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PAG? roui*
&hr §auflnnaJi STiilmnc
Csta blluhrrl 1875 SOL C. JOHNSON
By J H DEVEAUX 1889—1954
kn*S. W1LLA A JOHNSON. Editor Publisher Publisher
EZRA JOHNSON.............Asst, to
1. H BUTLER .................Asso. Editor
R w. GADSDEN..........Contributing Editor
GEORGE E. JENKINS____Advertising Manager
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"These word* shall hr in thine heart;
nnd than shall teaeh them diligentlg nnta
tlni ehihlrcn: and than shalt talk of them
when than /fittest down in thine house, and
when thou walkest ft;/ the wag, and when
tlwn liest down, and when thov risest up.”
TIIE W ASHINGTON REPORT
Certainly nobody expected anything'
different of the House sub-commitlee that
investigated the Washington, I). C.
schools. A committee more incompetent
In make a survey uninfluenced by its pre-
indices could hardly have been found.
The committee would have stepped com¬
pletely out of character if it had come up
with any other recommendations. The
signers of the majority report were also
signers of the Southern Manifesto of last
March. I(i
Honest concern about th" differences in
educational achievement between Negro
and white children would have recom¬
mended wavs In - which to lessen or trrad-
uallv wit)'' them out. Competent persons
in the fir'd of education have concluded
lung aim lhat the conditions in which peo¬
ple 1 ve are factors to be taken into con-
si'bum' yn in e'e-i-uring intelli"enre and
educability. Honesty would have sug-
"•"sfed to the investigators to look into the
kmds of schools Nemo children have been
LoyiPfl to <ttn.n3 ♦ »* recall that blmbted
housing in Washington was permitted
to cyst w'th'n tbe shadow of ihe nation’s
c.'initol. It would have «u"vested to 1h(>
invi-stivators that disciplinary problems
and ■••ex delinquenees are not peculiar to
mixed schools in Washington. Instead,
the invest iirafintr committee comes up
with a rrennpvendal inn 1h:d schools for
Negroes and whites “he maintained on a
. completelv separate and renal basis."
which d beijc.YVf* f'dile and sure to fail
of accepfance. Surelv nobodv takes the
committee scrmuslv a* the spokesmen of
the South when then talked about “sep¬
arate but -equal ’ schools, for a record of
fiO years of evasion and had faith fails
io inspire trust in any promise of equal¬
ity even op the basis of separation.
Of course. th(< committee’s findiin's had
a result that Ihe committee did not fore¬
see; they revealed thal the schools for
Negroes in Washington. Ihe capital of
democracy, wore samples of what the
“separate but equal doctrine” meant to
segregationists and to the' education of
Negro children: that in Washington, a
rity run by a commission approved by
< "ugre-s, segregation resulted in the
same sort of education as that of I’odunk,
Deep South.
THE MINORITY REPORT
I wo members of Ihe Washington School
Investigating ( ommittoc, in disagreement
with the majority report, make a state-
REV. WARREN
NAMED TO ST. PAUL
FACULTY
CONCORD. N. It. (ANP)— St.
Paul’s Episcopal School has added
a young Negro cleric to its teach¬
ing staff.
Rev. Matthew Warren announc¬
ed the appointment of the Rev.
John T. Walker, rector of St.
Mary's Episcopal Church of De¬
troit, to the faculty of St. Paul.
The appointment marked the
first time in history a Negro min¬
ister ever was named to such a
post at the school.
The Rev. Walker will assume
his duties next fall and will teach
Sacred Studies and Ancient Hisl
tory. Mr. Warren said that Rev.
Walker was replacing an English
instructor who had been at the
school on a temporary basis.
The 31-year-old Rev. Walker
GETTING SALK POLIO VACCINE
All persons under thirtr-five years of age should be vaccinated against parahtic polio
March of Dimes lands developed the vaccine which provides protection lor many millions ol
Americans. Jots the March ol Dimes, Jan. 2-3i, 1937. -------------...
