Newspaper Page Text
■iTUKDAY, FEBRUARY 20,1308
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hands National Guilrdsmen are usually among the first volunteers at the r~ ■ „>
Cf a disaster. Trail programs under tough Army standards help keep Guardsmen ready for
£ y sort of emergency. These National Guard troops are en route from sccr.a of u.i air wish.
VT
Militia J
Forces in U. S.
r raining is the measure of
a unit s ability to c rry out a
11 G.c.yton mission, 1. Sal's Kerr, Major Gen-
1 a Texan
\ M currently assigned as the
*. “- unt Chief for Army, Na-
t.'j.irl ( tm d Linear. General
1 commanded an ar-
! iS-.r to yy‘i‘ .us o:l
1 osxign-
) -ii.. no-n.s oil
t a. ui'iiln.tig l.:
t.v imy-c.r that
). s t moled tne
Kc'.lchal Guard
to errn its rep*
u i a i i o n ns a
Ti.r.'iy reserve
force in
si.i'ie of the
G uc’.T.l Kerr, who supervises .
r ..ministration and iraining of
Cm Army National G :ard's 4,500
e mpany-aizs units : nd 400,000
.t "fleers and men, em hasizes the
current mobilization . aadiness of
t .3 prcmnl-day Guard. “The Na-
tional Guard,” he say s, ‘ has
i rr y G ained the big icst degree
of mobilization reau nefs ever
icached in peacetime by a re-
i ve fores of the United States.”
’mil advanced trail ing status
sNnis largely from the fact that,
f' xa October, 1958, all of the
c n: us of the Army Guard
1.- 3 been fully engaged in unit
training, learning to uncti,on as
c.i effective military team
i mgfk :^afc& _ _ i
PENTOMIC PUNCH—The ground soldier’s new Sunday punch
is the “Honest John” rocket. An artillery weapon in the Army
Guard’s 21 infantry and six armored divisions, this gives ground
forces immense firepower increase.
V In The Fore In Peace and War
The National Guard
of service to country and
munity is an unbroken
which links the missile age
today with the era of the
ute Man heroic figure
Although the and the
the Minute Man
it of ‘76” have come to
bolize the 20th Century
of the civilian-soldier, the
is that the National Guard
dition is even more
v
,
The colonists’ philosophy
that an able-bodied man
“join the avocation of a
dier” to whatever business
trade happened to be
This was the philosophy
led to the reliance that was
be placed in the militia
the years. An American
nomenon, it defied the
Pan tradition that arms were
be borne only
led by noblemen.
Nevertheless, Colonial
forces fought shoulder to
der with the British in
French and Indian Wars.
helped win the siege of
boiirg with skill which
the professionals. British
men were inclined to look
their noses at “a reg merit
New England fameis and
£
. JliaSf
1 iMH
"*
It began,
sense,
the first
tiers
the
o f
and
It flourished
the
‘trained
who
settlements
opened
through
val forest.
through application of platoon
and company tactics.
“Good platoons and good
panies" General Kerr remarks,
“make up the backbone of good
armies.”
At the same time that it got
out of the “basic training
ing^ j ness the ” and Army moved Guard into unit took train- two
additional steps designed to keep
Guardsmen abreast of their coun-
terparts in the Active Army.
ization First, there was a reorgan-
of the Army National
Guard along the so-called “pen-
tomic” lines. This involved a
revamping .of the Guard’s 21 in-
fantry divisions and six armored
divisions as well as hundreds of
nondivisional units to conform to
the “new look” of the Army
itself. Combat support and ser-
vice units were also reorganized
make them better able to car-
out their assigned missions
an atmosphere of convention-
or nuclear warfare.
During the reorganization Nation- pe-
— completed by the
Guard a full year ahead of
— the infantry, artil-
and armor elements of the
came under the Army’s
Combat Arms Regimental
which provides the means
maintaining the historic con-
of traditional regiments.
“General George Washington
we traditionally honor on
Day,” says General Kerr,
ermen — led by a lumber mer-
chant!”
