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DAILY ENQUIRED - PUN : COLUMBUS, GEORGIA. FRIDAY MORNING DECEMBER* 31. IMS. Alcohol in the Commerce of the Wo rid. An Article Tlint In Known to nnrt i'noit li) oil Clrllir.tMl unit Nnvnfro Karen—Th. I’m 1 IImt (lev* eminent. llnve flub- of t *. n non re r of lti-v- enue—Tito Mnny MillIoiik Kenlliril h) Ito To\> ntion In Different t'nuntrlfH. San Pranelno Chronicle. What would the world do without nleo- hol? That is a question not eiutily answer ed, but something instructive may be said about what it has done with it. There is not in the world a tribe so savage tiiat docs not know it by its effects. The Chinese and Japanese obtain it from rice. Wild tribes make it from juices of trees, plants, fruits and milk. But from whatever source obtained it is chemically the same—cur- bon, hydrogen and ogygen in certain fixed proportions. It is rarely seen pure. As spirits of wine it will show 10 percent, or more of absolute purity, and In brandy, whisky, wine, beer it is in proportions or only from 10or 15 to 50, to 70, to the entire quantity of liquid which contains it. LicpiidsAiontaining alcohol arc used for their effect on the nervous system. In small quantities they stimulate j taken in excess they paralyze. The Indian in a frontier settlement who sells a rifle, his only means of support, for a glass of whisky, is not aware of these reasons. Physiology and hygiene were not includi d in his youthful curriculum of study. The savage in the heart of the dark continent ■ is equally ignorant of the subtle influence in the juices of fruits or plants which he has expressed and subjected to a rude pro cess of fermentation. Mich knows simply that, having drank of the firewater, he is exhilarated and rested; that for the moment he is comfortable and happy. It is not probable that Noah was (lie first man wno got into a beastly state of intoxi cation on the juice of the grape, hut his shameful case is the first on record. The science of chemistry was still some thousands of years in the future, and the patriarch of the deluge know no more than tlie babe unborn of the active princi ple in tlie wine which caused his overt brow and the indelicate and irreverent conduct of hi •, sons. It is imt. in the province of this article to dilate on the abuses of alcohol or the liquids it is used to fortify, but rather of the uses Unit have been made of it. It is applied in medicine and in the arts in a great variety of ways and forms. Mcthc- giated—that is, adulterated with 10 per cent, of wood spirits which renders it im possible to take in ernally—it is used as a preservative agent. Tlie small per cent, that enters into the composition of good wines renders it harmless unless the wines are consumed in extraordinary excess. Wines, whiskies, and ail the liquids into which it enters in larger proportion must have their use largely tempered with discretion. One of the most curious branches of the subject is the use that governments have made of it as a source of revenue. This advantage taken of an almost universal popular appetite may seem unfair, but governments hnve had two potent reasons for having recourse to it. There was no danger that many persons would discon tinue its use to escape the tax, no matter how auriferous it might be, and it was a tax levied at the same time on a luxury, and the vice which governments, since they have thought of the matter at all, have always held to ho legitimate. As a taxpayer alcohol has, during the last 200 or 300 years, paid many billions of dollars to support governments, to build palaces, to raise and maintain armies, and to build and keep afloat navies. Without being able to state the figures exactly, we may say that it pays now not far from $1,201),- 000,000 annually to tlie various govern ments of the world who avail themselves of it as a means of income. France began in lOlill to tax alcohol for benevolent purposes. The tax was in creased in 1717. In 1780 simple alcohol paid a tux of $7.70 the twenty-two gallons, that twice ns strong $11 and spirits of wine $19-20 for the same quantity. The tax on alcohol disappeared m the son of universal liberty in 1701. Napoleon imposed a mod erate tax, and since then it