Newspaper Page Text
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VOL. XXL
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 13, 1879.
NO. 38
WASHINGTON.
pl«ehb»rk flrla at Place-Nomination-*
Kcnote Cnncii* RcaolvM to Press Ed
mond'* Resolntlons— Potter Commit-
tee—Tellerltes bn Mississippi..
PINCHBACK GETS A PLACE.
Washington, February 12. —
Pinciibnok lias accepted the position
of Revenue Agent of a Louisiana
district.
NOMINATIONS.
Joseph Richardson has been nomi
nated postmaster at Houston, Texas-
republicans on order of busi
ness.
The committee appointed by the
Republican members of the Senate
to prepare and report to the caucus
on order of business for the remain
der of the session, agreed to-day that,
besides the annual appropriation
bills, the Edmunds Constitutional
amendment to prohibit the payment
of disloyal claims should lie pressed
forward to final action.
POTTER COMMITTEE.
At an informal meeting of the Pot
ter investigating committee to-day,
at the instance of the Republican
members, it was agreed to issue sub
poenas for Messrs. Coyle of New York,
Wooley of Cincinnati, Solomon of
South Carolinu, and Dunn of Flori
da. No other business. Although a
meeting of (lie committee is called
for to-morrow, it Is not probable tbs!
anything interesting will occur until
Monday next, at which time the
above-named are expected to arrive
In the city.
FORTY-FIFTH COSfiRESS.
senate.
Washington, February 12.—Sar
gent, of California, from the commit
tee on naval affairs, reported favora
bly on tlie Senate bill to regulate ap
plications for restoration to the active
list of the navy. Passed.
it provides that all applications of
oflicers of the navy for restoration to
the active list, or for advancement to
position on the active list, and also
similar application on the retired list,
as well us pay therein, shall lie made
to the Secretary of the Navy, who
shall thereupon order a hoard of otli-
cers, not below tiie grade of the ap
plicant, to investigate his case and
report thereon, and said report, with
the recommendation thereon of the
Secretary of the Navy, shall be for
warded to Congress for its action
thereon. No such application shall
be made except us herein provided.
He also reported from the same
adversely on the Senate Dill ttuthoi-
ixing the establishment of a naval sta
tion and depot at Port Royal, S. 0.,
and it was indefinitely postponed.
Allison, from the committee on In
dian affairs, reported hack the resolu
tion instructing the committee to in
quire into the recent escape of the
Cheyenne Indians, and subsequent
slaughter, together with the commu
nications from the Secretaries of War
and Interior on the subject. He said
the committee wns unable, from the
papers, to make any intelligent re
port this season, but believed it u
matter of importance, and should be
Inquired into. Therefore, on behalf
of the committee, he submitted a
resolution for a select committee of
five to examine Into the circumstan
ces attending the escape, etc. Agreed
to.
Whyte presented a resolution of
the Baltimore board of trade and re
monstrance of ship owners of that
city against tile proposed amendment
to the postofflee appropriation bill to
establish Brazilian mail steamship
lines. Ordered printed and laid on
the table, tl}c bill being now before
the Senate.
The'Senate passed the House bill
creating tlie northern judicial dis
trict of Texas.
The bill to supply additional libra
ry accommodations was discussed,
ami the bill to restrict Chinese immi
gration was tuken up.
HOUSE*
Washington, February 12.—The
House is in committee on legislative,
judicial and executive appropriation
bill. ___
Tellerltca.
Special to Enquirer-Sun.]
Washington, Fell. 12.—General
IJeuben E. Davis, of Mississippi, was
examined by tin: Teller committee
to-day regarding tlie election in the
first Congressional district of Missis
sippi. He said lie ran as a greenback
candidate and received many votes,
but.was declared defented, notwith
standing a fair count would have
shown his election by ten thousand
majority over Mulgrow. Wm. H.
Vusser, also of Mississippi, testified
to disturbances at several speuking
places, and said tlie Republican party
of Mississippi was virtually dead, and
that the white people of that State
will prevent by all means in their
power, tlie return of Republican gov
ernment.
VIRGINIA.
ALABAMA LEGISLATURE.
■a altar7
tilled.
Special to Enquirer-Sun.]
Montgomery, Ala., Feb. 12.
HEN ATE.
BILLS PASSED.
To appropriate 110,000 for limbs for
maimea soldiers.
To authorize the redemption of
lands sold for taxes upon payment of
one-half the amount due January
next.
To give eacli blind soldier $150.
To appropriate $:i,000 to curry tlie
health laws of the State into effect.
To authorize the exchange of cer
tain coupons of the State bonds.
IIOITNE.
BILLS PASSED.
To repeal part of the act to author
ize Eufuula to adjust outstanding in
debted ness.
To fix per diem of commissioners
court of Bulloch county.
To prevent tlie hiring of convicts
in squads of less tlinn 10.
To regulate duties of overseers of
roads.
