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A VALUABLE AGRICILTIEAI DU-
COGR8E.
An Address Delivered Before the Plo-
neer Agricnltaral Society of Baker
Comity, Ca.
BY 3. P. STEVENS, Sf. D.
Communication by the Society to the Macon Telegraph
for Publication.]
Gentlemen /The occasion which brings ns to
gether is one of nnnsnal interest, It is a har
binger of more propitious times, especially to
those who with yon are associated in concert of
action for advancing the agricultural interests
of this portion of our State. IVhen the storm-
cloud of war passed over us, in its desolating
track it spread far and wide the debris of shat-
tered fortunes which required the energy, indus
try and skill of many years for their accumula
tion. It accomplished the disintegration of our
social system whereby the beneficent relation of
master and slave has been forever sundered, and
aa a necessary consequence our labor system
has been reduced to a state of inextricable con
fusion ; it has brought ns into a condition of po
litical bankruptcy, where, in lieu of a mild and
beneficent government dispensing its blessings
of “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness' 1
to all, we are tho subjects of class legislation
with all its embarrassments and cruel tortures.
But the present occasion inspires us with hope,
that, though prostrated by the weight of untold
evils, there is vitality enough left to be galvan
ized to a condition of activity and power. With
calm submission to. tho inexorable decree of
that unseen Hand which has shaped our destinies,
and yielding obedience to the powers that be ;
with a will to do, intelligence to gnide and en
ergy to accomplish, wo will yet build up the
waste-places, and our stricken land will once
more be clad in the garments of beauty and
loveliness.
And, gentlemen, yon have commenced the
work of recuperation, by laying down one of
the stones which compose the broad foundation
upon which rests the material prosperity of ev
ery civilized country. I mean the advancement
of the cause of intelligent agricultural industry.
Wise concert of action is indispensably necessary
to the success of any groat enterprise. Indi
vidual effort is slow and dubious in its progress.
Criticsl analysis of projected plans insnres more
precision and certainty of final results. The
comparing of individual experiments conducted
by the suggestions of minds diversified in their
capabilities of natural or acquired powers of
discrimination in the nse of means, will point
out error and elicit truth.
Tho farmer, of all men, is often the most
deeply rooted in his prejudices. Taught from
his earliest childhood to pursue a certain system
of labor, trained in the customs and manners of
his ancestors, guiding many of bis important
operations by the different lunar phases and
meteorological observations which are to his
mind ominous of good or evil, any suggestions
which may have a tendency to invalidate tho
stability of his faith are received with increduli
ty and suspicion. Even when actual observa
tion njfcJ experience have tested the superiority
of certain plans differing from his stereotyped
ideas, he is tardy in adopting them and giving
due credit to their results. Hence, there is
often engendered the most intense opposition to
what is nailed book-fanning. What is book-
fanning but an intelligent understanding of the
mode of operating in tho accomplishment of the
purposes and plansof tho most illiterate farmer?
It is bringing to onr aid the wise generalities of
1 philosophy and deducing therefrom important
facts; it is reducing general, and, often, vaguo
impressions of natural phenomena to the cer
tainty of scientific truth nnd of statistical accu
racy ; it is, in short, simplifying and rendering
more certain agricultural operations.
Agriculture bos attained its highest degree of
excellence in those countries where necessity has
iuvoked the aid of science for the support of
millions, where the usual productions of the
soil arc inadequate for this purpose. In propor.
tion to the increase of the population of a coon*
try will there be a demand upon its agricultural
resources. Hence, in Germany, Great Britain,
Prussia, France, and other countries, a large
number of ingenious and investigating minds
are employed in renovating the productive ca
pacity of soils worn out by perpetual tillage.
C nictitations are made by which the maximum
amount of grain may be produced upon eveiy
acre of ground susceptible of cultivation. It is
said that in Great Britain, every thirty-four
acres of land raises food for every twenty of her
population. Among the Chinese, their superior
knowledge of the art of cnltnro has enabled
them, upon an area of 1,200,000 acres of land,
to support a population of 300,000,000 of peo
ple. In fourteen years, North Germany added
in round numbers one million to her population.
The cause of this is attributed to the systematic
coarse of agricultural instruction of tho farm-
ing population of Germany. North Germany
has established four royal academies in which
the theoiy and practice of farming are taught
in a two year’s course. In addition to the Col
leges, she maintains nineteen provincial schools,
each of which has received from the Stato §10,-
000. They are nnder the direction of the edu
cated fanners of the district, and the simple
laws of tgriculture are taught Teachers arc
also employed to go from farm to farm to give
instruction while the crops are growing. Then
there are seven schools for experiments in or
ganic chemistry; and throughout all Germany
the people are rapidly advancing in knowledge,
and achieving results in advance of every other
nation. The prejudices, therefore, to an educa
ted husbandry are usually tho result of igno
rance of the benefits arising therefrom. Bo-
p cause, with every favoring circumstance and
condition, the ordinary routinist will often suc
ceed in raising as fine a crop as his more intel
ligent book-raising neighbor, is there any valid
reason for his depreciating the value of knowl
edge ?
