Newspaper Page Text
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ENQUIRER - SUN: COLUMBUS. GEORGIA, SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1890.
SCOTTISH CROFTERS,'
■AW INTERESTING DESBCIPTION OF HOW
THEY LIVE, THEIB CUSTOMS
AND HABITS.
[Copyrighted for the Enquit er-Sun.]
Thubso, Scotland, October 31, 1890.—
To the average American the “crofter'
has always been a dim legend of the Isles
and Highlands of Scotland. Though the
‘crofter question” has for over half a cen
tury been the “Irish question” of Scot
land, and has had much to do in effecting
certain important land reforms in the
kingdom, the “woes of poor Donald,’
though as sad and hopeless as those of the
Irish peasant, have agitated Scotland ex
clusively rather than America largely, as
in the latter case. Their remoteness have
kept them from our universal ken, and to
that degree that, while people of Scotch
descent in the United States and Canada
have been keenly alive to measures for the
crofter’s relief, there are many ordinarily
well-informed Americans quite unable to
tell you the real difference between a croft
and a loft, or a crofter and a claymore.
THE SCOTCH CEOFTEBS.
Jamieson in his “Scottish Dictionary”
defines croft-land as, “land of superior
quality, which was still cropped.”
Chambers’ Encyclopaedia, remarkable like
most encyclopaedias for deepening igno
rance and intensifying longing for exact
information, says “a croft s a piece o^and
connected with a humble kind of dwelling,
whose inhabitant, the renter of the land,
is called a “crofter.” Lord Colin Camp
bell asserts that the term “crofter” was
unknown in the seventeenth century, al
though in old tacks and leases of that
period the word “croft” is oftcommon oc-
currence.He further states that in the tack
or temporary holding, given by Sir John
Campbell of Glenurchy to a “weil belouit”
servant, in 1530, besides the four mark-
land • of Kincrakin, there were the
“croft of Polgreyich and the croft that
Ewin McEwjn was wont to have.” In
the twelfth century English charters in
Latin, the word is often used. In fact it
is an Anglo-Saxon word meaning simply
“a field.” At the end of the eighteenth
century the tenants of the smallest Scotch
divisions of land, in distinction from ten
ants holding from five to one hundted
acres and upwards, were first called croft
ers; that is acre men or crofters. In
those days the crofters had the same rela
tion to Highland tenants of the important
class who cultivated something like farms,
as the cotters of the present day do the
Irish and English small farmers, \ and the
still smaller farmer, or crofter, of the
Highlands; and the Scottish crofter of to
day is simply that surviving relic of the
ancient Highlander, who, despite all ef
forts of the owner of great northern and
western Highland estates to extirpate him,
absolutely starves along where the bones
of his ancestors lie, on one-hundredth as
much land as, on the average, is devoted
to the rearing and killing of one red deer.
The evolution of the woe-be-gone crofttr
of today from the olden
MATCHLESSLY BEAVE HIGHLAND WAB-
KIOR
of the north and west is briefly as follows:
He was long ago an integral portion of the
clan svstem. “Clan” is a Gaelic word
meaning “child.” The clansman was in
the highest sense the child of his chief.
The cian system is the family system on a
larger scale. All clansmen were brethren
in a common family and institutional pre
ference for the purpose of recognized
heads and authority could not abolish
equality in every other respect and partic
ular. The absolute loyalty to the chief to
the limit of freely giving life in defense or
aggression, was tribute of fealty to family
and tribal relations, rather than to the ab
solutism of individual authority. Each
clansman had absolute and undeniable
share in the territory occupied by the en
tire clan. If he paid tribute to the head
of the clan, it could never have been in
the form of rent to an individual owner,
for temporary occupancy. It was practi
cally a self-imposed and freely bestowed
taxation for public purposes, common of
fense or defense, common betterment, the
common good. Under this system
THE RESULT WAS AGRICULTURAL COM
PETENCY,
pastoral simplicity and pleasure, and sur
passing military valor and virtues. The
clansmen wove their own cloth, forged
their own tools and weapons, tilled their
own soil, fed and grazed their own sheep
and cattle, and possessessed inalienable
Tights to their own homes and the soil
necessary to sustain them. He perforce
possessed habits of hardihood; his healthy
life of the mountaineer made him strong
and brave; the necessities of limitations
gave him shrewd craft in all exigencies;
doing everything with his own hands he
became perfected in expedients rather than
the dwarfed, one-sided man resultant
from latter-day infinite division of labor;
and thus when his sad day of expatriation
came, these Scottish Highlanders gave to
the United States, to Canada and to Aus
tralia the most grandly self-sustaining col
onists they ever knew. Indeed his many
splendid characteristics proved his own
ruin in Scotland.