To regulate tlie employment of
volunteer militia in enforcing laws.
To allow suit.to be brought against
a corporation in any county where it
does business.
To prevent any unlawful impound
ing ol animals.
Bill preventing the taking of tur
pentine from tlie trees on the land of
another was defeated.
SANITARY RBSLUTION KILLED.
A resolution was adopted allowing
only standing committees to report.
Tills action will defeat the Montgom
ery nnd Selma sanitary bill, as it is
in the hands of a special committee,
which cannot report without unani
mous consent. Tlie friends of tlie
hill voted for the resolution without
thinking of tiie result. J. II. P.
Itnllroud Flizlil Over » Trunleo.
Special to"Enquirer-Sun,]
Indianapolis, Ind., Feb. 13.—In
the United States court to-day, be
fore Judge Gresham, Wm. King, el
at, complainants, against the Ohio
and Mississippi Railroad company,
defendants on petition of a majority
in amount of the second mortgage
bondholders for the appointment of
Roht. Garrett, as successor to Sam
uel G. F. Adell, deceased, one of the
trustees of said bondholder, the
court ordered notice to he given tlie
Ohio and Mississippi Ruilroad com
pany and to Allen Campbell, the
other trustee, to show cause within
thirty days why the prayer of the
petitioners should not be granted.
Louisville A»k* for n Ntcamalilp Lino
to Brasil.
Special to Enquirer-Sun.]
Louisville, Ky., February 12.—
At a meeting of merchants to-day the
following was adopted : Whereas,
in the opinion of the Louisville Man
ufacturers’ and Merchants’ Exchange
tlie passage of tlie hill now before
Congress establishing a mail line be
tween New Orleans and Brazil would
be of great importcane to the com
merce of Kentucky and tlie South,
our delegates in Congress lie and are
hereby respectfully requested to sup
port said measure.*
I.oiiIhIuiiu Rrdlciil*.
Special to Enquirer-Sun. 1
New Orleans, February 12.—The
Louisiana Republicans organized to
day for the Constitutional Conven
tion campaign. Warmouth, with
Dumont in command, Jack Wharton
in First, Stamps in Second, Marks in
Third, Leonard in Fourth, McMillen
in Fifth, nnd Anderson in Sixth Con
gressional distrios, with Messrs.
Badger, Lewis and Ladd to consti
tute a campaign committee. They
promise vigorous work.
Election t'nacw— t Lfmou for Deputy
NnnthnU.
Richmond, Feb. 12.—In the Uni
ted States Circuit Court to-day in the
uase of Adolphus Gilman, tried for
violation of election laws in forcibly
ejecting a Deputy United Slates Mar
shal from the polling room In the
Fifth ward at Petersburg, continued
from yesterday, Judge Hughes ruled
to the effect that deputy marshals of
election have no right in such
a room during tlie progress of vot
ing unless his presence is needed
to quell actual disturbance, or if tlie
supervisor Vie in actual need of pro
tection, or if fraud bo attempted. The
pvldence not being of a character to
sustain such a charge tlie district at
torney entered a nolle jirosequi, and
the prisoner was discharged.
The evidence in tlie ease of Alex
ander Vaughn, judge of tlie election
in Petersburg, charged with "ballot
box stuffing," was heard, and tli
case wiis continued until to-morrow
The cases of Parham and Oliv
judges of election in the same city
were continued till tlie next term of
court.
Rhode Inland Town Election.
New Brighton, R’. I., Feb. 12.—
The returns from yesterday's town
election in this county show a decided
Republican gain. The Board of Su
pervisors which last, year was com-
jxised entirely of Democrats will this
year consist of three Democrats and
two Republicans.
Tiie nilllard SI nu ll.
New York, February 12.—Tlie
prizes in the late billiard tournament
were distributed to-night. Jacob
Schaefer was awarded the tirst prize,
$1,000 in gold and a solid silver vase ;
Geo. P. Slossen, tlie second prize,
$i>00 in gold ; William Sexton, third,
$300 in gold; and Maurice Daly,
fourth, $200 in gold.
Kentucky Miner* (Jo to Work.
Cincinnati. February 12.—Tlie
oal miners at Ashland, Ky., who
have been on u strike for tlie past
few months, have resumed work
without any concessions having been
made by the owners.
Dead.
Long Branch, N. .1., February
12.—Mrs. James W. Wallack, sister-
in-law of John Lester Wallack,
comedian of New York, and daugh
ter of tlie late Wm. R. Blake, come
dian, died yesterday.
A Kentucky Mob.
Cincinnati, Ohio, February 12.—
A dispatch from Louisville say
mob of 200 men rode into Cumphellfr
vllle, Ky., Saturday, in search of J
Robinson, who lias been appoint
ed receiver to collect tlie railroad tax
ftom Taylor county, in satisfaction of
the judgment of the United States
Circuit Court at Louisville. The
si'«rail was fruitless. Robinson, it is
rtatel, has resigned the receivership
ENGLAND.
