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PAG* POUB ik fmimmah: 8HIW: established 1*73 MRS. WILLA A. JOHNSON-.Editor A Publisher EZRA JOHNSON----..Promotion A Adv. Rep. PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY 1009 WEST BROAD STREET Dial ADams 4-3432 — ADams 4-3433 Subscription Rates In Advance One Year ______________________________ $4.12 Six Months---------------------------$3.09 Single Copy ------ .10 Remittance must be made by Express, Port Office Money Order or Registered Mall. Second Class Mail Privileges Authorized at Savannah, Georgia Civil Rights in August (From the Christian Science After all the battling over civil rights planks at both national conventions. Washington dispatches sa.v there is little prospect for major action in the short session remaining in Congress. But New York senators and other advocates of efforts to overcome discrimination through federal laws are introducing ex¬ tensive legislative proposals. This -has been described as a Republican attempt to white the Democratic plank into law. But Democrats regard it simply as art effort to embarrass and split them. They contend tha1 it is not a bona fide move to advance civil rights and will divert attorn ion from completing other needed legislation. This argument has some basis, for the nature of the proposed legislation makes it extremely difficult to deal w ith quickly. In the spring Congress required two moflfchs to enact a much less Editorial Opinion from The Nation’s ( by the Associated Xcyro Pa ss Her** are editorial expressions from the nation's press on subjects of current in¬ terest : Numbers. North and Smith TlWiBsKA^C -"wf nf-th Mfrimri J^BHraw**** Nashville ' time in a,few weeks, federal . 1 «-* agents “ Vrave "fur cracked t 1 m.ncu uuvvil down on UN num- HU III- the berj 1 i I racketeer- i \ i,i in Mashviikf /A Once more <p ostian jar raised wity cilv police canfpu^ti. thcfti.”’ ■f AMjatlCAN. “wfip Kg*!! y t;bk-RKo ton city Uounc BHob vtatsl* tholgUv, sh m Hi .nit 4ir.it tv the. shuiiVl c§W*s Ipic'county ffi i.g yr ne.\«i|i<lice ipi; i/ry» T? hr state’s 41 iittor- in |'d Yubrnd), ut a .Wifcpylky ttiakiis it wJh. plain operation that the ponce force ffas hot,’been tldhijj its work and it is important to find out '' liS basmt Tims “ntuincss is taking a new lead In South¬ ern race relations. The Negro did not sit in on the South. He came to help build Southern agricultural economy and he is an important producer and consumer in the contemporary South of increasing urbanization and- rising industry. This fact is getting recognition.” CONSTITUTION, Atlanta School Integration in North Far Different front That In Southern St; tes NE W YORK (ASP) — South¬ ern nylstawce to public school de¬ segregation Sri the six years since it was decreed by the United States Supreme Court has oyer-shadow¬ ed efforts being m«de in north¬ ern cities to achieve facial integra¬ tion. But educators arid public offi¬ cials in such cities as New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Los Angeles and Cleveland have devoted long hours of study to bow the enroll¬ ments of their public schools can be made to re flee i th# democratic ideals of the nation, -v In the South, Wk&blneks to school Integration up*: tHgid segre¬ gation laws, customs that are generation old, strong ingrained racial' prejudices aid!, of course, conscienceless politicajrit who are exploiting ignorance to perpetuate themselves in power. In the North, the obstacles are riot so obvious. There is no segre¬ gation in the schools by law, but bias in other aspects of community life, particularly housing, has re¬ sulted in de facto racial segrega¬ tion in the classrooms. Though other cities in the North have tackled the problem. New York appears to have made the most conscientious effort to bring about democracy in its pub¬ lic school system. To be sure, the steps taken by New York have met with some re¬ sistance, but the determination of the city is gradually bringing about the desired results. If the methods are faulty and the results slow, cor. ;«>dr in one can quar¬ rel with the intent. National Advertising Representative* Associated Publishers 55 West 42nd Street New York 36, New York 166 W. Washington 8t. Chicago 2. 