No men living, barring, perhaps, his no
less unfortunate brethren, the Irish Celts,
ever displayed such consummate love of
home environment, kindred, and chief.
His bens, lochs, straths and glens provided
an all-consuming nature-worship; his an
cestry and the traditions of his lineage
became his exultantly-sung epics; his chief
and the deeds of his clan were adored
with al nost the passion of idolatry. His
devotion to the Stuarts, from Cromwell’s
time to “Bonnie Prince Charlie,” was
SUBLIME IN ITS DESPEBATE LOYALTY,
and furnish some of the most thrilling
pages in history. But being too far from
Edinburgh, London and Paris to “know
the political time of day,” he always
fought for a lost cause. Naturally little
mercy was shown him or his more danger
ous chiefs. You can today still seethe
-tremendous walls of Fort William, Fort
Augustus, Fort George and King’s House,
the trans-Grampian furies established af
ter the first rebellion of 171-5, to awe him
into submission, their English names
breaking his spirit greater than the men
and armament they housed. Then, after
Culloden when all his hopes were blasted
in the utt«’ iuin of the House of Stuart,
came the Disarming Act, depriving him of
the right to bear arms, essential in his
eyes to manhood; and immediately on
the heels of this followed that most be-
meaning of all Highland humiliations, the
interdict against his beloved kilt and tar
tan, which for years made him skulk and
hide in his mountain home a pitiful object
of contumely and disgrace.
THE DOWNFALL OF THE STUARTS
caused a complete disruption of the clan
system. Then followed the abolition of
heritable jurisdiction. The power of the
chiefs, good oy-Jj^ .'“'<svas transferred to
lawyer adventurers sent' into the north
from Glasgow and Edinburgh. The
Highlanders began to loathe their
own country and the chiefs lost all inter-
terest in the welfare of their people. Im
portant emigration resulted, lessening
products and revenues. Many great clan
territories changed hands. New landlords
or dispirited and bankrupt former chiefs
began to look upon the Highland peasant
ry simply as chattels to be bought and
sold as mere slaves. Then in the latter
part of the last and ike first
part of the present century, as the
proprietors of estates abandoned all mercy
to a people with, inherent rights in the
soil from which they sprang, and taking
refuge under the absolutism vested in the
powers granted under the old Scottish
feudal laws, which,by successive encroach
ments, had transformed the original au
thority of suzerain into absolute private
ownership, came the barbarous “clear
ances” or forcible evictions of Glen Des
sary, Clan Rengrald and Glen Garry.
Following this, and continuing from 1807
to 1829, were perpetrated the atrocious
Sutherland Clearances. The most of the
entire shire of Sutherland then belonged
and still belongs to the noble house of
Sutherland and Stafford, related by inter
marriage. The then living representatives
of these these noble families conceived
the idea that
SHEEP WERE MORE PROFITABLE THAN
HIGHLANDERS.
That was before British sportsmen let the
Highland landlords know that deer and
grouse could be made more profitable than
either. But in the period named practi
cally the entire shire, one of the largest in
Scotland, and comprising an area of nearly
2,000,000 acres, was depopulated. The
helpless mountaineers, were driven from
their own homes, and these leveled to the
ground by fire. Hundreds perished from
fright, exposure and brutal treatment.