Strike at Liverpool Continue..
Liverpool, Februnry 12.—Trade
is quite paralyzed by the strike,
which has now extended to the cart
ers, and the whole body of carpenters
same of whom were already on a
strike. Thcstrikc among tlie sailors
lias become more general, and great
difficulty is experienced in obtaining
crews save at considerably increased
rates. Yesterday several shl|is wero
awaiting crews, but tlie men were
firm. It is stated there are thirty-
five grain laden ships at Queens
town, and that the owners do
not know where to send
them. There are many reports of
intimidation by dock hands and
laborers, nnd others, to prevent men
from working until the dispute is
settled. Tlie Cunard Company have
all their vessels in the Hoskisson
dock, which is enclosed, nnd have
provided within the dock walls ac
commodations for tlie men brought
from Glasgow. The local authori
ties maintain strict supervision with
the police and military, and none
but people on business are allowed
within the enclosure along the whole
line of docks. There is to lie another
Interview to-day between the ships
owner’s committee and the deputa
tion from the strikers.
THAT HUMBUG WESTON.
London, February 12.—Weston,
tlie American pedestrian, who started
from tlie Royal Exchange, London,
at 12:05 the morning of the 18th ult.,
on a wulking tour of two thousand
miles over tlie country roads under
taking to walk this distance, also to
deliver fifty lectures in towns on the
way in one thousand hours, left
Thirsk county, York, last night for
Scarborough, where lie is due this af
ternoon. He is about 170 miles be
hind time, in good health and spirits
and walking well. The weather thus
far has been very unfavorable.
LATER.
Special to Enquirer-Sun.]
London, Feb. 13.—Weston reached
Scarborough this afternoon, then 161
miles behind time.
CHARTERING STEAMERS.
Special to Enquirer-Sun.]
London, February 12.—The Admi
ralty announces that it lias chartered
fifteen steamers to carry troops and
supplies to the Cape. This fleet in
chides tlie trails-Atlantic steamers
Egypt*, France, Spain, Russia, Eng
land, China, Olympus, Palmyra, and
City of Paris.
GERMANY.
Opculn? of tlie K*lrli*tnjr—Speech or
Eiuperor William.
Berlin, February 12.—The Ger
man Reichstag to-day was opened by
Emperor William in person. In his
speech from tlio thrown lie thunked
the members for assisting in the sup
pression of the socialist agitation and
imped they would continue to support
the government as far as was necessa
ry for the curing of socialist evil. He
announced tlie abolition of article live
of the Treaty of Prague, and referred
with pleasure to the friendly relations
witli Austria, and the results, of the
Berlin Congress. He declared that
the relations between Germany nnd
nil other powers are satisfactory, and
that she would continue to use her
influence in behalf of European
peace.
Berlin, February 12.—At the
opening of the Reichstag the Empe
ror referred to the plague in Russia,
and then said the latest reports justify
tlie hope that energetic measures of
the Russian government will shortly
suppress the epidemic, when traffic
on the frontier will be restored on a
neighborly footing, which befits
friendly countries.
LATER.
Special to Enquircr-Sitn.]
Referring to tlie customs policy of
the government, the Emperor said:
Our commerce has the rigiit.to claim
that tiie protection which the legisla
tion regarding tlie customs taxes can
afford, and which is afforded,
perhaps, beyond what is nec
essary in countries with which
we trade. My duty is to pre
serve the German market for articles
of home production. We should re
vert to well tried principles which
we, in our commercial policy since
18G5, have abandoned. Clause five of
the Treaty of Prague was, lie said,
abrogated and put an end to tlie un
certainty of tlie people of North
Schleswig respecting their future des
tiny.
The Emperor’s speech closed with
the following sentence: "The pro
motion and development of friendly
relations with nnd among the (low
ers is tlie task to which should he
devoted the great power achieved, by
German unity.”
THE PLAGUE.
Disappeared at A*(rarhnn.
r. Petersburg. February 12.—
The Halos publishes tiie following
telegram from principal members of
theBourseat Astrachan: According
to official and private reports tlie epi
demic iias disappeared. There has
been no cases In this government for
several days.
Denmark’s precautions.
Special to Enquirer-Sun; |
Copenhagen, February 12.—Talk-
etliing has voted urgency for the bill
instituting precautions ((gainst the
plague.
Morocco.
Special to Enquirer-Sun.]
Madrid, February 12.—Tlie Patrla
publishes a letter from Tangier, Mo
rocco, dated Februnry 4th, saying tlie
Governor of Fez has taken refuge in
tlie sanctuary to escape the populace,
who have risen against him.
Tlie Sultan of Morocco had a stroke
of paralysis.
Anarchy reigns throughout the
Empire,
Unlled Stole. Semite.