has varied $8 the twenty-two gallons to $25, the highest rate being moderate from an American standpoint. But every time that flic gov ernment gets seriously straitened for money threats are made to raise it, which are al ways greeted throughout the country with a universal howl of disapprobation. Wines are thin and laid in France, and alcohol must be hud to fortify them, or to fabricate others that nre absolutely lletitious. Bismarck has kept Germany in a ferment for a year past by an effort to increase the Income of the government by raising the tax on alcohol. His success thus far has been far from corresponding with tiie zeal he has manifested. But us in France and in Russia, money must be had to maintain vast armaments, and the attempt will be sure to be rewarded the coming winter. Alcohol began to be imported from Venice into Germany in the fourteenth century. Since then its use him been general among the coal miners and the workmen in all manufacturing centers. It has been their stimulants, their nerve irritant, their chief comfort, as it has been among all the over worked populationofEurope. FrederickII. of Prussia,imposed the first tax (.son alcohol. In 1810 these taxes were changed from the product itself to the distilling apparatus and the raw material, to favor the manu facture of alcohol from potatoes which is a special German industry. This potato alcohol is imported into France in large quantities. It goes to Cognac, whence it is re-exported in the form of tine Cognac brandy to the United States and elsewhere. Baden, Wurtemberg, and Bavaria still con trol the tax on alcohol. It is said that Bis marck not only desires to raise the tax on this important product, but to absolutely monopolize the control of the 3357 distiller ies, which is the aggregate number in the country. French alcohol, imported into England by way of Holland, became a fashionable drink of the gentry about the cud of the seventeenth century. The financial branch of the government saw at once a means of increasing the national income. The Puri tans were frightened by the apparition of this new emissary of satan, and, being powerful in parliament, they caused the importation to be prohibited in 1077. This produced an unexpected development in the manufacture ot gin and whisky. Par liament then removed the prohibition and endeavored to stem the tide of drunken- ' ness by high license. This remedy prov ing insufficient, the distillation of grain was forbidden by n law in 1758, but finding it useless to struggle against the evil by such means, liberty of fabrication was granted, and the product was treated after ward simply as one of the fiscal resources of the government. In the sixteenth century the Russian government monopolized the sale of ulco- nol. It took the product from the manu facturers and sold it to the retailers. This method not proving satisfactory, the wholesale trade was farmed out to a class of persons who grew rapidly wealthy while the government received little. When in 1863 Alexander II. proposed to recall this privilege the farmers offer d $24,000,000 for it, thus showing how im mense had been their profits. This fact furnished an effective dr.niatic incident to the author of the “ Dunicheffs.” There are said to be 2447 distilleries in Russia. The manufacture and the trade in alcohol are free, hut the duty is nearly $3 per gal lon. But the country is cold, and Rus sians, noble and peasant alike, drink the strong liquor containing a high per cent, of baa alcohol as other people of other nations drink wine or beer. The tax on jdfohol in the United States is reserved to l lie general government by tlie eonstltu- j tion, which did not avail itself of this im portant resource till tlie breaking out of the war. In 1868 the tax produced $5,1611, 530. The following year it was raised to | $5 a gallon and the production increased sixfold. The tax, afier various -lianges, was in 1875 fixed at $2 22 a gallon (nearly) whore it has since remained. Montaiguo considered the Dutch as the drunkards par excellence of his epoch. They cer tainly drink hard, and they have not by any means yet lost the appetite for liquors containing u high per cent, of alcohol, of which they make a great variety