Those who had the means of fight, or
whose friends in Canada or the States
could furnish them the same, emigrated
to Ameriea. The remainder were huddled
in vile cabins along the sea-shore, and
forced to escape actual starvation by gath
ering kelp and mussels, this poor shift, be
ing finally denied them, or in braving the
dangers of the sea in fishing, a mode of
life to which they were as much a stran
ger as your own tenderly cared-for-child.
There is not to be found in all history a
more scandalous page ot ingenious and
supreme human cruelty. And yet it was
set down by economic writers of the time
as a great benefit to society at large as it
cost the noble houses of Sutherland Staf
ford over $1,000,000, and in the unbiassed
history of Scottish and English gazeteers
and encyclopaedias as a “notable improve
ment” of the Highlands.
The same kind of “improvements” in-
termittantly remained in vogue, though on
a lesser scale, under sanction of these
old Scottish land laws up to a very recent
date, in Bauff, Elgin, Nairn, Inverness,
Caithness, Ross and Argyll shirt s and in
the Hebrides. If a landlord wished to
transform his great holdings into sheep
walks or game preserves, it was soon bruit
ed about that the district was “congested.”
out of the crofter, in cold blood, actually
calculated upon a certain percentage of ar
rears piling np against this terrified crofter
so that all slavish commands were quickly
assented to and additional
BURDENS WERE IMPOSED WITHOUT PRO
TEST.
Outrages under this form of duress were
countless. But under the Crofter’s Act
the crofter is absolutely independent of
proprietor or factor, as long as he pays the
“fair rent” fixed by commission. He may
vote as he pieces, pays his rent with his
hat on, his children may remain at home,
or even marry, without the proprietor’s
written consent, and, marvel of land-law
progress' he may worship at the Estab
lished, the Free, or at a Catholic church,
without the vengeance of a bigot mafter
overtaking him.
All this, in degree, is hopeful and good.
But I fear help has come to the crofters
too late. They possess many of the no
blest characteristics of the noble Scotch
race. Their home-life, of which I shall
speak in the next article, and their social
betterment, barely possible under new al
though wholly inadequate conditions
would seem to give no good gronnd for
encouragement. There are too few of
them. Those who remain are
HUDDLED BY PROPRIETORS INTO CROFTER
SETTLEMENTS.
and there restricted from the full develop
ment of their kindly instincts and admira
ble energies by miserably insufficient areas
of land. In brief, the landlord class prac
tically extirpated the crofter class before
they would permit the enactment of laws
to protect the latter. It was like a specific
law against specific murder af
ter the killing had been com
mitted. Over five-sixths of the entire
area of the northern and western Scpttish
Highlands are now in sheep-walks
game preserves and principally
the latter. I can take you across
Scotland through the shires of In
verness and Ross from Beauly to Strome,
and you may climb every mountain peak
between, without your being able to count
two-score crofter tillers of the soil. A
land has become desolate indeed when its
roads and by-paths are transformed into
paths for deer and courses for hounds, and
the blackened walls of once happy homes
into lairs for foxes and wolves.
Edgar L. Wakeman.
THEN CROFTERS WERE CLEARED OUT EN
TIRELY,
or summarily removed to wretched patches
of uncultivated land, to begin anew a life
of starvation under increased penalties of
rental burdens and environment. Aside
from these heartless cm 1 i?s it seems as
though the most devilsh ingenuities in ex
tortions and humiliations were also im
posed. After the new croft was improved
at the termination of the usual nineteen-
year lease, additional rental was demanded.
If not paid the croft was rack-rented, or
leased to a new tenant. The terrified
crofter, rathe* than become homeless, at
tempted the new burden, struggled along
under increasing arrears, and was finally
evicted, securing no compensation what
ever for his improvements. If he. entered
the presence of the factor or agent with
his hat on, his hands in his pockets, or
left the door open, he was fined. The
rent of every tenant on an estate has had
his rent raised because the first tenant
calling with his money was a few moments
late. Sons on attaining their majority
could only remain upon the estate on the
written consent of the proprietor. Croft
ers were liable to prosecution for using
any road or foot-path not prescribed by_
the proprietor. An entire page of this
paper might be filled with a truthful re
count of similar tyranies and grievances.