Britain’s professionals and
noblemen would meet these pro¬
vincials again,
It began, the history books
tell us, at This Lexington, where MasSa-
chussetts. is the
tradition of the Minute Man
got its impetus^ known the
What is now as
“National Guard” was first the
Organized Guard Militia.The first term Na-
tional was asso-
ciated with the militia in 1824
when the 2nd Battalion, 11th
New York Artillery (later, the
famous 7th Regiment) guard was se-
lected to serve as of hon-
or for the visiting Marquis Yorkers de
Lafayette. The New
promptly re-named their outfit
the “National Guard” in defdr-
enee to his “Garde Nation Me.”
Of great importance to the
military structure of the U. S.
was the passage of, first, the
Dick Act of 1903 which set the
stage for modernizing the
Guard along the same lines as
the Regular Army. The Nation-
al Defense Act of 1J16 official-
ly bestowed the title National
Guard” upon the elements of
the old Organized Militia, or-
dered the organization of the
Guard to conform to that of
the Army itself. This estab-
lished the Guard firmly as a
part-of the organized
peacetime establishment as well
as an integral part of the Army
of the United States when in
active service. Guards- .
In 1916 some 159,000
men were mobilized for duty
along the Mexican Border. In
World War I the National
Guard furnished 17 divisions,
Eleven of them saw service ur-
der General Pershing in the
V# 6» ivjaipas
“would most certainly Is r
ded at the modern
the morale and
fessional training level of
up-to-the-Minute Men.”
There are reasons why
Guardsman is the best
mobilization ready
man in history. All members <
the Guard are either
graduates of the Army
training program, or men
have obtained equivalent
rience through extensive as.se:
turn with the Guard.
As of this time all new
tional Guard recruits
prior quired military experience are
to spend six months
active duty training.
six months of Army
these men return to their
town units. It is estimated
at least 60,000 National Cured
men will undergo six
training this year. 'been
Much has said of
mobilization readiness
What is mobilization readinc
“Each phase of unit
which we accomplish In
time is a month less required
qualify a division for
duty after it has been
to active duty,” General
points The out. Assistant
Chief for
Army National Guard also
some of the other factors
enter into the mobilization
iness of the Guard.
School Training Program
Last year, for example, more
8000 Guardsmen took active
courses at U.S. Army esv-
schools. Courses range from
week refreshers to fullsca’.a
courses of ten monl vs
More than 3000 Guar :-
were enrolled in A.rmy ex¬
course programs. become
Guardsmen who would
second lieutenants must
an accredited Officer
School. Active Army
is open to Guardsmen
in addition, 42 States now
officer candidate pro¬
based upon Fort Eennkig
School standards.
“Training with modem . -uiip-
under strict prof
the National (,"•■: I
is ready to meet i'.i rc -
as a first-line m • -
of.the U. S. military t.-ar.-.,’
“We’re an effective mililrr;
today. We’ll be more • l
tomorrow and the da;
rated “excellent” or “superior”
by the German High Command,
six were National Guard divi¬
sions.
In August 1940, the President
of the United States ordered
the National Guard into active
military service. This brought
into service more than 300,0Q0
men in 18 combat divisions as
well as numerous non-division-
al units and 29 air observation
squadrons. This at one stroke
doubled the strength of our
meager peacetime
PKNjiiTHLU
Regular Army.
Guard units
and individual
Guardsmen
served with
great distinc¬
tion on every
World War I£
b a 111 ef r o nt
from Bataan to
Okinawa, from
North Africa to
D-Day and the
Battle of the
Bulge.
In July of 1950 in Ko¬
gaged communist forces mobiliz¬
rea and a “partial
ation” of our forces took place.
During 1950-53, 183,000 mem¬
bers of the National Guard saw
active service. Eight infantiy
divisions, 22 air wings, and
hundreds of other units of both
the Army and the Air Nation¬
al Guard were ordered to duty.
Two divisions were hurried to
bolster our forces in Europe;
two divisions and two air wing3
were rushed to Korea.
