Newspaper Page Text
itatio
1 Ciikj;
I"; 1 ««u
i;.r r 11 " 1 !
Vts%g jft
>r b ,'' ! V «. I!,.
L>.1 Lyi;
%
D STOB
ENT,
(HOAD St,
sat, '
UXUBfli-
tn the Wj*
j r » biMtilu
10 OM.S,
k u, j. mn
two
age Facl
><• IS andi
that lam i
triage hc\
erly oirnri
i*. The buil
have .ie
‘•r work. ...
lufWent for
withieasriflei
IJyou Is
n the [>Ia
eorgin, i...
it. iianku!
CHE
i.\.\T.\TI
OK B
•idonce of
unty, iu t
TQllUd Oi
icr next
J cora, UA
Term* emj.
V. All
FOBS'
ENtt HIRER
A STRICT CO.VSTKlfCTly.M OP THK COSSTITU I IOS-AN HO ..HUT AMD ECDMOHICAI. AOMIXISTRATIO.V OF TIIK DOVEHMMEMT.
~r~ n AitLiir
Ragland & Wynne, Proprietors.
, cornersk
I:minuif
—tjaul
Lee.
o xeei^ecc* 1
o .|jte cujA
mile- f'W®
Jale,
>nd*b*d
juais
Itiiiorl
ai’i'UrtF'
iJlHSfy
Hofsals
r Officii ^
ale.
I TO il
message
ihe President of the United States to the
w0 Houses of Congress at ihe com-
nenccmcni of the First Session of the
|(M Congress.
!low CUl:cns of t/urSenate and
House of Representatives :
To express gratitude to God, in the name
the People, tor the preservation of the
ited States, is my first duty tn addressing
i Our thoughts next revert to the
li, of the late President by an act of
ricida! treason. The grief of -the na-
is still fresh; it finds some solace in
consideration that he lived to enjoy the
best proof of its confidence by entering
ibe renewed term of fh< Chief
ty, to which lie. had been elected ; that
brought the civil war substantially to a
; that hid loss was deplored-in all
of the Union ; and that foreign na-
have rendered justice to his memory,
.removal cast upon me a heavier Weight
cares than ever devolved upon fcny one
iis predeecssors. To fulfill my trust 1
1 the support and confidence ol all who
associated with me in the various tic-
tmentsof Government, and the support
confidence of the people. There is but
way in which I can hope to gain their
essarv aid; it i»> to state irankncss
principles which guide my conduct,
their application to the present state of
irs, well aware that the efficiency of
labors will, in a great measure, depend
■our and their undivided approbation,
he Union of the United States of Amer-
s intended by its authors to last as
i the States themselves shall' last.
Union* shall nr. Perpetual”are the
ds of the Confederation. “To FORM,a
e perfect Union,” by an ordinance of
people of the United States, is the^ de
ed purpose of the Constitution. The
of Divine Providence was never more
nly visible in the affairs of men than in
framing and adopting ol that instru-
... It is, beyond comparison, the great-
event in American history ; and indeed
not, of all events in modern times, the
it pregnant with consequences lor every
pic of the earth ? The members ol the
ention which prepared it, brotigbt to
. work the experience of the Confedcr-
n, of their several States, and of other
ublican Governments, old and new:
they needed and they obtained a* wisdom
trior to experience. And when for its
,dity it required the approval of a people
t occupied a large part of the continent
acted separately in many distinct cou-
tions, what is more wonderful than that,
r earnest contention and long discus-
, all feelings and all opinions were ulti-
cly drawn in one way to its support ?
he Constitution to which life was thus
arted contains within itself ample re-
for its own preservation. It has
wer to enforce the laws, punish treason,
ensure domestic tranquility. In case
the usurpation of the Government df a
ate by one man, or an oligarchy, it br
ines a duty of the United States to make
»od the guarantee to that State of a re-
iblican form of government, and so to
intainthe homogencousness of all. Doc*
lapse of time reveal defects ? A sinjple
ve of amendment is so provided in the
nstitution itself, so that its conditions
only be made to conform to the re-
liremeuts of advancing civilization. No
m is allowed even for the thought of a
visibility of its coming to an end. And
*sc powers of sel f-preservation a ve al-
yi been arrested in their complete integ-
f by every patriotic Chief Magistrate—
Jefferson and Jackson, not less than by
uhington and Madison. The parting
ice ol the Father of his Country, while
President, to the people of the United
ates, was, that “the free Constitution,
lich was the work of their hands, might
sacredly maintained ;” and the inaugural
ords of Picsident Jefferson hfcld up “the
nervation of the General Government, in
iconstitutional vigor, as the shuet anchor
out peace at home and safety abroad,
ie Constitution is the work of “the Pen-
e of the United States,” and it should be
indestructible as the people.
It is not strange that the framers of the
institution, which had no model in the
it. should not have fully Comprehended
6 excellence of their work. Ffreih from a
niggle against arbitrary 1 ptfwier, many
triots suffered from harrassing fears ol an
•orption of the State Governments by the
neral Government, and many from a
:idthat the States would break away from
‘ir orbits. But the very greatness of our
untry should allay the apprehension ol
icroachmonts by the General Governs
ont. The auljects that come unquestii-n*
dy wi hin its jurisdiction are so numerous
it it must evi r naturally rcfuie to be etn-
rrssied by qu-Biitiis that lie beyond it.
ire it oriitrwiio, the Ex* native would
beneath the burden; the channels < I
•tic; would be choked; legislation wou'd
i obstructed by excess; so that thcro ie <■
later temptation to exoteric sume « f the
ir.c iona of tno general government
POOL ‘rough the States than to treapasion their
ghtlul aphere. * Tb° acquits-
Wood!
1iaZ£R.H
lM-Rt'H*!
•could neyer, uril&s yn
Jinirgeoty, o*f,6»nt to
lul u«f nilMidi powers, i
\«' i 1 'I
Ltion.
ART * 2*1
■m. Miff Vi
I. BAflj
SSffl
lines.
MOOS^
giverrirrlent f n the of the Lniorr, . B
0 ihe individual citlaeii in the imerea's of
Ircodont.
Stat e, with proper limitation ol power,
ol th* cons i-
tutRtlrW tn*r Urn’t J Stiltvi.' At the very
ci»rr m^nc Tncn»v «uhon w» assumed a place
imorgiliu Bowen ot the enrth, tho De
cluriuoui f I tili:par.d'>nue was adoptod by
stutck, r > were ,lluj Aniclea of Confedera*
no'n; and v h^ntho * Pecp!o olihe United
States” ordained urd esiabll.htd the c.tn*
stiru im, it wu the tiuttnt ol.tho states,one
hy oi^p. which give it vitality. In the
«yents4oo, oi ouy amendment to the con-
siimition, tho insUrnn oj corgross needs the
cor.nrniatffin of nfjrfcir \\ iihout states,
one t.'i'eut brunch ol the legislative governs
rnent would bo wanting. And if wo • look
beyond tho letterv.f the constitution to tho
chancer ol t ur c.tuiiDy, its capacity lor
cutnprobeiiding within its jurisdiction u
vast continental ornp re is due to tho sys
loin of Sintoa, The beat security for the
perpotual existencev>| the State* is the “sun
preme authnrwy'f ol the cor e i'uiion of tho
united Slat* a Tho nerpoiuity ol the couati-
tutfoh 'hrinija-ltiih 1 *! the perpetuity ol tho
States; tlioir mtiiual relation makes us
what wo are, and in our political system
our cqi n xton ih indisao u »le. The whole
Cinnq} i xtiiv wjthojtt the p- rts, nor the
parm wi'.lu u' ill.; w.Holo, So long aa tho.