_______
National Advertising Representatives
Associated Publishers
31 West 48 Street
New York 36, New York
160 W. Washington St.
Chicago 2, 111.
Whale.v-Simpson Co.
6513 Hollywood Boulevard
San Francisco 5, California
Whale.v-Simpson Co.
55 New Montgomery Street
Los Angeles, California
\vcrr lull**
nieut with which we agree. It is:
“The facts brought to light by this
investigation seem to indicate that Ne¬
gro leaders, and those actively interest¬
ed in the advancement of the Negro
people, have much work to do among
the Negro people, and that all of the
difficulties attended with integration
are not caused by the seemingly un¬
compromising attitude of the white
people.”
We have been saying, more or less fre¬
quently, substantially the same thing.
Leaders in this community have not heard
or seen what we have been saying, but
we have never been more convinced of
anything than we are that the rub'""' of
the Supreme Court on segregation, places
a great responsibility on Negroes them¬
selves. Primarily the responsibility is on
the shoulders of Negro leaders: ministers,
school teachers, heads of fraternal organi¬
zations, P. T. A. Councils, business and
professional men. It is the responsibility
of these people to reach, or direct the
ways of reaching, the people who do not
belong to churches, lodges, or chapters,
or societies, who do not read newspapers,
magazines and books or who seldom come
out of their habitat except to go to work,
whose children play in sandy, dirty lanes
and streets. It is our belief that many
of these people do not know what is going
on in the world around them. It is these
people who through ignorance or vici-
ousness could create incidents which could
set off violent after effects. Leaders and
the people need to realize that there are
important factors involved in the solu¬
tion of the problems of integration, which
are not mentioned or suggested in any of
the rulings of the Supreme Court. We
believe personal hygiene observance of
the laws of sanitation, of the rules of
good manners, and the cultivation of the
graces that lead to sober and vood citizen¬
ship are among the things Negroes can
do to facilitate integration.
ONE RESOLUTION
Let one resolution of yours be to be¬
come a qualified citizen of Chatham Conn-
tv. The only way to count as “one” in
a democratic community is to become a
voter, an informed voter, determined to
develop a sense of social and political
responsibility. Our goal for this year,
11157, should be to register every eligible
voter in this county. If our leaders wont
assume the duties of leadership, let the
people go to it: get your neighbor next
door, your friend around the corner, the
member of your club or society or lodge
—get them to go to Chatham Court House
and register. Let’s make it a passion to
register fifteen thousand people this year.
And this will be a Happy New Year.
was borivitv Detroit 8ml served as
head acolyte at St. Paul’s lipis-
copal Cathedral while a student
at Wayne State University.
NEW YEAR’S PAR ii
FOR TRIBUNE CARRIERS
(Continued from Page One)
served by Mrs. Marian L.
Spaulding, Mis. Gussie Slater,
and Miss Olethia Whaley.
These present were Wilbur
Wheeler, Emerson Wheeler, Ar-
thur C. Curtright, Jr„ John
Osborne. Sidney Osborne, Earl
CoUiM. Marshall . .. Green. _ Marion _
| Williams. McKnight. Edward Harden, Leon Law- Mc-
rence
Knight, Samuel Grant, Joseph
Whaley, Horace Green, Leon
* Chaplin, Franklin Robinson,
CHICAGO, (ANP) — The his¬
toric ruling of the U. S. Supreme
Court ending segregation on city
buses in Montgomery, Ala., and
the desegregation of more than
<171 public school districts in 17
.Southern and border states loom¬
ed as highlights of the year as
It56 came to a close.
Though focal points for the year,
these two unprccidented turning
points in history were by no means
the only significant occurrences
for 1956, which produced a mul¬
tiplicity of eventful circumstances
in the lives of Negro Americans.