111. Mr. Robert Whali y Whaley-Simpson Company 6608 Selma Ave. Los Angeles 28, California Mr. Gordon Simpson Whaley-SLmpson Company 700 Montgomery St. Ban Francisco 11, California drastic and complex civil-rights measure. Bid it can also be argued that the hear¬ ings and debate then devoted to the sub¬ ject should have clarified most problems — provided there is a real purpose to make good on the parties’ promises fre li¬ ly inscribed in platforms. This conten¬ tion also has validity, for it is the resolve to act which is mainly lacking in Congress Which party gains the more from these arguments is not clear. For both have made civil rights platform pledges they have reason to believe cannot be enacted in Congress, much less put into effect against southern resistance — either in - this short session or any long sessions within the next four years. But the Demo¬ crats are the more vulnerable to vqter • resentment over unfulfilled pledges. For •< they are more divided and they do con- 1 troi Congress. plain recognition of a fact regarding segregation. The fact is that an eating facility in a tax-supported building, even ii privately leased, can be legally challeng¬ ed by a Negro taxpayer if it bans hi So long as thu 1 state • Nri'iygt, k whites them alike, it is bqqhd uuirni’j olVipi. 1# , treat alike in the services ii Civil Rights ; i ;V< j TRIBUNE, Chicago !■ ! “To say, as many, are saying ihaULfe rating ofstlw '£k civil rights quvYinvni,*, *■#) ig 1 tt Id < 4h o, vi 11 oki 1 egj - tip m* j»i•»>” r%i because tl(> WfittierhVj'f w<u»W f'Lkisih against the measure is to siat,- a. truth,U it an irrelevant one. The Senate ijnesi'f! have to permit a filibuster and if the Democrats were sincere in their platform promise they would not tolerate one. To¬ gether with the Republicans, they could block it.” Rowell and Jack NEWS AND COURIER, Charleston, S. C. “In view- of the failure of a New York jury to convict on fraud charges another prominent Negro politician. Rep. Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. who is riding high in his white Cadillac the New York press may be justified in viewing the Jack case with alarm because of a possible | students of all races. Population i shifts make ibis policy difficult to put into practice, however. Fourteen of the 33 new elemen¬ i tary buildings erected in thp last three years are integrated schools. 4. Teacher Assignments to Seg¬ regated schools. The Board has attempted to pro¬ vide a greater proportion of re¬ gular teachers to the under-privi¬ leged schools. Criticism has been leveled at school officials because the better teachers are assigned to the “best schools, with the re¬ sult that the “poor” schools get a high proportion of substitutes. Under the new Integration pro¬ gram, regular teachers have been assigned to Harlem and to other areas de facto segregation exists. Teachers seeking promotion to higher positions within the sys¬ tem are required to spend two years in a so-called “special ser¬ vice” school. Integration is half the program that the hoard set for itself. The other part, and probably equally important, is the raising of edu¬ cational standards in the under¬ privileged schools. During the past 1 years the New York City School Board has spent millions of dollars to equalize edu- rational conditions within the As one of the educators said. “If we can’t have integration, at least we can strive for separate but equal facilities.” The New fork officials have an added problem; that of the influx of Puerto Ricans. In the last sev¬ 1 eral years the number of elemer- tary children from Puerto Rico has According to Dr. John Theobold, ,N e w Y o r k superintendent of schools, here are some of the steps that have been taken to integrate the public schools. 1. - Changes in the zoning regu¬ lations. Pupils are permitted, in certain instances, to go to schools outside their own districts. This permits Negro children, for example, to attend formerly all-white schools. 2. —Permissive Bus Scheduling. This has been the most contro¬ versial of all steps taken. Thou¬ sands of pupils have been trans¬ ferred, with their parents’ consent. from overcrowded schools to un¬ derutilized schools. The purpose of bus transport, in addition to better utilization of the schools, is to reduce segrega¬ tion. For example, Negro pupils have been transferred from Brook¬ lyn to “white” schools in Queens. Additional transfers of children have been planned for this Septem¬ ber when schools reopen. These changes involve 5,560 pupils from 48 schools. Although the is to bring pupils from ed schools to those that have room, the end result will be more inte¬ gration. 3. Construction of New Schools in “fringe” areas. A majority of the 60 new schools that have been built since 1057 have been placed in fringe areas, so that both Negro and white children will be able to at- end. The school board has de¬ finitely committed itself to the pcliey of buildirg, wherever pos¬ sible, schools that will draw from THE SAVANNAH TRIBUNE, SAVANNAH, GEORGIA | Pats Civil Rights Legislation Now And Solidify Our Leadership With South * America Fayette County Citizens Still Live Under Much Pressure SOMERVILLE, With his tanks filled to ing, John McFerren gas operator, wasn’t telling where got the gasoline that was denied L hirh t A, f.... for so . . l long ...... as one ... phase .1 of r the enonomic squeeze imposed on Negroes here. >His *>nl.v comment was (rtul keep a good man down if lie Jms friends. \Vmsii, someone asked McFerren "■vc kind of gas was he selling, seuiug, the quick thinking little merchant replied, “Mine is ‘Independent’ w.iji V Pp* he added that it might Rquee^p^ ,Jh* called the “Tennessee ! gasoline. _ln spite official of the opinion of county that the pressure is letting-up, McFerren feels that it is getting worse. It is generally known that the FBI has moved into the area and is malting an investigation of the situaffojt. ./jJ , Perhaps that accounts for some of the stores selling necessary pro¬ ducts to some of the Negro farm¬ ers who were previously denied, things Shepherd Towles. 