Battle-tested and time-tested,
the National Guard up-to-the
Minute Men are ready today
just as they have always been
ready, willing and able in over
300 years of service to country
ami community.
TME SAVA'VV1TI TRmrVF ? H’\VV \r?, GFORGIA
"One Army” Unity is Key To
Motional Defense Teamwork
The peacetime unity of Army
effort has been acclaimed by the
Honorable Wilber M. Bracken,
t'o Secretary of the Army, as
jjp • ;h!v ihe our gn ..test national as-
i.< t in event cf v.ar.
J ''ls “One Army unity to
vim :. I,-. Brnciter has reterreu
in recent talk ■; concerns Hsell
' *G» tha im-'y of spirit through-
e it the Amy t .tabb.-iimcnt —
t to Active Army, t’ e Army Na-
t'onal Guard, and the Aimy Uo-
Lt vc.
, 1 Y'“, ... 15 ' / . . ... 1 4 i.,’ 'J
I ‘
c . . ron-.-o ,ier w a fiill-Acoftcd .
member oi no A r. y L. in bee-
Fjt&ry H. iif .cr remarked, He is ‘
far more than a \ " e can
1
has . come upon
war emergency
us. He is a >either at all'times, a
so.d e- v» is a very important
I sri of cur everyday strength in
ucp'vit. ’
“Al ?. Active Army,” Mr. Bruc-
Per declares, “counts upon the
immediate availability of Nation-
al Guard units for the prompt ex-
pi" u of its combat forces in
, ear . ven, y."
*♦ ,
*
AMERICA'S Up-TO-THE-MfMUTE MEM
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editorial
To the “three R’s” of reading, writ¬
ing, and arithmetic, this is an appro¬
priate time for schoolagers and grown¬
ups alike to give a thought to the
fourth “R” for ready.
On George Washington’s birthday it
is particularly fitting to think about
the paramount importance of being
ready to stand up for the ideals you
believe in. On every occasion, in every
duty, George Washington was always
ready, Always up to the challenge.
The National Guard celebrates
George Washington’s birthday as its
annual “Muster Day.” As a group and
a. i individuals today’s Guardsmen live
ur» to the Washingtonian ideals. We
( n'nk the First President would be
] -oud of the way these up-to-the- Min¬
ute Men live by the immortal principles
which helped this nation win its in¬
dependence. figure
George Washington is a prime of
i:i the long and honorable history
li.e National Guard. He is one in the
long line of “great Guardsmen” who
START AY BOTTOM
TO REACH THE TOP
Starting ct the bottom seems
la be the surest way of reaching
the top in tha National Guard.
The three t<?p men in the Na’ion-
cl Guard today all began their
military careers as pr:vatc-s.
Major General Donald W. Mc-
Co’.vco, Chief of the National
Guard Bureau and No. 1 Guards¬
man hi the U. S. enlistid in the
New Jersey National Guard at
the aye of 16 for duty on the
Mexican Border, fie went on to
serve ( at 18!) as a regimental the
Kergcant major, one of
youngest in the AEF.
Mnj. ('en. Winston P. Wilson,
Deputy Chief National Guard Bu¬
reau and No. 1 Air Guardsman
in ITs capacity a; Assistant military
Chief for Air, began has
Service as private in the 154th
Observation Squadron, Arkansas
National Guard, in 1929.
Major General Clayton T.Kerr,
Assistant Chief for Army, Na¬
tional Guard Bureau, wore his
first olive drab uniform as a
cavalry private in the Texas Na¬
tional Guard in 1919.
A quick survey of the records
shows that of the major generals
in command of the 27 combat
divi. ions o’ the National Guard
today, i.9 of than have come up
iioni th? ranks.
From the ranks of the Guard
also have < .me many prominent
miiita y command'd General
Nathan F. Twining, Chairman of
the Joint. Chiefs of Staff, was
cice an Oregon Guardsmen. Gen-
< .1 1 rice C. Clarke, comman-
c r of the Continental Army
Command earned his Military
Academy appointment by way of
the New York National Guard.
