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What Does The Negro Want?
(From the Milwaukee Defender, July 14, 1960)
“What’s all the shouting about?—What
does the Negro want anyhow?” These
questions have frequently been directed to
those who speak for and represent the
Negro.
It is in order, therefore, for THE MIL¬
WAUKEE DEFENDER T - generally ac¬
knowledged by colored and white j>eople
as the official voice of Wisconsin’s colored
citizens—to state clearly the objectives
and aspirations of Afri-America.
Firstly, the Negro wants democracy in
education. This is fundamental. Demo¬
cracy is hut a meaningless term unless “all
people” have equal rights and opportunity
to grow and develop according to their in¬
dividual endowments. There cannot be,
logically, any practicable democracy be¬
tween two natural groups, if one repre¬
sents the extreme of ignorance and the
other the best intelligence. The common
public school and the state u n i v e r s i t y
should be the foundation stones of demo¬
cracy. If men are artificially differenti¬
ated at the beginning, if we try to educate
a “ruling class” and a “working class,”
forcing racial groups into different lines
without regard to individual fitness, how
can we ever dare hope for democracy in
the other relations of these groups? The
Negro wants and is shouting for education
in democracy the distinction should be
made between individual talents and not
between colors and castes.
Secondly, the Negro wants and is fight¬
ing for an even break—a square deal—in
industry. The right to work in any line
The 1960 Democratic Party Platform
(From the Carolina Times, July 23,
As far as it goes, the Civil Rights plank
in the I960 Democratic Party platform is
the best that has come out of the national
convention of a political party since Re¬
construction. Barring successful attempts,
as vowed by southern members of Con¬
gress, to throttle every effort to pass leg¬
islation to implement the civil rights plank,
the platform, if adhered to, is certain to
make American life mean more for Negro
citizens all over the country.
From all appearances, the platform
committee totally ignored the pleas of
southern delegates to uphold the status
quo on the question of civil rights. In
fact, the platform committee appears to
have entirely written off the South in its
bid for support of its candidate for presi¬
dent, if it did not do so for that of vice
president. As we see it, the platform com¬
mittee of the Republican Party will have
to go some to come up with a civil rights
plank that is stronger or even equal to
that produced by the Democrats.
On the question of the integration of
schools, the platform calls for at least
first-step compliance by 1963. While in
some sections of the country this may ap¬
pear to be a compromise on the issue, in
states of the deep South it will be consid¬
ered a red flag. Implementation of such
a program, therefore, is going to take
more than moral persuasion, because in
such states the persons in power have no
morality when it comes to dealing justly
Editorial Opinion from The Nation’s Press
Compiled by the Associated Negro Press
Here is the reaction of some of the na¬
tion’s leading daily papers to the civil
rights plank adopted by the Democratic
party at its convention in Los Angeles:
JOURNAL, Winston-Salem, N.C.
“For the GOP will be hard put when it
meets in Chicago to exceed the strength
of the Democratic civil rights plank. But
not having to worry much about the
South, the Republicans can be counted
on to try.”
VIRGINIAN-PILOT, Norfolk
‘The civil rights plank drawn up by the
Democratic resolutions committee is the
strongest, most detailed and comprehen¬
sive, and most precise statement of the
kind proposed for any major party plat¬
form.”
DAIILY NEWS, Chicago
“Nevertheless, the details of the civil
rights plank are open to objection even
from Northerners completely committed
to equal opportunity for ail Americans.*’
THE GAZETTE, Charleston, W. Va.
“The Democratic civil rights plank rec¬
ognizes this, and proposes to do some-
National Advertising Representative*
Associated Publishers
65 West 42nd Street
New York 36. New York
166 W. Washington St.
Chicago 2. 111.
Mr. Robert Whaley
Whaley-Simpson Company
6608 Selma Ave.
Los Angeles 28, California
Mr. Gordon Simpson
Whaley-Simpson Company
700 Montgomery St.
San Francisco ll, California
A
for which the individual is best prepared
and to be paid the standard wage is a maj¬
or goal toward which we press hard. There
should not be “colored wages” and “white
wages.” Wages ought to be paid on the
•basis of work done, measured as much
as possible by its productiveness. No door
of opportunity should be closed to man on
any ground than that of his individual
unfitness. The most unfair thing in the
world is to require of the individual man
that his whole race be fit before he can
be regarded as fit for a certain privilege
or plied, responsibility. That rule strictly ap¬
would exclude any man of any race
ican from labor any position. and industry, The Negro asks Amer¬
in the name of
Justice to get rid of its color caste.