Because the preacher who depends alone upon
the inspiration of the moment for his logic and
rhetorio will describe a circle two or three times
in careering through an hour's discourse, and
may be, throw some of his audience into convul
sions, should we nnder estimate the perspicuity
of style, purity of diction, melting pathos, and
convincing earnestness of the thoroughly edu
cated clergyman; as under the inspiration of a
fervid piety, cultivated imagination, invincible
logic, and silvery rhetoric, ho portrays with such
graphio delineation tho terrors of the law, dis
sects with such anatonial faithfulness our natu
ral depravity, and with such persuasive elo
quence lures us on to the fountain of purity and
holiness that our affections and thoughts are
bound to his as by an electric chain of sympa
thy ? In bis every day avocations tho planter
has abundant food for contemplation and study.
He draws his resources from the caverns of the
earth, tho depths of the ocean, the invisible air,
and the willing soil, and yet he is ignorant of
the first principles employed in utilizing these
productions of nature.
A plantisitsexf insignificant inappearance, yet
in its structure and functions it bears a striking
analogy to animals. From their germination
both aro supplied with the elements of nutrition,
in the seed and the egg until they are provided
with limbs for locomotion, and for obtaining the
means of subsistence. The elementary sub
stances by which they are sustained in the incu
bative state are almost identical. Four eIe-
mentary principles in nature—oxygen, carbon,
hydrogenAiid nitrogen—form the basis of ani
mal and vegetable life. Both are organized be
ings ; that is, they possess organs for their sup
port and perpetuation. Both have organs for the
circulation of the blood and the sap and for dis
charging the functions of respiration, digestion
and the assimilation or conversion of their food
° flesh and vegetable fibre. Animal fibrin,
albumen and gelatine, from which are made the
flesh and blood of onr bodies, are precisely sim
ilar to vegetable fibrin, albumen and gluten,
out of which are constructed the different parts
of plants. On analyzing the processes by which
animals and vegetables live, we can comprehend
hdw, by the exchange of certain gases, a due
igsSSSSSsS-
£atoiLT 88 ° f “ im “ re spiration, o W^
a Portion of’it Zvjg.
botoe^id P portof ammal existence, and car-
bomc acid is thrown off, the inhalation of which
“ d-
from tk. Ule ' , , e W *H readily perceive, that
tW,!* marable aonrcea carbonic acid,
through Uie respiration of animals, the proceases
of combusbon, volcanic eruptions, SlS£
, atm ° 6 P here w °uld become Z
deleterious agent as to cause the
f ammal hfe - iK there not a counter-
batencing agency. But mark the munificence
S of tiature: plants absorb car
bonic acid and evolve oxygen gas. Tims we
perceive, in these two great kingdoms of nature
a nice counterpoise is msintained, whereby what
is regarded as an element of destruction to one
18 employed by the other as a source of vitalitv
and nutrition. We, therefore, cannot look with
contempt upon the humblest flower or the most
noxious weed, for we are measurably dependent
upon them for the blithesome countenance and
elastic-step of health and happiness. This fac
ulty of. atmospheric absorption by plants pre
sents til A rmlv rufiAwiI , t < • a .
Spring. ®
The beneficial effects of ploughing and hoe-
ing arffno less remarkable, by minutely divid
ing the soil, encouraging the plentiful supply of
air and water, thereby affording a due propor
tion of oxygen which is necesary for the decom
position of vegetable matter, the germination of
suds, and by uniting with organic and inorganic
matters preparing them for absorption by the
roots of vegetables.
One of the most economical and judicious
methods of retaining the natural fertility of soil
is by resting and by proper rotation of crops.
Chemical analysis and observation demonstrate
that the constituents oflthe soil are lheterogene-
ous, and that different plants consume variable
quantities of organic and inorganic substances.
De Candolle maintained that plants have the
power of excreting or throwing off into the soil
matters unassimilable by them to such a degree
as to cause sterility,so far as they are concerned;
but that this excrement!tious matter may serve
as healthy food for other plants, and that -by a
judicious system of rotation the fertility of land
may be prolonged indefinitely. This redundance
of excrements by the slow action of Uie air and
moisture again becomes fitted for food. On the
principle of long continued and excessive excre
tion of worthless matter we are induoed to ac
count for the fact, that when an oak forest is
cleared and the land cultivated fora senes years
on being thrown out and permitted to reproduce
another forest, pine is usually substituted for
oak : on the contrary the destruction of a pine
forest is usually fallowed by that of oak. “All
plants require alkalis, some in the form of sili
cates, others in the form of carbonates, nitrates,
oxalates, and tartrates.” Com delights in the
phosphates of lime,magnesia, and in silicic acid;
and an analysis of the cotton plant shows in
matter soluble in water 44 per cent of the car
bonate of potash ; the phosphates of lime and
magnesia and the carbonates of lime are
found in smaller proportions; silicic acid in com
paratively insignificant quantities. Here, then,
we perceive how chemical analyses and experi
ments confirm the results of our own observa-
tion and experience, in the benefits resulting
from rotation in the culture of our two staple
Pr ^XoHeXr^^«ntrie^osacce^
bySnXg^ith different kmdsof vegetables
fora series of years, the original fertility of the
Uud may be preserved to a remarkable degree
are informed that in Belgium, “the rotation
of crops .upon » portion of land remarkable for
its fertility, which had not received any manure
for twelve year*, was as follows: Beans, barley
potatoes, winter barley with red clover, winter
barley, wheat, oats ; the eighth year it waa al
lowed to tie fallow. ” The ninth year it waa sup
posed to be as productive as when first in culti-
tation. The benefits of rotation of crops are
evident, but not to the degree that was
claimed by DeCaudolle; for the unlimited culti
vation of any soil, however skilfully, will finally
result in the complete exhaustion of its organic
and inorganic constituents unless they are artifi
cially supplied. The recuperation of land by
resting, is a slow, imperfect and expensive pro
cess, where the soil is naturally poor. We should
commence to rest such laud before it begins to