Const iluti )H dl t'*‘b t' iltrd States endure a,
he S etts wiljj en liirc; the de.atn c ion of
one is tim du truottoii «i the other; the
prosorvarmn ot tl c one is the preservation
of the other.
I have Hi us rxp'ained my views of the
mu'ual reln-iins ol the constitution and the
siatee, because they unfold the principles
on wincin'Ijluvp t. uvfit to solve the mo*-
niontoud qutjjiinri a* t overcame the appal
ling offlieultifes mat met me at the very
coinntetecmerit ol my administration. It
has been my s o.dfnut object to escape from
the LWjy ol ino.ituiuary passions, and to
derive a h.'aiiug policy from tho furdainenN
tal and unchanging principles tf the Con
stitution.
1 lutt id tho Shales sdflhriifg Irom the ef*»
Ic-cts ot a livil w;ar. Kctiitanee to a Gen
eral Government apjTrarcd to have exhaust
ed itatll. The .Stales had recovered
poBteStloirVit thi ir terta end arsenals: and
their nraiiei write in the occupation of
every Siam whionMd attempted to secede
Whether the ♦••rri’ery within the limits if
there Staten should bi held as conquer* d
territory, tinder military authority emana
ting Iront tho Presidem ns tho head r f the
army, was rim lirrt question that presented
its'iri tor action.
Now, military governments, established
for un inch fi-.ito pt-rlcd, would have offered
no accuri.y l’rr the early suppression ol dii
cor.t ni; would have divided tho peoplo
into vanquisher! snd the vunquishoa ; and
would hnvo envenomed hatred, rather than
have rumored aticction. Once established,
no precise innit to their continuance was
conceivable. Trey would have iceaaioriod
.in incalculable aid exhaus iug expense.
Peaceful cmigt-trion to and from that por»
tion if the country iu one of the heat means
that can bo thought ol lor the restoration
ot harmony; and that emigration would
havo been prevented; for what cmigrtnt
from abroad, uhat industrious citizen at
home, would plcci himeell willingly under
military rule? Ttm chid persona who
would have lollowud in the train of the
army would hive been dependents on rite
General Government, or men who expect*
cd profit Irom tho miseries of their erring
lellow-oltizun*. The powers ol paironugo
and ruin which would have been exercised,
uifdRr tho IVerideiit, over u vast, and popu
Ions, atid naiuinHy wralifry rfgton, arc
greater than, unnsj undor extreme necessi*
iy, 1. should he willing U> entrust to any
one man; they are such as, for myself, 1
uld nc^er, utjlys un occasions ol great
'to exercise. The wtl-
dnnt'nnod through
a p»rmd r 4 f youre, woo d itave endangered
tho purity <i the g»mr r*l adminiairatiou and
ihe licet Ecu of tue States which reinaii.ci
loyal.
B s des. the policy of military rulo over
a conquer'd »errit«»ry wculd have implied
that the Sm<ej whose inhabitants may have
taken part in tlip rebullion had, hy the act
of thoro inliahi'enf., ceased to exist. But
the true theory is, that oil pretended acts
ol acccssh n w.ero, lr< tn tho beginning null
and void. Tho S«ates enmiot commit trea
son, nor screen the mdiriJuol citizens who
muy have committed irons.tn, any more
than they can in situ valid treaties or on*
gage in lawful rmhmeree with any fore gn
Power. Tltc 8'Stos r.ttcmp ing to seioue
placid th'uisolves in a oondiiion where
their viUli’y was i ttpaired. but not extin
guished—their lu»ictiono euspendod, but net
destroyed.
But it any State m gleets or refuses to
pcrlorni it* others, ilt.ru is the more need
that the General Government should main
lain nil its auri-ority, and, ns soon as pracii
ca,ble, resume the oxercise ol all its func*
lions.' Ou riii’ priftclple l have acted, and
have gradually nod quietly, and by almost
imperceptible s ep*. sought to restore the
rightful onorgy ol the General G vernment
and ol the Stules. To that end. Proviaion-
a I Governors have been appointed for the
Sta'es, Conventions calif d, G.<v«rnora elect-
id, Legte'aturos arsombhpd, and Senators
ami Ro. rcaentarivea chosen to the Congrors
ol the United 8ii*tns. At the same ttniCi
the Courts ol the United States, as far ae
could l»a dope, b«'o been rc-opened, aothat
tho laws of iho United Slates may be on
b reed through tltc.r agency. Tile block**
ode hna been r* moved and tho custom-
hUfitts ri estahlithld in ports ol ontry, so
tU^. tfi»* it venue cl the United States may
he collected The Post Office Department
renown i*n c«'»k sj activity, and the Gc t-
erai Govern muni is tUdrtby enabled to
communicate promptly with its oflicera and
nper-ta. The exurts bring security to per
uuna and proper y ; the opet.iig of the
ports iuvhea mo restoration ot industry and
commrrie; tfio popt olfico renews the fa
cilities of social intercourse tnd of business.
And is il not hippy lor us all, that the res
toration of edch one -of. those functions of
tie General Government brings wirii it u
hlcs-trg to ihe S ates over which they are
©xt«*i dud t It U not a sure promi e of har
mony and renewed tttndiment to the Union
that, a'tcr nilhhat tins happened,/he return
ol iht General Goverrmsnl is known only
as a beneficent e T
1 know very well that this policy is at
tend' d w i'h attme rlrii : that lor its eucce*a
it requires at lea ft the acquiescence ot the
Stans which it concerns; that it implies
an invitation to those Slates, by renewing
their allegiance to the United Slates, to re
sume their lunctions »« Himes of the Ufliun.
But it is a ritk that must b" taken j jp th®
choice ol diffuu ics, it isthn sm»l est risk;
and todimmia.i amt, if possible, to remove
n Idsngcr. I hive lull tt incumbent on me
to issert Ann n her p *w# r ol tho Gei c. al
Government—the power ol pardon. As no
State can throw a de'ense over the crime ol
trsason, the power ol pardon is exclusively
vqeted in ilia Ex cj ivo Government ol the
,Ul i'.cd Slates. In t^rltaing that power, 1
havo taken precaution to connect it with
thb tloirestreC' puiii >n ol the binding Irirce
pt tho laws ol the United S'ates, and an un-
qunlllud acknow * da* mi lit th. great so
cial change ot condition in r* gird to slavery
which h»s grown old the war.
Tho next step which I have taken to re
store the constitutional relations of the
Siutes, has been an invitation to them to
Iarticipaiuin tho high office ol intending
the Constitution. Evary patriot must wtsft
for a gbnoral amnesty ai iho earliest epoch
consistent with public ssl ny. Fortbiigreal
tuJ tlo re is ne»d of a concurrence ol all
opiuL.T. anJ the spirit ot mutual concilia*
ri m. A'l parries m the late terrible con-
11 ct must work together in harmony. It
c i to shk. in ihe name of the
aide, the
snee in the decisions of tho majority” "
1 the beginning of the century, onlorced by
kfTersou ‘“ss the vital principle of repub-
fa,” and the events ot the lost four yeMS
^ve estab.'hh d, we will hope forever, that
i lies no appoal to force.