From the ranks of the Guard,
too, cam" six President.' of tiie
United States — George Wash¬
ington, Abraham Lincoln, An-
J e.v Jackson, Chester Arthur,
kcodore Roose’x-lt, and Harry
L. Trumaa.
stresses
Active Amy, the Amy Nation-
al Guard,, and Army Reserve
share a tremendous vesponsibil-
ity for the security of the United
States in this ago of peril. In
order to carry out their vital
mission, they must work as one
dvnam5c team.*’
bi Each of them is, "an Indispen- of
fa c military \ clement our
defense team." *
The “One Army” concept which
has been a reality in wartime is
just as essential in peace if we
are to be prepared to react mil- ef-
jVctivc] jn the event of a
. T emergency. •- This is the op-
* -
inion . of General ■ Bruce C. Clarke,
commanding Command, general, Continen-
tal Army
General Clarke sums up his
view of the “One Army” philos-
ophy with this remark:
“We have no rivals this side
of the Iron Curtain. By unity
of Army effort, and the support
of our brother services, we will
maintain the combat readiness
to keep our real rivals where
they belong.”
’■RED SCRAMBLE" jet missions KEEP air
NATIONAL GUARDSMEN ON THE AtERT
The Air National Guard, America’s readiest Air
Force, is prepared to be in the skies and in action in a
of minutes should an enemy attempt a sneak aerial
against the United States.
Tests alerts have proved that elements of the Air
Guard’s 82 combat flying squadrons — 100 per cent
— can be in the air streaking to intercept a potential
invader, minutes after receiving a “red scramble” alert.
Realistic training — on the ground and in the air —
the most modern equipment available, under the resulted supervision
strict standards of the active Air Force ha3 in
formation of a powerful Air National Guard whose
readiness compares very favorably to that of the active USAF.
a
Gen. Wilson
that of the active United States
Air Force. attack and
“Should an enemy Na¬
thus provoke war, the Air
tional Guard is to immediately
take its place as an integral
part of the USAF — with the
same assignments, same mis-
sions ,-same responsibilities.”
Operational readiness—gauge
of a fighting force's ability to
get into action soonest and slug
it out with an enemy until vic¬
tory — is the highest in Air
Guard history, with ANG com¬
bat squadrons in possession of
operational readiness approach¬
ing m that of counterparts in the
active USAF.
The .. Air National Guard’s F-
81 squadrons, for example, as¬
signed to the USAF Tactical
Command, have an oper-
ationul read iness whjcfr w said
National Guard
Up-To-The-Minute Men Ready For
Any Wartime or Disaster Service
&
• <* , *****^f^sM % il-' W
§§
SUPERSONIC SABRE- •The ............ first-line arsenal ............ of the —.......—....... Air National
Guard includes seven squadrons equipped with the F-100 Super-
sabre. The hurtles skies over SOO Mi’ll.
READY
have devoted themselves to the ideal
of “R” is for ready. Washington was
a member of the militia in Virginia.
Like today’s Guardsmen who carry on
in the footsteps and traditions of the
old militia, he was a civilian- soldier
who took time to be concerned about
security of his country and community
at the same time that he held down
fulltime civil employment. <
George Washington did not think
this so unique. lie believed in it. He
put this belief into words and these
are words which hold a special mean¬
ing for our neighbors who belong to
the National Guard:
“Every citizen who enjoys the pro¬
tection of a free government owes not
only a portion of his property but even
of his personal services to the defense
of it.” I
Let this Muster Day and George
Washington’s birthday serve to remind
you to see how the Guard helps our
country keep its guard up!
Maj. General
Winston P. Wil¬
son, Assistant
Chief for Air
of the National
Guard Bureau,
; speaking of the
Air Guard’s role
in the nuclear
age, recently
said:
“The Air Na¬
tional Guard’s
.role is exactly
to be just about equal to
of counterpart squadrons in
active service. These are
drons that would, among
things, provide direct engaged in
for ground forces
combat. competing
Last year,
active USAF units in the
Force World Wide
Meet, the Air National
fired the first perfect score
the history of the
• At Highest Level
The ANG has already
over many peacetime performed
ments formerly
active USAF' units thus
them for other duties in
critical period.
