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PAGE FOUR £hf fa v cumuli Srihtnf Established 1*7S MRS. WXLLA A. JOHNSON--Editor & PublLsher EZRA JOHNSON.........Promotion & Adv. Rep. PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY 1009 WEST BROAD STREET Dial ADams 4-3432 — ADama 4-3433 Subscription Rates In Advance One Year ............ $4.12 Blx Months ............................... $31) 8 Single Copy __________________________.10 # Remittance must be made by Express. Post Office Money Order or Registered Mall. Second Class Mail Privileges Authorized at Savannah, Georgia THE “NEW YORK AGE” IS NO MORE The.following editorial appeared in the February 27. 1960 issue of the New York Age. It was with deep understanding sympathy that we read this final edi¬ torial of our contemporary newspaper whose struggles have been the same as Ours. Only through extreme conserva¬ tism, and “do it yourself” methods of • the publisher has the Savannah Tribune avoided a similar fate. ENDING SO GLORIOUS YEARS OF PUBLICATION By Chuck Stone This is an editorial that T didn’t think T would ever have to write. Even as I do it’s so heart-breaking to .accept the thought which will be translated into reality with this is¬ sue of the New York AGE. Because as of this issue—February 27. I960- -the New York AGE is no lrtore,. We have published for the last time. T know this comes as a shock to many of you who have been loyal to our. concept of journalism and who have believed, as did we, that there is a place in our society for an intel¬ lectually superior, militant, and fun- loving Negro newspaper. But economic facts dictated other¬ wise. A majority obviously didn’t agree with us. Ever since Mr. S. B. Fuller took over the AGE back in 1957, it has been a financially costly proposition. He sunt an incredible $300,000 fnto the AGE during his ownership, soar¬ ing no efforts to make it a first-class newspardu-. black or white. Circulation and advertising rev¬ enue, however, simply did not keep pace w*th the financial requirements . jdlV ■ - f >P AN ENCOURAGING SIGN FOR THE SOUTH (From the Carolina Times) Thh '■'■most encouraging sign that has cornw of th<> ‘sit-down protests in the F. W. Wool worth stores and others has been that uLymuur. white men and women who bate been willing to endure the humilia¬ tion of arrests, the scorn of many of their own group and reprisals. That many of them are from the South, often the deep south, lends hope that he time if? not far awnv when this region will pro¬ duce the calibre of leaders that can shed the inferiority complex which is an ob¬ session of many southerners. Older citizens of both races need to re¬ alize that whites as well as Negroes have a stake in the battle now being waged for freedom and human dignity. M hile segregation denies Negroes the freedom of body and mind it enslaves the souls of southern whites. The abolishment of slavery not only freed the Negro but the whites from the burden of an economy ba-sed on slave labor. Likewise, t he abolish¬ ment of segregation will not only bring a new birth of freedom to Negroes but it will free the white South from a segregated economy that prevents the Negro from shouldering his share of the tax burden, the civic and economic responsibility. The nine white students of Wake For¬ est College, Duke University and other schools who submitted to arrests in the sit-down strikes along with the fellow Negro students will some day be,acclaim¬ ed by history as the champions of liberty and the birth of a new era. History Over 30 Cities Braced by (Cuntlnuerr from Page O^e) the modus operandi is to retaliate. TUSKEGEE, Ala. Site of the present controversy over the gerry¬ mandering of Negroes outside the city limits, had some 300 Negro students parading the street in a ‘‘sympathy” protest tp the action taken at Alabama State College. TUSCALOOSA, Ala. — Inactive Ku Klux Klansmen were said to be recalled to active membership to join local and state police to cope with the sit-dftwners. BIRMINGHAM — Thirteen Ne¬ groes were arrested, hut not held, for displaying sign* advocating in¬ tegration in a park for Negroes. •» iHVILLE—The mass arrest of 181 students on charges of diz National Advertising Associated Publishers 55 West 42nd Street New York 36. New York 166 W. Washington Bt. Chicago 2. 