I The maintenance ol the Union brings
|i It it “the support of tho state govern
lents in sli their rights;” but it is not one
• the rights ol any state government to
►nounco ita own tlico in tho Unicn. or to
ullify tho laws of the Union. The largest
Ibsrty is to bo maintained in the discos*
Ion of the acta ot tho federal government,
mu there is no oppeal from its taws, except
> the various branches of that government
Me If, or to riie people who grant to the
lumbers of the legislative and ol tho exec
utive departments, no tennre but a limit'd
in e. and in that manner always retain tho
•owers of redtevs.
['‘The sovereignty of the slates” is the
fnguage ol the Confederacy* and nut |hi>
kr.gjtfo of the constitution. Tho latter
imusins the emphatic words: “The Con*
fthuiion, and tho laws of the Unilt d States
finch shall ho made in pursuance thereof
fnd all troaiios made cr which shall be
ntde undir the authority if tho Uaitul
s ‘t'ea, shall be the supreme law ot the
Mild; and tho judges in every State shall
Fc bound there y, anything in the convti-
f ution or laws ol any state to the contruiy
otai'hiiai d ng.”^
Certainly the government of the .United
^katea is a limi eJ government; and sots
J^vry stato goverr niont a limiiel govtrn-
■dtsiu. With us tho idea ol limitation
Jtpreadc through every form < f adronriitrs -
Irion, general, state, and municipal, and
|r®*ta on the great distinguishing prinoip'e
Ini recf K ution ot the rights ot man
I «5 e arcie,u f**publtos absorbed the indi**
Midusl in the staiu, prescribed his religion,
lend controllid h«s activity. The Amu'ictn
Isystem reals on rite asserriot) of tho squil ..
1 right of every nun to life, liberty, and the ta not too
|lursuii ot happiness; to freedom ol cm whole pe...... .
•cience, to the culture and exercise ol all plan for ro»tora'to;i shell proceed in con-
h >s faculties. Asa consequence, the state | toftuity with a wtllingu.es to cast the die*
tfuvernment it limited, as td the getursl j orders ol the past iuiu oblivion; and that,
COLUMBUS, QEOaaiA, SUNDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 10, 1865.
—— ^jf— — - !
VOL. VII.—NO. 295.
•it tie otfier, it;fe pyidencc ol ■incortiy in
the future nialiifchMuVm 'fie Union shall
bo put beyond any doubt by t!m n'di lation
of the proposed am.;n .'mml to tho C/fic'i u-
tinn, which provides f.r tin abolition nl
slavery lornvcr within ihe lirni«n ot our
country. S» lon^ as the «»J iptiun of thin
amcrujUnentja dpuyyd, so long wit| doubt,
and jutloury.- and u.ia.Tijalaly prod.iil. Tnis
is the mrauurn hicn wll cfVici llto sad
memory ol the p*»t; th>s is iho m«arure
which vi I mo.*> eortfinly osll population
and rajp-. al, ana sncurify in thoao norui ol
the UoiJ0,t!|at )r“o I them most. Ii d}od. ii
'is nortoo mneb'to-ark the States which
aro now resumin * th p ir p'. 'Ca in tho Emi
ly of tho Union io g i e ltd 4 ptedgo of per-
po»ual loyally ami peace, li.itil it is done,
tho past, however inuen. we may detire it,
will not he lorcn on. Tee adoption of the
amendment re unlike us beyond all power
or disi up'.ion. it.heals mo wound ih it i*
atilf imperfectly cl6?»;d ; it n iu »ves slavery,
the elomoni whiefi ih mi long perplexed and
diviicd ih*; enunliy ; it ihbkca of us onc<<
mars a united p^o* o, renewed undotrongih
ened b mud more than ever to mutual affeu
lion a id aopport.
Tho aruenefnront r f riic C«nsfiMi:ion being
adopted, it Mould idnaiu for tho Siu'ob,
whose power* have b- t n so long in &''cy«
snee, to resume iheir placoa in ritu two
branches ol the N uionul L gislaturo, and
thereby eomp e'o tin work of restoration
Here it in tor you, f illow c'.tizins of the
Senate, and fo you, fellow-nitizmia (f the
House of lE'prrBsntuticur, to judge, eac.n of
you I n yourjolvcs, of the elections, returns,
and q'la.ific a ion* of ><*ur own mombers
Tt e f ill assert ion of the powers of the
Gam r •• Gftvernm*mt rcquircM tlm I o'ding ol
Circu't Courts ot Hie IJ iind Hiaten within
th j didtr.Cb where tiu.tr auiliority has been
int'iriupted* In the prcient pojttiro r f our
ptib'ic aff<iir.», str<-r.u otjeeiiuis have been
urged to holding thou i coupe in any rf the
States where''rebellion’ hn* existed: and it
wo* ascertained, by n.q iiry, that the Cir
cuit Court of tii«! United Stat'd would not
be held within tin; Dis'r ct ol Virginia dur
ing tl c a t*uinn or early winter, nor until
Congress shu 1 nave “an upportuni-y to co •-
s:djf an re- on the whole mifjict.” To
your'deliberations rite rrwtoranorr of this
brunch o: the civil au<h >riiy of tho Uniied
Siu'es is therefore nccosetrily referred, with
tho hope that early proviaion will ha mndo
lor the mump i » i ol ail ita functions li is
manifest that treui.on, must flip rant in
chancer, his been c'mini'tcd. Persons
who are chirked with i*8 commiesion should
havo fair and impartial mala i i the hignest
ci\i* *r bjnala « f the country, in oid*.r thn'
the Cuiis ituriou and the law* muy be ful y
vindteaiud ; the truth clearly esiabtiehed
and affirmed tiiat Ircoeon s a crime, that
traitors shoo'd Im • uni. hed and the offjuse
made infamous; and, at the aninu time,
that the question may hejifri da'ly rettled,
finally and forever, that i.o H i t ; of its own
will has mo tight to ruumi.ee its place in
the, Union.