But organized agitation in behalf of the
crofter, similar to that adopted by i the
Land League for Ireland, at last secured
the concession of a Royal Commission of
in quiry into the condition of the High
lands. Although from the fear of repri
sals from landlords and factors, not one
half the wrongs of these people were
made known, a condition of things was
brought to light which
SHOCKED THE COUNTRY.
It must also be borne in mind that the
constitution of that commission was es
sentially conservative. But these disclo
sures had a salutary effect. In 1886 Par
liament passed what is popularly known
as “The Crofter’s Act.” This fixes by a
royal commission whose members travel
from point to point, receiving evidence
and making adjucations, what are called
“fair rents,” to which both proprietor and
crofter tenant are bound, in all cases of
crofters paying an annual rental (ft £30
or less. The Commission also has power
to deal with arrears.
The terrible odds against which these
helpless people for more than a century
fought for mere existence is clearly shown
by the outcome of the annual proceedings
of this Crofter’s Commission. In July
of the present year on the estate of Keiss,
near Wick, the crofters secured an aver
age reduction of 34 per cent.; while 76
per cent, of theft arrears were canceled.
In the Island of Stroma, lying in the
Pentland Firth, opposite John o’ Oroat’s
house, the same reduction and cancella
tion were made. On one estate in Caith
ness rent reduction* have been as great as
50 per cent., while 90 per cent, of arrears
have been canceled. Perhaps one half of
the entire territory of the northern and
western Highlands has been already adju
dicated upon by the commission. On an
average “fair rents” have been estab
lished at a reduction of 40 per cent.
THE INFAMOUS INIQUITY
and injustice of former years have been
illustrated and partialally atoned for by
the commission, in an absolute cancella
tion of more than one fourth of existing
arrears, and a reduction or cancellation of
fully 75 per cent, of the remainder. A
far greater good has also been accom
plished. Under the Crofter’s Act, “Poor
Donald” is today a free man.
Under the old conditions he could never
pay his rent. “It was not expected he
would,” a factor confided to me. “He
was more manageable when you could
hint of a notice and removal.” In other
words, landlords, while certainly rapacious
for the last farthing that could be pinched
Macbeth's “ pearl top ” and
u pearl glass ” lamp-chimneys
are made of tough glass that
costs four times as much as
common glass; and the work
on them costs a good deal
more than the work on com
mon chimneys, just as the
work on a dress is propor-,
tioned to cost of stuff.
The dealer is right in saying
he can’t afford to sell them at
the prices of common glass
chimneya..
And wnat will become of
his chimney trade if his chim
neys never break ? He is apt
to be wrong there. He can
afford to charge a fair price
and give new chimneys for all
that break in use.
Have a talk with him.
Pittsburg. Geo. a. Macbeth & Co.
MERCHANTS NEEDING SHOES
Of any kind will save money by sending us their orders.
We have in store a very large stock of all kinds and sizes.
•' Our prices are under today’s market.
Special inducements in
CHILDREN’S SHOES.
Visiting Merchants cordially invited to call and see us.
J-_ IEC. OBB Sc CD CD -
SHOE MANUFACTURERS.
C. M. KINSEL,
(Successor to Wittich & Kinsel),
GEORGIA MIDLAND 4 GELFR.R
THE SHORT iLI.Nfc
ATLANTA, WASHINGTON
NEW YORK, NASHViU =
AND CINCINNATI. “
Through Coach Between
Atlanta and Columbia
Via Griffin.
and well selected
Will sell at New York prices my new
stock o
Diamonds. Watches,
Silverware and Spectacles.
I GUARANTEE
BELIABLE GOODS, BOTTOM PRICES
AND FAIR DE ALINGS.
Inspector of watches for Central Railroad of Georgia
■■CORNER BROAD and TWELFTH STREETS.
The only line running DOUBLE DAILY —a -
^between Columbus and Atlanta, making e ,T.' 5
connections in Union Depot, Atlanta. " *
SCHEDULE IN EFFECTJSCNDAY, si;p-»
7th, 1890.
NORTH BOUND—Daily
•' No. 5L >T~U
Leave Columbus | 1 00 p m 5,
. T , | Arrive Warm Springs 2 32pm !