fail; for where it is naturally deficient in vegeta
ble matter, after having been exhausted, the
crop of weeds and grass produced is so insignfi-
cant that it returns to the soil but a very small
quantity of organic matter. It is doubtfhl
whether the benefits resulting from resting such
land, taking a series of years, will compensate
for the expense of keeping the fencing in repair,
as well as for the loss of the interest upon the
v^ue of the land. Moreover, we are strongly
tite < monne?!n met ^ o{ accounting for toiapted to graze our stock upon our rested fields,
»l“ch vegetation was originally tend th»a*udl portion of their excrete left
supported before the formation of soil by veget- " * ~ i 11 ^
able decomposition: in the possession of exten-
sxve leafy expansions, by which plants derived
their nourishment chiefly from the air, and de
manded bnt a limited supply from the soiL * , ,
All fertile soils have a liberal snpply of or
ganic and inorgaric materials; the former being
the products of the decay of vegetable and ani
mal matter, the latter resulting from the disin-
tegrarionof rocks in the original formation of
the soil. It is rare that we find more than from
5 to 7 per cent, of vegetable matter; inorganic mat
ter is found in variable proportions. The pres
ence of many acids and alkalies is needed, not
only in contributing to the elementary constit
uents of plants, bnt in rendering many sub
stances soluble and assimilable which otherwise
would be valueless. Silica, potash, soda, phos
phoric and sulphuric acids are found in many
plants. Some require a predominance of the
silicates to afford strength and durability to the
stalks. All plants of the grass land demand a
share of the silicate of potash. Wheat re
quires a liberal snpply of carbonate of potash,
100-parts of the stalks of which yield 15 per
cent, of ashes, while the same quantity of the
dry stalks of barley afford but S percent., and
of oats only 4 per cent. It is evident, therefore,
that the same soil which would support but one
crop of wheat would bear three of oats.” In
the ashes of 1000 pounds of the dry straw of
wheat we find 28 per cent, of silicate of potash,
in that of the grain 4 per cent.; while in the
same quantity of the dry straw of oats we have
45 per cent, and in that of the grain ID per
cent This fact may, in a measure, account for
tho trnth of the prevailing opinion with reference
to the exhausting nature of the oat crop; by its
extracting such a large amount of a single in
gredient of the soil, the silicate of potash. We
are enabled to arrive at these deductions by the
aid of chemical analysis, and I may here ob
serve, that it is, in a great measure, to chemistry
in its application to agriculture, that we are
indebted for the astonishing results which have
followed the labors of the scientific agriculturist.
The fertilizing properties of arable land are
dependent npon many conditions of the soil
-aside from the presence of nutritive materials.
Upon its porosity, its color, its ability to
retain moisture, its friability .and its suscepti
bility of perfect drainage, l’uro sand alone we
know, is strictly barren; for, aside from tho en
tire absence of organic matter, there is a lack of
consistency in its texture whereby it is incapa
ble of retaining a sufficient amount of moisture.
Bain exerts a solvent agency upon many of the
constituents of the soil, and instead of there be
ing in the subsoil a mechanical obstacle to its
further absorption, cansing its invigorating in
fluence to be retained around the roots of plants,
it permeates too deeply, and is hence lost. Clay
alone presents the opposite difficulty. By its
impermeability to water it retains moisture too
long; there is not free access of air and warmth
to the Toots and the plant suffers from defective
nourishment. Again: sandy lands radiate
caloric very slowly and imperfectly; hence, in
scorching droughts, the excessive heat absorbed
from the sun's rays during the day passes off
slowly at night. The radiating power of clay
lands is double that of sandy lands, and they
cool mnch more rapidly. Lime, though not it
self possessing any special fertilizing properties,
is a valuable component of the soil, by giving
consistency, neutralizing acidity, aiding in the
decomposition of vegetable matter, and render
ing soluble those substances which conld not
otherwise be absorbed by the roots of plants.
Feat lands which possess more than 50 per cent,
of organic matter, and produce nothing but a
coarse, worthless grass, may be made rich and
productive by drainage, and a heavy top-dress-
ng of lime well ploughed in. Thus we see that
by the union of clay, sand and lime, we have a
soil that maintains proper consistence to afford
mechanical support to the plant, as well as a
sufficient degree of porosity for watering and
ventilation, and having enough of the siliceous
ingredient to afford strength and durability to
the stalk.
Clay land having a large percentage of potash,
and its alumina being in chemical union with
silica, is better adapted to-the growth of wheat
and cotton; a considerable share of sand is re
quisite for barley, and a decidedly sandy loam
for rye and oats. It would be interesting to
dwell npon the effects of draining, ploughing,
hoeing, rotation of crops, and manuring;; bnt
each of those subjects should be the basis of a
separate monograph. A passing remark or two,
however, may not be inappropriate. The ef
fects of drainage are more perceptible npon tena-
tious clay land than npon a light, porous, friable
soiL It prevents the accumulation of stag
nant water, favors the access of fresh supplies
of rain water, and consequently, of fresh air to
the roots, and it makes the soil softer and more
impressible by the roots. By effecnally dissolv
ing the hard lumps and rendering the subsoil
more porous, it enables the plant to enjoy a
wider range for feeding, and it facitilates vege
tation by dissipating that degree of coldness of
the soil so detrimental to the plant in early
— upon
the ground does not supply the loss of vegetable
matter conveyed* away. The common custom
of turning hogs npon lands not well clothed with
grass or edible matter of some sort, I conceive
to be highly detrimental, for they plough up the
sterile subsoil to a great depth and throw it to the
surface, thereby mixing with the small portion
of vegetable matter a large preponderance of
insoluble earthy matters, which require a long
time of exposure to the action of rain and the
atmosphere to make them at all soluble; and in
this region of country, an exceedingly small per
centage of such inorganic matter is of any ser
vice whatever.
