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LIBRARIES AND FREEDOM: An Editorial
By E. J. Jdsey, Librarian
Savannah State College
Americans will be bombarded with words
in newspapers, in magazines, on radio and
television, and in some instances, at public
forums, on the importance of National
Library Week. The purpose of National
Library Week is to promote and empha¬
size the importance of reading and libra¬
ries in American life. The celebration is
sponsored by the National Book Commit¬
tee, Inc., in cooperation with the American
Library Association. “Open Wonderful
New Words—wake up and Read,” the
slogan, if it is taken literally, will enrich
the lives of thousands of American citi¬
zens who never read a book.
Since the word library is inextricably
interwoven with the word freedom, it is
pertinent for us to center our thoughts on
libraries and freedom.
The library is one of "the few remain¬
ing institutions which succors freedom-
Within the serene walls of a library, the
individual may feel free to lose himself in
the wonderful world of books. Away from
the noise of roaring jet planes, and the
hustle and bustle of busy streets, he is
able to exercise a freedom of choice which
is almost unparallel in this age of mass
conformity. Here on library shelves, he
may commune with the great minds of
the ages such as: Aristotle, Rosseau, Kent,
Jefferson and Locke. If he prefers, his
contemporaries; Allen Drury, Harry Gold¬
en, John Horsey, Vance Packard or Rich¬
ard VV right, are also there for his consul¬
tation. He is at liberty to choose tin- good
and the bad, the controversial and the
non-controversial or the scholarly and
the commonplace. The printed page con¬
tinues to be the only media in which the
individual has a choice insofar as personal
tastes are concerned.
Among 1he many ireedoms that the li¬
brary pleads in defense of is the freedom
from fear Fear is one of the most tyran¬
nical demons to plague the mind of mod¬
ern man. Most of man's inhumanity to
man stems from fear. Nations fear other
nations! Racial groups fear other racial
groups! Men fear their fellowman! Why
is there so much fear in this world? The
crux of the matter is there is a lack of
knowledge and appreciation of other na¬
tions, cultures, ethnic groups and even
man himself.
Libraries of all kinds -college, public
and school—are able to eradicate these
OPEN
Wonderful
new WORLDS.
WAKE UP AND fiV
READ!
NATIONAL LIBRARY WEEK • APRIL
Tor a BelteL-‘Read,Betbeu-Informed America
Announces
Platform For Presidency
WASHINGTON (ANPi—In an¬
his candidacy for the
Presidential nomination, Sena-
Stuart Symington, Democrat
of Missouri, advocated a “first-
first-rate, first-p lace
in defense and
affairs.
And on the domestic front he
called for a sound investment
program ui the field^of educa-
tion, health, slum cl-oarance,
National Advertising Representatives
Associated Publishers
65 West 42nd Street
New York 36. New York
166 W. Washington 8t.
Chicago 2, 111.
Mr Robert Whaley
Whaley-Simpson Company
6608 Selma Ave.
Los Angeles 28. California
Mr. Gordon Simpson
Whaley-Simpson Company
700 Montgomery St.
San Francisco 11, California
A
American citizens may find histories of
other nations, biographies of leading per¬
sonages from other cultures, books on the
aspirations and dreams of various ethnic
groups, and mauy volumes on human rela¬
tions which will do much to dispel man’s
fear of man. If our citizens would read
these tomes, the understanding and appre¬
ciation gained therefrom will ensure peace
in our time.
Turning to a basic freedom, man’s right
to knowledge, the library stands as a pre¬
server of all that man has thought and
written. To say that the library contri¬
butes to education would be superfluous.
The Library is the bastion of education!
The library is not a handmaiden to edu¬
cation. It undergirds all intellectual ac¬
tivity! The freedom of access to informa¬
tion on any conceivable subject places the
library in the realm of being the great
champion of man's right to knowledge.
Freedom of job opportunity is perpetu¬
ated by the library. Distinguished Amer¬
icans such as: Andrew Carnegie, George
Washington Carver, and Harry Golden
have borne impressive testimony that the
library contributed immeasurably to suc¬
cess in their chosen fields of endeavor-
Thousands have become proficient in some
skill or profession through the use of
books and libraries. Andrew Carnegie
displayed his gratitude by spending
millions of dollars to build public and
college libraries throughout these United
States. The public library, a non-school
agency which educates, has millions of
grateful patrons who have passed corre¬
spondence courses and civil service ex¬
aminations only through the excellence of
its readers’ advisory services, reference
services and book collections.
Lastly, LIBRARIES befriend DEMO¬
CRACY which ultimately sustains all of
our cherished American freedoms. The
Library Services Act which brings library
service to an additional thirty million
Americans in rural areas is clearly indica¬
tive of our faith in public libraries. As
long as America has an excellent library
system—public, school and college—our
free way of life can not be threatened by
any totalitarian ideology.