Thirdly, the Negro wants justice from
the State. We are shouting for a political
order in which “all” are equal before the
laws; where there is one standard of jus¬
tice, written and unwritten; where “all”
men and women may be citizens by the
same qualifications agreed upon and speci¬
fied. The Negro believes that the Consti¬
tution and the laws are colorblind and
should give him a “white man’s chance”
in the courts.
Fourthly, the Negro wants to see equal¬
ity in the church. The Christian church
is no place for the caste spirit and color¬
line. And the Negro has his doubts about
the “real Christianity” of any church
which holds out to them the prospect of
being united in Heaven AFTER being sep¬
arated on earth.
with Negroes.
On the matter of the right to vote the
platform had the following to say;
The right to vote is the first principle
of self-government. The Constitution guar¬
antees to all Americans the equal protec¬
tion of the laws.
“It is the duty of the Congress to enact
the laws necessary and proper to protect
these Constitutional rights. The Supreme
Court has the power to interpret these
rights and the laws thus enacted.
“It is the duty of the President to see
that these rights are respected and the
Constitution and laws as interpreted by
the Supreme Court are faithfully execu¬
ted.
“What is now required is effective
moral and political leadership by the whole
executive branch of our government tn
make equal opportunity living reality
for „
all Americans.”
Those are strong words. They present
to the platform committee of the Republi¬
can party a challenge which will be watch¬
ed by the more than 17 million Negroes
in this country with something besides
passing interest. On its action may turn
the direction in which a majority of Ne-
gioes will vote in the November election.
And if the election is a close one, that
vote may hold the destiny of what party’s
candidate will occupy the White House'
EVERY NEGRO MAN AND WOMAN
MUST REGISTER AND VOTE!
thing about it. The Gazette, pleased to
see a vigorous and straightforward plea
for human equality emerge from the con¬
vention, happily endorses the plank.”
NEWS AND COURIER, Charleston, S.C.
“The ‘civil rights’ plank in the National
Democratic Party’s platform is more rad¬
ical than anything of the sort*ever before
proposed. It makes a mockery of the
Constitution. It is a bald appeal to the
herded Negro voters of key Northern
states. It casts aside the remnants of
safeguards for freedom and decency.”
THE CONSTITUTION, Atlanta
“But in a document otherwise inspiring
in its daring, the civil rights plank of
the platform is so extreme it could be self-
defeating.”
SUN-TIMES, Chicago
“It is one thing to express sympathy
for American citizens who are discrimi¬
nated against because of their color. It
is another thing to approve a violation
of law committed to protest such discrim¬
ination.
if We believe that restaurant keepers
THE SAVANNAH TRIBUNE, SAVANNAH, GEORGIA
UNTIL THESE CAUSES ARE REMOVED, PEACE WILL BE JEOPARDIZED
The Curse of The African Queens
By JOSIAS RABZUNDYA
(For ANP)
When the Bantu Men’s
club of Johannesburg, South Afri-
ea, got together in 1957 to plan
its first search for beauty,
Devil must have been an
and an invisible conferee.
For some inexplicable
the contest and its glamorous
ticipants seem to have been dogged
by a curse ever since.
The first winner, tall,
brown, 18-year-old Nora Mosiako-
go, a photographer’s model
mannequin, won the 1957
Johannesburg” title, but that same
year she was kidnapped by gang-
sters and held prisoner in a hotel,
Later, she went on to become
runner up in the “Miss South
Africa” contest.
Now Nora, still ravishing at 21,
is in jail charged under the immor¬
ality act. Nora and another beau¬
ty, Margaret Makhalemele, 23,
were nabbed in a raid on a hotel
with two white men, Peter William
Shreyer, 30, and Alfred Stanley
Marshall, 32.