111. Mr. Robert Whaiey Whaley-Simpson Company 6608 Selma Ave. Los Angeies 28, California Mr. Gordon Simpson Whaley-Simpson Company 700 Montgomery St. San Francisco 11, California A of the paper. During the last few weeks, it was still costing the pub¬ lisher over $2,000 weekly. That, you will agree, is a lot of bread. But post-mortems are like arm¬ chair strategists. They should nev¬ er get an airing. So, we won’t preside over a fun¬ eral, but rather remind Negroes ev¬ erywhere that our failures must be turned into successes. Every time we stumble as a race of people, we’ve got to pick ourselves up and run even harder. There’s no stopping to sit down to mourn the fallen. We would like to remember the AGE with a smile. With all of its lil’ ol’ 80 years, it was still young in spirit. With all of its beauty, its prestige as the oldest Negro newspa¬ per of continuous publication in America, its rib-tickling headlines, and its sound news analysis, it never caught fire. (And may the good Lord ignore that figure of speech). We’ll miss you. We hope you’ll miss us. And so from all of us— John Aigner, Augusta Bolden, Elaine Holden, Margaret Callender, Rhea Callawav. Harold Eastman, Anna Arnold Hodgeman, Al Floslev. Carl Lawrence. Jimmy Little, Thelma Minion. Carl Nesfield, Louise Stone, John Twitty, Stan Zimmerman, and a grand bunch of guys at Mattia Press, myself, and our publisher, S. 1>. Fuller — our sincere best wishes for your continued happiness, Be¬ hove in what is eternally good and right for our society, then fight hard for its growth. God bless you, good friends. has Her own way of taking the damned and the doomed and shining them uo for Ihe adoration and amazement of future generations. It takes no philosopher or sage to de¬ termine who in the end is the more in¬ jured; the hater or the hated, the per¬ secutor or the persecuted. The blind¬ ed white southerner must be sympathiz¬ ed with, hut he at the same time, must somehow be made to understand that it is no show of strength for him to assume the attitude that God has given him the right to look down his nose at another simply because there is a difference in skin color. He must be also made to see that the goal is an economic one as wet! as one for social justice and a poorly paid Negro employee, or one who is denied the opportunity to become employed in the higher salary 'brackets cannot con¬ sume his portion of the South’s manu¬ factured goods. The task will not be art easy one. It must be remembered that there are hun¬ dreds of thousands of southern whites who are still laboring under the warped notion that white makes right and that “a Negro has no rights that a white man is bound to respect.” Leaders of both i‘aces will need to use restraint, calmness and common sense. They must, howev¬ er, keep their eyes on the ultimate goal which is human dignity for American citizens of all races, creeds and colors. orderly conduct has so far in the conviction of seven — five Negroes and two whites. The fines ranged from $10-$50. CHATTANOOGA — A surface calm hung over the city after police, firemen and school offi¬ cials went to great pains to estab¬ lish a security program designed j to prevent further clashes. All i -tudents, whether white or Negro, I ! are barred from the business sec- tion of town, under pain of severe i disciplinary action. Students are j under orders to go directly home after school and male teachers pa¬ trol the streets to see that no stu- ! dent violates the order. TAMPA. Fla. A group of 100 Negroes, attempted for the second time in two days to obtain ice at nine white iulich counters and restaurants, hut with no re- ■ uits. Managers of the eateries .10! iifu.id i», ii c Similar demonstrations in St. NEGRO EDITORS- Ninth in A Series EDUCATE FOR FREEDOM Widow Publishes Newspaper In The Spirit of Her Unique Husband - Founder Petersburg, Sarasota and Daytona Beach, Fla., failed to win a re¬ versal of policy. ORANGEBURG, S. C. — Fol¬ lowing an earlier arrest of a white man and a Negro for fighting during a sit-down demonstration, some 100 students, armed with anti-bias signs, staged slow, silent march through the streets. The students, from South Carolina State and Chaflin Colleges, spoke to no one during the line of march. COLUMBIA, S. C. — A “tres¬ pass” hill similar to that passed in Virginia earlier, was approved by the House judiciary committee last week, and would subject violators j to a fine of up to $100 or 30 days J in jail. DENMARK, S. C. — Two white drugstores were invaded by 14 stu- i dents front Voorhees Junior Col- lege, last week, and were refused service. the owner phoned po- 1 lice, who took the students into TEE SAVANNAH TRIBUNE, SAVANNAH, GEORGIA ONLY AN EFFECTIVE CIVIL RIGHTS LAW CAN DO THAT The Kansas City CALL, during the year 1959, celebrated its 40th anniversary. Founded in May, 1919, by the late Chester Arthur Franklin, it was owned and oper¬ ated by him until his death on May 7, 1955. The present .publisher (a Mrs. Ada Cragman Franklin, widow of the paper’s founder. Since the death of Editor FiaqkUn,, Mrs Franklin and THE CALL family of more than 00 employees have carried on the paper in accordance with ideals and principles of its founder. 