Clocks, Jewelry, I Arrive at Concord 3 07 p :.
7 • 7 • Arrive Griffin : 3 50 p m -
Leave Griffin, Central R. R.... 4 00 p m
Arrive Atlanta 1 5 40pm 10;
Leave Griffin, G.M. & G. R.R.
Ar. McDonough. G. M. & G... 1
At. Atlanta, E. T., V.& G I
9 1;
south bound—Daily.
NOTICE EXPOSITION VISITORS
AND OTHER TRAVELERS.
Before leaving the city call at 14 Eleventh street and get an,
Acctdent Ticket.
No. 50.
Leave Atlanta via C. R. R
Arrive Griffin, C. R. R
7 00 a m
8 30 a m
Lv. Atlanta via E. T., V & G...
Lv. McDonough viaG.M.&G.
Ar. Griffin via G. M. & G
5 45 a m
7 40 am
8 20 a m
8 35 am
9 57 a m
1130 am
Arrive Warm Springs
Arrive Columbus
iThrough coach between Columbus and
via Griffin on trains Nos. 51 and 52.
215 pa
4 15 p a
5 35 p a
< 10 po
$5,COO 1 day 25 esnts.
85 000 2 days 50 cents.
$5,COO 5 days $1.
85,000 15 days 82.
85,000 30 days 83.
85,000 one year S10.
In event of death you get 85,000.
In event of loss of* eyes you get 85,009.
In event of loss of hands you get 85,000.
In event of loss of feet you get 85,000.
In event of loss of one foot yon get 82,500.
825 a week during disability.!
RADAM’S
JIIICROBE
KILLER.
I refer to the following; gentlemen, to whom I
have paid losses:
Maj. W. S. Green, civil engineer, thorn in foot.
Mr, Robt. W. Ledsinger, broken collar bone.
Mr. E. F. Colzey, riding in tournament.
Mr. W. E. DuBose, throat cut by passenger.
stops at Concord 20 minutes for supper.
Ask for tickets to Atlanta and all points bevaci
over the Georgia Midland Railroad. Tickets -n
sale at Union depot and at the office ve: :
National Bank. M. E. GRAY.
Superi: te niest.
CLIFTON JONES, General Passeng, r Ag-tt, '
W. M. PARSLEY. General Traveling Agent.
SAM BUUTl
Savannah, Americns and Miintgomeu Eailwir
Time Card Taking Effect October 12,1890.
No. 6 Dailyj
Eastward.
Fire Insurance on all kinds of property in strong compa-1
nies at lowest rates. JOHN BLACKMAR,
Insurance Agent. No. 14 Eleventh Street.
*0.5 Daily
Westward,
11:35 p m Lv.Biruiingham,Ala. Ar
5:45 a m Ar. Columbus, Ga. Lv
6:00 a m Lv. Columbus, Ga. Ar
9:00 a m |Ar. Americas, Ga. Lv.
9:15 a m [Lv. Americus. Ga Ar.
10:45 a m 'Ar, - Cordete, Ga - '
FRAZER & DOZIER,
Wholesale Hardware,
S.A.&M.dep
10:45 a m jLv. Cordele, Ga.
1:17 p m iLv. Helena, Ga.
3:15 p m jAr. Lyons, Ga.
3:35 p m Lv. Lyons. Ga.
7:00 p m iAr. Savannah, Ga. Lv.
6:00 a m
10:50 p m
9:30 p 1-
6:40 p m
6:20 p tc
4:56 p m
Ar. 4:56 p m
^■ r -| 2:17 p ci
-Lv.| 12:iU p in
Ar. 11:59 a al
8:30 a m
Lv.
nof3dlv
OOLTTIMIBTT c
Real Estate for Sale.
The Greatest Discovery
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OLD IN THEORY, BUT THE REMEDY
RECENTLY DISCOVERED.
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CATARRH, CONSUMPTION, ASTHMA, HAY FEVER..