1 his 5,1-year-old farmer, the '•'that oi U> children, said he was sul prised on August 1, when he walked into a store and asked "00 pounds of poison known in Unit area as cotton dust.” lie went into another store and asked for some “cotton-sacks.” the merchant only had one the size hq, desired so he purchased that one. -In still another store he order- mi Srime fruit jars and plastic bags used tor packing frozen foods, and again he was served with no domment. ’ He said he didn’t know whether tilings were “easing-up” or whe¬ ther’ an FBI agent was somewhere around. Prior to this he said he hadn’t been able to buy anything in the county since February. Towles who had a prosperous business bailing hay for the farm¬ ers around the county, in addition to bis Tegular farm work had been completely deprived of this extra income when farmers refused to hire him for the job. In spite of this freeze he is still grown tremendously. Next fall the total number of Puerto Rican pupils in the elemen¬ tary grades will top the 100,000 mnnber o^Negro f 'pupils * ^attending s ,, the city .. schools , has been increas- ihg. Both these ethnic groups are concentrated in Manhattan. At present, the Manhattan public schools show an equal division as between white students, Negroes and Puerto Ricans — a 3-3-3 ra¬ tio. To raise the educational level of the “special service schools” — this is tlie name given by the school board for schools located in under-privileged areas that arc jtO per cent or more segregated — various steps bave been taken. Reading clinics hav* been set in the forefront of the battle. Last week he carried his tru.-l: | office to the Memphis pick branch I to up what he estimat- I ed as :i or -LdOO pound: of ing inn* cowt sent f to /x the 4 ItTT* Fayette i ,, f County t . citizens by the students of Ten nessee A & I State University. The nation has been very re sponsive to the appeal for cPfl; j n( , f„ r th«.*s** suffering people. j *pj, e majority of them a; ■ raiVine | well-wishers vegetables on their farms, ju,.| have been very help ful in sending food staples which the stores refuse to sell them. Since these areas are taken care of. the county land lords have now applied the pres- sure on housing by fmvii,.:- out their tenants, many tim*- making | them leave their crops. I A spokesman for the Fayette County Civic and Welfare reported that between 3(M) and 400 families have been evicted or threatened if they insist upon re- gistering to vote. A typical ex- ample is the L. T. Anderson fam- i ily. The Andersons have 1! children with ages ranging front 13 years | to the six-week-old twins, Thev | were forced to leave a 13-acre e u i.. I ton crop because Anderson went into town one day to get some | medicine for his sick wife. | jt was.reported that bis “bn “ talking with some people in the registration line. This family is destitute. meager furniture was left behind and they are afraid to pick it up. They asked some colored frien.l, to move it for them hut they, too were afraid ot suffering bodily barm. Then they appealed to some white neighbors to move it fur them, but they refused because they were afraid of making one- mies. Willis Olds has 78-acres of land but has been unable to borrow suf- ficient money to build a house. He said he could build a house cheap- ly because he is a carpenter and would do his own work. Since he has no house he found it necessary to lent one while cul- tivating his own land. He said three days after he had register- ed in November, he was asked to up, special teachers have been as- signed, the class size has been re- duced, more supervisors and ancs counselors have been added, i f tionship f has school been established, - hc ^ f ~ t V. P. Nixon (Continued from Page One) son, Greenville, Ala.; Deputy Ex- tension Administrator Paul V. Kep- ner in the shadow, and the Vice President. In next photo below, Under Sec- rotary of Agriculture True D. Mor,e slio •' z- i th? Lilt- g: i. : p some .