court. This latter body affirmed it. The state then ap¬ pealed to the federal court. In the Prince Edward county case, attorneys for Negro pupils attempted to show the harm¬ ful effects of segregation on pupils. A three-judge federal court held segregation to be constitutional. Segregation, the court said, was "one of the ways life in Virginia” and did ‘‘no harm or hurt to either race.” The case was tried in Febru- ary, 1952, and an appeal was taken to the Supreme court The issue centered on high schools in Prince Edward coun ty. A southern state, Virginia requires segregation in its con- stltution. Parents of Negro puipls in the District of Columbia tempted to enroll their child 32 CAB DRIVERS, DISPATCHERS GET CERTIFICATES (Continued from Page One) 1 at the West Broad Street YMCA. 1 thed^certificates ' £Z Friday ! in ceremonies at which J \ P . Su } t ° n ’ T of the J ^ Wilton ^ C. t Scott, h ™ in public * ddrf relations f and director, .. . Savannah . State _. . col- and su l f B h Adult Educaion Center, , award- ed the certificates. In the evening’s exercises where a group of 14 cab drivers and dispatchers completed the course. Mr. Scott delivered the address and Mr. S’utton awayri- “d the certificates. John S. Hood, president of Cab Operations, in his remarks at both exercises expressed his gratification at the interest exhibited by these students spending these extra hours a meeting in an attmpt to im orove themselves. Mr. Hood 2TT, E m T ir KauL^ s secretary, who made a presen- tation on behalf of the com _ • R M Waters and T. A. y . Barefield, superintendents, and : Mrs To(1 chief operator, , The course was taught by Robert C. Long, Sr., of the Dept, of Business, Savannah State college. Those receiving certificates were Robert T. Baker. Willie C. Beasley, Jack Brown, Moses H. Butler, Rufus Campbell, Nor¬ man Dash, manager; Corrie Hendrix, Julian Cleveland, Wm. E. Jones, Mrs. Josephine Dix¬ on, dispatcher; Moses L. Martin, Mrs. Nellie A. Oliver, Wesley Reid, recent award winner for j years driving without an acci- 1ent; Lucius Smith. Willie Wil¬ lis, Mrs. Lucille Wright, Charles Williams, Freddie R. Brown, Tommie Griffin. David Green, Owen Brown, Eulie Mitchell. Horace Houston, Mrs. Thelma Hemp, Walter Glenn, James R. Stafford. Mrs. Rachel Sutton, Tames Walker, Charles Wash¬ ington, Nathan Warren and Luther Young. en in all-white Sousa high school. Adrhisslon was refused md parents through their attor- aey., filed suit against the D.C. school board. A federal court dismissed the suit. An appeal ,vas taken to the federal court if appeals. PROJECTS VALUED AT $420,- )()0 COMPLETED BY 4-H’ers Farm and home projects valued at $420,000 were com¬ pleted by 11,019 colored 4-H club boys and girls of Virginia luring 1953, reports District Igent S. E. Marshall of the Virginia Extension Service. Greenville county’s 397 club members led the State with the completion of 220 projects ted at 21,000; Lunenburg conn- ty’s 255 4-H’ers were second vith 135 completed /alued at $15,000. Other coun- ies with high earning projects were Prince Edwards with 17’8 •ompletions worth $8 142; and Dinwiddle, with 519, valued at CALVERT RESERVE