BRONCHITIS, RHEUMATISM, DYSPEPSIA,
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CALL ON OR ADDRE88
W. Wakefield, sole agent fori Columbus, Ga.,
No. 8 Twelfth street
82.350. A new 5-room houses on Broad street, be
tween Fifth and Sixth streets,.lot 37 by 140
feet.
82,200. A new 5-room house on Broad street.next
to corner of Fifth street, lot 37 by 140 feet.
8600. Vacant lots on lower Fourth avenue, be
tween Fourth and Fifth streets, 40 by 147 feet.
8700. Lots with 2-room houses on Third avenue,
between Fourth and Fifth streets, 40 by 147
feet.
81.350. *4 acre lot on Fonrth avenue, between
Sixth and Seventh streets, west side.
A lot on Tenth street, 25 feet front, east of
Hirsch’s warehouse.
8500. Lots on East Highlands.
8600. Lots on East Highlands.
*350. Lots in the north annex, 50 by 120 feet.
FI, 110. A very desirable corner lot on Rose Hill.
•1.1 10. A very desirable lot near Rose Hill park.
5j,jX). A well improved lot, corner Tenth ave
nue, on Thirteenth street, will pay 10 per
cent net.
8500. Lots with 2-room houses on installments in
the annex, near Eigteenth street.
Farms for Sate.
84,500. 335 acres, four miles east of Columbus
two-tliirds bottom land.
81,706. 160 acres, two miles from Columbus, in
Alabama with dwelling.
81,350. 160 acres, two miles from Columbus, in
Alabama, a fine dairy farm.
Fine farming lands, two and a half miles south
east of the city, in lots to suit the purchaser,
830 per acre.
W. S. GREEN,
Real Estate Agt.
Telephone 268.
The oulyline running solid trains and Fulham
Buffet Sleeping Cars bet veen Savannah and
Birmingham. Connections at Birmingham, Sa
vannah and Columbus with lines diverging Si
Americus with Central railroad; at Cordele°with
G. S. & F. railroad; at Helena with E. T.. V. &
G. railway; at Lyons with Central radroad.’
-Meal Station. No. 6 takes breakfast at
ville.
W. N. MARSHALL, E. S. GOODMAN
Gen. Superintendent. Gen. Pass A^ef
J. M. CAROLAN. S. E. Pass. Agt..
Savannah.Ga. E. A. SMITH
Western Pass. Agt., St. Louis 'xc
p The Columbus Soutiie
a/Aume wopw mafs/savropeane
K HAlifES GOLDEN SPECIFIC.
ro
RAILWAY C(>.
1 HilTlH fflFF RAT
tamtV’that t tStiSSSEZ 111L LUill 1AUU U LULfi IftULIF.
51 ?a g 8 e W ^k h o?pS^s^ atJOn “ '
FOR SALE BY
Patterson Ak Thomas. Columbus
Stop tliat
Chronic Cough Nowi,
j For If you do not It may become cor* j
» su motive. For Consumption, Scrofflti, \
j General-Debility and H asting D,
j there Is nothing like
1SCOTTS
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HYPOPHOSPHITES
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i Scott’s Emulsion
I There are poor imitations. Get the genuine.!
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foe
Infants and Children.
An instant relief for colic ot infants. It enrel
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of teething children safe and easy, and invigorates
the system by its tonic influence. Try it for
coughs and colds, nervous debility and sick head
ache. Recommended and used largely by phy
sicians and sold by druggists.
WHOLESALE BY
Brannon & Carson, and Patter
son & Thomas,
COLUMBUS, GA
/
REAL ESTATE
FOR SALE,
Cures in _
n To5DAYS. 1
f Gcarantefd 1
c»u*e Stricture.
m istfid acknowledged
leading remedy for all the
unnatural discharges and
private diseases of men. A
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I presen be it and feel safe
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Mf'donlrbr
l The Evans ChevtmCt
. CINCINNATI,O.nS a'l sufferers.
c. a. *. Jra a. J. STONER, V 0., Decatur, III
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Plumy gi.ua.
XT THE BEST KNOWN REMEDY.
Cures Gonorhcea and
<3
c
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Is prescribed by physicians and
recomendeil by druggists. Price #1.