The following is a month by
month tabic of developments dur¬
ing the year:
JANUARY
A St. Louis judge ordered an |
end to segregation in low rent pub¬ j
lic housing in Unit city . . . Russian j
audiences were thundering ova¬
tion to an all-Negro cast who stag¬
ed “I’orgy and Bess” . . . The Uni¬
versity of Alabama lost it- fight
to bar Negroes from attending the
school . . . Dixie railroads began
integration of its Negro and white
passengers ... A Mississippi judge
refused to reopen the Emmett Till
lynching case . . . President Eiscn-
however receive the U. S. delega¬
tion to Liberia . . . The Alabama
Senate passed a nullification res¬
olution on the Supreme Court’s
school desegregation decree ... A
two-year-old girl survived body
temperatures of 60.8 degrees . . .
The Mayor of Montgomery, Ala.,
urged a “get tough” policy on Ne¬
gro bus boycotters . . • Montgom¬
ery police arrested the Rev. Mar
tin L. King, leader of the Inis boy¬
cott . . . Miss Autherine Lucy
and Mrs. Polly Ann Myers Hudson
irepared to enroll at the Univer-
itv of Alabama.
'■'KURT ARY
Autherine Lucy was forced to
‘‘lee from the University of Ala¬
bama campus after mob violence
was directed against her . . . The
Montgomery bus boycott erupted
nto violence as Rev. King’s home
was bombed . . . Daily Defender
begins publication in Chicago . . .
Powell school amendment causes
i split in the AFL-CIO . . . Auth¬
erine Lucy sues for re-admittance
o the University of Alabama . . •
Civil rights issue creates a split
n Democratic ranks . . . Mississ-
ppi drops compulsory school at¬
tendance laws in an effort to
thwart integration . . . Civil rights
leader Dr. Thomas Brewer was
-hot to death in Georgia . . . Sam¬
my Davis, Jr., opens Broadway
run of “Mr. Wonderful” . . . Chi¬
cago disc jockey A1 Benson bom¬
bards Mississippi with copies of
the U. S. constitution . . . Negroes
staged a nation-wide work stop¬
page in protest of Alabama bus
boycotters’ arrest . . . University
of Alabama ordered to readmit
Autherine Lucy.
MAR( H
University of Alabama perman¬
ently expels Miss Autherine Lucy
. . . Mississippi Senator James 1
Eastland is named to the chair¬ |
manship of the Senate Judiciary !
Committee . . . Four white men
sue NAACP and Miss Autherine :
Lucy for 4 million . . . United |
Negro College Fund drive passes i
the *30 million mark . . . Three
Negroes are murdered in Mississ¬
ippi. Alabama and North Carolina ;
. . . St. Louisan becomes the first
Negro circuit judge in Missouri !
Warren Courts, Paul Courts,
Frank Dallas, Douglas Lawton,
Jerry Rivers, Winston Rivers,
j James Arthur, James Alexander,
Richard McPherson. James Mc¬
Pherson, Merilus Simms, Louis
Simms, Richard Simms, William
Lumpkin. R. C. Brooks, Charles
Rowe, Joseph Gray, Blannie
Cartlec’.ge, Ernest Cartledge,
Alonzo Chaney, Lonnie Rober¬
son, Bobby Glenn, Alphonso
Irvin, Robert Richards, James
| Schubert, Murry Brooks, Walter
j Scott, Robert Brooks, Wilbert
Hamilton, Joseph Young, Mrs.
Celeste Ward. Levi Grant. Miss
Olethia Whaley, Mrs. Gussie
Slater, Mrs. Marian Spaulding,
C. A. Simmons, Herman Mitch¬
ell, Mrs. A C. Wright, Frank
Freeman, and Mr. Scandrick.
official of the Y.
TIIE SAVANNAH TRIBUNE
RIDING AGAIN , TO SPREAD THEIR IDEA OF JUSTICE
Desegregation Draw fop 195b Attention
Bus School
. . 63 Nrgrn leaders go on trial
in Montgomery for alleged illegal
boycotting . . ■ Rev. King found
guilty in boycotters’ trial.