1 , Ui mio >1 Service to its community is first; among THE CALL’S objectives. Primarily ofMts terr/t6¥'y it seryes W the Negro itftf/'joms peo¬ ple it in all worthwhile project^ of'bene¬ fit to the citizenry as a whole. In THE CALL’S early years, it pressed for the right of Negroes to serve on juries. Today, the ap¬ pearance of Negroes as both petit and grand jurors is common-place. During World War II, THE CALL led in a community fight to obtain defense and war jobs. C. A. Franklin was chairman of a Brown Bomber drive through which Negro citizens were inspir¬ ed to purchase $285,000 in war savings bonds to enable the govern¬ ment to buy a bomber for use in the defense of the country. Recently THE CALI, has joined in the campaign for the wider em- ployment and upgrading of Ne- groes in business and industry, for the elimination of segregation in our public schools and in places of public accommodation. One of the most outstanding characteristics of THE CALL is custody and turned them over to school officials. GREENVILLE, S. C. — A sit- down in the public library was staged by 20-25 students accom¬ panied by the Rev. S. E. Kay, Baptist minister. There was no disorder, and the group stayed about 30 minutes. ROCH KILL, S. C. — While i Negroes were calling for economic boycotts and picketing of mer- chants , who , operated , , segregated , , eating facilities, a robed, but un¬ masked KKK parade was staged through the main streets. Simul¬ taneously, Friendship Junior Col¬ lege received an anonymous tele¬ phone bomb threat, which was dis¬ covered to be a fake. FEWWNAVOEO, N. C. — A nine-man advisory committee was appointed by the mayor to study the problem of race relations in this city which launched the sit- down movement. DURHAM. N. C.—A white girl was charged with assault and bat¬ tery for spittiug popcorn into the face of a Negro student picket at a lunch counter. HENDERSON, N. C.—A 14-90 day economic boycott of depart¬ ment stores was launched by the lot j 1 NAACP branch, SHELBY, N. C.—An attempt MRS. C. A. FRANKLIN it* emphasis upon CLEAN, whole¬ some pews as against crime and sensational stories. It was one of Mr. Franklin’s cardinal principles that the columns of THE CALL should cafry primarily news which inspires rather than degrades Ne¬ gro people. “Play up the good and play down the bad” was Mr. Franklin’s advice. Consequently, THE CALL’S front page does not feature head¬ lines about killings, shootings, sex offenses and other stories of a sen¬ sational nature. It does not ignore these items, however, but carries them on inside pages. Mrs, Franklin was born in At¬ lanta, Ga., the daughter of Dr. and Mrs. William Henry Crogman. Both of her parents were grad¬ to solve the impasse created by the sit-down strike was made by white and Negro leaders, but no headway was made. WINSTON-SALEM, N. C.—The protest aginst lunch counter bias moved from the stores to pulpits, where Negro ministers urged con¬ gregations to co-operate with an j NAACP request to boyeot all stores that have denied them lunch . i I counter service, FAYETTEVILLE, N. C.—Two dime-store lunch counters were closed last Week following a re¬ sumption by Negroes of their pro¬ test against biased service. MONROE. N. C. — Ten high school students put on a protest demonstration which forced two drug stores to close their lunch counters. RICHMOND, Va. — Thirty-four demonstrates were arrested for refusing to leave Thalhimers de¬ partment store after being refused lunch counter service. SUFFOLK, Va.—-The city or¬ dinance requiring permits for pub¬ lic meetings and demonstrations is “unconstitutional,” according to the American Civil Liberties union. The ACLU was referring to the arrest of two Negroes for sit- down, in People’., Service Dror Store and F. W. Woohvorth Com¬ uates of Atlanta University. Dr. Crogman was professor of Latin and Greek at Clark University for 37 years and was the first Negro to become its president, serving in that capacity for nine years. Ada Crogman Franklin received her A-B. deg re from Clark Uni¬ versity am{ .was graduated from Emerson College in Boston where she specialized in dramatics, in¬ cluding the production of plays and work in repertoire. Before meeting Mr. Franklin, she taught dramatic art, English classics and physical education at the Alabama State College at Montgomery, Ala., and at the Ten¬ nessee State A & I State Univer¬ sity, in Nashville. For three years, she served the Playground and Recreation Asso¬ ciation of America as national dra- piatic specialist, this position car¬ rying her through many cities where she