The rclariona of tho General Government
towards th'j fntr nnliiwtiH of inhabi'anss
whom tho war Its* e.ilicd into freedom,
havo engage^. U\y nu'.t serious considera
tion. On the propriety of auempting to
inako tho Ireodiimn electors hy ilia procla
mation of the Executive I lock f t m>
couniel the Couhtitotion titaulf• the interpru
tatione el that instrument by ne authors
and their cot%te.ntparitri*“«. and recant leiris-
lauon hy Coi.groMj When. :it tho first
movement to-vards indepe* d nee, the Cun*
gross 01 ihe United S i ts instructed the
aiveral Slates to insiitire governmentB "f
theirOwn, they, lelt cicn State tod-ci.e lor
itself tho cohdf.tnns for rim en joyment ol
ihe elwivo-franchtso. Durii!k' the period
ot the Confederacy, thtr.j comi.iued to * x
ist a very great Uivcrsi'y in the quahfici-
tions (f elecltr! in lit - never. I Staien; and
even within a S uu* a di-uirc i m «1 qunl ft
cationa prevailed wiste^.n J t * IhotfliJers
who w«*re to I e chosen. The Conati*uiion
of tho UnilO'l States recogu z « riinsedivor
si'.ies when i* «*i j un* ilia 11 lm ch ice cl
membtt's of ihe House «1 lE prosoi t uives
of the Unitod-States “the uiectorj in esc »
Shite shallfme the qualifications requisite
lor electors «l the must uuumrous brat ch
of the State L gislatt r Af.er the for
mation Consiitutio:', it remained, os
before, the uirif •rm u-"g tor each State to
enlarge the b *<ly « I it« ••'*».•tors, according
to its own judgment; and und*r this sys
tern, one Biute l et 01 * m Imh proceed' d
to ire OSS*; the number m its electors, it mil
now, universal suffrage, or somothing very
rear it, ii tho general rule. So fixed wa-
this rsai rvation ol p w:riu the habits of
tho people, and so it q'i**sition**d Ins been
tho intorpretft'ton 61 ttio Constimii'm, tiiut
during the civil war thelau Profidcnt never
harbored tho purj o-n--corta.n y never
avowed tho purpose—of disregarding it:
and iu iji9 bc h ot Congress, during that
period, notliiiig cm be found which, curing
the curinuarci of hosuli ios, much i«:rh
alter thei^ close. w« u d h*ivi*.eanctiancd any
departure by the Executive f.ont auoliiy
wit.ch has -o uni o*m y nbtaiued. More
over, a concession « 1 mu oloctivn lranchiae
to the freednten, by net of th-j Presidcn of
Iho Unit'd Suich, miift h.vu been extended
to all colored men, wherever 1 *u:id. and ao
much have cis'ablis ;«* 1 a change ol tullrage
in tho Northern, M.ddo uiid VVestur/i
States, not leaB 'hat in rim So'-thcrii and
SoathWCJiern. Suet un ue. would have
created a new clae-j ol voters, and would
have boon an : o uup'inh ol power by the
President whicii nothing m the Cpnstitu
lion or lavs ol tha .Uniltd States would
havo warranted.
On tlju o»her hand, every dar.g* r ol eon-
fltct is avoid'd who i thn mthmerit«I the
question ij relcrrcd to the sever*! States
They ctn, each f.r itsoif, d'cidc on tin
measure, urd ivhciiti.r i i* to bj ;d »pud at
once ai d nbanlntcdy, or tmi"duct il yrtu-
unity and will* cm'diii.us. Ii mv jodg-
mont, tho Ire dinen, it they show patience
and manly virtue*, will looner obtain a
particip'’ion in ri*« c!i c iy« tnnchise
irtroifgfi the State* i h ui ilivugntli
Government, even it it It'd |»®we
veue. When'hi tu uu It « l offlo
It rvC been mi** d by tno audde im 8
mu ill charge ►hall have sit »* de.l,
prove that »tiey Will receive the k
General
to Inti r-
>iu that
from s.'ntr v
have hsrei< t.TO
But vi.ih I li
the c'oaa ol the >
the General ti •'
fri
nost c'oscly d pi ndtd.
nforcr thn d mtract, •*» ^hght tn«
o her. The puhlicAntereai. will be bo*t
P’oniotid if tl o n ;\c*al 3 ates wi*| provide
ad* q i»lo p'O'eeunti snd remedtea fur the
freedmen. Until this fa in some way ac
cm pushed, there is no chance for ihe ad
vantagenua use of tnoir labor; and the
b'ams of ill-success will not rest on them.
1 know llmtfinrnre plillantlirophyJsunruest
for the imincdiato realization c%ats>cnioteHt
alum ; but time is nlyrays an eleinont in ro-
form. It i* one of the greatest nets oil record
to havo brought four millions ol
ti ocdoin. The career of free ind
forces the expenses of tho Government j It is estimated by the Secretary of the
have been largely diminished.iinrl a num- 1 Treasury that tho oxpenditur«»H for the fl*.
her of v. 6ieU. purchased for navu! pin*. ! cul year ending the 80tli of .Tun*. 18ry>,
poses from the rnmehant rnayir,,., have will exceed tho receipt! fjril” 19-1,947. It
oeeiLreturned to the peaceful pursuit? of 1 i~ gratifying, however, to state that it in
commerce. Since tho suppression of ac- also estimated that tho revenue for the
•ttvo hostilities our <fJtmdron! hnvo hem I year ending the 30tb of June, 18tt7. will
re:6lttbllRbed#iindC(*»alpt of votsela much | exceed the expenditures in tho sum of
more efficient than- those employed on $111.1182.818. This amount, or so much
similar service previous to the rebellion. ! a* n:«y be deorned sufficient for the pur-
Ihe suggestion forj^o enlargement of I pose, may he Applied to the reduction of
the navy yard*, and especially f«r the <*- i the puhlicffilnbt,'which, on thefilstnay of
“ - - ? ne in fresh water Tor iron ! October, 1800. wn* $2,740,864,750. Every
of justice. In all Unit relates to the destiny
of the i'reedmen, ire need not he too anxious
to read tho future ; mtny Incidents which,
from a speculative point of view*, might jane
n'.uini, will quietly settle themselves.
Non* that slavery is at an eiul, or near its
end, tho greatness of its evil, in the point or
view of public ucqnoiny, bccouio* more and
uioro apparent, fgnttpy was csseutially a
moiiopolv of labor, mta aa such locked tho
Suites where it prevailed agniust the incoming
of five industry. Where Iqbor was the ptop-
'•rty of the capitalist, tho white man was ex-
eluded from employment, or had hut the sec
ond best chance of finding It, mid the foreign
emigrant turned nwav from the region ^rhoro
his condition would be so precarious. With
the destruction of the monopoly, free labor
Will hasten from nil parts of the civilized
world to assist in developing various and im
measurable resources which have hitherto
lain dormant. Tho eight or nine Htatos near
est the (»nit' of Mexico Imvc a soil of exuber
ant fertility, a climate friendly to long life,
mid can sustain a denser population than is
found as yet in any part of our country. And
the future influx of population to them will be
mainly from the NorLli, or from the most cul
tivated nations of Europe. From the suffer
ing.- that have attended thorn during our Into
struggle, let us look awav to th couture, which
is sure to he laden for them with greater pros
perity than lias ever beforo been known.
The removal of the monopoly of slavo labor
is a pledge that those regions will bo peopled
by a numerous and enterprising population,
which will vie with any in the union iu com
pactness, inventive genius, wealth aud in
dustry.
Our government springs from, and was made
for, the people—not tho people for the (Jov-
erumutit. To them it owes allegiance ; from
them it must derive its courage, strength, and
wisdom. But,'while tho Government Is thus
hound to defer to the people, from whom
it derives its existence, it should, from tho
very consideration of its origin, he strong
in its power of its resistance to tho estab
lishment of inequalities. Monopolies, per
petuities nnd elass legislation, are contrary to
the genius of free government, and ought not
to bo allowed, ifero, there is no room for
favored classes or monopolies; tho principle
of our Government is that of equal laws and
freedom of industry. Wherever monopoly
attains a foothold, it is sure to be a source df
danger, discord, and trouble. We shall but
fulfil our duties as legislators by according
“equal and exact justice to all men,” special
privileges to none. The Government is sub
ordinate to the people ; but.as the agent and
representatives of the people, It must ho hold
superior to’monopolies, which, in themselves,
ought never to be granted, and which, where
they exist, must bo subordinate and yield to
tlm Government.