In May of this year, only the
intervention of a newsman who
happened to walk into an inn at
Butha-Buthe, a seaside resort, pre¬
vented beauty queen, Maud Lephu-
wane, “Miss Krugersdorp” of
1957, from being kidnapped as
Nora was three years ago.
Another evidence of the curse
came again in May of this year
when the 1960 contest for “Miss
Johannesburg” almost ended riot¬
ously when the audience made up
mostly of men disagreed with the
judges’ selection of shy, big eyed
Elizabeth Mogobe as titlist.
The protesting audience clamor¬
ed for tall, shapely Doris Kumalo,
whose virbant personality, short
cropped hair and form clinging
costume set the men into a frenzy
of admiration.
The noisy protests of the men
got ardent support from the two
former beauty queens, Andrina
Kumalo who was “Miss Johannes¬
burg” in 1958 and Mabel Nyathi-
kazi, “Miss Durban” of 1958.
Were it not for the ban prevent¬
ing a former winner from re-enter¬
ing the contest, svelt, sexy An¬
Convenient
to Buy
By WILLIAM TTF.NRY HUFF
For ANP
convenient way to buy
a trap for dupes and fools
is but the reason why
sit on pauper’s stools.
day some are garnished
a pity! What a shame.
their loved ones’ hearts must
bleed
ones who are not to blame
like these have lots of woes,
nights and restless days
collectors on their toes.
would imitate their ways.
us learn to buy for cash
the money on the wood
we will avoid the lash
these facts be understood.
vvho refuse to serve
cause of race violate the
democratic society.”
NEWS, Miami, Fla.
“It is obscene for men to
these rights should be
idrina ] could have walked off with
the 1960 title, too.
I j The disputed 1960 contest had
a highly touted entrant whose fail-
j j uie to place surprised many. She
was Joyce Sanders of Charleton-
■ daie, the only coloured girl ever
to compete. (A coloured person
is one of mixed white and African
ancestry) .
Another South African beauty
made the headlines recently when
Bishop Dimba, president of the
Federation of Bantu Churches,
made a special visit to a night club
to see Patience Gowabe do her
j dance.
| He came away “disgusted” and
feeling “unclean” after seeing the
neal nude, 20-year-old girl do her
writhing, wriggling contortion
dance.
“I think the dance is not good
for the morals of Africans,” the
indignant bishop announced to the
newsman who accompanied him.
“I’m an actress,"’ Patient snap¬
ped impatiently.
Patience had created a sensa¬
tion with her near nude dance both
among the younger people who
loved her brazen exhibition and
among thp stiff lipped elders who
thought her indecent.
The management was persuaded
once to put more - clothes --------- on ...____ Pati-
ence, but she didn’t like it and
neither worshippers, so in the mid-
die of her torturous act, she ripped
off the extra clothes and went into
a torrid paganistie dance while the
rafters vibrated with applause and
whistling.
A student quipped, after seeing
the dance one night that “Pati-
ence is certainly not a virtue.”
But back to tragic Nora. She
was an innocent, astonishingly
beautiful girl, full of pride in the
title she had just won when a
gangster and several of his aides
snatched her from a dance at the
Bantu Men’s Social center and
spirited her away.
She was taken, it was later
learned to an Orlando hotel. By
the time the thugs and the teri-
fied Nora reached the hotel it was
2 a.m.
NACW j
Expects 1500 j
Delegates
(Continues from Page on*)
trict of Columbia.
Dr. Johnson, who retired in June
after 34 years as president of *
Howard, will deliver the Conven¬
tion keynote address at 2:30 p.m.
Monday. Dr. King will receive
the Gertrude Reese Hicks Trophy
during the organization’s awards
banquet at 8 p.m. Thursday.
Others who will be cited during
solely be¬ shrimp to a
spirit of our decoy, used
are in a
ing
wants are
suggest that the main
like a This means
V "T
Letters to
the V m T~ Editor
999
The Congo Situation
060 Fe-ij Ave.
Camden 4, N. J
Dear Editor:
I 11 am writing in regards to the
editorial which The Savannah
| Tirbune carried the week of
July 10. I have further com-
ment on The Congo situation.