The philosopher's stone which converts earth
into gold, the Corner Stone of the Temple of
Ceres, is manure. And, gentlemen, never in
the history of onr country has this subject pre
sented such an important aspect as now. In
former times, when the planter had absolute
control over his laborers—having exhausted the
fertility of his plantation, with his man servants,
his maid servants, his cattle and mules—like
the Israelite of old, he migrated to more abun
dant pastures and a virgin soil, and pursued the
same ruinous system of butchering and skin
ning his land. In the altered circumstances
which surround us we can neither sell onr lands
nor move away. It will not pay to extensively
clear up fresh lands, where wo have so much
already idle. Necessity compels us, therefore,
to resuscitate our exhausted soil, or we must be
contented to become annually still more impov
erished. It is a matter then of vital importance
to know how we can most economically and
effectually accomplish our purpose.
The object of manuring lands is to return to
the soil the potash, soda, lime, phosphorio acid
and nitrogenous materials of which it has been
deprived. This can be accomplished by turning
nnder green crops, or by supplying these acids,
alkalies and salts, in a more concentrated form
in artificial compounds, by composting rough
vegetable matter and inorganic materials, and
by the artificial admixture of the different sub
stances that compose onr comifiercial manures.
Ploughing under green crops is preferable to
the use of dry vegetation, because, in the pro
cess of decay of vegetable matter, the plant
throws off into the air a considerable portion of
valuable gases. The sap, like the blood to an
imals, contains all the elements necessary for
the production of the different parts of the plant.
The seeds, twigs and leaves possess a larger
share of nitrogen than other portions, such as
the bark and woody fibre; if, therefore, veget
ables were allowed, to pass through the process
of maturation and decay before they were in
corporated in the soil by being ploughed under,
a large portion of these elements of nutrition
would be lost by conversion into different gases.
While growing, the roots of plants descend be
low the surface into the subsoil, and extraot from
it inorganic matter. This enters into tho stem,
leaves and woody fibre, and the latter, when
iloughed under, while green, become thoroughly
ncorporated in the surface soil, and in the pro
cess of fermentation the resulting gases are dif
fused, form combinations with other substances
already present, and thus are retained, and be
come apermanentsource of nutrition to anysub-
sequent crop. In stiff, tenacious clay or lime
land, the vegetable matters make the soil more
friable, and m time of drought act favorably by
facilitating the access of air to the roots, and in
time of protracted wet seasons, by conveying
away excessive accumulations of water. All
sandy lands are vastly benefitted by this process
of manuring, because they soon become ex
hausted of all organic matter.
It is of the first importance to sow such seeds
as will produce the largest amount of vegetable
matter, in the shortest time, and those which
will be most readily produced by the soil to be
renovated. Thus lucerne or clover would not
pay upon onr lands for Ms purpose, because
they demand a large amount of potash for their
growth nnd perfection. Wo would be compelled
to supply this ingredient actificially before we
conld succeed in obtaining a sufficient amount
of vegetable matter to be available. The em
ployment of peas and rye would be far prefer
able, both of which can be sustained upon a
comparatively small quantity of potash; the
farmer derives considerable nourishment from
the atmosphere by the absorption of carbonic
acid and- ammonia through its leaves, and tiie
latter will grow very well npon a soil containing
not over one and a half per cent of potash. Itwould
repay the trouble and cost by sowing a crop of rye
in the fall, and ploughing it under in the Spring,
preparatory to planting a crop of cotton upon
the same land; especially if a top dressing of
sum or phosphate of lime, could be ploughed
er with the rye. Green crops decompose
very rapidly, and they, in a very short time,
would imparts stimulating effect, thereby giving
a good start to the young cotton.
The sulphate or phosphate of lime would
economize the fertilizing p.-forties of the rye,
which, during its gradual process of decay and
fermentation, would impart its beneficial effects
to the cotton daring the whole time of its growth
and maturation. The proper time for plowing
under green crops is just as the plant begins to
flower; for in this process it emits a consider
able portion of nitrogen, which may be advan
tageously retained. The rapidity of the decom
position of green crops enables us to repeat the
operation at least twice during onr protracted
season of warm weather, through the summer
and autumn. Our lands are peculiarly suscep
tible of improvement by this method, as well as
by that of rotation and resting, on account of
the presence of more or less lime in the soil,
which greatly facilitates the decomposition of
organic matter. The presence of lime is de-
ducible from the fact that shell limestone rock
underlies the whole of this section of the State ;
and I believe it is conceded that the surface soil
generally partakes of the nature of the sub
stratum upon which it rests. Moreover, we can
not in any other manner satisfactorily account
for the ready response which is made to the ap
plication of almost any kind of manure even
in very small quantity; and it is remarkable for
what length of time a single application of ma
nure will exhibit its beneficial effects.
[TO BE OOSCLCnXD.]