The Constitution confers or. Congress the
right to regulate commerce among the seve
ral States. It is of the first necessity, for the
maintenance of the Union, that that com
merce should be free and unobstructed. No
Stato cmi be justified in any device to tax the
tran-it of travel and commerce between
States. The position of many States is such
thiri, if they were allowed to take advantage
of it for purpose' of loeal revenue, the com
merce between States might be injuriously
burdened, or even virtually prohibited. It is
In-.-t, while the country Is still young, and
while the tendency to dangerous 'monopolies
of this kind is still feeble, to use tho power of
Congress so as to prevent any selfish imped
iment to tho froo circulation of men and mer
chandise. A tax on travel and merchandise,
iu their trim-it, constitutes one of tho worst
forms of iu loply, and the evil is increased if
coup; ii i Ji ii denial of the choice of route.
Who :.e vast ext >nt of our country Is con
sidered, it is plain that every obstucle to tho
free circulation of commerce between the
States ought to be sternly guarded against by
appropriate legislation, within the limits of
the Constitiitioii.
Ti o repftitof tho Secretary of tho In-
torior explains the condition of tho public
lands the transactions of tho Patent oflloo
and tho Pension Bureau, the manage
ment of our Indian Affairs, the progroA
mado in tho construction of the Pacific
H tilroad, and furnishes Information in rd5»
iv»rence to matters of local intorost in tho
District of Columbia. It also present!
evidence of tho successful operation of
thn Homestead Act, under tho provisiA^
of which 1.I00.5J8 acres of the putppe
lands were entered during the liacHl^oar
—tuoruthan one-fourth of tho whole nuffif-
bor of acres sold or otherwise diaposnd/of
during that noriod. It is estimated tlflt
the receipts aorivpd from this Fourco »u“o
sufficient to cover tho expenses incidotWo
the survey and disposal of tho lauds .en
tered under this Act, and that paymAits
in cash to tho extent of from forty to
percent, will bo mado by sottlers. Mr
may thus at any tiino acquiro titlo beroro
tho expiration of tho period at which it
would otherwise vest. The homestead
policy was established only after long and
earnest resistance; experience proves its
wihdotn. Tho lands, in tho bands of in*
du-lrioiis settlers, whose labor ersatos
wealth' ar.d Contributes to the public ro-
Hourc’i, are worth tnoro to tho United
.Stut'*.! than if they had boon reservedM a
solitude for future purchasers.
Tbo lamentable events of tho last four
years, Ttnd tho sacrifices mado by thtpful-
Iant mnu of our Army and Navyf havo
swelled thf ryct'jpds of the Pension Bureau
to an unprecedented cxtdnt. (In the 80th
day of JunolHft, tho total numbor nfjpon-
sioners was85.1180, requiring lor thoir an-
nntiai pay, exclusivo of ox ponses, the^um
of $8,023,445. The number of ap^ica*
tions that havo boon nllowod since* that
day will require a large increase o^this
amount for tho next tiicnl year. Tho
nmans for tho payment of tho stipends
duo, under existing laws, to our disabled^
-oldiers and sailor;
to annnunoo the view* of thin nation in
- t to *nch interference. On both oucaxio'ns
the renioiirfiraiioe of tbe Uni ed States wai re-
pertod, from a deeu c
rn me;
) and :
viVtion, on the part of
, that the system of
lutual ab.-tinena# from
s true rule lor tue two
. lurferou
i*r<>puga ndisin ■HHH,
hemispheres. Sinf»o th«;*e time* we have ad-
viibctd iu wea’:l» and power hut we reta il tho
purpose to lenv« the nationn of Eurdpe
to aboose th
own nysten-p of g
nioder .tion
i dynasties amt form their
nioder .tion uiay ju*t y demand a corresponding
moderation. We should r- Ard it as a great
. ~ . ur J!fc
a general HUrt»m9ry ^ gtvnnWnii
tary campaigns of 18GJ and 18G5, enJIrig
in tbo suppression of armed rc-i-•.».non to
tho national authority in the insurgent
States. The operations of the general
administrative B treuus of tho War D.-
parltnunt during thu past yearoru df*‘*»iI-
ud, and an eslimato mado of Ihu appro-
printions that will barequirod f*>; military
purposes in the fiscal year commencing
theuOtli duj' of Juno, 1800. The national
military force on the 1st of .Muy, lSt)5,
numbered 1,000.510 men. It is propose i
to reduce the military establishment to u
peace fooling, comprehending lifiy thou
sand troops of ull arms, organized =■> a*
to admit of hd enlargement by filling up
the ranks to eightv-two thousand rix
hundred, if thy circumstaiica • f the
country should require uu augmentation
of tho army. The volunteer turee has
already boon reduced by the discharge
from service of over eight hundrn J th »u-
Bftnd troop*, and tho Department i- pro
ceeding rapidly in the work of further re
duction. The war estimate.-, hi-., reduced
from $515,240,141 to $35,814 401, which
amount, in thu opinion of the Depart
ment, is adequnto lor a peace esiahli li-
mont. The measures of rotrenchtuent in
each Bureau and branch of the nervi'f
exhibit a diligent (Oouotny w-uthy of
cotnutondation. itoferen';e is uho made
in the report to tho necessity of provider ••
for a uniform militia system, ».i:d to the
propriety of making suitable p o\ ;s:on
for wounded and di.-ubled officers and
soldiers.
Tho rovenuo system of tho country i- t
subject of vital interest to its honor and
pi< BDeii.y, and .‘hou’.dcommand tl
0-t consideration of Congress. The Secre
tary of tho Treasury will lay b* fo.i* you a
full and detailed re port of the receipt-, and
disbursements of the lust fiscal y.-.r, . fthe
probable receipts nnd expenditures for th"
other throo quarters, and the ostitnutes , r
the year following too 80tii of J uric, I860
I might content myself with u inference ti
that report, in which you will find ull th •
information required for your dulib 'ration*
and decision. But tSio paramount irnpor*
lance of the subject so presses irieif on my
mind, that I cannot but lay before you my
of the measures which are required
for tlm good character, and, I might ol*o
say, for tho existence of this pnop.o. Thn
life of a republic lies eorlainl.y in trio ener
gy, virtue, and intelligence of its citizens;
but it is equally trim that a good rcvomi"
system i! tbe life ol an orgaoir. -d g »vern*
mont. 1 meet y:u at a time when tho.n i-
tion has voluntarily burdened itself with a
debt unprecedented incur annul.-. V>i<t
is its amount, il lades away ir;t<» nothing
when compared with the countie s bless
ings that will be conferred upon our conn*
try and upon man hy the preservation ol
tho nation’s life. Now, on the flr?t occa
sion of the meeting of Congress Fire* the
return of peace, it is of the utmost im pro-
lance to inaugurate a just policy, which
shall at once bn put in motion, and which
shall commend itself to those who come
after us for its countenance. Wo tr.u-t
aim at nothing less than the complete el-
fncemont of tho financial evils that tie" »*
sarily followed a slate of civil war. Wn
must endeavor to apply tho earlie-t remo*
dy to tho deranged stato of the currency,
and not shrink front devising a policy
which, wi.hout being opnres-ivo t.» thn
people, shall immediately bee it: to oiled a
reduction of tho debt, uu I. plrsisl- 1 in.
discharge it fully within* a definitely fix' d
number of yearn.