“Congo Needs Help, Not Soviet
Lies.” There have been many
ridiculous charges made by the
Soviet Union against the Unit¬
ed States in the past fifteen
years, but none is more ludi¬
crous than yesterday's accu-
sation that we are trying to
dermine the hew
of the Congo.
In saying that the U. S„
Germany and Belgium were
plotting aggression against the
Congolese Government, Russian
Foreign Minister Gromyko call¬
ed on the United Nations to
act.
We agree completely with Mr.
Gromyko that the United Na¬
tions is indeed the organization
to investigate riots and blood¬
shed in the Congo. But for him
to base such a request on
es of Western inteference is as
unjust as it is untrue.
Since Belgium had already
asked for u. N. assistance and;
possibly bring military the aid to help |
peace to strife-torn
Congo guument much has of been Gromyko’s ar-j
taken away.
What remains is pure venom
against the West,
The United Nations should
have no hesitancy in deciding
to act. It is obvious that
the combined efforts of Con¬
President Joseph Kasa-
nubu and his Prime Minister,
Lumumba, have been in-
to quell the flaming
disorder in their coun-
The leading gangster awakened
the caretaker and demanded:
“Book a room for me and missus.” i
Nora, dressed in costly high-
heeled shoes, expensive dancing i
an '
dress and a rain-coat, was then
forced into the room.
Before the rest of the gang left,
the thug told them: “Get me a
place where 1 can keep this baby
for two weeks.” j
He ordered them to return with i
,■ tar at nine o’clock the next !
| i turning.
Three hour's later Nora aSked
the man if she Could go to the
toilet. He agreed.
She Had thought of an escape
fflhn. But she knew that if she
dressed tire man would become su¬
spicious.
And so, dressed only in her
underclothes (panties and bra) a
raincoat and her shoes, she slipped
out the room.
Her only way out was over an
eight-foot 'high wall. Without
hesitation she climbed the wall and
jumped to the ground.
Outside she landed with a hard
thud. Now she was free but she
thought with terror of what the
man would do to her if he caught
her running away.
Nora started running in the cold
darkness before the
j dawn. Every few yards she turned j •
round, but there was no sign of
i her captor.
' After running miles she |
[caught some,
sight of an old man. Pant-1 j
| j ing she poured out her story and
pleaded for help.
j j He shrugg'ed his snoulders:
“What can I do?” he said and ad-
- vised her to go to New Canada
station and wait for a train to
j f ne c jty.
On the way there a car stopped
and the driver offered Nora a lift
to Johannesburg. With a sigh of
I relief, Nora accepted. She was
f ree from a night of terror,
j thug Afterwards Nora said that the
| had sought her love for some
'
time.
Nora’s kidnapper was never
found and to this day the case
remains a mystery.
the banquet include Mrs. Eleanor
Roosevelt; Christine Davis, ad-
ministrative assistant to Congress¬
man William Dawson (D., 111.);
and Carmel Carrington Marr, ad¬
visor to UN Ambassador Henry !
Cabot Lodge.
Other noted personalities who
will participate in the group’s
week-long Joseph Gomez meeting include Bishop |
of the A.M E. j
Church; former Olympic champion
Jesse Owens; Muriel Rahn; and
Mme. Elsie Quasin Sackey, wife
of the Ghana Ambassador to the
UN. Labor leaders Walter Reu-
and A. Philip Randolph also
scheduled to participate.
The theme of this year’s Con-
jerked away, used in
a lure, taken back. We
where all men are fling¬
into revolution. Their
They wish to get. to
of 20th Centurv societv.
and economic rights.” 1
New African Nations Need Sympathy
Alfred Baker Lewis
156 Fifth Avenue
New York 10, N. Y.
the Editor:
I hope you can use this short
either as a letter, an ar¬
or one of your own edito¬
as you prefer.
While I am a member of the j
views board of the NAACP, j
expressed are my own i
not to be attributed to the
Sincerely yours,
Alfred Baker Lewis
the Editor:
All ,
who love freedom and j
t ^ .