The political changes in the Sen
ate foot up seven Senators gained
from tlie Republicans by the Demo
crats and one gained from tlie Demo
crats, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida
and South Carolina retire carpet-bag
adventurers for Houston, Wulker,
Call and Hampton, leaving Kellogg
as the last of his race to disgrace the
Senate. California retires Sargent
for Farley ; < >hio sends Pendleton to
succeed Matthews, and Oregon lias
retired Mitchell with Slater. Tlie
single gain made by tlie Republicans
was Platt for Barn uni, in Connecti
cut. Gordon, Allison, Ingalls, Jones,
Conkling, Cameron and Morrill have
been chosen their own sucoessprs.
Logan and Carpenter have represent-:
ed their States in the Senate one term,
but both were defeated in efforts
for re-election—Carpenter four years
ago and Logan two years since. Now
both return, after having defeated tlie
colleagues they left in tlie Senate
when they were beaten. Vance was
chosen to the Senate soon after the
war, but was not admitted to ids seat,
and Shields lias been twice tiefore
elected to the Senate from tiie States
of Illinois and Minnesota. It is nota
ble that Mitchell, of Oregon, and
Patterson, of South Carolina, are
botli from Pennsylvania. The Re
publicans have lost none of their able
men but Matthews and Howe, and
SOUTHERN TEXT HOOKS,
Hepl? or Pr#f. Wan. 1H. Itronne In Hap
('liars** Mad* by a Northern Editor—
An Able and Convincing Document—
A Fanatic Demolished.
University ok Georgia, De’p’t.
ok History and Political Sci
ence,
Athens, Ga., Jan. 0, 187!!.
Editor of the Examiner and Chroni
cle:
In an editorial article published in
your paper on tlie 3d inst., under the
head, "Home Southern Text Rooks,”
you state, inferentially, at least, if
not directly! that “lioiitlcal heresy”
respecting their duties us citizens of
the United States, is taught tlie stu
dents of the University of Georgia,
from the Chair of History and Po
litical Science, whicli 1 have the
honor to occupy.
In tlie belief'that you would not
willingly do me an injustice, I ask
you to publish the following reply to
your artiole, that they who have,
ihrough your widely circulated pa
per, read the accusation, may also
read my defense.
You found your charge upon (lie
fact that among the text books an
nounced by tliut institution (the Uni
versity of Georgia), in the depart
ment of History and Political Sci
ence—and the only text books that
bear on “American Affairs,” you no
tice Stephens’ History of the United
States; Stephens’ War between tlie
States, and Calhoun on the Constitu
tion of the United States; and upon
certain questions which you extract
from an examination paper in my
department, published in our mi
nimi announcement for 187.8.
To the first of these text-hooks you
say, "prepared by a Southerner, who
certainly does accept the situation,”
you make no serious objection ; but
you sincerely regret that Mr. Cal
houn, whose political heresies were
the very tap root of the recent civil
war, still furnishes the only text
hook from which the students of tlie
University of Georgia arc instructed
respecting their duties us citizens of
the United States.
Tlie political heresy which you
charge me with teaching consists in
my instructing the students, as you
suppose, “to regard ‘a nation’ which
lias abundantly vindicated its na
tionality, ns a mere federation of sov
ereign and substantially independent
States.” I hope I have slated fairly
your charge and specifications.
I admit that tlie text books you
have named are those which 1 use in
the University of Gcorgiu, and the
only text books that 1 use which hear
on American affairs. But if you
make no serious objection to the use
of those of which Hon. Alex. H. Ste
phens is the author, you cannot just
ly take exception to the use of Mr.
Calhoun's work, because Mr. Cal
houn lias never, lay pen or word,
more clearly or more emphatically
asserted tlie doctrine that tlie union
of the States is a federation of sover
eign and independent States, and not
a nation ill the sense of u consolida
ted repuldie, tiian does Mr. Stephen
in his “Constitutional View of the
War between the States.” If the
doctrine of the great statesman of
South Carolina as to the nature of
the Union is political heresy, tlie
great statesman of Georgia is equally
guilty, for tlie views of both on the
subject arc precisely identical.
I admit, further, that 1 do touoli
the students that the union of the
States Is a federation of sovereign and
Independent States, and not a consol
idated republic. But is this "politi
cal heresy?" I do not tench those
solely because Mr. Calhoun or Mr.
Stephens asserted it, though 1 have
the highest possible respect for their
opinions, nor do I teach it because it
is the view maintained by any polit
ical party. I believe 1 do not allow
party polities or my individual party
affiliations to affect in tlie least my
teachings of what I believe to be
historical truth. Did I believe, as
fully and as conscientiously us I sup
pose you do, that the fathers of the
Republic made a mistake in their
choice of a form of Government—
that it would have been much better
bad all tlie States been fused Into
one, and bud a national government
been established—with tlie fuels of
history before me, I do not see how
I eau teach otherwise tiian that a
purely federal government was es
tablished—a government for States
and by Stales. Whatever may lie
my individual opinion as to the guilt
of Charles I, whether I door do not
believe that lie ought to have been
put to death, I eau not teach students
that he was guilty of treason as that
crime was then defined in the statute
book of England. Nor, whatever 1
may think of the political treachery
of Strafford, can 1 teach that tlie
means employed to convict and con
demn him were legally or iqocaUy
justifiable. I may bo the firmest In-
For upwards of thirty years Mrs.