It is our first duly to prepare in earnest
for our recovery for the cverriucrea-im?
vils of art irredeemable currency, without
a sudtlon revulsion, and yet with
to Treason
nnr.uAl^MYiijruls
may b« uggiiustdiy.ifiis iiiiuuc
Wit. 1
ihfTenl
.aclf t
i >,
w -. n W tc
J4ecrdAr%r»f ih<
p complifb*jB b7
within a period not exceeding liMA4jW-ar^
1 have faith that w« shall do alltni- with-
in a reu-onmble time; that, ns we have
nrnszoa tho world by the suppression of a
civil war which wai thought to be beyond
tho control of any Government, so wo
-hall equally show tho superiority of our
institutions by tbo prompt and faithful
discharge of our national obligation*.
The Department of Aariculturo, under
it! present direction, is accomplishing
much in developing and utilising tho vast
agricultural capabilities of the country,
and for information respecting the detail*
of ito management reference is mado to
the annual report of tho Oommissioner.
I have dwelt thus fully on our domestic
affairs because of their transcendent im
portance. Under any circumstances, our
great extent of territory and variety of
elimn’e, producing almost every thing
that is nrce-sary for the wards, and ev
the comforts of man, muke us FinguUi
independent of the varying policy ot for- | public:
'ign Powers, and protect us against every | y nr* I
rombinsri.
dK. WI .
Th« United Sti
fOO(
eminent, and to the peace of rwworld, should
y hungyuu Power ehallenga tho American
ople. asjt w«re, to the defence of ropuhliean-
n ^rainst foroien inTctlVrenre We rfunnot
p,rc.-fc , ;ind are unvuiling to consider wiatop-
iht present themselves, what
ijrht offer to protect »»urselves
our lormoi KdJern-
d^ftdchire lu itrt iVtho
•^Oyi'd heretofore; «uy
« ill Devor be driven tror^that course burli*
ic aggression of E aro pea n Power®: and we re^
y on tbe nUdoin anU justice of those Powers
to respect the system of non-interference
which anh fo long been snr.cikned by time,
i»l whiob, by its g- od rurults, basappiovod it-
If to both continents.
Therorrespondence between theXTnTfeaStatoB
snd France, in reference tu (jueati"ns wifieh
have become subjodls of difcnssion between tho
two Governments, will, nt a proper time, bo
laid before Congrei-s. •
When, tu t!ie organization of our Oovern-
incnt, under the Constitution, thn ‘'resident of
the Unit d .State* delivered ti is inaugural ad-
dreAS t" tho two Houses of Cnugre-F. ne said to
them, nnd through them to the country and to
mankind, that * the pr^Hervjtiou of the sacred
fire of liberty an<l the destiny of the republican
iu del of government tre justly considered ;i*
deeply, perhaps as finally htakod on tno expor-
iment intrusted to the American people.” And
the Hou-eof Keprcsontafive* answered Wash-
J ingum by the voice or MaJirun: "We adore
1 too invisible hand which Iims led tho American
I people, through cn many dilfi ulties, to cherish
m £ijr the destiny ot re-
More than screnty-8'x
ay since those words were
tales hnvo passed through
iiroagthe
existence a* one nation,
rifi.-i bv .-irr w, nmi
ict, and e.sMldifbed by
tne virtue ot me people, tho moat no#! of the
oi'i'iudon invites up onee uiore to ’opeat. with
solemnity, the pledges oi our lathers to hold
ours* Ives answerable before our fellow-rtion for
the success of tho republican form ot govern
ment. Expericnoe li.is proved its sufficiency In
peace nnd m war; It ho* vindicated its author
ity through dangers, and ntiUotions, and sudden
and terrible emergencie-. which wou'd have
crus «? l nny system t at had been less firmly
fixed in the* cart of the people. At the inau-
gur<*'ion of WsL-hinsitun thuforeizn relations of
inn itstrado wus reprO'S-
ns. now all the civilized
I and tilt
by Spain :i
urn! limit
"uifd \
>'U|dH
civil \
. and '
r-. with :i
timely procrastinatin^r For that end,
mtuft, liach |n our rospeclive posit
propaTp the £ ay. I hold it the duty of lh«
Executive tllLiFist u{)()8, frugality in tlx
expenditure^and a srftring ce niomy i
itself a gieiri wttionaljresource, Ol tin
banks to whleft authority has boon giver
to .issue no test ecu red by bonds of tin
United Statq|®vo i^ty ri'ipure tho great
est (fiodeiatij^vand,prudence, and the lav
tnu%W*o rigidl^^ffrorcod when
hvm4x needed.
may,
cou^fel ou^jRttivo and onlerprisi .
try men to bo constantly on their guard, to
liquidlute debts contracted in a paper cur-
ronf^, andjdsy conducting businevs a-
Hourly as possible on a system of cash pay
ments or short credits, to hold themsulve-
pt^pared tiytuni to the standard «>f gold
ariwtlver. /Co aid our fed low-citizens in
th^prudont management of their mone
tary affairs, tho duty devolve! on u» t» di
minish by law tho amount of paper money
now in circulation. Five years ago the
bam-noto circulation of the •■•"intry
amounted to not much tnoro tlmn tw>»
hundrod millions; now tho circulation,
bank-wnd national, ox'coedssevon humln il
miffifcns. The simple statement ol the fact
reoouiuierids more strongly than any
warJs ot mine could do, the ner.'ssity of
jinx restraining this expansion. Tfio grad
ual reduction of tho currency U the only
measure that can save tho bucinc-s <*f tho
country from disastrous calamities ;
this cati be almost imperceptibly un
plished by gradually finding the nal
circulation in securities that may h.
i “entangling aliiuncc*,
while at the present moment tho re-ostab-
lislnnont of harmony, and the strength
thnt comes from harmony, will boourb.-t
a ciirity Hguin#t “nations who fee! power
and forgot right.” For myself, it has been
nnd will bo my constant aim to promote
peace and amity with all foreign nations
and powers; and 1 have every reason to
believe that they all, without exception,
t«:e animated by tho same di-po#iti<>n.
Our relations with the Emperor ot China,
so recent in their origin, are moat friendly,
ut r-j Our commerce with his dominions is
•ere- receiving new developments; and it is I thecoantr.
on h very pleading to find that ijiu Government ! ed by b-<* ile rugu'nti
* of that greut Empire manifests satisfaction •'
with our policy, and roposes just confi
donee in tho fairness which mark* our j nVingau untried path, with St.to* so little
inteicourso Tho unbroken harmony he- bound together by rapid mean! • f communica-
tween t]m United States and the Emperor ! tion asjto bo liaruly known to onoanotber. and
of itussia is receiving a new buppori fiom
un enterprise designed to carry telegraphic
lines across the continent of Asia, through
Ins dominions, and fo to connect us w Hi
all Europe by a new channel of inter
course. Our commerce with Houth Amer
ica is about to receive encouruguincnt by
a direct line of mail steamships to the
rising Empire of Brazil. Tbe dialingui-h-
ed party of men of science who have
recently left our country to make a scien
tific exploration of the natural history and
rivors and mountain ranees of that region,
have received from iho Emperor that gen
erous wolcoino which was to have beeu
expected from his constant friendship fur
the United .States, and his well know i
zeal in ptomoling the advancement <>f
knowledge. A hope is entertained thnt
our commerce with tho rich and populous
c-untries thut border tho Mediterranean
Soa may bo largely increased. Nothing
will bn wanting, oiv Iho -part of this Gov
eminent, to oxlend the protection of our
lUg over tho enterprise of our feilow-
citizens. Wo receive front the Powers in
thnt region assurances of good will; and
it is worthy of nolo that a special envoy
bus brought u# messages of condolence on
the death of our late Chief Magistrate
Irom trio Boy of Tunis, whose rule includes
the old dominions of Carthage, on the
African coast.