•t’U't Ui the Department’s research , vu■ te the house. It wag coki> he recalled> and s; iow was on the ground. When J he refused to “get-out” a sheriff ca . ne an( j I)Ut hi m ou t. | “-squeeze” Another area in which the j is moving is that of de- , ’’landing payment before due dates ' ro1 ” those who were fortunate : enough to borrow money, | Loretta Johnson said she ”’id her husband were able to bor- r °' v •'’’211 on their crop because ’ ,h *y t>ad not registered. The note 1 was due in November after the cr °P had been harvested. But the ■ l° an company demanded the pay- onml, in September. When they were unable to pay '*• that time the deputy sheriff i rame to their farm and took their i two horses. the “squeeze” has converted in- j “scare” tactics by trumped j charges and arrests of innocent ! l ,e °pl®. One man was picked up i "’hen the tail light went out on his \ < al u ”'l was fined $50. | Richard Wilkerson was picked U P ‘ n *-he field where he was pick- >•»**- pens and arrested for failure pay two-year-old road tax bill, t he unlearned farmer tried to con¬ v ‘ u <--e the officers that he had been ‘ l ' xi -*mpt from this tax because he j In’d lost the sight in one eye. He aa ' had received no notice the road tax is only *1 Per year. This did not satisfy the ollicers who placed him in | J al1 aa(1 fmed him $80. | i Another young farmer Paul Har- | well, the father of eight children, was picked up the same way and I carried to jail foi failure to pay j road tax. Since he had no money ”1 the time he was kept in jail for 1 a week and finally released on pay- I nicut of a $30 fine, j A young school teacher, Allen Yancey, Jr., was released from his job in the Somerville High School because of some relationship he j ; allegedly girl in had with a 16-year-old j Paducah, Ky. six years ago when he was still a teen-aged | college student. I In spite of these, and many other j charges, Mayor 1. P. Yancey says ; the situation has been greatly ex- j j aggerated. “There’s no emergency | j here,” he said. j vements disease resistant onion j J and a plastic garment made from j inedible animal fat. With him are Assistant Extension tration Gerald Huffman, Elliott I Graham, Morse, Marian White Springs. Fla.; Mr. j Coss, Henderson, T ’« Di T“ W. Va.; Isador Brown, Jr., Bat- chelor La.; and Director M. O. I Watkins of the Florida Extension' Service. I At bottom, Dr. F. D. Patterson, j of the Phelps-Stokes [ Fund and former head of Tuskegee ] Institute, is shown at center with j three rural leaders who were pre- j stilted plaques by the 18th Reg- ,------ local 4-H —--------- Club Camp r at — an ---------- awards dinner at Howard University, Sat- | today J evening. The a. lie honorees uuuu;,cco are. aic. Mrs. Flora D. Parrish, third from, Bv Bean Gordon B. Hancock for ANP IN THE RAW Down in Fayette County, Tenn¬ essee, there is unfolding a drama of human meanness that makes the nobly-inclined sick at heart. A flagrant attempt is being made by the whites of the community to starve into submission a few Ne¬ groes who are seeking to imple¬ ment their right of suffrage. It is human meanness in the raw. It is worse than a lynching in that it is cold and calculated and pitiless. It would take bread from hungry mouths; it would withhold milk from crying babes; it would fly into the face of the teachings of the lowly Nazarene No doubt the arch designers of this wicked conspiracy are members of the Church. We solemnly wonder what the ministers of the churches in Fay¬ ette County preach about on Sun¬ day. While Russia is building- forts at our very gate, our great nation is being afflicted with Fay¬ ette County, Tennessee, and its rampant race prejudice. It all goes to show how great and imminent is our danger. Will our country wake up before it is too late, or shall we let Fayette County-ism destroy us? What makes the drama more dramatic is how the Negroes of Fayette County are meeting the raw mean¬ ness of the prejudiced whites with raw courage. Not only did Negroes register in impressive numbers but they went to the polls and voted. Here we have the raw courage of Ne¬ groes meeting the raw meanness of whites and the courage of the Negroes makes more disgraceful a bold attempt to starve the Negro into submission. We have Negroes here and there and everywhere receiving medals for this and that and more glory to them; but what we need are medals for those courageous Ne¬ groes down in Fayette County, Tennessee. They are Reaping condemnation j throughout upon millions of voteless Negroes j the country who could ) vote but who will not. Jesus ' Christ said on one occasion to the 1 unbelieving Nineveh will Jews, rise “The condemn men of j j up and this generation, because 'they re-' pented at the preaching of Jonah ! and behold a greater than Jonah j is here.’ j And so the hard-pressed Negroes ; of Fayette County, Tennessee will! stand at the judgment bar of the j Twentieth Century and heap deri- i sion upon the voteless Negro who ' stands idle in the market-place ■ 1 when the political fields are white Mrs. Davis Named Campaign to VC in Charge of Demo. Women’s Mrs. Margaret Price, Vice ap p oin t m ent of Mrs. Christine