How to Mocbn VS Taste-—Crape >s a pecu
liarly bad material for the purpose, from its ex-
peniveness and its liability to ^jury.from
Stop of rain. The too common addition of jet
ornaments, or, stiff worse, of black flowers and
other dismal translations of finey intofmerea
trapping, is both lugubrious and ill-timed, and
nobodv'ean think the result really beautiful- To
lav aside one’s ornaments is the natural symbol
ofgrief, and a relief when the feeling is real.
SaSW. btak a~. aa b r «“
ornaments and trimmmg,
reasonable and appropnate lheir penodo^
wearing mourning is considerably snoner
Relieve toey-ver
- d I h0 ^r/rr e ^ ^ 8 wSto e to ah
the worse for it. me iree M -i HO be
cases of mourning, however deep, wool
great gain.—CornhiU Magamne.
Drugs and Medicine*.
PYRAFUGE!
PYRAFUGE!
PYRAFUGE!
A SURE AUD POSITIVE CURE FOR
Chill Fever, Feyer and Ague
And Bomb Ague!
PYRAFUGE
Does not cure all tllsflethis heir to. bat <loes _
rapid care ia Chill Fever. Fever and Acne and Dumb
Asset
PYRAFUGE!
1* now takins the place of all patent medicine*, and
a revolution in the history of phyeieiene’ practice
will about commence.
Tie VobMI Fever Medicine
Is the name siren to it by all whwhave used U and
who disregard the label, bat call it
THE ONLY TRUE MEDICINE
FOB THES8 COMPLAINTS.
We challenge a tingle eaee to try oar PYRAFUGE
and deny Its
WONDERFUL PROPERTIES.
And the moet obstinate ease most yield I
Certificates of resident (city and conn try) will be
shown on inquiry.
PREPARED AND SOLD AT
LIPPM A-nST’S
WHOLESALE DRUG STORE,
SAVANNAB, GA.
Ths negro, Harris, who was
Lieutenant Governor of Vrngima bytto Badocad
convention at Petersburg, last week, has a white
woman for a wife. She waa a “ Yankee school-
marm” from New Jersey. They were
since the war,
OH, YE XjOVEHS
FUSE BOTTLED SODA fATIB.
Bottled Sod* Water. I am now prepared to fur
nish Bottled Sod* W*ter, of any kind of flaror. at
short notice; and it is my determination to bare
or none. I nave employed, through Mr. John
of Savannah, a No. 1 workman wlio com ee well re
commended from him a« understanding the business
thoroughly. My manufactory ii at my Ice House,
near the Passenger Depot.
Orders promptly filled, and may be left at the Man
ufactory or at my store. I shall start* wagon oat
soon, to deliYer it in any part of the city.
marllMf
. ELLS.
Bow to Utilise the Oak Forests of
Georgia.
T HE undersigned is now ready to grant licenses or
to dispose of territorial rights lor the nse of bis
improved appliances for eopvociing die asUinf
properties of Oak Bark into an imperishable exti
for Tanning and Coloring purposes, requiring there-
lorasmall royalty per gallon, ora reasonable con
sideration for Factory or Territorial rights.
The oost of a Factory, with all the requisite ap-
pointments (less motive power) capable of producing
50 barrels every twenty-four hours, will not exceed
18000. while* lac lory of the capacity of 25 barrels per
twenty-four hours will not exceed $5/000. Three thou
sand dollars will—where lumber is cheap—meet the
These estimates include the cost of buildiDg,
tanks, (which are of wood) mill, condensing apparatus
and every rcqsiflts, save the motive power, required
in the manufacture.
These new devices, for manufacturing concentrated
extract, are in practicsd use, and are pronounced by
good judges to be_the most perfect, simple_*nd the
cheapest in use —
Competent men will be provided for
Station H., New York C.
SELECT SCHOOL.
O R. HUNTER purposes to establish a SELECT
FEMALE SCHOOL on Walnut Street, to com
mence 1st of April. Special attention devoted to the
study of Natural Science and Modem Languages.
A select number of pupils desired.
Terms. Six Dollars per month, payable ia advance.
Apply to the undersigned at McBumey^a tenement
on Walnut Street. . _ _ __
RxrxKKxexs—Mr. Poe, Rev, D. Wills. D. D.. Mr.
Hutton. [mrll-lf J THEO. HUbTKR.
Fertilizers.
Drugs and Medicines.
PLANTERS.
Look to Yonr Merest!
CASH
DRUG STORE
BOY NO DOUBTFUL FERHUZERS!
JOKES, BAXTER AMY,
Cotton Avenue, Macon, Go.,
AES NOW RECEIVING
700 Bags No. 1 Peruvian Guano,
Direct from the Government Agent, every bog guar
anteed genuine: ISO Barrels best
Nova Scotia Land Plaster;
75 BBLS. MARIETTA MILL8
POWDER OF RAWBONE,
The most honest and best product of tho kind
ever pot np In this oonntry:
CHESAPEAKE GUANO,
400 BARRELS IN STORE.
rj’HIB article needs no recommendation when It hat
been used. The following letter from oneof the most
recreated citisent of Monroe county, tells the whole
story. We have other letters and can give the names
of many who will not do without it If it Is to be had.
bnt we prefer to give a letter from a man who Is well
and favorably known by almost everybody In Bibb
and Monroe counties. Such a man Is Dr. LEROY
HOLT:
Mokxoi Couhtt Ga.. December 25. 1868.
