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page four fchf $mmm\iQvkvM Established 1175 MRS. W1LLA A. JOHNSON.-Editor A Publisher EZRA JOHNSON________Promotion A Adv. Rep. PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY 1009 WEST BROAD STREET Dial ADams 4-3432 — ADams 4-3433 Subscription Rates In Advance One Year ............ $4.12 Blx Months______________________ $3.09 Single Copy ______________________________ .10 Remittance must be made by Express, Post Office Money Order or Registered Mall. Second Class Mail Privileges Authorized at Savannah, Georgia EDITORIAL OPINIONS FROM THE NATION'S PRESS (Compiled by Associated Negro Press) Here are reactions of some of the na¬ tions daily papers to the • wave of sit down demonstrations against jirri crow lunch counters; POST DISPATCH, ST. LOUIS: ‘‘It is a little unfair therefore, to ask that the leaders of the sit-downs call off their demonstrations. If any commun¬ ity wants to be comfortable, the way to do it is to remove the basic cause for the demonstrations.” THE STAR. WASHINGTON, I). (’. “We think the “sitdown” tactic is both wrong and potentially self-defeat¬ ing.” NEWS AND COURIER, CHARLESTON, S. C. “We find it regrettable that Negro col¬ lege students, supposed to be on the road to maturity, should risk community ex¬ plosion.” THE POST, DENVER, COLO.: “And, after all, what is so proper or gentle-manlv about segregation? Or group discrimination of any type for that matter ?” MORNING NEWS. WILMINGTON, DEL. “The American Negro’s gentle revolu¬ tion against gross racial injustice is one of the most remarkable revolutions in history.” THE JOURNAL. WINSTON-SALEM, N. Cj “For the present, at least, the fourth course of action-closing counters which »$• «$•*£-• *<• v ****** *!* * 1 * v v *!* *'* •** v v v v v *!* *«* *»•* *!* *!* * 1 * *!* v* *1* *!• v *»* *»■* *•* *•’ *»* *»* *»* *«* *»* ^ 2 )o 2 H*ops By R. W. Gadsden The lives of many of the world’s greatest personages have borne eloquent testimony to the role of good family life played in shaping the couvs4 of civilization. Abra¬ ham Lincoln, the great humani¬ tarian, has stated as succinctly as it can be stated what his moth¬ er’s influence on his life meant to him when he says, “All I am or all I hope to be, I owe to my angel mother.” For the point in¬ tended here, the implication is plain. E very boy or girl, man or worn -1 an, who gets into trouble with | the law, had a mother or father and began his life in a family which is the crucible-- the training ground—for the offsprings’ fu¬ ture. If it is what it should be, good. If not, what have you? The following quotation taken from the report of the S t a t e School Superintendent to the gov¬ ernor and General Assembly, shows, very properly, the school’s concern for the home’s role and responsibility in training children for today’s a n d tomorrow’s world. “ ‘People never get beyond the influence of their first homes. They may grow and live in big¬ ger, finer houses. Hut they carry the influence of the first home with them as long as they are alive upon the earth. If it was a place of older and beauty no matter how simple they are se¬ rene and secure. If it was full of jangled confusion, they go rest- less and seeking through the earth ' as long as they live, perhaps nevei : Federal Intervention Sought In Student Protest ORANGEBURG, S. (’.—Presi¬ dent Eisenhower has been called upon “to act immediately to have the Department of Justice and the Attorney General join in the de¬ fense of the 450 Negro students from South Carolina State and Claflin colleges” who have been arrested for participating in peace¬ ful demonstrations for the elimina¬ tion of Jim Crow at lunch count¬ ers in this city. The appeal was sent to the Pres- iuerO t.y I, DeQuineey Newman, NAACP field secretary for South National Advertising Representative* Associated Publisher* 55 West 42nd Street New York 36. New York 166 W. Washington 8t. Chicago 2, 111. Mr. Robert Whaley Whaley-Simpson Company 6608 Selma Ave. Los Angeles 28, California Mr. Gordon Simpson Whaley-Simpson Company 700 Montgomery St. San Francisco 11, California ft provide seats for customers—may be the wisest. Those store managers who choose to provide eating facilities could then serve all customers standing up.” THE MANNER, NASHVILLE, TENN. “There is no place in Nashville for flannel-mouth agitators, white or colored —under whatever sponsorship, imported for preachment of mass disorder; self- supported, vagrants, or the paid agents of strife-breeding organizations.” COMMERCIAL APPEAL, MEMPHIS “Any claim that the demonstrations are planned to be “nonviolent” is spe¬ cious.” THE NEWS, DETROIT “It is obvious now to everyone that the Southern Negro, and particularly the ris¬ ing generation, does not approve of the sacred Southern “way of life.” He does not now want to be a second-class citi¬ zen, no matter what Uncle Toms of the past wanted.” ADVERTISER, MONTGOMERY, ALA. “The Negroes are as misled by King, Abernathy and busy vankee missionaries as were the slaves by promises of 40 acres and a mule.” THE POST. WASHINGTON, I). C. “Anyone has a right, of course, to in¬ vite whom he pleases to his home. But when he invites the general public to pa¬ tronize his premises on paying basis, be has an obligation to conform to public standards of health, safety and decency.” knowing why, or what it is their heart® are seeking, and too often never finding.’ ’’ it implies the inescapable in- teraetion and interdependence of these two imperatively important institutions home and school; its implications for the heads of these institutions is obvious. Of equal concern for the home life of children is the church whose benedictions usually solemnize the union out of which the f a m i 1 y springs. The interaction and in- teidependence of the church and home have paramount significance for the rearing of children, and the family which fails for any rea¬ son, to accept the moral and spir¬ itual undergirding that union with the church makes possible, is tak¬ ing a terrific gamble with the lives of children, the future citi¬ zens who will soon he on their own; who will soon have to make choices in a world which offers many opportunities for making choices, in a world where there is a high way and a low, a right and wrong way, the real and the make-believe. As a rule, chil¬ dren who are reared in a well- ordered and wisely disciplined home and family, do not become law breakers and criminals. Nat King Cole in the current issue of Ebony expresses beautifully the kind of home that will solve the delinquency problem, the kind of home children are entitled to. The home, school and the church can do something about our problems if they accept the challenge of in- teraetion and interdependence. Carolina, following Mr. Eisenhow- cr’s declaration at his news con¬ ference on March 16 that the stu¬ dent demonstrations “are unques- tionably a proper expression of a conviction of the group which is making them.” The President further said that he was “deeply sympathetic with the efforts of any group to enjoy •the rights, the rights of equality that they are guaranteed by the Constitution.” In a tc-hgram to pre-ident Eis- enhowc>, Mr. Newman charged that “America's image as a citadel of liberty has been dealt a serious blow both at home and abroad by the cowardly and bestial actions of the Orangeburg police officers who used tear gas and other Nazi-like tactics to subdue a helpless crowd of defenseless Negro students.” Meanwhile, Gov. Ernest F. Roll¬ ings made clear his intent to prose¬ cute the students to the limit. He assigned his chief legal aide, Harry Walker, to join Assistant Attorney General James Vevnor and the local district attorney in prosecuting the cases against the students. Magistrate D. Marchant Culler, in whose court the trials are being held, overruled defense counsel’s plea for continuation of the cases in order to allow time for proper preparation. However, he grant¬ ed the motion for jury trials. The panel from which the jury is to be selected is all-white. Determined to push through with speedy trials, Magistrate Culler announced that he would hold court night and day and try the students in groups of 15 each. Representing the students are NAACP attorneys Matthew Perry and Lincoln Jenkins. * Addressing a student mass meet¬ ing here on March 16, Herbert Wright, NAACP youth secretary, expressed pride in “each and every one of you for the well-disciplined and peaceful, non-violent protest which you are making against the continuation of segregation in places of public accommodation.” He denounced the use of “a high pressure fire hose to subdue and beat to the ground by the force of the water, a blind, helpless 17-vear-old co-ed from South Car¬ olina State College, whose only ‘crime’ was that she joined in a crowd of her classmates to dem¬ onstrate peaceably for the exercise of her constitutional rights.” In the meantime, Rev. H. Prince I Sharper, president of the South j Carolina NAACP branches, State Conference issued of a state¬ ment condemning the “fascist-like j tactics of police officers seeking j lo deny citizens the right of order- i ly protest,” and concluding “that appeal to federal agencies is our ] last resort. Regretfully, these ap¬ peals will be made immediately, for j officials of our state and munici- j palities have shown no inclination to hear the student grievances or to seek a democratic solution to ; t hr problem., po„ed by their pro- l test.” THE SAVANNAH THIBUNE, SAVANNAI1, GEORGIA A STRONG CIVIL RIGHTS BILL WILL PROVE TO THE WORLD