and im mense quantity. The tax is now $48 per twenty-two gallons. In Germany it is $90 for the same quantity, in Austria $5.25, in Denmark $8, in Belgium $11,50, in Hpain $13.20, and in Italy $11. As a consequence of this low duty drinking shops abound in all the countries last mentioned, where liquors with a high per cunt, of alcohol, called rum, gin, cognac, aniset chartreuse, curaeoa, benediotine, and numerous others can he had at two or three cents a glass, and a small bottle for a nominal llguru. The consumption of alcohol in England in 1870 was 23,824,800 gallons, affording a revenue of $109,000,000, nearly. According ! to the statistics it had somewhat diminish ed in 1884. Tho consumption in Russia in the same year was 00,500,000 gallons, a sen sible falling off from that of 1875. The in come of the United .States was a little over I $30,000,000 in 1801, and in 1881 about $80,- 000,000. In France hi 1885 it reached near ly $30,000,090, while in Germany it lias never exceeded $12,200,000, the aggregate of tho tax in 1885. Italy lias never realized more than $2,400,000. It is a country in which the vice of drunkenness has liover attained serious proportions. .MIriti-iiloiiN Kariqie. W. W. Reed, druggist, of Winchester, link, writes: “One of my customers, Mrs. Louisa Pike, Bartonia, Randolph county, Iiicl., was a long sufi'erer with consump tion, und was given up to die liy her physi cians. She heard of Dr. King’s New Dis covery for consumption, and began buying it of me. In Hix months’ time slie walked to this city, a distance of six miles, and is now so much improved she has quit using it. She feels she owes her life to it.” Free Trial a bottle at Brannon & Car son’s drug Store. eod&w Hugs, Old anil Y«»nmr. Now cloth the rid folks hug the fire, Their shivering to smother, While safe within the parlor, snug, The young folks hug each other. —Washington Critic. *ffi€maGordml cum: h DYSPEPSIA, INDIGESTION, WEAKNESS, CHILL3 AND FEVERS, MALARIA, LIVER COMPLAINT, KIDNEY TROUBLES, NEURALGIA AND RHEUMATISM. JT io lnvlgorat- TT gives NEW # a r>- 1 LIFE to tho whole SYSTEM ing o:ui Ughi ul to take, and of great value as a Medicine for weak and Ailing Women and Chil dren. 1107 BROAD STREET, DEPOT FOR Shovel Plows, Watt's Cast and Chilled Plows, A CARD. To all who arc Buffering from tho errors and Indiscretions of youth, nervous weakness, oarly decay, loasof manhood, kc., I will send a recipe that will euro you, FREE OF CHARGE. This groat romody was discovered by a missionary in South Amor lea. Bond a solf-addressod onvolopo to tho Kiev. Joseph T. Inman, Station D, New York City. ne 11 eod&wlv tfols r m) Bradfields An infallible specific for all the diseases peculiar to women, ouch as painful or suppressed Menstruation, Fulling of the Womb, Leu- corrhcca or Whites, etc. Female 4'IIANUK OF LIFE. If t aken during this crit ical period, great suffering and danger cun be entirely Regulator Send for hook containing valuable information •*APPLIED TO THE BRUSH*- — WITH AN — IVORY (CMuMct) SPOON. Z ONWEINS s a now Dental ( ream. It* cleansing, refreshing and preservative properties, delicious flavoring and convenience of use, place it far in advaneo of nil previous preparations for the Teeth. Sold by nil Druggists Johnson A Johnson, Operatin' Chemists, vJ Cedar Street, New ITork T6® only perfect substitute for Mother’* milk. Invaluable la Cholera Infantum nnd Teeth Inge A pro-dige3ted food for Dys* peptics, Consumptives, Convalescents. Perfect nutrient in ail Wasting Diseases* Requires no cooking. Our Book, Tho Care and Feeding of It.."lints, mailed free. DO LIBER. GOODALB CO.. Boston. M»sa FOR SALE .amp county. Ga.. known as the Rogers or Pace luce, seven miles from Hamilton and four miles Yom Whitesville. Titles good. Terms cash. Hurr P 1 lr dec22 eodtd roofing Send forprlcei ■*" and illustrated catalogue or jjlNQiNMAp \Q‘.