MESSRS. JONES, BANTER A DAY.
Gixtlixkx : In reply to yosr inquiry, I take pleas
ure In saying my experience with the CHESAPEAKE
PHOSPHATE. I bought of you last spring, has bean
Tery favorable. I used (800) two hundred pounds
upon 0£) three-fourths of an acre, third year’s new
ground, appli ing it in the drill, rows three feet apart,
sixteen inches in the drill, on which I had fire thou
sand seven hundred stsiki of cotton. From this, I
gathered (1820 eighteen hundred and twenty-fonr
pounds of cotton. The last of Augnst, the worm com
mitted great ravages in it, destroying all of the late
crop. Had It not been for the worm I should have
made at leastone-thlrd more on the land. I can cheer-
fully recommend it to Planters as a Fertiliser for eot-
ton. Respectfully,
(Signed] L. HOLT.
WE-HAVE ALSO BECEIVED 200 BAGS AND
BAUGH’S RAW-BONE PHOSPHATE.
_. .
till article has been before the pnblio for thirteen
years, and there are now over 10.000 tons sold annually.
Bead the following letter from a well known cl then
of Monroe oo onty:
Hoiui CotrzTT, Ga., Jan. 4,1869.
Mr, Geo. JJugdale, Baltimore, Md. r
Dias Bin—I made an experiment npon Cotton the
past season with Baugh's Raw-Bone Phosphate. I
need it at tiie rate of only One Hundred Pounds Per
Acre, applying it in tho row with the seed, and the
yield of cotton from land to which the Phosphate was
applied, was One Hundred Per Cent, greater than
from land on which no fertiliser was used: the differ
ence being so great that I could see to the very row
where I stopped dropping the Phosphate.
lean, with confidence, recommend Baugh's Raw-
Ben, Phosphate as being a reliable and satisfactory
article.
J. H.ZEILIN k CO,
Have for tale a large Stock of
PAINTS, OILS, GLASS, PERFUMERY
FANCY GOODS,
Snuff, Garden Seed,
Medical Liquors, Etc.
A LL orders entrusted to them will be filled prompt
ly and with the greatest care, and at the
| VERY LOWEST PRICES.
We buy exclusively for cash and sell only fbr the
money down, and can five better prices than &ny oth-
er house in tk. State. j. ZEILIN * C0 .
SIMMONS’ LIVER REGULATOR!
The great remedy for Dyspepsia, Liver Discaso,
Chills. Fever. Jaundice, etc. For sale in any quanti
ty. Ihe trade supplied at a very handsome discount
ior profit, by the Proprietors.
j: a. zaxua & oo.
febl7»tf
A POSITIVE CURE
Oonrhs, Colds, Hoarseness, Asthma,
Bronchitis, Sore Throat, Diffi
cult Breathing-
And all diseases of the
DUMTOI, THROAT and CHSBT,
. IS rcOSD I* THS
Globe Flower, or Button Bush Syrup.
I iHIS pleassnt end effectual remedy possesses al-
. most miraculous power for the cure of the above
complaints, and is the moat reliable remedy aver dis
covered for theeureofCON.Sli.MPTION. Ithssbeen
tested in over Twenty Thousand Caves with the most
remarkable success, and many of our most prominent
a y.icians will testify that it will cure Tubercular
nsumption in its early stages. It is pleaiant to
take and never disagrees with the most delicate stom
ach. Children do not ohitet to taking it.
To all who have any Luog affection,, we say try it
but once and you will prise U as your best earthly
friand.
For Remarkable Cures, see our Phamphlet—Pearls
for the People. . , ,
*E,For salt by Dregrtit^.vjr^here^by
L. W. HUNT * CO..
Macon. Ga.
J. B. Pemberton dt Oo.,
Proprietors and Chemists.
jan22-3mo Columbus, Ga.
Railroads.
GREAT CENTRAL TltT.AWW
MAIL AND PASSESfiBft ROUTE
VIA
Colombia and Aogosta Railroad,
COLUMBIA. *°
CHARLOTTE. -X* *?
GKKRN«HOR(V,
RICHMOND.
W A Mil.NOTON,
BALTIMORE,
PHILADELPHIA AND NEW YORK
Raleigh, Weldon, Petersburg, etc, or via Weldon,
Portsmouth and Bay Line Steamers.
Passengers thus have choice o£
THREE ROUTES TO NEW YORK!
Seventy-five miles distance and four and a half hours
timo taveu between Augusta and Richmond, via
D*n vill®.
Passengers from Augusta should take the 8,00 A, Me
train, from Augusta, of the South Carolina
Road* which makes close connection at Granite-
ville, eleven miles East of Augusta, with the trains
of the Columbia and Augusta Kailroad.
TIME TABLE GOING NORTH.
Mobile, leave...,...........*.. ~3.00 p, n.
Montgomery....... - .................5.45 a. m.
Columbus 12.35 p. u.
g , ni i : r ~- x - — - 6.25 p. X.
Bayaanalr^—.—.^....^7. 7.20 p. m.
Atlanta .5.40 r. M,
Augusta b.0U a. M.
Graoiteville 8.45 a. m.
C olumbia—....... 1 40 p. u.
Ureen?boro
Richmond..
11-25 a. M.
.8.40 r. m.
.10.30 r. m.
..2.30 a. X.
.6.U5 a. X.
Philadelphia....
Ne# York, arrive..