IT’S NOT SO NEGRO EDITORS- Eleventh in A Series EDUCATE FOR FREEDOM Informer Newspaper’s Success Due to Militant Editorial Teamwork and Dynamic Personalities THE INFORMER GROUP OF PAPERS is the product of the ef¬ forts and responsibility of C. N. Love, longtime editor uf the TEXAS FREEMAN; W. E. King, founder and publisher pf the DALLAS EXPRESS; C. F, Rich¬ ardson, Sr., founder and editor; of THE INFORMER; J. Alstp*, At¬ kins, longtime editor of THE IN¬ FORMER, and Carter Wesley, pre¬ sent publisher of THE INFOR¬ MER CROUP OF PAPERS. D. E. King and C. N. Love es¬ tablished their papers in 1892 and 1893, respectively. They fought 'off the efforts to stifle the Negro’s votes arid activity in the Republi¬ can Partjt; : then later the efforts to isolate the vote of Ne¬ groes in a weakened Republi¬ can Party, us the. scheming iMders of Texas worked toward making the Democratic Party lily-white. These two men exposed lynch.* ings, they worked in the forefront of winning the right to simple jobs for the lately-freed Negroes. They worked to corral the meager means of their race for such park facili¬ ties and other conveniences as they could get. They rallied the forces of their race behind the NAACP, when it came to life in 1909. In 1919 C. F. Richardson, Sr., entered the lists and became nation¬ ally known for his courageous fights for the rights of Negroes to participate in the Democratic Primary, but he went into the courts as plaintiff himself on sev¬ eral occasions. From 1919 through 1938 C. F. Richardson was known over the nation as one of the most militant protagonists of the rights of the Negro race in the South. In fact, C. N. Love, W. E. King and C. F. Richardson set a mark of courageous service to their people, which has not been surpass¬ ed anywhere in the South. In 1927 J. Alston Atkins and Carter Wesley came into the pic¬ ture as they joined up with C. F\ Richardson and George Webster to incorporate THE INFORMER and extend its services and volume. [ Veteran C. N. Love was still active¬ ly publishing his TEXAS FREE¬ MAN, but W. E. King had gone to his reward. The active responsibility of Wes- Y-Teens Begin Annual Potato Chip (Continued from Pasre One) tered teenagers, the Y-Teens, greet I them with smiles, and ask them to purchase potato chips. School buys and girls, arc ask¬ ed to make their potato chip pur- CARTER W. WESLEY ley and Atkins in the newspaper field began in 1930, shortly after THE FREEMAN^iad been merged with THE INFORMER. It is not possible to successfully separate the work of Atkins and Wesley as they worked together in this paper over the years. From the beginning J. Alston Atkins \yas the editor, and remains connected with paper in that light until this day. Atkins’ contribution was not only in editorial writing, but he served as lawyer for many a plaintiff who attacked the Democratic Primary my mandamus on the local level, and it was he who conceived the Grovey vs. Townsend Case and carried it to the Supreme Court of the United States, in an effort to , break , the , Democratic . Primary. . As , to the breadth and the ceaseless ness of his fight against wrong, and his struggle for opportunities for his race, readers over the years need but reflect back over the I many years, when they found leadership in the fight for equal ! rights for all men. Most of these years Texas has led in the fight the rights of , .. Negroes . the to win m South , to vote, and , ; indeed, . , , up until 1954, , ,,, Texas led all the states . . the ., South o ... the ,, tight , . for , equal , in in t ^ Perhaps the contribution made by Atkins and Wesley through the newspaper chain was due to the chases at their homes or on the streets as no potato chips will be sold at school. The two distribution points for fact that;both of' them were train- j ed work in in law. the Much of th‘e basic | Primary Cases was dont; by Atkins, and it was freely given to any lawyers who were I bringjpg sirqjlar fights, including Nixon’s lawyers in El Paso, and many other lawyers of our group | irt the state. Even when : the Supreme Court would render | a decision against Negroes enter- j mg' the primaries, it was never long before Texas would have de- J again vised another the attack road and gone back ; on to the Supreme ! Court. It was not any accident that the Sweatt Case became the leading | case for opening up Southern uni- | vei-sities on the graduate level. At- j kins and Wesley not only helped to'get this case ladnched, but The I Informer guaranteed Sweatt em- 1 ployment against any reprisals that might be taken as a result of his being a plaintiff in tj^e case, and actually gave him employment. J The Informer, under the leader- I ship of Atkins and Wesley, served as the thread for most of the drives to raise money for these various suits for advancement in the state.. I Throughout the history of the , j | papers that make up the Informer Group, the men responsible for the chain have attacked Wrong wher¬ ever they found it, w'hether in the office of the Chief of Police, the Mayor, the Governor, or the in¬ grained political parties. It is an interesting commentary | that C.