‘ CORRUGATING GO Minerals, is com posed of carefully selected Vegeta ble IVI edicines, combined skill fully, mnking u Safe nnd Pleasant Remedy. CAPITAL, - Slltl’l.ltt. . H 400. <><><) 100,000 Accounts of Hanks, Bankers and Corporations solicited. Our facilities for COLLECTIONS are excellent and we re discount for Banks when balances warrant it. Boston is a Reserve City, and balances with us from Banks (not located in other Reserve Cities) counted as a reserve. We draw our own Exchange on London and the Continent, and make Cable transfers nnd place money by telegraph throughout the United States and Canada. Government Bauds bought and sold, and Ex changes in Washington made for Banks without extra charge. We have a market for prime flrst-c'ass Invest ment Securities, and invite proposals from States, Counties and Cities when issuing Bonds. We do a general Banking business, and invite corree ponde nee. ANA I*. POTTER, President. JON. W. WORK, Cashier. oc30 wed&sat6m Business Property FOR SALE. The Muscogee Home Corner will bt sold at a rare bargain to a cash purchaser. No better location in the city for paying investment Will pay five per cent on price asked in its present un improved state. L. H. CHAPPELL, Broker. Real Estate and Insurance Agent, atr I CURE FITS! i tlino aud thou havo Beano of FITS, EPI- lifo Ions study. I tho worst cases. Because for not now receiving • edy. <11 vo Ex pros Dothing for a trial, aud I will euro yon. _ , Address Da. li. G. HOOT, 183 Pearl 8t.,NewTork* Or, J, W, CAMERON, Practicing Physician. IYISEASES of Infancy and Childhood a special * " ty. I)r. J. W Cameron can he found at Evans & Howard’s Drugstore. Otlice hours from 8 to 10 a m and from 2 to fip m. Residence No. 310 Tenth street, opposite the synagogue dec!4 lm N EW ENGLAND CONSERVATORY 0F MUSIC Boston, Mass. THE LARCESToi.il BEST EQUIPPED inth. WORLD —100Instructors.2005Student.last year. Thor. oi.rIi Instruction lit Vocal.nd Instrumental .Music. Piano and Organ Tuning. Fine Art*. Oratory, Literature, French, der ma u and Italian Languages, Kngiish Branches, Gymnastics, etc. Tuition, sm * S ’ 1 : hoard ami room with Steam Ur at and Electric 1 :hf. per t.-rm. Full Term begins Sep tember!', lyvi K >i l l iistii N'd Calendar, with lull Inforinahoa ddrc.-N. L TtHTUFF. l'ir., Franklin St,.. BOSTON. Ma* Y AND A . a .Tr.fdCS PAID *T A; ’ • sU*i.j which preferred • t * frt O M.-umimdureraSi .•.-•j; t., l mciuuati, O. ie!4 wlv T)TT I 8end six cents for postage and 1 IV1 f j Li, recceive free a costly ook of goods which will help all, of either sex, to mak more money right away tha^i anything else i this world. Fortunes await the workers abso utely sure. Terms mailed free. Tbuk & Co. Auirasta. Maine W! . .. - - needing profitable employ. I meuttoror resent us in every county. Salary [ $75montfily & expenses, or alarire commiss ion on sales if preferred. Goods staple^ BOYl WlJ >! Scovil Hoes, best brands of Axes, Trace Chains, Nails, Ivon. Shovels and Spades, Wagon and Buggy Timbers PROFESSIONAL CARDS. law vena. Ob Y. CRAWFORD, Attorn oy-ftt-Law, Office up t tairs over Wittich & Kinsel’s jewelry ■tore JOSEPH F. POU, tl . , Attorn ey-ftt-Lftw. Office up stairs over 1111 Broad street. 4NO. PEABODY. w. H. BRAN NOW. A Book, ‘Volina,’ by 1 e a d i n g icians, telling to treat dis eases at HOME, mailed, together with a sfetoi hand some cards by new Heliotype process, c:i receipt of io c. 8b»i*M tho dual pi Volina Drug ar.d Chemical Company, ll.tl.Tl'illlti:, 511'., s. OH CONSIGNMENT ?00 Boxes Oranges! Choice, bright St. John’s ltiver Oranges. No rusty or sour oranges in tills lot. PRICE $3.50 PER BOX. Iu 15 to 50 box lots will make special prices. 2<) Jib/s Fine Northern Apples. All the above goods now in store and can fill orders promptly. J. J. WOOD, Next above Central Hotel. eod ti Maverick National Bank, BOSTON, MASS. Imported Cntilery, American Cuttlery, Razors, Scissors, Carvers, CHARLTON BATTLE. yEABODY, BRANNON A BATTLE, j * Attorneys ftt-Luw. • n r> . \t r l.;i.. Intil i Office second floor Burras building, coni' Strictly Pure While Lean. | Broad an d Twelfth streets. Linseed Oils. Varnish. Spirits Turpentine, w 5 'HOMA8 \V. GRIMES, Attomey-at-Law- Office up stairs over Robert Carter’s drag store. M. A. LITTLE, Attorney at-Law. Olfiee over R. S. Crane, corner Broad and Tivelllli streets. Shot. Shells. U'uris, (Ops. Carpenters Supplies nml General | gr , GS bv e Thomas,,,r. guigsby b. chandler. Hardware. \ '|' H0MAS & chandler, Attorneys-ut-Law. Mlt. A. it. WILKERSON is with us, and trill be pleased to meet bis friends and j o(fii?e nn stairs over C