“ ce mus ee l dismay at the j
in the Republic of
newly freed from Bel- :
an control and the failure of i
the government there to con-j
army, stop tribal fight-j
and quell disorders. For j
Congo, like the other new-
emerging African countries!
as Ghana, Nigeria and i
members of the French
of states, will need
new capital to raise the
of living of their peo¬
and these disorders will
away both investors
the needed technicians.
But the weakness of the Re¬
of Congo is to be ex¬
There are fewer native
graduates in the whole
which marks the 64th j
of the founding of the
NACWC, will be
Frontiers for Women and
The theme will be deve¬
in a series of workshops and
Dr. Rosa L. Gragg of
national president of the
will preside.
Meeting jointly with the parent j
will be the National
of Colored Girls, head-
by Miss Mattie Turner 0 f
Among the Va. subjects scheduled J
discussion are Education, Fam- I 1
Life, Youth Activities, Health, f
Fine Arts, Legislation, I
Opportunities, Human Rela-1
International Affairs and I
Training.
The Convention begins Satur- I
with meetings of several j
governing bodies, includ¬
the board of directors and the
council. A vesper hour j
reception, the latter scheduled I
the estate of the late W. C.
General make up sessions Sunday's of pro-j the
begin at 9:30 a.m. j
i August 1).
SATURDAY, JULY 30, 1%0
try. However, they have not
asked for U. N. assistance to
bring peace—merely for a few
administrators.
It is only junt that Belgian
troops be used to protect the
units of Belgian citizens in the
face of pillage, killing and rape
done by a mutinous Congaiese
army. U. S. troops should not
be sent. The fact that Belgium
has asked the U. N. to intervene
puts the entire matter on an
international level and firmly
refutes the Congolese charge
that this is a ‘ Colonialist plot.”
There is no precedent for
for United Nations intervention
in the domestic affairs of a
sovereign nation. It is not aim-
iiar to the military observer and
patrol type of activity that is
going on through United Na¬
tions auspices on the Israel-Arab
border.
Possible action by the U. N. in
the Congo raises far-reaching
questions of its right to probe
into an internal matter qnd
offer recommendations to settle
domestic disputes, Mowever,
it is far better than such qn
organization’s move in unison
to help the Congo establish its
own authority than for any one
nation to act to provide a solu-
tion.
Mr. Gromyko and his boss,
Khrushchev, have again dream-
ed up a false charge against
tne West Germany and Bcigi- '
um desires to move in and con¬
trol the Congo. It is essentitl-
<y a matter for the U. N. and we
trust that Soviet leaders keep
this in mind and not attempt
any infiltration into the Congo
cn their own.
Yours very trulv,
A’freda Delores Wright
than there are Negr:.
in New York City alone.
a lack of college trained
is not typical of the form¬
er British colonies or cf the
Fr> nch one.: either. Ghana,
for example, In s had a univer¬
sity for a generation and a
good (many additional British
have had college train-
ing in both England and the
United States.
Nor have white European
“tribes” anything to boast
about. Despite our boasted civ¬
one European tribe
,as been practically wiped out.
6,000,000 kiiled ------- in — gas D ___
by another tribe. One
killed 10,000 dissident
of its own tribe in the
subways. A tribe in
Europe fought a sav-
civil war for three years
in the last 45 years near-
all of the European tribes
fought each other in
battles ■ involving the
of millions of combat-
and scores of thousands
non-combattant women and
too.
The new African nations will
sympathy and understand¬
which may be helped by
what the white
have done to each other
recently in revolutions and
world wars.
Toi ir
by
Aprent
(Continued from Page One>
~~ ~~-'
~
' on methods. The interesting
about Rev. Derrick’s f irm
that he grows his vegetables
t entirely without the use of
fertilizers and grows
a special market.
' >Ur was c,mmxed with a
, ™ elon nnder the
of giant . oaks.
Those attending the Tour
Madeleine Hannar, Mrs. H. D.
Miss Loretta Harmond,
Harmond, Joseph Glover,
J. W. Derrick, CRirenc Wil-
County John' Ag«*nt ' Liberty
Austin, Austin.’Nath- Jr., John
Sr., Henry
Adams. Sanir.-i Adams ard
H. Harmond, County Agent,
County.