Our domestic contost, now happily
ended, has left some traces in our relations
with oi e at leust of the great maritime
Power.;. The formal accordance of balli-
goront rights to tho insurgent Slate* was
unprecedented, and has not been juriitied
by the issue. But in the systems of neu
trality pursued by the Powers which made
thnt concession, thore wa* a marked differ
ence. The materials of war foi tho in!ur-
gent States were furnished, in a gr«mt
measure, from trio workshops of Great
Britain ; and British ship#, manned by
British subjects, and prepared for receiv
ing British armament-, sullied from the
ports of Great Britain t«» make war on
American commerce, under the shelter of
a commission from tho insurgent States.
These -hips, having onco escaped from
British ports, over afterwards entered
no of ii?*, i thorn in every part of the world, to refit,
ltd so to renew their depredali
consequences of this conduct were most
ili-a-lrotis to tho Htatos thou in rebellion,
increasing their desolarion and misery by
the prolongation of our civil contest. It
had, moreover, the effect, to a gi eat extent,
to drive the American flag from the *eu,
and to transfer much of our .-hipping aud
our commerce to the very Power whose
eul j 'Cts had crested the necessity for »ucb
a ciiungo.
These events took place before I was call
ed to the Administration of tbo Govern
ment. Tho sincere desire for peace by
which I urn animated led me to approve
the proposal, already made, to submit iht-
question* which had thus arisen between
tho countries to arbitration. Theso ques
tions ate ot such moment Ibattbey must
Imvo coalman ..od tbe attention of the great
Powers, and aro so interwoven with ttie
pawn and interests of every one of them
and j a- to have eitturod an impartial docirion.
out- 1 regret to inform you thai Great Britain
>nnl I declined the arbitrament, but, on the oih»
band, invited us to the formation of a
that
brier
. npriy granted. A grateful ptopl
to« x on i iho elec- I not hesitate to sanction any moaauri
verst .State*, it is j r ,g for their object tho roliof oi l
faith requiro; the mutilntod and families made fathei
redeemable in the pleasure of th > Govern- J joint commission to settle mutual
un *nt, between the two couotri-*, from which
Our debt ri doubly secure—fir-t in the : those f *r the depredali ns before mention-
actual wcnMtapd still greater undeveloped | « d sh- uld be excluded. The proposition,
resources of the country : and next in the ! in that very unsatisfactory form, has been
character of our institution*, 'i he most declined.
lilical ocon- I The United States did not present tho
impeach merit of tbe good
wer which was professing
and to tho families ofAintelligent observers among \
"“tit^Lomists havo not failed to ren
■tod i public dobt of a country is Faf»* in p
huch us have perishod in tho sorvicojafih^i^omiFls hnvo not failed to remark, that the j sul.j
country, will no doubt bo choorfullr'V J J “ ** ‘ •'
qualiy clear thn g • d faith require* the mutilated and families made latheftess in i
security < f rim fre«d »u n i •» tlioir Imerty nnd > the efforts to preserve our national exis-pt
.u.. - *• t n Ir to Inlnr. a id tenen. *
iljratod j public dobt of a country is safe in pr. j> r- faith of aCf
iplo will [Mon ns its people aro free; that the ilobt | tho most fli
res kav-\<p>f a republic is tho safest of all. Our his- volving qBi
Ifcildiers lory confirms and establish".- the tb-ory. the setllctMi
eflesi in 'Aid is, 1 firmly boliovo, destine 1 to give I nations ; aWil
thefr pn p r V,
their light to claim rim just return ol tho.r
labor. Icrii" t»oBt«o gy urge a d a-
psaaionuie >r »tu»tiit of li*i» *ubj ct, wiiich
ihuuld bee r tu'ly keptalool from all piny
strife. W«i nni t «quilly avoid bsstv •*-
sumption* of u y nnuril i.opi>i*s bihty lor
tho two race- to live ► tie hy fi fe, in a ata'e from all tho Htatos previous to tjy* ry^i-
of mutual to tfi nt d good wi I- Tho tx* lion, in the sum of §6,088.091 ^ana the
perim n t iiiv• ivi'H u■* hi no inconsistency; annual average increoso of rovqpue dti-
!et ns tlirn, go on ui.d iniko that expert- ring the last four years, comp|j4il with
mont in good Iu rii, mid not tu too easily | the rovenuos of tho four years immodi-
till tnoro signal illustrate
1 secret ot thisfliporiority cprin :* r
Tho roport of tho Poglmastor General I ly from tho fact mat in a republic th
resents an encouraging exhibit^of klid [ ttonal obligations aro distributed
per,ttion! of tho Post Office LUffsirtment widoly # through countless number!
during tbo year. Tbo revenues of tho | classes .of society; it ha! it* root in the
past year from tho loyal States ^ono oxp,| character of our laws. ”nero all men con-
* * ' r* ’ * * ~ ~ 1
hlaieric traditions extending
few year.-: now intercourse between tbe State's
id dwitt him iutimate: ifi.j exeerienco of centu-
nes bus been crowded into i\ few generations,
sun has created an int«:iido, inde.HricUolo na-
tionr.l’t.v. Inenonr jurisdi- tioa did not roach
beyond the inconvenient bourdnries of the
had uchieved indepfndenoe:
•fiona ol binds, first colonized
mec, the country hn* acquired
character, un i has for its n«t-
ebaih ot I,nkcs, the iful! of
ihoesituml tho we t the two
iher nali .ns wt.ru wasted by
;es before they could esmb’.i.rii
ho necessary degree of unity;
ever kn wnto ihe world. b»;*
co irorn civil war Within
m;deic \ iod cation ot the
constitutional autnority of tho General tiov-
oriinicnt, and with «>ur local liberties aud .Mute
institutions unimpaired.
The throng* ot emigrants that crowd to our
short* are witnesses of the confidence of all
peonies in'.'Ur i.erinnn**noe. Here is the irreat
land of free labor* where in in-try hi Messed
wtl» unexampled rew«r<l*. and the brand of the
workiuciUHn is sweetened by the. otatsci.tu^eFS
that the cause of the country “is his own cause,
hi* own safety, bis own dignity.” Here every
once joys the free use of his Uculii.es and the
choice of activity as a natural right. Here,
under the combined inilucc.ee •- % fruitful soil,
a1 climes, and huppy ii.stitutiona, pipula-
situde.