worked with large groups of people. She met Mr. Franklin, a native Texan, when she came to Kansas City as producer of a pageant, “Milestones of a Race” which she presented in cities all over the country. Miss Crogman and Mr. Frank¬ lin were married in 1925 and for 30 years, Mrs. Franklin stood at her husband’s side in the publica¬ tion of THE CALL. She has had no formal training in newspaper work hut learned much about the business through her long and close association with her husband. Mr. Franklin often attributed his success to the two women in his life, his mother, the late Clara Belle Franklin, and his wife, Ada. pany store. PETERSBURG, Va. — The pub¬ lic library, scene of a “sit-down" protest, may revert to public con¬ trol, if the city council refuses to integrate it. The library was do¬ nated 35 years ago by a private individual, who stipulated that separate facilities must be main¬ tained for-whites and Negroes. MADISON, Wis. — Thirty Uni¬ versity of Wisconsin students un¬ dertook a march from the campus to the capital square in protest of segregation incidents in the South. CHICAGO - The downtown F. W. Woohvorth store was picketed ; by some 200 area collegians in sympathy for the arrest of stu- | dents in Nashville, Tenn. Similar pieketings were carried on at the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colo., by the NAACP in ! Cincinnati; by 250 Rutgers Uni¬ versity students in New Brun- I wick, N. J. In Knoxville, Tenn., a bi-racial j group met with the mayor in an effort to thwart the spreading of the sitdowns to this city. Other “sympathy” protests were being staged in Boston, Philadel¬ phia, Berkeley. Calif., Patterson, Trenton, Newark, -Tersey City, and Elizabeth, ail in New Jersey, and SATURDAY, MARCH 12, 1960 Letters to the Editor • •• Dear Editor: At times, it becomes necessary j stop and re-read some of the ; historic documents that made ; America great. We have stop and examine ourselves and! ask meaning ourselves of do {he we word know the DEMO- red J j CRACY? In reality, democracy is people working for individual freedom in a representative government. On behalf of these people, I speak for the principles for democracy and their advancement throughout the world. And what are these principles? The principles are of freedom and they best illustrated by * in¬ are dividuals: freedom of decision as the voter marks his ballot and as the Senator battles for legislation; freedom of protection, as the po¬ liceman directs traffic and the judge gives interpretation of law; freedom of expression, as the radio commentator analyzes all the news, and the clergyman tells his reli¬ gion to anyone who will listen. These are the principles, the con¬ cepts of democracy. The problem is how to apply these principles here in our own land. If we were to reread our Bill of Rights, we would find that be¬ fore this document was added to the Constitution, it was like a body without a soul. The giant of totallitarian state slavery moves over the world. Wherever that shadow fails, this document is obliterated. That shadow has fallen over the United States. Why do some people fight the truth and the real meaning of our historic documents? The fight is a fruitless one because all of the basic rights guaranteed by these documents, are engraved on the Between The Lines .I.'ilr* By Dean Gordon B. Hancock for ANP The Tragedy Of Interracial Understanding ,l ' The Tragedy of Interracial Understanding When World War I had been successfully concluded for the United States and its allies, it left the Negroes with high hopes which were doomed to disappoint¬ ment. The war had reputedly been fought to make the world safe for democracy and with this in mind the Negroes gave freely and thou- sands gave all, even their lives. But when Negroes returned from Europe they found the doors of full-fledged citizenship strongly barred when he sought to enter. Violence broke out in the South and Judge Lynch took the bench and served notice on the returned Negro soldiers that the democracy which the war was fought to make safe, was not meant for him. In order to shield the Negro from too severe disillusionment, interracial committees on inter¬ racial “understanding” were organ¬ ized throughout the South, which had for their purpose the lessen¬ ing of the impact which the great disillusionment brought with it. The committee on interracial co¬ operation which enjoyed such pop¬ ularity for a short spell, function¬ ed very much as the bumper of the automobile; it does not prevent the collision but lessens the im¬ pact and the damage. The extent to which the inter¬ racial movement served to miti¬ gate the impact of the Negro's disillusionment served a worthy