This route passes through an elevsted and healthy
country, with pure water and beautiful scenery—Eat
ing Houses unsurpassed—no swamps, no long and
dangerous trostle*. but a solid roadway and smooth
track the whole distance. •
Remember the **NKW SHORT LINK,'* and ask
for tickets '‘via Columbia and Augusta Railroad, M to
insure .'peed. Coinfort and Safety.
Tickets may be had at terminal stations of all con
necting roads, and in Augusta, at the office of Jno. J.
Cohen A Son. C» P. HTDK,
feb2*)-dlm General Agent.
CHANGE OF MEDIILB.
NO CBANOKof CARS BKTWSENSA 7ANN A B
. ACOOSTA AND MONTGOMERY. ALA.
Ornoi or Misvnn or TnsxsroxTsTtox C. R. R„ 1
Savsnsau. (is., August 11,1868. j
O N AND AFTER SUNDAY. 16th i.w., PASSEN
GKK Trains on tho Georgia Central Railroad
will run as follows:
|. . UP DAY TRAIN.
Lnavi. Atnrvg.
A. V.
6:40 r. M
f:38 r. H.
8:68 r. M.
11:00 r. K.
Savannah.
Macon - r -
i
Eatonton .............—..._
Connecting with train that leaves An-
guslA at 8:45 a.m.
• DOWN DAY TRAIN.
Macon.....— — .7:00 A. u.
Savannah— _... 5:30 r. M.
Augusta...... 5;J| p. m
Connecting with trein that leaves Au
gusta at 8:45 A. it
UP NIGHT TRAIN.
Savannah —7:20 r. H. ^
Auguste. —t. —.....L— 3:13 A.' M
Connecting with trains that loavo Au-
gnstit — 9:38 p. u.
DOWN NIGHT TRAIN,
non. 8:2.’' r. M.
M“SSdgeviiii>;ir.r."ir.
aStOBtOB...’. — r. m.
Connecting with train that leaves Au
gusta n i r-i teaa r. u.
Aer.h. M. Trains from Savannah and Augusta, and
‘r. w. Train from Macon, connect with Millodgeville
Train at Gordon daily, Sundays excepted.
WP. M. Train from Savannah connects with
through Mail Train ou South Carolina Railroad, and
r. M. Train from Savannah and Augusta with Trains
on Southwestern and Muscogee Railroads.
(Signed) - W ROGERS,
an»is-tf
,4 JO r. a.
.2:40 r. u.
EUREKA BITTERS.
WARD’a
EUREKA TONIC BITTERS,
'T'HE best in the market; is kept by all Druggists,
A and will cure Dyspepsia. Indigestion, Chills and
Fever, as well aa Typhoid tnd Bilious Fevers, Rheu
matism, Neuralgia, Cough. Colds, Consumption in
ShM ntecsi. ana Female Irregularities- It has proved
itself the best remedy ofthis age.
L. W. HUNT & C0-,
Wholesale and Retail Druggists, are the agents for
always Be found
this invaluable remedy, where it can
fsbl0-3m .
OLD SOUTHERN DRUG STORE.
K3C0CBA6E HOME MANUFACTURES.
THE OLD CAROLINA BITTERS,
SOUTHERN PREPARATION. AND A MOST
Valuable and Rilia blu Toxic, equal, if not an
terior, to any Bitters in the market, and ata mnch
ees price. Cures Dyspepsia. Loss of Appatite. Chill*
and Fever, and is, without doubt, the best Tonic Bit-
» l'». jutiu,
Acting Master of Transportation.
WALTER A. WOOD’S
JIOWKRS MD llBAPliRS,
Used In all Countries, and universally
commended as
THE BEST IN USE !
Awarded MORE FIRST PREMIUMS than any other
Machine manufactured.
Both in this and Foreign Countries,
Among which is
THE HIGHEST PRIZE!
Two Grand Gold Medaln and Cross of tlxa
Legion of Honor,
AT PARIS EXPOSITION, 1867!
More than 130,000 now in nse.
20,000 manufactured and told in 1868, and the
■* demand untupplied.
ooosazcB, wxarsML&nr a co
Proprietors and Manufacturers of the
CELEBRATED CAROLINA BITTERS,
And direct Importers of choice European Drugs and
Chemicals, No. 23 HuyneSL. Cbarle.ton. S ; C.
For sale by J. H.ZEILIN Sc CO.
j an28-3m
w r
Fertilizers.
[Signed]
Very truly yours.
HIRAM PHINEZBE.
LIVERY AND SALE STABLES.
niHE undersigned bu taken charge of the well
jL known **'Chapman'* Livery Stables^* in Macon,
opposite the passenger shed, on Plum street, where he
will conduct a general Livery Business in all its
branches. Anything you may want in the way of
transportation, by horse or male, boggy, carnage or
hack, will be famished on short notion snd at reason
able rates. Drovers will find this an old and popular
stand at whloh to dispose of their •toek. -
febll-lv S. H. HOLMES. Agent.
TAN YARD.
T WILL sell, lease, or exchange for good Land, a
Tan Yard in the city of Cothbert, having fifty Vats.
Bark Mill, etc.: Bark and Hides plentiful, and a very
A. B. McAFEE.
LIVERPOOL AXD LONDON
GLOBE INSURANCE COMPANY I
CAPITAL, OVER SEVENTEEN MILLION
DOLLARS, GOLD.
INSURE OOrniN^M^CBANBISR. STORES.