BLENDER WHISKEY- 86.8 PROOF- 65 % 0 RAIN NEUT^TPl$TILLERV.CORRORATION, NEW YORK CUY SEVENTEEN OPPOR¬ TUNITY FELLOWSHIPS (Continued from Page One) Philadelphia, to continue study at Harvard university law school; James Ellis Christopher, Jersey City, N. J . to continue work toward a master s in geol- ogy at Ohio State; Joseph H. French. Columbus, O., student kt the College of Medicine, Ohio State university, to begin internship at Philadel- phia General hospital; Gilbert Harris. Jr.. Garden City Park. L. I., N Y, recently discharged from the armed forces, to con¬ tinue art studies at Art Stud¬ ents League of New York and study paint in Mexico; Mrs. Dorothy Esther Hoover. Hope, Ark., graduate student. University of Arkansas, to com¬ plete work for doctorate ir math at University of Michi¬ gan; Miss Rhea Jackson, New York, continue study of voice in Europe; James Atwood Jones, Boston, graduate student, Columbia uni- i versity, for work toward doctor¬ ate in social psychology, Har- ; vard ««r rsi i y: M ^ M ,T y Ruth (Lowe, T New York, , Brooklyn law I school student, to work toward I master of law degree, Harvard university; Thomas Orestes Meeks, Jr., radiological physicist, to start doctorate research program in physics at Polytechnic* Insti- tute of Brooklyn; George ine Oliver, Chicago, continue study toward doctorate in lit- erature, Pennsylvania university: Gregory Frame Simms, New- ton, Kan., work toward master’s in voice at Conservatory of Pairs, France: David Leandor Stramon, Southport, N C„ com¬ pletion of dissertation in Liber- GRADUATION VACATION NOW IS THE TIME TO LAY AWAY YOUR LUGGAGE. *1.00 WILL HOLD ANYTHING UNTIL WANTED MOYLE TRUNK & BAG CO. 32 WEST BROUGHTON ST. PHONE 2-4094 GOLD MARKING & GIFT WRAPPING FREE Moore’s Pharmacy PRESCRIPTIONS NUNN ALLY’S CANDY SEALTEST ICE CREAM 709 WEST 37lh STREET Phones 9961-9378 ia for doctorate in political sricrvce from Uniee ratty of Michigan; Obert C. Vincent, New graduate study for doctorate in clinical psychology at Colum- bia university; Miss Mary Elizabeth Williamson, I ir ’B ton - D C., Mount Holyoke , I college student. masters In .literature at Columbia; f Mrs Marie VilIa Wood - New | York * Howard university history i nstructor. complete disserta- I t * on ’ n f° r doctorate in history from the American uni¬ versity: James Edward Jones. Little Rock, Ark., continue law tudy at University of Wiseon- in; and Dr. Claudius Shrop¬ shire, continue (second year’s residency in surgery at Wads- worth General hospital. Los Angeles. Robert C. Weaver, director of *he fellowship program, praised the work of such past winners as Mattiwilda Dobbs and Sam¬ uel Cullers as examples of how these awards "discover persons of exceptional promise, accel¬ erate their development and af¬ ford a democratic society the chance to utilize more fully their talents.” COMMUNITY HOUSE (Continued from Page One) as the mother of the year dur- i n B Gie event, Wednesday, May 12, at 8 00 m * the annual birthday party was held at the commun- house. Miss Metella Maree, principal of Paulsen school, was the .speaker for the occas- on, her subject, "Courage.” A large, beautiful birthday cake with five candles