Winslow’s Soothing Syrup has been
used for children. It corrects acidity
of the stomach, reliovos Wind Colic,
regulatoa the bowels, cures Dysentery
and Diarrhoea, whether arising from
teething or other causes. An old and
well-tried remedy. 25 cents a bottle.
Ieb26 ddtwly
never in the wisdom, Justice and good
lioUcy of the Alien mid Sedition Acts,
but f cannot teach that they were
not flagrant violations of the letter
and spirit of tlie Constitution of the
United States.
You quote three questions from my
examination paper, which, you say,
are "especially suggestive," and
"redolent of Calhounism.” The
first is :
8. "Show, by a consecutive state
ment of historical facts, that the
thirteen States, from tlie beginning
of their dispute with Great Britain
to the ratification s<( the ('onstitiitinn
of 1787, always acted as separate and
distinct political communities, mud
never as one nation.”
Allow me to cite a few of the his-
torical facts which i asked the stu
dents to state, and let us see whether
or not they show what the question
demands. I hold it to he an histori
cal fact that from their original set
tlement to tlie Declaration of Iiulu-
pemluiio.i the thirteen colonies were
separate and distinct, severally gov
erned by laws of their own making,
and, beyond the ties of good neigh
borhood, having nothing in common
except that their inhabitants were
subjects of tlie British sovereign.
The Congress of the colonies which
met in '77-1 was, as tlie opening litre
h
_ . of Us journal
they are sueceded by Pendleton and I of “a nunibei^of delegates” chosen
Carpenter, who will at once be lead- and appointed by the “several
ers In tlie Senate. The Democrats j colonies and provinces of North
gain both numerically and intellectu- j America, to meet and hold a Con-
ally by supplanting the earpet-bag- gress.” The very first tiling which
gers with men of fair ability. "
have one vote. In the credentials of
the delegates I do uot find even the
shadow of a hint that any delegate
represented anything but his own
colony, that any delegate claimed to
represent any other people than tlie
people of that particular colony from
whom be derived ids commission.
The second Continental Congress,
which met in Philadelphia in 1775,
like tlie first, was organized as a Con
gress of separate nnd distinct political
bodies, anti in it also each colony had
one vote, every attempt to change
this rule having been uniformly de
feated. The Declaration of Indepen
dence by this Congress, which Judge
Story admits was "nn not of para
mount and sovereign authority"—
"an act of original, Inherent sover
eign authority,” was made—as wo
learn from the most authentic record
extant, namely, that communicated
by Mr. Jefferson to Mr. Madison, and
published in the Madison papers,
Vnl, I, ]i. 0—by tlie delegates of tlie
ml colonies in obedience to in
structions from their respective con
stituents, "as no colony could be
bound but by its own consent.”
Final action oh the declaration was
delayed until four of tlie States—little
Delaware was one of them — bad
severally empowered their delegates
to assent to iI, The title of the De-
liirntioii of Independence is "the
unanimous declaration of the thir
teen l’ ni ted SI atm of America.” The
declaration says that “these colonies
are, and of right ought to be, free and
independent Staten.
Washington’s comfiiisslon as Com
mander-in-chief of the Continental
armies was made out in tlie name of
all the colonies, eacli colony being
expressly named. Tlie officers oftlie
army swore (hat they acknowledged
"tlie thirteen United States ol Ameri
ca—name!}, New Hampshire, Massa
chusetts, Ac., Ac., (all being named),
to lie free, independent and sovereign
Slates." In the treaty of peace with
Great Britain, in 17s:i, "His llritanic
Majesty acknowledges the Indepen
dence of the said United States, viz.:
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Ac.,
Ac., (naming every one oftlie thir
teen), to he free, sovereign and inde
pendent States.” The Articles of
Confederation, the first written Con
stitution of tlie United States, were
submitted "to the respective colonies
for their consideration and ratifica
tion,” and were not of legal force
until all the colonies had ralilied
them. Tlie allegiance of the citizens
was due to the laws of the colony of
which he was a member. (Resolu
tions of Congress, June 24 177(1.)
Under the Confederation, eacli State
punished treason, counterfeiting and
the like. The premlsslon of each
State was asked and obtained before
Congress could raiso troops within its
limits. Each State had exclusive
power to levy and collect taxes and
regulate commerce. Congress. had
no such authority.
During the seven years of its exis
tence Hie Continental Congress never
claimed to exercise any inherent
powers. It never pretended to com
pel a dissentient colony to conform
to its will, even though all tlie others
hail severally given their consent.