>ea. wealth has increased with tv
■ rapidity thnn number.*, fo that
io secure against the financial vie
.there *un tries, and. alike in l,
etiises to
ly independent. Herr mure an
to provide edt.’cAti 'ii for e ven <
soil Here religion, relea.-cd fro
nection with the civil g •verntn
aubsun e the craft of statotmon, and becomes,
in its indojM-n * > ■ -il.iui;;! lito ..t tn*-
people. H ren erati .n i« extended to every
opinion, in the ;uit-t ct-rtainty that truth need!
only u fa<r field lose- are the victory. Hero tho
human min i g«.c* forth nu.-hacklud in the pur
suit ot srionec. to collect stores of knowleugo
and acquire an c\er-incre ising mastery over
thu force* o* nature. Here the national doinwin
is offered and held in miili'Mii.« i separate free
holds, so that our ie||.ov-ctt'zen*. beyond ttio
occupants oi any other part of tho earth, con-
Fti'utciu reality n people Here exists tbe dem
ocratic form ol government: snd thn' form of
government. I»y iho contecsion ol European
statesmen, ‘ gives a power <>f which no other
that be
MiltO, ;
public
y thing
ft para! lei oxist
the soul.”
ist hritory. df.
happiness which
roach oi tue people of the Uuib'd
"’her . in any part of the globe, can
tions be found so suited to their habit*
titled to their lov e as their own tree Constitu
tion? Every me of them, men, iu whatever
part of the land he bus bin home, must wish ita
stitu-
erpe
lily. Who of Uu
‘ every step by v
Mates have «d‘
independent nut
tinguished by .
agency 7“ Who v
prayer t
tbi
P .th,
(lay iu
of the
Is of \\ a.-hiuRton. tlmt
peoplo of the Unitod
tho character of un
s to have been dis-
't>n of Providential
i me
General Government
edeni tho maximum nnnud
disheartened. Tnc coun ry t*
lsb>r, and the ftcdni :u are in
ptoyment, cal'ura and prone,
ihrir right .d v..,u-t »r> migrr
pa ristion i n .. he qacit or
not idvlfo u r l ie d e uova
itation. Ti t a* rat :> r c.i c >ur
honur&H'p ud useful industry, ‘
be boh* fie al to tliuimulv* h ulid
try; snd - t'l'itsd ef hsaty
ii need ol
cd ol en
i. Whi
• fh« coun
ipirion* oi
fisiluro. If tbeie be tiotl i «g
wanting lb Ihe I ir trial «I tin; i xpnrimunt
Tha chsi g'i in their condition is the sub-
SMvUinn oi it.li -r hy cenuaut I r the h auis
tf slavery. Tim Ircdumi etnnot I airly bo
«ccu*ed ol unwilltngncs* i«» work, so long
sa s donut isinsiiii about hia froedom ol
choice in h'• i tirsntt*. *i'd the c. r ainiy «»i
bis reco'oring hts sripuiattd wages- lh
this tho rnmra.t# «d the employer snd tbr
employed c inetda. Ti " employer d *ire»
in bis workmen spirit and Hric.i'v, and
these can be putuiMneiiily Mcund til no
other way. And il the one ought to be
aioly nrecodtng tho rebnllion, was $3,583,
845. The revenues of the last lUcal year
amounted to $14,656,168. and tlrToxocnd-
ituros to $13,694,728. I»»aviug a s'urplui^8T
receipts over oxptMidituros of $861,480.
Urogros! lias boon made in motoring the
postal service in tho Southern States.
The views presented by tho Fostmastor
General against the policy of uj^bsme
subsidies to ocean mail stoayffipi'p
upon ustablishod routes, and i\favor of
continuing tho prusopt system, which lim
its the compensation for oce*n sorvico to
the postage earnings, are recommended to
the careful consideration of Congress.
It appears, from tho report of the Sec
retary of tho Navy, that while, at the
commoncomont of,the present year, there
wore in commission 530 vessels of all
oU*»ft& pnd descriptions, armed with 3000
guns fknd manned by 6l|0OO men; the
number of v*9Muls at present in commis
sion is 117, with 830 guns aud 12.128 men.
By this prompt reduction of the naval
-roceljjts tribute to tho public wvlfa
' their fair sharo of the public burden*
During tho war, under the impulse* o
patriotism, the mon of tho groat body «'
the peoplo, without regard to the rowi
comparative want of wealth, thronged t
our armiests*d filled our fleet! of war
and held themselves ready to offer thei
lives for tho public good. Now, in thei
turn, tho property and income ul tii
country sholfld bear their just proporti "
(.1 tho burden of taxation, while in qu
Mipost svsteni, through ntcan> of v.h
mcreasoa vitality is incidentally iori“ rt <1
to all tho industrial intercuts of tho i-atiqn,
t e dutio* should ho so adjusted as to tall
most heavily on articles of luxury, leav
ing tho accessaries of life m free from
taxation as tho absolute wants of the Gov-
eminent, economically administered, will | and fl
ndly dispositi
[ttons of public law, of which
‘ t is essential t«» tho pence of
'd, though pucumury repara
tion to ihciV injured citizens would have
followeJ incidentally on a dcci*ion
against Great Britain, such compensation
was not their primary object. They tied
a higher motive, and it was in the inter
ests of peace and justice to establish im
portant principles of uiternalionul law.
Tno correspondence will bo placed before
you. Tho ground on which tho British
Minister rests Iris justification is, substan
tially, that the municipal law of a nation,
nnd tho domestic interpretations of that
<hw, are the measure of its duty as u neu
tral ; and i feel bound tn declare my
opinion, before you and before the world,
tlmt the justification cannot bo sustained
before the tribunal of nations. At the
same time l do not advise to any present
attempt at redress hy acts of legislation
For the future friendship between the
two countries must rest on the basis of
mutual, justice.
From tho moment of the establishment of
our treo Constitution, tue civilised world has
heca mi varied by revolutions iu tho interests
ot ilemooruoy or of monarchy, but through all
olutions tho United Btateshuve wisely
ly refuted to become propagandists of
J. R. IVEY & CO.,
COTTON FACTORS,
Warehouse,
KKClilVINli, t BWABDUG AND CHMillAL
Commission Merchants,
justify. No favored clam should demand | republicanism. It isthe oub’ government suit
freedom from Hsve*8tneni, and the tax-! I od to <>ui'Condition; but we have never sought
.hould be io ULtrlbuted y. n„« to f.M un- ; ! y ° ““h^^o.Tr Tv^SfnV.on'r
duly on tho poor, but ratlmr on tho area- commend it only by the careful presor
mutated wealth of the country. We * ‘ **“ j
should look at the national debt juri a* it
is—not as w national blessing, hut as m
heavy burden on tne Industry of the coun
try, to he discharged without unneces
sary delay.
a till ample Mtorage
Comdgnx ont* solicited.
Oppo*»tc Post Office-
J. H. 1VKV .V CO.
Columbus, Ga». Nov. F. I4ti5—liu ^
NEW FIRM.
r I 1 lir undersigned beg leavo to inform thair
L Inciuri and tho public gi'no-ally, thnt thoy
have t in* day formed a coput'tiivrriiip under tho
name and style ut
FOIXTAINE & HUGHES,
fur the trnnsuctiou of a
Warehouse nml (ionoral C«u)D)ission kus oess.
A J business entruFted to them shsll receivo
pruuipt uttentien. Our NVarchouse. in process
ot erection, will soon be ready, but iu tbe moan-
tiine we will provide *tora«« tor onr patrons
until I he building is finished- Oar office at pres
ent i* on Randolph -ireci, in IV. W. (karard's
butldiug, near the ulU le>«elj Wutebouse.
JOIIN Kt'NTAlNK,
W. II. llUGIIl^.
Columbus. Bcpt. 19.1W'-cetl-tl
FIREPROOF WAREHOUSE!
'Vlilmv
«M.ri(
i i Cullou and M«i
patruuagoni our Irira. . , ..
•rally. VfcPNOV A MAllAl
vet 17-tjaul