A RRI Ij
Thousands participate in mass
nation-wide day of prayer for
Mortgomcry lnra boycotters
NY rro ministers draft declaration
of Negro civil rights intensions
. . . Nine die in hotel fire on Chi-
cago’s south side . . . Roy Wilk-
ins urges Negroes to support Re¬
publican party at election polls
. . Alabama racists attack singer
Nat (King) Cole . . . Anti-NAACP
law goes into effect in South Car-
olina . . . NAACP barred from
NAACp'*,pens ,
‘
war on Virginia
school segregation Congress-
nan Adam C. Powell accuses army
of Oongresslm.^ drifting back to segregation. ' Powell'
Adam CL ae-
ruses army of drifting back to
segregation.
MA Y
.lyegvo is nominated as Justice of
'tlie spcnce in Florida . . . AMK
Zion conference elects three new
bishops . . . Negroes mark second
anniversary of Supreme Court in-
tOgration ruling . . . Private Ala-
Jaama college gives first degrcee in
history to Negro . . . Sororities at
Jhio State University bans racial
tnd religious discrimination.
JUNE
First Negro Lutheran pasloi
lies in New York . . . Russian
■lerics worship at a Negro church
n Chicago . . . Singer Roy Iiam-
.Iton retires from show business
. . Birmingham, Ala., Negroes
form new civil rights group ... A
-hree-judge court rules against
Alabama’s segregated bus laws . . .
Montgomery, Ala., group support
ng bus boycott is incorporated . . .
Entertainer Valada Snow dies . . .
singer Paul Robeson faces con-
..enipt action as he blasts Congress
. . . Southern Democrats and Re¬
publicans kill aid-to-integration
dll . . . Washington, D. C. tele¬
phone company hires Negroes for
first time . . . Governor’s parley
s stirred by race issue.
IULY
Methodist Bishop Love is elect¬
'd as president of Bishop’s Coun¬
cil . . . Congress shelves housing
bill . . . Lutherans, Presbyterians
pass anti-bias bills . . . Federal
school aid bill is rejected 224-195
. . . Mississippi Democrats change
vote rules to pressure Negroes . . .
First Negro gets Oklahoma court¬
house post . . . Negroes, whites
,'orm group to replace ousted
NAACP in Louisiana . . . Alabama
judge rules that NAACP must
show files . . . Southern legisla-
tors issue Manifesto declaring J
war on civil rights . . . President i
>igns narcotics bill into law .
House approves civil rights bill
279-126 . . .
AUGUST
Robert A. Cole, Chicago insur¬
ance executive dies . . . Ku Klux
Klan resurges in Florida . . .
NAACP seeks appeal of $100,000
Alabama fine . . . Tennessee coun-
ty vows to obey court and admit
Negroes into schools . . . Demo- !
• ratio convention held in Chicago; “weak” j
civil rights plank called |
Negroes observe first anniver- ‘
...
sary of brutal Emmett Till lynch-
ing St. Louis school teacher ;
...
finds lost Died Scott records . . .
Republicans convene in San Fran- j
cisco; rights plank termed just a '
Trend Toward Integration
Disturbances
Although the South’s reaction
toward the Supreme Court’s deci¬
sion on school segregation has border been^
mixed in the South and .
states, the basic trend toward in¬
tegration which has been evident
for some years has undoubtedly
been speeded by the decision. Such
is the major conclusion of a survey
of recent developments on the se¬
gregation front by Harold I' lerning
and John Constable of the South¬
ern Regional Council published to¬
day as a 25-eent pamphlet by the
Public Affairs Committee, 22 E.
38th St., New York City under
the title WHAT’S HAPPENING
IN SCHOOL INTEGRATION?
“The Supreme Court’s school
decision set the stage in law for a
major revision of racial practices I
in this country,” Messrs. Fleming
and Constable write. “Yet, for all
of its far-reaching implications,
the decision was not an abrupt de¬
parture from current trends. In
the years immediately preceding,
the decision, segregation had been
steadily crumbling.”