It never enacted a law. It merely
expressed opinions, passed resolu
tions, made recommendations and
requests. Tlie very first declaration
of tlie Articles of Confederation, after
setting forth the style of tlie ('onfedo
ra ey wns, that "each Slate retains its
own sovereignty, freedom and inde
pendence, and every power, jurisdic
tion and right not by the Confedera
tion expressly delegated to the Uni
ted States in Congress asssembled.”
The Constitution of 1787 was fram
ed by delegates commissioned by the
several States "for tlie sole and ex
press purpose of revising tlie Articles
of Confederation.” In all the discus
sions tlie vote was taken by States,
eacli State having one vote, and the
proponed Constitution was submitted
to the several States, ami ratified by
Conventions of tlie people of the sev
eral States called for that purpose. In
Hie clause providing for the Consti
tution going into effi'et when nine
States shall have ratified it, it was
declared tliut it should only go into
effect “between the States so ratify
ing tlie same.”
Are not those historical facts, and
do they not show that the thirteen
States’from the begining of their dis
pute with Great Britain "always
acted as separate and distinct politi
cal communities, and never as one
nation or consolidated republic?" As
I read and understand them, they
show this and this only; and l can
not teach otherwise. You cannot say
that it is political heresy to teach the
truth. If 1 have misstated, perverted
or surpressed any historical fact, I
wish you would prove that I have
done so. I have not intended to do It.
The second question to which you
take exception as redolent of Cal-
liouuism is as fallows:
“(i. Demonstrate from the provi
sions of tiie Constitution and the
amendments, and from the history of
its adoption, the Federal character o/
the Government."
The equal representation of the
States In the Federal Senate, by
whicli a majority of States lias the
absolute power to veto any measure
adopted by the House of .Representa
tives ; the impossibility to deprive
any State, without its consent, of tills
equality in tlie Senate, and the lan
guage of the Dull amended article
with reference to the reserved pow- 1
era of tin* States, demonstrate, I
think, tlie Federal character of the j
Government, Is it not the prntni- |
lient idea of tlio Constitution, from |
beginning to end, that it is a com
pact between States just as miieli as J
the Articles of Confederation were?
Does not the history of its adoption |
prove the same thing? I need only
refer to tlie striking out tlio word
“national” wherever it occurred ill
Governor Randolph's plan, and the
substitution of the Words “Govern
ment of the United States” to prove
that tlie framers of tlie Constitution
believed that they were carrying out
their intention to frame a Federal,
and not a National Government.
Surely nolsidj can read the history
i.f the “Great Compromise” in the
Convention, and conic to any other
conclusion ns to the intent of a ma
jority of the States represented in
pie of eacli State respectively, and
not with tlie people of all the States
as one mass."
It certainly cannot he denied that
the Constitution was submit! >d to
theState Legislatures, that tlie Leg
islatures might provide for iti sul.-
nilssion to special Conventions of tlie
several States, and that it was: «u rati
fied by these Conventions. 5Vo i not
this act of ratification a sovereign net
in the fullest sense of the ivorj?
Could the Constitution have hound a
single Stale that might have refused
to ratify it ? Was It binding on Rhode
Island and North Carolina during
the period of their hesitation to
ratify? Do not these facts, referring
emphatically to separate State action,
exclude the possibility of a contem
plated fusion of alt tlio States into
one mass?
Whether or not, Mr. Editor, hail I
tlie making of the Constitution, I
should frame it differently, obliterate
Slate sovereignty, and ’reduce the
States to the condition of dependent
provinces, or “districts of people,” I
cannot change the facts. Mr. Madi
son, Col. Hamilton and many others
who desired a "National” Govern
ment, “accented the situation" at the
time, and whether they liked it or
not, declared repeatedly that Hie
Government established b.v the Con
stitution was essentially Federal. I
cannot make it anything else, and so
I am obliged to teach. And I do this
without any reference to the “late
war,” its causes or results. For I
cannot see how the late war can he
said to linveafl’octed the fundamental
law, or changed the character oftlie
government. 1 consider tlie great
works of Mr. Stephens and Mr. Cal
houn eminently able, perfectly
truthful uml critically accurate ex
positions of the Constitution, and
therefore it is that I have adopted
them as text books in my department.
Ho long as the Constitution remains
ns it is, I shall be obliged to teach the
students that ours is essentially a
Federal Government, anil that we
are not a nation in the sense of a con
solidated republic.
I think, Mr. Editor, I am quite ns
willing as you can-tie, to "let by
gones be liy-gones,” but I cannot
treat historical trulh as a by-gone. 1
must believe tliut it is mighty and
will prevail, r know how prone men
are to reject unwelcome knowledge,
and to refuse all knowledge, fact and
Inference which run counter to their
prejudices nnd inclinations, r don't
suppose, however, that you are oftlie
number, but that, whether facts are
unwelcome or tin* reverse, whether
they arc congenial or otherwise, you
will willingly acknowledge truth and
do justice.