decorated tlie speaker’s table. Mrs. Lillian Grant and Mrs. Grace Young, co-chairmen. Vance Allison Installs Jr. Auxiliary (Continued from Page One) j ________ vice president; Mias Rosiiyn Ryals, treasurer; Miss Izetta Me Fall, chaplain; Miss Barbara Ann Me Fall, eon- due tress; Miss Jean Seabrooks, secretary; Miss Eva Mae patriotic instructor; Miss Mae Williams, guard; Miss Al- berta Havien, color bearer No. 1; Miss Fatima Havien, color bear¬ er No. 2; Miss Fancina Watts, historian. A delicious repast was served as a courtesy of the post com¬ mander, C. O. Ryals. Auxiliary DIAL 3-4720 FBI.—SAT. MAY 21—22 2— BIG HITS—2 Rod Cameron “SAN ANYONE" HIT NO. 2 ‘RAINBOW ROUND MY SHOULDER" SERIAL—CARTOON SUN.—MON. MAY23—24 2 —BIG HUS —2 Harrey Carey “TRADER HORN” HIT NO. 2 Red Skelton ‘GREAT DIAMOND ROBBERY’ NEWS—CARTOON i—BIG DAYS—G STARTING TUE. MAY 25 THERE NEVER WAS A PICTURE LIKE A tense, exciting epic ol Iht* Wnt! ALAN LADD JEAN ARTHUR VAN HEFLIN GEORGE STEVENS’ £3 I—ixx r^vj ^ BRANDON Dt WILOfc ■ -'-JACK BALANCE • SN JOHNSON IOG AH *UI HAN AH A«a»wCIB AHO e.MCttO •> OSORGt btcvcns G < U* A a OUTMAlfc jh Oulosui >*Ck Shim • Agio c * Te»| ne*«i |r .AC* tCHilfu TECHNICOLOR ^ A FAftAAlCbNI g.CTwMl X Added Joy 3 Stooge Comedy News—Cartoon advisors and members prest it were Sister Olivia Robins..-. president of the Sr Unit; Sistei Omega Ryals. Sister Annie Schmidt, Sister Mamie L. Wil- hams and Sister Evelyn White i : C fisnm j DIAL 3-6092 FBI.—SAT. MAY 21—22 2—BIG HITS—2 George O’Brien In “GOLD HAIDERS” And “ROSE OF CIMARRON’ Serial — Comedy Sunday, Monday. Tuesday May 22, 24. 25 2—BIG HITS—2 ‘“THE WEIL’ (<tt terrific hjndclippmr at the fer¬ ritic finale. The Beit cf °. the new film dramas!" U6' n WAITER WINCHEU Warner Bros —hunt e j4 s POWELL' _ JANE A 1 GORDON - % M ac Rae ^ BENE NELSON SAM LEVENE • GEORGE GIV07 VHO INttOOUCtfiCi "D* HAt Ur ACK f llONARO f AND K'fiQf ‘ A LtVl'KY fREIMAN tvucal by Ht* Hi WFIL-T IIIJU.MA V 2 U -27 —BIG FEATURES—2 Frankie Lane In ‘WHEN YOU’RE SMILING” And Van Johnson June AHyson “REMAINS TO BE SEEN’ Comedy — Serial PAGE 3 T 7 SH I GsSMUHR X u J 1 DIAL 2-2946 1 FRY—SAT. MAY 21—22 2—FUG HITS—2 Buster Crabibe and Al (Fuzzy) St. John in “HUSTLERS’ HIDEOUT” Hit No. 2 •DEPUTY MARSHAL” ALSO REMEMBER, THAT BIG LATE SHOW ON SATURDAY, MAY 22 TWO BIG FEATURES I WANT A BABY’ “MISTRESS OF SIN” Sunday, Monday, Tuesday May 22, 21, 25 2—BIG HITS—2 TOLD WITH BOLDNESS THAT WILL $% / HOCK % :■ .h YOU! lWi!MfcgTgg£r Hit No. 2 ■ST/Wt; fU mighty msi S. jm _ i,iUi'iH'ie emir I#* \ OH . -^4! (utin '* *' •imi 30308^ iimnmf TERRY MOuRE * BEN JOHNSON m ROBERT ARMSTRONS «u F 3 M MciltJSH mu k EKSt CioRldf I Willis MUM O’Ctiefi -0, I•clinical TOM'tpUy by Hu Mi .ftttw /VP f/kjrir,: *„ m> 71 *,v*>*U. i 1 -^ Serial and Comedy ED.—THfUR. MAY 26—21 2-rBIG HIT S—2 ‘MISTRESS OF .SIN” HIT NO. 2 “I WANT A BABY” A. A. News Service Comedy HaiHliiise it's better for your fioirf # Ntufroli*** any cau*»i« in yoor hair ins»on»ly 0 Give* a rich cfeep color to Hair • Helps •Dminate »tiftne%» • Dissolves in water • instantly tconomicol and absolutely safe to • use. No skin test needed . . this is not a dye 204 W 124th St., New York 27. N. Y.