* N. Love, our first editor ! and publisher, as plaintiff carried i lap to , the ,, Supreme „ Court _ . of . the United States the first suit against the primary in Love vs, Wilcox (1924); J. Alston Atkins, current- j against ly editor, Townsend handled from Grovey’s the Justice case j I | of the Peace Court to the Supreme j I Court Heman of Sweatt, the United plaintiff States in 1936; in the . I j Sweatt Case, not only was an em- ployee , on the editorial side of the > | paper as the case wound its way J ' to the , Supreme Court, _ , but the was | beneficiary ... of , the ,, action . of* , The 1 Informer’s having helped to raise ! the money for the suit, and sub- sequently helping to raise the ; money to send him to school. j the Y-Teens to receive chips are J the YMCA West Center, Yamacraw and i Village, Bryan Street, I Robert Hitch Village, Community I Building, 840 Hull Drive. Our Past This Week By Fannie S. Williams An ANP Feature March 22, 1950 — Charles E. Toney died at the age of 72. One of the 1st two Negroes elected judges in Manhattan’s Municipal Court. March 24. 1941 — “Native Son" opened at tin- Si. .1 mu t! . .. ter in New York City. Based on Richard Wright’s novel by the same name it starred Canada Lee. j The play ran 114 performances. March 26, 1948 — Dr. Donnely j H. Turpin of Nashville died at ! 55. He was dean-ememitus of Meharry Medical College and past- j pr< id. rt of the National Dental j association. I SATURDAY, MARCH 36, 1960 Between The Lines By Dean Gordon B. Hancock for ANP THE NEGRO REVOLTS AGAINST TYRANNY Segregation is a form of ty¬ ranny. It stems from race prej¬ udice that feeds on the miseries and degredation of others less for¬ tunate. The current sit-down of Negro students in many states, is a mild form of protest to be sure, but it symbolizes the Ne¬ groes revolt against the tyranny >f segregation. This great nation of ours w*as fouaded in an atmosphere of re¬ volt against tyranny. The young Colonists said that “Taxation with¬ out representation is tyranny” and if that was true in Revolutionary times it is true today. The fact that the Negroes of the South are taxed without rep¬ resentation cannot be successfully controverted. Neither can the fact that force is employed to keep the Negro in a state of semi-subjuga¬ tion. It is true that the mob is al¬ ways available to keep Negroes within the line that segregation has prescribed. Every Negro born and reared in the South and lives to get out, and every Northern- born Negro who comes into the South and lives to get out, suc¬ ceeds because he lives within the prescribed rules that segregation has laid down. There are no exceptions to these rules. The fact; that Negroes have made progress in spite of these rules is one of the highest ! tributes to the Negroes genius and abilitfy. But the miracle of miracles is happening today in ways that in¬ dicate that no longer is the Ne¬ gro afraid to make known his dis¬ satisfaction with second rate citi¬ zenship. Armed with the asurance that he who suffers for the right is abetted by Time and God and Right, the Negro refuses to be afraid to take a stand against tyranny, even though such stand resembles the contest between David and Goliath. Strength was on the side of Goliath so far as physical as¬ pects were concerned; but so far as the moral aspects were con¬ cerned, the strength lay with David with his consecrated sling-shot and small stone. A new day dawns in this coun¬ try when' Negroes refuse to be frightened into submission with the tyranny of segregation. There¬ fore the current revolt is a healthy sign for the nation and the Ne¬ gro. What is significant indeed is the evidence that Negroes are not NAACP Urges Nationwide of Jim Crow Chains NEW’ YORK — Members and friends of the National Associa¬ tion for the Advancement of Colored People throughout the country have been urged, as a matter of “racial self-defence . . . to withhold retail patronage from all units of the chain variety stores in all sections of the country which maintain a policy in their southern stores of refusing to serve Negro customers at lunch counters on the same basis as other customers.” In a memorandum to officers of NAACP state conferences, local branches, yputh councils and col¬ lege chapters, dated March 16, Exe¬ cutive Secretary Roy Wilkins cit¬ ed the previous day’s developments in the civil rights struggle. These included the announcement of chain store owners that