Very respectfully yours,
Wm. M. Browne,
Professor History and
Political Science.
Tli* Metric Double* Engle,
Washington Republican.]
The first specimen of tlie metric
gold double eagle on the goloid prin
ciple, of the full value of $20, coined
at the PUIladelphln United StuteH
Mint, was received at the Treasury
Department yesterday. It is a beau-
tiful coin of the size of tlie old double
eagle, having a very rich hue. Tlio
design of tlio obverse side is a head
of Liberty, surmounted by thirteen
stars, between which is the metric
inscription, “30g. 1.5s. 3.5c. 35
grains," below which is 1870. On
the reverse is the double eagle, sur
mounted liy the words “United States
f America,” and a circle of thirteen
Slates emblazoned. Within tlio cir
clet is Hie Latin Inscription, "Deo rut
Gloria,” in a scroll held by tlie
agle tlie words “E /‘tnribns l r nwn,"
meaning, when translated, "The
United States of America—to Go.l Is
the glory—of many one." Beneath
tills the words “twenty dollars." The
coin has been handed to A. H. Stc
phens, chairman of the committee on
coinage. 11 is patentod by Dr, W i
liam Wheeler Hnbhell, and is tlie
champion coin of the goloid ilollur.
The Philadelphia North American
spoaks thus eneouragolngly of ibo cot
ton manufacturing future of the South;
"There is little doubt tli it cotton man
ufacturing in the North will bocoino a
thing of tlio past wltli'n a generation
after prosperity is retnrod ill the South.
It will no longer pay to carry the raw
material hundreds of miles and trans
port coal and supplies to tlie colder cli
mate of the N >rtli when both can bo
saved by tlio erection of factories nn
tlio spot. Now England will lose licr
cotton mills, just as she Inst her glass
factories, when tlio manufacture was
begun at Pittsburg, and the freight on
coal and sand saved. The future of the
South is In her own hand*, nnd she
alone holds control of h»r destiny."
I of that bod.
The third
of North
The
next Senate will contain more able
men than have ever met there since
the retirement of tlie Southern Sen
ators In 18U1,
W, eonq
' ’ uestion to which you
object is :
"8. Show how tlio fluff that the
Constitution was submitted to the
Legislatures of the several States,
that the Legislatures might provide
for its submission to Conventions of
^ . the people of theseveral States, proves
political bodies,and tliut, in ull their j that absolute sovereignty was thereby I bricklayers than a master beaver lias
deliberations, each colony should | recognized as residing with the peo-1 to wait upon ids head work-beavers,
these delegates did, after they organ
ized, was to declare that they were u
congress of separate and distinct
Tlie following will be very inter
esting to those wlio are fond of nutu-
ral history. Tlie thoughtful reader
will ask himself (lie question, do
these little animals reason ?
“At the head of one of tlio rivers of
Louisiana, in a very retired pluee,
was found a heaver dam. Not far
from it, but hidden from tlie sight of
the animals, tlie writer hid liimsell
in order to wateli tlio operations ol
the beavers at leisure. He wuited
until the moon shone bright ami
then went with great care to the
dam. At once he cut a gutter about
u foot wide through it uud re
turned to his hiding-place. As
soon us tlie water through tlie gutter
began to make a noise, he heard a
beaver come from one of tire houses
and plunge in ; be saw him get upon
the bank, nnd clearly perceived that
he examined ii. Tire beaver then,
with till bis force, gave four distinct
blows with Ids tail, when at once a
whole colony threw themselves into
the water uml went to tlio dam. As
soon as they were assembled, one of
them appeared by grumbling to issue
some kind of orders, for they all in
stantly left lire place and went out on
the banks of the river in different di
rections. Those nearest to tlie writer
were bet ween the station and the dam
and therefore lie could observe their
operations very plainly. Some of
them formed a substance like mortar;
others carried this on their tails,
which served as sledges for the pur
pose. lie observed Hint they ranged
themselves two and two, and that
eaeli animal of every couple loaded
the other. They trailed tlie mortar,
which was pretty stiff, to tire dam,
where otliers were stationed to take
it. These put it into the gutter and
rammed it down with their tails.
Tire noise of Hie waters soon ceased
uml the breach was completely
paired. One of the beavers then
struck two blows with his tail, uud
instantly they all took to the water,
without any noise, and disappeared.”