Davis as Campaign Assistant the vice Chairman in Charge f Cooperative Women’s Programs, Mrs. Davis, who is staff director the Committee on Government of the House of Repre- | will take leave from position to work with women’s of all types on be- of the Democratic nominees, j Before becoming staff director j the Committee on Government Mrs. Davis worked as and administrative assis to two members of Congress 15 years. ,-a.ir-* As 4 = staff director, j: ______! Davis supervises a highly professional and clerical including the staffs of eight [ | In 1951 Mrs. Davis accompanied of Congress Iround"'the” and Govern- officials world an inspection and investigation U. S. operations, military and _________^ ____ j and our foreign aid pro- I 1 " a id,t)on to her other duties J i ‘ '*‘ DaV;s has lor many y ears j ' Ved as the , execut]y e assistant I ” ent Madison ( ounty. Miss.; - fannie M - Boone - at Dr. Pat- ’ s left retired district home) - of Arkansas; and James I third from right, 400-acre! of Marion, S. C. With the ! are 4-H’ers who partiei- 1 in the awards ceremony. At' are Elizabeth Walton, Holly i Miss.; and O’Neal Smalls, j S. C. At right are The- | Lee, Shcrill, Ark.; and Sarah I Huntsville, Ala. Dr. Pat-; UbDA son was Photo. the tU' dinner speaker, — j unto harvest. Haw meanness is revolting. Raw courage is inspiring. Raw mean¬ ness is a plague and curse to our country; raw courage is a blessing that will extend to unborn genera¬ tions. Raw meanness is a danger to our much beset nation but raw courage is its hope and stay. When the writers of another generation write the sages of the century they will tell about the courage of the Negroes of Fayette County, Tennessee, who went hun¬ gry to the ballot box to refute the implication that they are second rate citizens of a nation for which their fellow racemen poured out their life’s blood. It is not enough for Negroes everywhere to admire and glory in the raw courage of the bele¬ aguered Negroes in Fayette Coun¬ ty, Tennessee, such courage can only be rewarded by the deter¬ mination of Negroes everywhere to emulate their great stand for their rights and responsibilities of full citizenship. Much of the good that has come < to Negroes came as a result of the suffering of sympathetic whites, even our emancipation. But the time is at hand when Negroes must learn to suffer for their own deliverance from an Egypt on bondage designed by the Pharaohs of race prejudice. It is not how well and how much have suffered for Negroes counts, but how well and how Negroes can suffer for their cause. When Negroes meet meanness with raw courage are pointing the way to bet- things. It is true that the white man great privilege and power the world, but suffer¬ was the price he paid. It is just as well for Negroes understand that we are enters the suffering stage of our 0 for full ---- citizenship,.,;,J.p --------------- .qn lier stage our white friends greatly, in this and sue- stages the Negro will “be eipon to carry the burden of The htiirrble Negroes in Fayette hffe showing the way. They showing the world how dis- it'us for Negroes to live comparative luxury and mani- such great unconcern for his ’ght of suffrage, The time is at hand -• N*e- must cease to have a-gdod- while delegating unto the man the voting privilege. meanness in the raw --- and courage in the raw. to Congressman William L. Daw- son in his capacity as Vice Chair¬ man of the Democratic National Committee. She is a member of the Woman’s National Democratic Club of Washington, D. C.; she was named “Outstanding Woman of the Year” by by the the National National Council Council of of Negro Negro Women in U4b; she was present- ed the “Woman of Achievement Award” by Iota Phi Lambda Soro¬ rity in 11>52; she was designated "One of the Ten Outstanding Women of the Year” by Afro- American Newspapers in 1957; she was presented an award for Notable Achlievement” by Came- !.!'" School in Nashville, ’ ennessee, in 1958; she was pre¬ sented the “Citation of Merit” by the Department of Education of the l,le International 'bternatu.nal Benevolent Brae Pro- teetive °‘ der of Elks. Mrs. Davis received her educa- tion in the public schools of Nash¬ ville, Tennessee, Fisk University, Tennessee State College, and Catholic University, Washington, ' s married to Lt. Colonel isteve G. Davis of Chicago, Illinois, who >s assigned to the Office of the Deputy Chief of Personnel, U. S. Army, and has one daughter, Pamela Elaine, 5. Wins MerecphciUC Hl-Fl Set bevera _ members . ’ mpm c of n . St. John T . ® a PDst church sponsored a con ' ;es t if order to raise funds Donor of the thirty-third an- n i ver sary of their pastor. Rev. E - O- S. Cleveland. The mem- ber raising the highest amount of money was to receive a stereophonic hi-fi set. The contest closed recently and Mrs Jannie Jenkins of 302 East 38th street was the winner.