they intend to continue to refuse to serve Negro customers at lunch counters in the South, the mass arrest of students protesting this discrimination in Georgia and South Carolina, and the whittling dowm of civil rights legislation in the Congress. “It is apparent,” he said, “that the full power of southern state governments including special laws rushed through the legislatures, as well as state, local and county police forces, is being used to sup¬ port chain variety stores in their anti-Negro lunch counter policies, | and that at the very height of this , persecution the federal govern- ment, through the Congress of the United States, is steadfastly refus¬ ing to legislate adequate relief.” In the face of this onslaught, Mr. Wilkins pointed out, “Negro Americans are forced to fall back upon their own resources — spiri¬ tual, economic and political . . . in their campaign for equality and human dignity.” The Association’s Board of Di¬ rectors at its meeting on March 14 agreed “to support fully the pro¬ t e ®t demonstrations aimed at the humiliating policy of chain variety stores and to resist persecution alone in the struggle against the tyranny of segregation. Negro students are being abetted by white students in divers parts of the United States. In a letter re¬ ceived a few days ago, we are told that students on Harvard Uni¬ versity campus built a snow man and hung upon him signs and slogans which lent encouragement to the Negro’s current revolt against the tyranny of segrega¬ tion. What is more, students were making plans to picket the Wool worth stores in Greater Boston. These white students know that the fight against segregation is the fight for this nation’s sur¬ vival and well-being. One of the things which should hearten the Negro is the convic¬ tion that he is revolting not only against segregation but against the enemy of this country’s sur¬ vival. , When white students in Rich¬ mond and Boston join hands with Negro students in their revolt against segregation they are strengthening the moral defenses of the nation and if not now, there will rise up a generation which will hallow and bless th^ir names. The thing that makes the Negro formidable in his current struggle for freedom is his strong moral position which in the end will be most conclusive. When Jesus Christ was battling against the scribes and pharisees and the powers of Rome, his cir¬ cumstantial position appeared weak and untenable, but it was his moral strength that carried the day and set aburning the Gos¬ pel fires that have burned these nearly two thousand years. The thing that the revolting Ne¬ groes are doing will outlive those, who are currently trying to con¬ tain them. : • “We are beaten back in many a fray, But never strength we borrow; The gates of hell are strong to¬ day, i, But Right will rule tomorrovy.” Who knows but that these re*- volting young Negroes have come to the scene for such a time as this? What they are doing may seem far-fetched and useless b^t j they are pioneering in ways and means to free themselves from the tyranny of segregation. . . It is fervently to be hoped that , oldsters, hungry for notoriety, will get out of the way! connected therewith,” the NAACP leader reported to local units. Accordingly he asserted, “all or¬ ganized units of the NAACP are advised that a racial self-defense policy on an expanded scale is in effect as of the date of this mem¬ orandum.” “That policy, he ex¬ plained, encompasses the withhold¬ ing of patronage from the offend¬ ing chains. In addition to the F. W. Wool- worth, S. S. Kresge, S. H. Kress & W. T. Grant chains, the memoran¬ dum named Thalhimer’s Depart¬ ment Store in Richmond, Va., “which was the first to swear out individual warrants for students by name and where, outside the store, Richmond police, using a huge police dog, dragged the wife of a national Board member off to Exempted from this national policy of withholding patronage are “stores in several southern cities which have changed their practices and are now serving Negro customers at their lunch counters.” In a list of procedures designed to guide the local units in theiT pro¬ tests, a separate memorandum warns against attempts of out¬ siders to infiltrate the movement. Other elements, including Com- munist and related groups, un- doubtedlv will try to 'muscle in’ with their slogans,' picket signs and literature. Every reasonable and firm effort should be used to pre¬ vent such intrusion,” the memoran¬ dum warns. However, the supplementary memorandum urged the local branches to seek the cooperation such non-Communist groups as churches, lodges, trade unions, social and civic clubs. Ministers, it out, “can be especially help¬ ful in interpreting the purpose of protest to their congregations.” Register to Vote Today!