Sold by druggists. Beware of Sub-
stitutes.Acme Chem.Co.Ltil-.N.O.La
82.000 to 83.C00.—Corner lots on Second avenue,
near North Highlands
811,003.—Large dwelling and farm near Belle-
wood, on Hamilton road.
Beautiful vacant plat ef land on Hamilton
avene, Rose Hill.
S4,500.—Twenty acres and dwelling on Rose Hill,
west of Columbus.
8125.—Vacant lots inBellwood.
812.000. —Elegant home on Rose Hill.
82.350.—New home south Bioa 1 street.
8400 to 8600.—First-class building lots in East
Highlands and Wynnton.
Desirable property near Georgia Midland
railroad depot.
New homes near Fifth street, south end
of Secondjavenue.
Plantations in Alabama.
Residences on Second, Third and Fourth
avenuet.
Cheap vacant lots in city.
HOUSES FOR RENT.
810.00. —New houses on Rose Hill.
812.50.—House corner Sixth street and Fifth ave.
nue.
840.00. —Store in Webster building.
820.00. —Store near Swift’s factory.
812.00 to S15.00 —Houses in and around city.
APPLY TO
MUON # HARRIS 5 ,
REAL ESTATE AGENTS.
Telephone No. 260. Office No. 17 Twelfth street,
opposite poet office.
Through daily train and quick time be
tween Albany and Griffin. Immediate
connection at Griffin for Atlanta, New
York, Washington, Cincinnati, Louisville
and Nashville, and close connection at
Albany for all points in Florida and South
ern Georgia.
NORTH BOUND.
I Leave Albany 7 30 a. m.! 1 50 p. m. 3 00 p. ns.
ArriveColumbus.il 15 a. m.j 9 50 p. ni. 7 00 p. m,
SOUTH BOUND.
Leave Columbus...7 40 p. m.; 9 30 a. m 8 03a. m
Arrive Albany....11 25 p.m.! 6 40 p. m|12 00a. m
Daily, t Daily except Sunday, j Sunday
only.
Through tickets to all points on sale by aee-r:
and at General Passenger office, Georgia Hon,-,
building,
Samuel F. Pakrott,
W. D. Browx, General Manager,
General Passenger Agent.
Western Railway of Ala
bama.
Quickest and best. Three hundred miles sooner
to New Fork than via Louisville. Close connec
tion with Piedmont Air Line and Western and
Atlantic Railroad.
August 24,1890. 1 No. 55. | No. 53. No. 51.
Leave New Orleans.
Leave Mobile
Leave Selma
Leave Montgomery..
Leave Chehaw
Arrive Columbus....
Leave Columbus
Leave Opelika
Arrive West Point..
Arrive LaGrange.
3 15 pm SCJUpm
750pm 12 40am
4 30pms 5 40am
...| 115am! 7 45 a ta
2 28 a m 9 06 a m
415am 1115 a m
11 40 a m: 10 50 p m, 10 501 m
1 15 p m | 323am ; 10 05sa
2 03pm 400aml0 53am
236pm ; 4 25am II 151
COLUMBUS
For tale.
$209**- Columbus Female College bonds.
50 shares Merchants and Mechanics Bank stock.
$10,000.—City of West End, G*., (near Atlanta)
5 per cent bonds, due-910, at —. Population of
West Erd ^bout 10.000. Value of real estate as
sessed for taxation ,200,000. City debt §57,000.
The city, as a corporation, owns real estate to
the extent of §10,000.
JOHN BL’fKMAR,
SL ck and Bond Broker,
Columbus, Ga.
WORKS.
Wholesale Manufacturers ot—■ ...
CARRIAGES, BUGGIES, ETC.
KW Special attention given to Repair Work.
B. BOONES k CO., Proprietors,
Temperance Hall.
Columbus. Ga.
Telephone 274,
CENTRAL, PEOPLE’S
—AND—
Columbus & ttuif Navigation
LIMES O/F
S TEAMEBS
Columbus, Ga.J September 5.1890.1k
On and after September.5, 7 18SO. tie local rattl
of freight on the Chattahoochee. Flint and Apa
lachicola rivers will be as fallows:
Flour, per barrel j. 8 21
Cotton Seed Meal, per tom 1 2t
Cotton, per bale J 5t
Guano, per ton / 1 2C
Other freight in proporti oh.