Good libraries represent the instrumen¬
tality for "a better—read, better informed
America”
highways, water control and
benefits to the elderly and dis-
abled.
Symington officially announc¬
ed his candidacy, Thursday, at
a press conference held in the
I caucus room of the Senate Of-
11ice I decision Building. has been The dubbed Symington in
some circles as a “stop Kenne-
! dy” movement.
| j He later said he hoped to
outrun Kennedy by
hard. And expressed belief
• that Democratic candidate
any
could defeat Nixon because the
people don’t like his record.
Symington definitely stated
that he would not accept second
place on the ticket. This de¬
cision was made a long time ago,
he said, after having a conver-
I sation ? with “ BaritteyT the late Vice Pres-
dent Alvi
He said he asked Barkley
what a Vice President thought
about. Barkley said, “he thinks
mainly about the
health He would, therefore.
prefer to remain in the Senate,
THE SAVANNAH TRIBUNE, SAVANNAH, GEORGIA
But The U. S. Government Did Protect The Japanese in Their Right To Vote
if
NEGRO EDITORS- Thirteenth in A Series
EDUCATE FOR FREEDOM
Frank L. Stanley Has Exceptional
Career as Newspaper Publisher and
Civic Leader in Louisville, Ky.
The story of Frank L. Stanley.
Sr., is that of the typical struggle
of a man who has lifted himself
by his own bootstraps. Early in
his collegiate career, the journalis¬
tic bug bit Stanley. But being edi¬
tor of his college paper, The At¬
lanta University Scroll, was only
one of several endeavors because
he W£\s simultaneously occupied as
captain of A. U.’s football and
basketball learns as well as being
president of the Student Council,
president of his class and a var¬
sity debater.
However this broad extra-curri¬
cular experience set the scope of
the many activities that he was to
engage in later, first as a college
and high school teacher, and next
as a newspaper publisher and as
a civic leader.
Following five years of teaching
at Jackson College and Central
High School respectively, Stanley
organized a group in 1936 to take
over the management of the then
three-year-old Louisville Defender.
There have been many crises in the
27-year history of the Defender
but it has been consistently regard¬
ed as one of America’s greatest
weeklies. During the past ten
years it has won 28 national
awards for journalistic excellence.
Frank Stanley’s column “B e i n g
Frank About People, Places and
Problems” has been adjudged the
best original column in Negro
Journalism the last two consecu¬
tive years.
However, his journalistic feats
are not limited to writing ability
alone. Unlike most publishers he
is a master salesman and actively
directs selling of advertising for
his publication.
He is also recognized as a pro¬
motional genius. The Louisville
Defender Home Service Exposition
which will be staged for the twen¬
ty-third year, this October, is rated
as the most successful of all simi¬
lar newspaper projects. Some half
dozen home shows annually con¬
ducted by other Negro papers are
modelled after the Louisville De¬
fender Exposition.
His promotional ability also has
been utilized by the National
Newspaper Publishers Association
since the inception of the observ¬
ance of Negro Newspaper Week.
Stanley was the first working
newspaper man to direct it and
has remained in charge consistent-
| ly except for the years 1945-47
when he was N.N.P.A. president.
In 1950 he proposed the N.N.P.A.
, Merit Awards Contest which has
] 1 ( UH . ome one of the association’s
major annual projects.
As Negro Newspaper Week di-
I rector, Stanley initiated
j Register to Vote Today! 1
FRANK L. STANLEY, SR.
wide observance broadcasts during
the war years and featured lead¬
ing Negro War Correspondents
from foreign points. He later as¬
sembled the greatest array of Ne¬
gro artists ever to appear on any'
national network program. This
year ha hit a new high by securing
time on NBC’s “Monitor” for four
of the ten 1960 Russwurm Award
Winners and by scheduling the
Newspaper Week observance, for
the first time, on television when
William ton‘Tppeared O. Walker ’with and G. A. Gas-
Dave Garro-
way on “Today.”
In 1956 as General President of
his college fraternity, Stanley pre¬
sided over the 50th Anniversary of
Alpha Phi Alpha in Buffalo, New
i York. He led a pilgrimage of
2,000 eonventioners to Cornell Uni-
versity where Alpha was founded.
This gathering which is believed
to be the largest in all fraternity
history through Stanley’s national
contacts, attracted such . speakers
as Branch Rickey, Gov. Averill
Uaniman, Senator John Sherman
Cooper Dr. Martin Luther King,
Miss Autherine Lucy, Atty. Arthur
Shores and many others.