In addition to its
combat units the Air National
Guard has ten support type
ing squadrons. An C-119
Group operating earmarked for
Boxcars is
assignment to the Military
Transport Service. Four troop
carrier squadrons belong
Tactical Air Command in the
event of an emergency, rein¬
forcing the USAF airlift cap¬
abilities. National Guard,
The Air
the highest level of both_
and individual proficiency in
history, is even in
a full-fledged member of the
Air Force first team, ,
A-Age Weapons
■ wl Air* UUUIU Rljnrfl
Greatly increased firepower
and more Century series super-
'Air sonic aircraft are in store for the
National Guard.
In the next 18 months, 12 Air
Guard squadrons earlier now models equipped of
with various
the Northrop F-89 Scorpion will
convert to the F-89J which cm-
■ ploys iho “Genie”, a nuclear air
defense missile.
Squadrons to be equipped . with
the F-89J are based along the
northern perimeter of the United
states and on the north Atlantic
coast. One Air Guard unit nl-
ready flying the F-89J is the
179th fighter interceptor squa-
at Duluth, Minnesota.
Four more Air Guard squa-
drons will acquire the North
American F-100 Supersabre this
number spring, bringing Guard to seven the
of Air units em-
plo.ving Three this squadrons, supersonic Including fighter.
the
199th fighter interceptor squa-
dron in Hawaii, are programmed
to receive the Convair F-102 Del-
ta Dagger during the next fiscal
year. The F-102 is a supersonic
air defense weapon system em-
ploying an advanced version of
tho Falcon missile.
Meanwhile, the U.S. Air Force
has announced that it may turn
over to Air Guard enough Lock-
heed F-104 Starfighter aircraft
to equip additional Air National
Guard squadrons. The Starfight-
er, also an air defense fighter,
is capable of flying at Mach 2
twice the speed of, sound, or
about 1400 miles an hour.
MUSTER DAY
The idea for “National
Guard Muster Day” has its
origins in colonial America
when the able-bodied men of
the community were “muster¬
ed” on the village green once
a year for a roll-call and ins¬
pection of arms. in size,
As the country grew
population, and stature the
loosely-formed Militia gave
way to more formal military
organizations. The Organized
Militia became a uniformed
and equipped force with sched¬
uled training periods in place
of an annual muster to count
noses.
The National Guard, succes¬
sor to the Organized Militia,
celebrates Muster Day each
year on February 22, birth¬
day of George Washington,
colonel in the Virginia Militia,
Father of his country, and
first president of the United
States.
R oun d The Clock Air Defense
A new dimension in defense is
reflected by around-the-clock
missions which have been assurn-
ed by picked units of the Army
and Air National Guard. Their
assignment is to participate ac-
tively in defending the U. S.
from possible sneak attack by
airborne intruders.
Army National Guardsmen, in
thi3 vital program, have stepped
from conventional weapons into
the field of guided missiles. In
what is without doubt one
the most important missions ever
assigned citizen-soldiers in peace-
time, Guardsmen are in the pro-
cess of taking over many NIKE
air defense sites from the Ac-
tive Army, Thus, members of
Guard units are on duty protect-
ing trial major population sneak and Indus- aerial
centers from
attack, on a 24-hour-a-day basis.
A similar air defense job has
been assigned to the Air Nation-
al Guard by the United States
Air Force. Currently, crews and
jet-powered aircraft from 20 Air
Guard Fighter-Interceptor involved in around- squa¬
drons are an
the-clock 5-minute runway alert.
Their job: to be in the air in
minutes, to intercept, identify,
and if necessary, destroy ap¬
proaching aircraft after receiv¬
ing a “scramble” order from the
Air Defense Command.
The Army Guard started
taking over active Army NIKE,
missile sites in September 1958.