Passage from Columbuj. to Apalachicola, 884X1
Cither points in proportion..}
SCHEI&ULR.
Steamers leave Columbus as follows: *
Steamer Fanny Feapn Tuesdays at 8 ». m
Steamer Naiad Thursdays at 8 a. m.
Steamer Milton H. Sniith Saturdays at 8 a. n.B
Above schedule will he run, river, etc,, permit!
ting. Schedule subject to change without notice.
Boat reserves the right of not landing at ary
point when considered, dangerous by the pilot.
Boat will not stop jat any point not named U
list of landings furnished shippers under date oi
December 15, 1889.
Our responsibility for freight ceases after it bai
been discharged at a landing where no person 1*
there to receive it.
„ , GEO. B. WHITESIDE,
Sec y and Treas. Central Line of Boats
W. R. MOORE,
Agent People’s Line
„ _ 1. JOSEPH.
President Columbus and Gulf Navigation Oo,
ArriveNewnan 3 46 pm' 5 24 a m 12 11 pm
Arrive Atlanta ! 5 25 pm| 650am! 133pm
Via W. and A. Railroad.
Leave Atlanta 7 50am 6 18 pm
Arrive Rome 11 35 a m
Arrive Dalton ill 40 a m 10 15pm
Arrive Chattanooga ; 100pm 1140pm
Arrive Cincinnati j 640am 3 50pm
Arrive_Nashville ...| 7 06pm: 5 15;>m
Via the Piedmont Air Line to New York andEiji
Leave Atlanta 7 io a m" 6 "uu p m
Arrive Charlotte i 530pm 3 40 am
Arrive Richmond 5 15am 3 30pm
Arrive Washington j 6 53 a m 7 13pm
Arrive Baltimore i 825aml!35pm
Arrive Philadelphia 10 47 a m 3 OO a m
Arrive New York [ 1 20 pm! 6 20 ajs
Train No. 51, Pullman Palace car New ur.eatk
to Atlanta and Atlanta to New York witootl
| change.
Train No. 50 carries Pullman Buffet Sleep,tg
| car between Atlanta and New Orleans.
Trains Nos. 52 and 53 carry Pullman Bndet
Sleeping car between New Orleans and Washm; -
ton.
South Bound Trains.| No. 54. i No. 50. »> L-
| Leave Atlanta
, 7 30am
J Arrive Columbus
1158am
| Leave Columbus
1 Arrive Opelika
1 Arrive Chehaw
I Arrive Montgomery. 1
1 Arrive Selma
] Arrive Mobil3
| Arrive New Orleans. |
3 40 p in 10 50 p m
5 14 p m 12 2 am
6 07pm 1 2 28am
7 25pm! 3 45 am
9 20pm 5 3i, am
210am 8 le am
R. E. LUTZ.
Traffic Manager.
EDMUND L. TYLER.
General Manager.
. CAMP, Passenger Agent,
C*tv Drug Store Columbus Ga
FOR HEM ONLY!
HiimirlW F °r LOST or FAILING KANEOOD;
■ ■ I * I * LuHHO* rinvia-o 1 nvJ W O YTfi TT C Tl UTiTv Vvia*
|For LOST or FAILING !
ineral and NERVOUS DEB1
Mkaess of Body and Knd, Effects
in Old or Young.
?**“'. **” —4imOOP IUIj Scstoretf. flow to rnlarrt acd
““ d S' 00 '* -ailed (aealed) fm.
> ERIE MEDICAL CO.. BUFFALO. N. Y.
H. H. Epplng. Presid’t. E H.Eppiso. Cast:a
I Chattahoochee National Bank,
COLUMBUS, GA.
Capital knd undivided profits 8200.000. A' :f
Of merchants, manufacturers and farm-re re
spectfully solicited. Collections made n »i
points in the United States.
’Exchange bought and told.