Other highlights of his excep¬
tional career are:
In 1950, Stanley authored Sen¬
ate Resolution Bill No. 53, that
successfully passed the Kentucky
General Assembly and which pre¬
vented Kentucky from becoming a
part of segregated regionalism. As
a result seven Kentucky universi¬
ties and colleges desegregated im-
mediately and now Negroes are
admitted to all 28 institutions of
2)0 2)rops
By R. W. Gadsden
Developments of the last several
weeks make it appropriate to call
attention to the fact that there are
things we can do, that we ought
to do. For two weeks this column
attempted to put it clearly, that
one of the things we can do is to
register and become participants
in the selection of those who will
administer the government and
carry out the will of the people
—the public—the citizens. The
will of the people is ascertained
through the issues they choose to
have enacted into law, to have be¬
come the policies of the govern¬
ment. This sort of thing is the
reason why our government is a
democracy; that is why anything
that denies to the people the right
to choose those who rule them is
morally and legally wrong, and he
who fails to qualify himself under
the law of the land to take part
in choosing his government, fails
at an inipoitant point as a mem¬
ber of democratic society; he for¬
feits his most precious right, he
surrenders his most important
weapon against efforts to deny
him full citizenship.
A great deal has been said and
done in recent weeks which puts a
lot of people on the spot. The com¬
ing weeks, four to be exact, will
prove how sincere have been the
plaudits of those who sat at the
“ring side.” i
i
Between The Lines
By Dean Gordon B. Hancock for ANP
An Explanation That Does Not Explain
The Negrophobe press of the
South has come up with the notion
that current Negro unrest is com-
munist inspired. This unrest is
not to be explained by communism
for the reason that it antedates
communism.
A long time before Lenin ap-
neared on the scene in Russia the
Negro was full of unrest. I was
born bn tife plantation in South
Carolina and although Negroes
were overpowered and oppressed,
they did not like it. The Negroes
laughed and sang but down deep
in their hearts they longed for
fuller freedom.
Even in slavery time the Negro
hoped and prayed for freedom. The
idea that the Negro was happy in
slavery is simply a figment in the
imagination of the oppressors to
assuage a seared conscience.
If the Negro were so happy with
his slavery why did Reuter say in
his The American Race Problem,
that Negroes revolted in divers
parts of the South on the average
of once every seven years? Did
the Communist inspire the Nat
Turner rebellion and the other
lesser rebellions?
Did the Communists inspire the
Phoenix riots where the Negroes
tried to fight their way to the
ballot box? Did the Communists
inspire the underground railrpad
that attempted to siphon slaves to
a free land?
Did Communists inspire the Ne¬
gro songster with the melody “Be¬
fore I’ll be a slave I’ll be buried
in my grave etc?”
Of course the Negrophobe press
is quite willing to conclude that
Moses - was communist inspired
when he was trying to get Old
Pharoah to let God’s people go. Or
is just as absurd to conclude
when the Colonists took up
at Bunker Hill and Patrick
Henry caught on fire when he
his immortal Liberty or
speech at historic St. Johns
Richmond, they were Commun¬
inspired.
There is something about the
heart that rebels against op¬
This rebellion has been
of the greatest blessings known
mankind. And that the Negroes
with other oppressed peoples
to be satisfied with any¬
short of life, liberty and pur¬
of happiness redounds to the
of mankind. Negro unrest
far older than the current com¬
The current wave of unrest dra¬
by the sit-down movement
higher learning in Kentucky. In
[ recognition of his contributions to I
| integrated education, the Kentucky
' Negro Education Association pie-
j rented, him the Lincoln Key for
j Outstanding Achievement in 1951.
j In May 1946, Mr, Stanley was
named by the Secretary of War as
chairman of the first group of Ne¬
gro hewspapermen ever commis¬
sioned to inspecdryAmerican troops
in Europe artorrlrmt&k an official
report to the War Department.
Subsequent to the'-E’uropean junket,
Stanley wrote a‘scathing report on
segregation in the U. S. Armed
Forces.
In March, 1948, Mr. Stanley was
commissioned to make a second in¬
spection tour of occupied Europe
by the Secretary of Defense. The
joint report of this seven-man
commission paved the way for
Armed Forces integration.
Mr. Stanley has received many
other personal honors among which j
An Honorary Degree of Doctor
of Humanities from Allen Univer¬
sity, in March, 1955; Citation from
the Mid-western Athletic Associa¬
tion for ten years of service as
Commissioner of officials (Febru¬
ary 21. 1956); Citation of Merit
from Lincoln University (Mo.) for
outstanding performance in Jour-
alism (March 18, 1956).