The first on-site Guard outfit
was the 720th Missile Battalion
of Long Beach, California.
Eventually Army National
Guard missile battalions, operat-
ing as an integral element of
the Air Defense system will be
defending the U. S, from the
Atlantic to Hawaii.
The misniJe-age Guardsmen are
doing well both on the ground
and in the air, according to
ccttf testa. Aa on-site battery
Changes in the weapons and
of warfare cause very fre'”
reexamination of our mil¬
strategy, but one thing is
No matter what kind of
conflict we may face in
future, the National (Li;m,F>
Army and Air — will he east
the most vital role of its 300-
history.
This will be just as true in an
atomic war as in a so-
“limited war.”
The Guard, in fact, may well
our most important domestic
in the event of a nuclear
Dispersed as it is
the 50 States, Puerto
and the District of Colmn-
it would be impossible for
conceivable attack to destroy
a major part of its strength.
National Guard equipment, fa-
^‘ties, discipline.!, communications trained personnel nets, and
Would thus be invaluable in ex-
pediting military irtTS* and civilian re-
Thus the Guard would stand
ready to help Nip repel an enemy in-
va der °r to devastated ureas
recover and keep going until c -
VI * ,au authority could take over.
A* for even ‘limited war,’
Major General Donald W. Me-
C hief of the National
Bureau, points out tort,
? n expanded Guard to full strength wou.d
l mobilized, units
double the combat
of the Active Army.
“Our units would provide a
~ ooc j deal more than sheer bulk,”
explains. “They would prov-
j de so ldiers who have been tmin¬
cd to the highest peak of mobil-
in Nations’1
K'/ , f
Ijl. P'f' Ai
a
w iT*
■ Ur, ’’
Gcn McGo wan Guard and tie
. Air Guard lr:-
elude a large percentage of eem-
bat-experienced officers and men
from World War II and Korea,
Tho Guard stands ready to «;».
fend America under all cohtli-
tions. But there is another Na-
tional Guard mission: to be rqipiy
to serve State Governments dur-
ing local emergencies.
The National Guard was ready
when an explosives-laden morning truck
blew up in the early
hours last. August 7 in Roseburg,
Oregon (population 12,200.)
Civil Disaster Role
National Guardsmen prevent¬
ed looting, participated first in aid, rescue ar.d
operations, things gave under control.
The helped Guardsmen get not relieved
were
from active duty until August
15 — eight days later — when
the ravaged town was able to
stand on its own feet.
The Army National Guard and
Air National Guard were tb
when hurricanes struck in No.
Carolina and Florida — wk0»
floods raged in New Englatu"--'* fires
when ravenous, oil-fed
raged through a Texas port city
— when farmers and their pre¬
cious live stock wore threatened
with starvation and death in
blizzard-bound prairie States —
when epidemics raged — when
the Red Gross needed blood for
transfusions—when children were
lost in the wilderness.
The National Guard—470,000
volunteer citizens-soldiers — is
there to serve its communities,
States and nation in time of war
or
in Los Angeles area, for ex-
ample, was rated No. 1 in it <
region, competing against both
Guard ami Active Army outfits,
One of the Guard’s NIKE Bat-
talions fired 11 out of 12 syc-
cessful missiles at the While
Sands range — considered out-
standing by air defense experts.
Since the start of the runway-
alert program in 1954, the Air
National Guard has flown more
than 60,00(1 "hot scrambles, m-
training missions, m res-
ponse to Air Defense Command
orders.
On the ground and m the air
the National Guard’s up-to-the
Minute Men are carrying out day
to day first-line missions as part
of the U.S. first team in defence,
8 —I B II^ar*
,
. DEFENSE—U. , ... , fc- ; •«'
is boisterei. b’ .Army
Guard units manning
sites on t- lull time o»s.a.
PA HR SETH*
Guard history.”
Military lon-
frankly
count on Guard
units .substantial to suppiy.’
P art ^ Mcr *
ica’s ready eoni-
bat f o r c e s
should war
break out. Bo.ij
Ihe Arm >•