purpose. But through the subse¬ quent years the committees on in¬ terracial cooperation lost their ap¬ peal; for it became apparent that they were designed primarily to keep the Negro illusioned about his status as an American citizen. The organization of the Durham Conference and the Southern Re¬ gional Council which stemmed from' it, was the first break with the principle and purpose of the movement implemented by the or¬ ganization of committees on in¬ terracial cooperation. The Council faced up to the fact that the movement of the Southern Commission on Inter¬ racial cooperation was paternalis¬ tic in its outlook and purpose. It patently was designed to camouflage the fact that the by the U. S. National Student as¬ sociation, which has offered to aid students engaged in non-violent protests of unequal conditions throughout the country. The final scene of activity is Oklahoma City where sitdown pro¬ hearts of each of us. Personal and unlimited power has destroyed the liberties of many people in ancient and modern times. can happen to you, and mai'be, subtly and unknowingly*© yoO, it is happening. The roads of liberty are unob- sfructed and give us the right to do as we please in the activities to which they lead so long plearse to do right. Freedom independence, the result of indus¬ triously exercising liberty, are the jewels we know in our commerce, industry, agriculture, security, pro¬ fessions and recreations. In contrast to other ways of life our American way is dynamic as it releases the individual personal¬ ity from bondage and encourages self-expression. In a recent publi¬ cation entitled “Democracy,” Harry Emerson Fosdick writes, ‘‘Demo¬ cracy is based upon the conviction that there are extraordinary pos¬ sibilities to ordinary people.” It is individualistic and person¬ al for it is left up to the choice of the individual if he is to be- associated with the Shriners or the Jewish Alliance or the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. It is his choice ♦ if he is to own his own home or pay rent to his neighbor. If his choice is none, then that is hi*,, own business. -j* Let us do something about re¬ storing the true meaning and sig¬ nificance of our historic document*. , Let us show the people across the seas that we practice peaceful co¬ existence as well as preach it. Let us show that we have only one race here in America, the Human Race. Let us, above all, practice equality and justice for ail. Yours truly, Leford Tobias, Jr. South’s “not now” was a smooth, way of saying “no never.” The,, stiff opposition the Negro is meet¬ ing in his current effort to attajn to his full citizenship shows that what understanding” was once called in “interracial fact in£ej‘-, was racial misunderstanding. Today we have interracial tfrt'U derstanding with whites showing that full citizenship for Negroes | is foreign to their purpose and program and with Negroes who are resolved not to be denied. The situation is tragic but re¬ velatory of the real purpose of the Negro and the white man. The current picture of Negro students protesting against segregation and the evils thereof and of whites, sworn to opposition, is a much truer picture than that of whites and Negroes sitting around a dis¬ cussion table forty years ago. Today whites are brutally frank and brutally frank are the Ne¬ groes. As ugly as the picture cur¬ rently is, it offers a more fruitful basis of interracial adjustment. More strength to the younger generation of Negroes who express and demonstrate their resentment for segregation and the limita¬ tions in a way Negroes dared not forty years ago. What those Negroes of forty years ago did makes possible what the young J Negroes of today are doing. A Interracial understanding today f is tragic, but it holds possibilities of a better tomorrow. There are some complaints where the pat¬ ient grows worse before he g«$* better. r It is fervently to be hoped; tf»e current interracial situation is but a prelude to an interracial under¬ standing that will eventuate into a brotherhood of man. The current sit-down movement among the Negro students of the South us a protest against segre¬ gation and the Supreme Court de¬ cisions have put upon our profer- ed “interracial understanding” a strain it could not stand. Now we have real interracial understand¬ ing. The white man kr-'ws what the Negro wants; the Negro knows how determined the white man is that he will not get it. But such is interracial understanding. tests have been in progress for more than 18 months, and are still continuing. However, unlike other locales, there has been no violence attending the sitdowns, and many places have reversed their segre¬ gation policies. .,