R. Hocbstrasser’* store, former patrons. I AS. M. LENNAR D, Attorney-at-Law. Office back room over 0. J. Edge’s shoe store. decl9 d im $50 REWARD. We will pay liie above mvurtl I’nr any case of Rheumatism, lfiooil I’oison or kiiincv 11,1. u WILLI8 > Disease tiiat '/fUNNJCUTTS lillli UMA TIC CERE fails lO |j Attorney at Law cure permanently if taken accortiing to tlirertious. Wo mean just wlwl we say. This won- office over crane’s comer. Vrliil Tonic- ami lllunil Purifier is fur sale liy all first class Druggists. J. M. HUNNICUTT & CO., Atlanta, Ga — )vIiY^yVJSE®P3r!J , Office corner below Swift’s warehouse. AS. G. MOON, Attorney-at-Law and Real Estate Agent. EEO S-HI I HOSE I IN ORDER TO REDUC1J OUR STOCK OF RUBBER HOSE, U WILL OFFER SPECIAL BARGAINS FOR THE NIST WEEK. We have the bent and cheapest Hose in the market. A full line of Hose Reels aud Nozzles. GEORGIA STEAM AM GAS PIPE C Telephone 99. 13 Twelfth Street. Tlie Brown Ootton Gin. NEW LONDON, CONN. Manufacturers of the “Old Reliable” Brown Cotton Gins, Feeders and Con densers. All the very latest improvements: im proved roll box, patent wliipper, two brush belts, extra strong brush, cast steel bearing, improved Feeder, enlarged, dust prof ’ondenser. /a. i. .-eng, simple ..distraction, durable Tr%i n fight, cleans the seed per IBgjfect., nnd produces first class samples. “* DELIVERED FREE OF FREIGHT at any ncccssiblc point. Mend for full description and price list. COLUMBUS IRON WORKS, Agents, Columbus. Ga. BARGAINS! Remember the Great Bargain Sale continues at our store. The stock must post lively he closed out even at a great sacri fice. We have space to give prices only on few lines. We shall offer to-morrow our entire stock of Dress Goods At a fearful loss. In this line it will pay y.ou to inspect: 1000 Yards Remnants Canton Flannel at 4£c. 2000 Yards Remnants 4-4 Bleached Cotton at 5c. 2000 Yards Remnants Good Calico at 3c. 1000 Yards beautiful Curtain Scrim at 12k:, worth 20c. Flan nels! Blankets Flan nels! Blankets! Hosiery, Corsets, Trunks and Bags, Hosiery, Corsets, Trunks and Bags, Hosiery. Corsets. Trunks and Bags. WRAPS! WRAPS! Only few Wraps lefl—some very fine ones. In this line we don't refuse any reasonable offer. MILLHsTEPvTI Many desirable goods left in this department. A ny one wishing to engage in the Dry Goods business can rent the store and buy the stock on favorable terms. JAMES A. LEWIS, 1012 'IBfROTlkD STREET, Two doors above Rankin House, - - Columbus, Ga. JAMES M. RUSSELL, Attorney-at*Law. Practices in the stato and federal courts of Georgia and Alabama. Office over 1247 Broad St. S. B. HATCHER. *• D* PEABODY | J ATCHER & PEABODY, Attorneys-at-Law. Office up stairs over 1119 Broad street. yy A. TIGNER, Attorney-at- Law. Office on second floor of Garrard building. U P. GILBERT, Attomey-at-Law. Prompt attention given to all business. Offio* over R. S. Crane. yf B. SLADE, Att orney-atrLaw. Office on second floor of Georgia Home build- big. yjyr alonzo carter, Attorney-at-Law. Office up stairs over R. S. Crane. | OUIS F. GARRARD, Attorney-at-Law, I’HYKKlAm Q L. WILLIAMS. Practicing Physician. Office over Evans & Howard’s Drug Store. Residence No. 1019 Third avenue, between Tenth and Eleventh strests. dec29 3m MMHOS. S. MITCHELL, Practicing Physician and Surgeon. Office at Hall & Wheat’s drug store. Telephone No. 5. Residence on Rose Hill. Telephone No. 110. dec7 3m 4 C. TICKNOR, Practicing Physician. Office at Robert Carter’s drug store. J E. GILLESPIE, Practicing Physician. Offic at Robert Carter’s drug store. W. W. BRUCE. BERT BBRUOOB W. BRUCE & SON, Practicing Physicians. Office up stairs over Frazer & Dozier’s hard ware store. TNO. J. MASON, Practicing Physician. Office at City Drug Store. D. HURT, Practicing Physician. Office up stairs over Brannon & Carson’s drug store. rp W. BATTLE, Practicing Physician. Officce over Brannon & Carson. Residence 727 Broad street. E. GRIGGS, Practicing Physician. DENTISTS. yy F. TIGNER, Dentist. Office up stairs over Glass Bros’ drug store, Twefth street. Q EO. W. McELHANEY, Dentist. Office up stairs over Wittich & Kinsel’s, In Garrard building. ^yM. J. FOGLE, Dentist. Office over Rothschild Bros., 1247 Broad street. OPIUM ana Whiskey Ilab* its cured at home with-