“Through court action, Southern
Negroes had won the right to cast
their ballots in the all-important
Democratic primaries, to serve on
juries, to enroll in the graduate
schools of state universities, and
to ride unsegregated on interstate
trains. White and Negroes in the
armed forces had served side by
side for several years, many of
them at Southern military posts.”
“Not all of the Negro’s advances
the result of court rulings
Executive Orders,” the authors
point out. “Many private and
colleges in the
had voluntarily opened their
doors to Negro students. Profes¬
sional associations had begun ac¬
cepting into membership Negro
doctors, nurses, lawyers, and min¬
isters. Sixty-odd Southern cities
had opened the dcors of their main
public libraries.”
“The trend toward integration
is the result of various forces ’
Fleming and Constable explain.
They include; “the war-inspired
concern for minority rights which
i’.as Ik en enhanced by a growin
(jCtS
Grant F or Sci.
TCHChd* . s
T nskegee Institute is one of 95
colleges and universities throng-h¬
oot the United States and its t r r-
C ories which will share in a $4,-
y 00,000 National Science Founda¬
tion grant for teacher-tramine
urograms in mathematics and sci-
once during the summer of 1957.
foundation Director, Alan T.
Waterman, stated that 86 of thfr
summer institutes will he open
only to high school teachers, four
to both high school and college
teachers and five to college teach-
ts only.
Dr. W. E. Belton, He#d, I)ivi-
ion of Natural Science, Tuskegee
nstitute, will serve as Director of
he Summer lnstitu‘e. He states
hat the program at Tuskegee In-
titute will be designed for High
ichool chemistry teachers. Ap-
iroximatcly twenty-five partici-
iants will share in this program.
The overall figure is estimated at
),500 high school teachers and 250
•ollege teachers.
Stipends will be paid directly to
he participating teachers. Addi-
“shade” better than Denis
SEl’TEM/lEll
Justice Department joins fight
for integration of Hoxic, Ark.,
public schools . . . Florida bus boy-
cott leader is intimidated and jail-
cd . . . Disorders break out as in-
tegration comes to Mansfield, Tcx-
as high school; Texas Rangers
called . . . Racial violence erupts
at Clinton, Tenn. as judge orders
Negro students admitted to high
schoo'; National Guardsmen called
Singer Paul Robeson seeks
h * h a f tion *? f lin Pf s ' wlt
Kentucky mob bars Negroes
“tending Sturgis schools . • -
Louisville Kentucky schools in-
tograte without incident . . . Negro
'
Kentucky schools . . . First Negro
enters Vanderbilt school of law . . .
Congressman l’owcll recommends
Hastie for Su P ,clnc Court
vacancy.
OCTOBER
Southerners integration probe of
Washington, D. C. schools . . . New
York airlines adopts policy to hire
Negro pilots . . . Tennessee high
court approves state integration
. . , Lawyers renew fight to rc-
store Mrs. Autherine Lucy Foster
to University of Alabama . . .
NAACP starts defense in Texas
ban case . . . Powell switches his
support to GOP . . . Dr. Charles
Johnson, Fisk University presi-
dent dies . . . Florida Negro is
idnapped from jail cell after
hello baby” remark to white
roman.
YOVEMUER
Singer Nat (King) Cole stars
weekly TV show . . . Negroes
witch support to Ike as president
wins re-election . . . Bad blood
trews between iVaiti and Cuba’s
hplomatic relations . . . Dr. Ralph
Bunche is named to “watch-dog’
,ost in Mid-East crisis . . . Jazz
lianist Art Tatum dies . . . Ree
>rd number of Negroes are elected
nto office . . . Singer Una Mai
Carlisle dies . . . Pennsylvania
ligh court upholds ban of Negro
hoys from white orphans schools
. . . University of Alabama trustee
•ited for contempt in Lucy case
. . U. S. Attorney General Brown-
11 calls conference of Dixie at¬
torney generals to discuss Supreme
“ourt integration ruling . . . AME
Bishop Allen dies . . . Democratic
party worker Venice Spraggs dies
. . Mississippi senator Stcnnis
pressures Negro Air Force lieuten-
mt to resign.