One blow of the tail is the beaver's
signal of danger, ami when the signal
is given every beuver, though there
may lie dozens of them exposed to
view, will dive, if water be near, and
disappear
It is evident that a colony of beav
ers are regularly organized. Some
direct, others make tin mortal-, otliers
carry the mortar, and still others do
the work of putting together or build
ing. No master builder has a better
trained set of hands to wait upon his
State Courts Cannot Enjoin Uni
ted States OKKiouns.—The Attorney
Genoral has elvcn nil opinion to the
Secretarv of War upon tlio subject of
obeying an injunction Issued by the
Supremo Court of tiie State of New
York, enjoining Colonel L C Eaton,
Department Quartermaster, from pay
ing to Mr Keeney certain funds duo
Him for tlio construction of certain
quarters at David’s Islands, New York
lrerbor. Tlio Attorney General says It
Is not in the power of the State courts
to enjoin the Executive Departments
oftlie United States or the subordinate
iflicers of such departments from exe
cuting any legal orders thereon,
whether tlioy concern Iho payment of
money for tho performance of con tracts
with the United Statos or otherwise.
Mas. Oates, tlio actress, by mistake
took possession of a drawing-room ear
at St, Louis whicli hud been assigned
to Miss Ada Cavomlish, last Saturday
night, and when informed of the situa
tion virtually refused to leave. Tire
result was that George M. Pullman,
who happened to lie at tire depot, had
another drawing-room ear attached to
tho train, and Miss Cavomlish quietly
gave up lior own car anil took posses
sion of the other. All avire witnessed
tho transaction gave groat praise to
Miss Cnvendish for her solf-possosslon
and lady-llko demoanor.
The Senate has passed tire House
Dill which permits any woman of good
character who lias practiced as an at
torney before tire highest Court of a
Stato or Territory to bo admitted to tho
Supremo Court; of tho United Statos.
All tire votos against it—twenty—wore
by Domoerats. Among tho negatives
appears tho name of Mr Ilill. Genoral
Gordon either voted for tire girls or
olso was absent whon tire vote was
taken.
' • ♦ •
For Boveral days there has been
much quiet goHHip to tho effect that tlio
wivoH of certain prominent Democratic
Senators had called upon Mrs Hruee,
tho wifo of tho colored Senator from
Mississippi. Mr Bruco statos that nano
of tlio wives of Democratic Senators
have callod upon Mrs Bruce, but that
sovoral Democratic mom hors from tho
Northorn Statos and thoir wivos have
callod. All tho wivos of Republican
Senators have called.
Wuil.u tho cromatory of our sombre
friend, Dr LoMoyne, is to bo turned
into a pop corn factory,thosoof Europe
aro in a flourishing condition. Tho
cromatory at Milan burned out, last
year, twenty-seven very lino specimens
of cremated humanity, l'orlnp* tho
roasoii of thoir success N thorhoipnos s
with which tho work in done. Crema
tion does not cost much m »ro than a
| dollar th *rc. I.oMoyno should come
down tohard pan prices with his oven.
Tli* Hun Wlio Hooted Dirhem.
Washington /•ost.]
Old Major Throckmorton, kerper
of tlie Gait Houae, in Louisville, is
lend. He was a good old man. ami
Kentucky to the bone. When Dick
ens came to ids house in 1840 lire
Major gracefully nnd hospitably ad
dressed Idm tlius while tire a wemhletl
crowd looked on anil listened with
admiration akin to entb'i-iisin:
“Mr. D'cketis, we are glad to welcome
you. We know you uml admire you,
and will reckon’ it a | r vi e/e to bo
allowed to extend to you the hospi
talities of tlie metropolis of Ken
tucky. As your especial host, l beg
that you will eomnmn I me for any
service in my power to render.” Mr.
Dickens received this with a frigid
stare. “When I need you, landlord,”
ire said, pointing to the door, "1 will
ring.” The next moment the distin
guished author was half way out of
the window, the Major’s hoots under
his coat tail, ami numerous Kentuck
ians holding the Major’s coat tail, for
the Major viewed insults from a
strictly Kentucky point of view, and
tho only mention of this incident in
tlie" American Notes” is tliut Dickens
saw a pig rooting in tlie streets of
Louisville, which proves tliut great
novelists are more careful about their
fiction than their facts.
Our Fa«<*«.
The human face is not only tire
“index of tlie soul.” Every bodily
sensution leaves its indellihle impress
upon tlie features. Every human
face, it studied attentively, reveals
the physical and mental history of
its possessor. On tlie crowded
street of tho city, what volumes of
these histories arc open to all who
would search them! The miser with
his features drawn as tightly as tho
mouths of his money bags;’tlio de
bauchee with his sensual, semi-ani
mal face; the young man with the
future fair and broad before him, ev
ery line of liis countenance revealing
energy ami ambition; the maiden’s
face bright with innocent love and
hone,—each of these face-histories is
as legible as tlie printed page before
you. But there are oilier faces in
which wo may read sad histories—
faces of work-weary women to whom
living has become an irksome bur
den. The fatal alphabet of disease is
written upon every litre of their
countenances. Why will these wo
men suffer from those painful dis
eases and weaknesses peculiar to the
sex, losing besides tlio charm and
beauty of a bright, beautiful face,
when Dr. Pierce’s Favorite Prescrip
tion is a sure and effectual remedy?
Ladies who have used it pronounce
it to he women’ll ethir of health,
Sold by druggists,