The Lincoln citation praised the
Louisville Defender publisher for
having an “enduring interest in
the importance of combined news¬
paper strength, in pressing for re¬
form and the seamier side of
American life, for devoted concern
with the education of the young
. . , for stable organizational abili¬
ties and administrative skill that
have led to creditable contributions
to his own community, to the week¬
ly press association, to the state
i an( j f. 0 na jj on »
In June, 1959 the Elks of Ken¬
tucky bestowed on Mr. Stanley
their highest honor—The Dr. T. T.
Wendell Award for Distinguished
i Service in Civil Liberties,
Largely under the insistence and
leadership of Frank Leslie Stanley,
Sr., Kentucky this year enacted its
first Civil Rights measure — A
State Commission on Human Rela¬
tions. Likewise for the first time,
Louisville Board of Aldermen,
a Public Accommodations Ordin¬
ance has been presented to the
Both of which are but further evi¬
dence of his dedication to the cause
of freedom.
Like the fourteen Negro editors
previously featured in this series
—The Louisville Defender under
the able direction of its publisher
truly “Educates for Freedom.”
Our Past This Week
Ily FANNIE S. WILLIAMS
An ANP Feu fine
April 1, 1898—The North Caro¬
Mutual Life Insurance Co.,
by John Merrick and Dr.
M. Moore in Durham, N. C.
April 4. 1951—Mary Robb, so¬
made her concert debut with
Chattanooga Symphony orches¬
Believed to be the first time
the South a Negro was featured
a white orchestra in a major
SATURDAY, APRIL 9. 1360
This newspaper has been urging
Negro citizens of this community
to register, because it has always
recognized the fact that votes con¬
stitute the best possible way of
giving impact to protests, the lan¬
guage most politicians pay atten¬
tion to, the language they under¬
stand most easily. Any politician
will tell you that. The Tribune has
been urging this for 78 years. It
was born at a time when Negroes
were more vote conscious and less
sophisticated, shall we say? So, it
is four weeks away, the deadline,
that is, for those who wish to take
part in the general election. It is
almost too late for the majority of
those who should register to do so.
However, it is our hope that every
person who is eligible to vote, will
make it his duty above all else
to go to the court house today and
register, then spend the time be¬
tween now and election day getting
himself informed about the men
and issues about which he will
have the opportunity of making a
choice. This is an important as¬
pect of being a citizen, of having
the right, the privilege, the duty
of helping to choose those who be¬
come our servants. Now don’t wait
for the deadline, for it is indeed
a deadline to too many who put off
this duty till the last minute. And
pardon the vulgarism, to register
is as easy as falling off a log.
is but the expression of the Ne-
j groes’ part in a world unrest mani-
I fested by oppressed peoples every-
where; and the fact that Negroes
share this unrest augurs well for
Negroes and the nation and the
world.
So then we ask who really is
inspiring unrest in Negroes? An¬
swer, the white man with his life,
| liberty and pursuit of happiness.
Why the white man can dangle
| hefore the colored peoples the en¬
ticing prospect of the full free life
and expect the non-whites tv he;
satisfied with less is one of the
lesser wonders of the world. The
writer knows of nothing more-
brutal than to eat before a starv¬
ing man dangling food in his face.
When the writer was in the
palace of Versailles some years
ago he visited the gallery where'
hungry Frenchmen could gather
on occasion from the country sides
and sit and watch the king eat
turkey. People who had never had
a good meal were “privileged” to
see their king eat turkey.
But Frenchmen put an end to
the shame. They protested and
something was finally done about
it. The people wanted turkey too.
It is even so in this country and
in other lands, the current unrest
is the people’s way of letting the
world know that they want turkey
too.
Instead of trying to trace the
current unrest back to some com¬
munist origin, it would be more
profitable to trace the inspiration
of race prejudice. Who inspired
segregation with its discrimina¬
tions and brutalities and its de¬
gradation? Who inspired the Black
Laws of the South so brilliantly
described by June Purcell Guild,
a white woman of letters?
Who inspired the peonage sys¬
tem of the South which is one of
the moral blights of current his¬
tory? W’ho inspired the idea of
rushing Negroes to the front in
times of war and rushing them to
the rear in times of peace a pat¬
ent moral brutality? Who inspir¬
ed the iniquitous schemes of dis¬
franchisement which makes a
mockery of democracy?
The current unrest among non¬
whites is not communist inspired
but white-man inspired by such
means and measures that slaught¬
ered Negro South Africans of re¬
cent date.
To attribute the current sit-
down protest to communist inspira¬
tion is wishful thinking mingled
with iniquity.
public concert.
April 5, 1856—Booker T. Wash¬
ington, founder of Tuskegee Insti¬
tute, born in bondage near Hale’s
Ford, Virginia.
April 7, 1950—First United
States postage stamp to commem¬
orate the life of a Negro (Booker
T. Washington) was issued.
April 7, 1909—Matthew Henson
stood with Vdmiral Peary at the
i North Pole.