DECEMBER
Supreme Court refuses to re¬
view Mansfield, Texas integration
case . . . FBI arrests 16 racists on
'ontempt of court charges for in-
terference with integration a r
Clinton high schoo! . . . FBI in-
vestigation of Negro vote purge in
Louisiana . . . Wilberforce Uni¬
versity president Dr. Charles L.
Hill dies . . . Seven whites go free
in Florida kidnnp-flogging case
. . . Haiti’s president Paul Mag-
loire goes into exile in Jamneia
Georgia chapter of NAACP
fined $25,000 and leader is jailed
... Sooth Carolina native becomes j
first Negro to be hired by sched- !
uled New York airline . . . Texas
judge rules against immediate de-
segregation . . . U. S. Supreme
Court anti-segregation mandate
reaches Montgomery and Negroes
end their year-long boycott and
resume patronage of the city's j
buses without racial restrictions.
SATURDAY, JANUARY 5, 1957
awareness of the effect of our
racial policies on world opinion;
action by Negroes themselves, hu¬
man relations agencies, church ami
civic groups, enlightened school
administrators and public offi¬
cials; and the growing realization
that it is often cheaper to inte¬
grate than to provide new or im¬
proved facilities.”
Thus ‘‘the school derision did not
mark a sudden change of direc¬
tion,” they add. “But the deci¬
sion did extend the principle of
equal citizenship farther than ever
before ... It challenged a ‘way of
life’ in the South traditionally
based on subordination of the Ne¬
gro.”
The pamphlet reviews in some
detail the differing reactions in
four main areas of the South anil
border states. Five states and the
District ol Columbia have under-
aken school integration as a mat¬
er of official policy. Four states
Arkansas, Delaware, Tennessee,
tnd Texas—have been divided in
liffering areas within their boun-
laries in their policies. Florida,
Vorth Carolina, and Virginia have
-hown a stiffening resistance to
'esegregation. The remaining five
tates of the deep Negro South population^ or “blacjjf !
■It”—where
ends to run the highest—have
ommitted themselves to a last-
'iYh defense of segregation. It is
; n these states that the Citizens’
“ouncils and the Klan have flour-
shed more or less openly.
The Supreme Court’s decision
vas i.l.-o found to have encourag¬
'd the trend toward desegregation
n Northern schools as well as in
lousing and employment in the
North. The continued existing of
ast areas of segregated housing
vas cited, however, as a persist¬
ent and different problem.
W HAT’ S H APPEN1 NG IN
ICHOOL INTEGRATION? is the
244th in the Public Affairs Pam¬
phlet series which is now in its'
21st year. The series has includ-
•'(I many other distinguished titles
covering social and economic prob¬
lems, family relations, health and
•ntergroup relations.
tional allowances will be made for
dependents to a maximum of four
and for travel. The Foundation
will also care.for tuition' fees and
other costs.
“Often the critical motivating
influence on the youngster groping
his way toward a career,.is the
high school teacher,” Dr. Water¬
man stated in explaining the pur¬
pose of the grant. This program,
he believes, will aid in improving
the quality of teachers, in, the im¬
portant areas of sqj^nqq,, and
mathematics.
El MORS HEADS
MU PHI CHAPTER
'C'.iitli'iic'Ct from Page One)
Assn., vice chairman or the
Chatham Division of Boy
Scouts of America, chairman of
the Centennial Committee of
CCTA for the NEA’s 100th year
celebration, is the newly elec¬
ted basileus.
Other officers are: Vice Bas¬
ileus, George Miller; Keeper of
Records and Seal, L. B. John¬
son; Keeper of Finance, Dr, J.
W. Jamerson, Jr.; Chaplain,
Rev. A. C. Curtright, and Re¬
porter, B. R. Singleton.
UNFINISHED BUSINESS
m i¥§i
.r h iiiousi
of to Dimes the assistance Bcln finish ih»'; Jub a l bj senerous stlH rcc coatribut D | "'e M:
March of Dimes, Jao. 2-3L