T
id highly responsible Company, is prep»reitot»ue
policiw on - £v”rubi. terns »
rei*Mj
Read what DAVID LAND RET H k SONS,
they are the oldest Seedsmen and Gardeners in this
country, being established nearly forty yean:
“BAUGH'S SUPER-PHOSPHATE is in good re
pute at Philadelphia, and we feel warranted in saying
from our own experience, is reliable." , r ~ ~ *
jaul-tillaprl
. B. HARRISON. '
Successor to Alex. Harri.«on,
611 Commerce st.. Phil*.,
• Order* respectfully solicited, and any information
given by addressing
SLOAN. GROOVER k CO..
W'ffc:. Factors and Cooimi>?ion Merchant*.
, 'vdt • Savannah. Ga.
Agents for the sale of Harriron’s Plant Fertiliser in
Florida. Southern and MiddI3 Georgia.
U^-Price, delivered in Augusta. Ga , $55 per ton.^fl
> Y H.C. BRYSON.
- r Factor and Commission Merchant.
c* -rr.-ji, “'>■—** '• Anausta, Ga. (
Agent for the sale of Harrison's Plant Fertilizer in
WANDO FERTILIZER.
_
T HE Wando Mining and Manufacturing Company
offers to the. Planter* and Farmery of theSoath
Northern Georgia and upper
4*, 2 jan7-3mo
their Fertiliser, known as the “WANDO FRRTIL-
IZ6R,” which the experience of the past season has
proved to be one of the most valuable m our market.
It has for iU base the materials from the Phosphate
Beds of the Company on Ashley River, and is pre
pared at their works at the
Bast Bud of Basel Street,
in this city. In order to guarantee its uniformity and
maintain its high standard, the Company has made
arrangements with the distinguished Chemist, Dr. C.
U. Shepard, Jr., who carefully analytes all the am-
ofiered — —_ — - — —_
article which will prove to be a Complete Manure,
and give entire satisfaction.
For terms, circulars and other information.
WM. C. DUKES & CO., Agents,
Ho. X South Atlantic Wharf,
CHARLESTON, 8. C.
JahU-taa
HARRISON’S
PLANT FERTILIZER.
Hrice Reduced from *65 to *50 per
Ton, on 3000 lbs., Cash.
A T THE solicitations of many friends. I have RE-
A. DtJCED the price of iny "Plant Fertiliser” for
tab season only, to $50 per ton, for the purpose ofin-
lqis season uoiy, w per wu. iut 4uc ^
trodooing it to the Planters of Georgia and Flotiaa.
and most earnestly desire to have it practically tested
alongxideof Other well known Phosphates and Fertil-
lwW( 11 feel assured that
convince the most skeptic
qualities in the first, ss wel
to activity and durability.
South Carolina.
GUANOS.
200 TONS PERUVIAN GUANO.
100 tons SOLUBLE PACIFIC GUANO.
100 tons LAND PLASTER.
50 tons DISSOLVED BONES.
For sale, for Cash Only, by
maiO-lmo ASHER AYREo.
INCREASING DEMAND,
INCREASED FACILITIES,
Addtional Improvements, for 1869.
Wood's Prize Mowers, (One and Two Horse.)
Wood’s Self-Baking Reaper, with
Wood’s New Mowing Attachment.
Wood's Hand Bake Reaper.
Haines* Illinois harvester.
Manufactured by the Walter A. Wood Mowing and
H—llnr fleneral Office and Man
ufactory, Hoosick Falls, Rensselaer Co., N. Y.
Branch .) 44 Cortlant St., N. Y. City.(P. 0. Box5805.)
Offices, / 206 Lake Street, Chicago, 111.
and Alexandria, Va.
Salks I Madiron. Wis.
Rooms. J 77 Upper Thames St., London.
Send for new descriptive Circular and Price List.
Application for Georgia should be addressed to
P. W. J, ECHOLS, Agent. Atlanta, Ga.
jan!3-3m AYER k HILLS, A gen is, Rome, Ga.
ROFiL INSURANCE C0MP1NF,
— OF —
Kivnarooi and LOVDOV.
IF I HP- E AND EIEE-
Capital, Two Millions Sterling.
rr»HB .Annual Revenue, in all its -branche*. is over
A $ J.000,000. The Company will ever distinguish
itielfby its promptness in the settlement of claims,
without previous report or reference to England.
F. R. SHACKELFORD.
* Agent, at Macon.
Office, next door to Messrs. E. J.Johnston k Co.'#.
manHmoi
GUANO! GUANO!!
NOT HEP. large snpply of Kettlewell'a A. A.
PERUVIAN GUANO,
Just Receired.
Plasters who desire this VERY RELIABLE
FBRTILI55ER.,
Host lea re t heir Orders Early.
PRICE. $85 00 PER TON. CASH.
Apply to MJRY L.. JEWETT,
feb»-4weod* 84 Second ,t.
IP-j^HSTT-IISra.
s. L. DRURY.
House & Sign Painter,
eiLDEB, 6LAZIK& AND PAPSR HANGKB
OVER LAWTON A LAWTON’S.
FOURTH STREET,
i*°l*-tf MACON. GA.
EICHaKD F. XsTOX.
SAMUIL D. IRVi:
w. X. Dl GXAFFBXEIXD.
LYON, deGRAFPENREED & IRVIN,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
MACON, GEORGIA.
APPLEBY & HELME’S
CELEBRATED
Railroad Mills Snuff
A RE now being offered in this market as the best
/v goods mantactured in this country. For sale by
Messrs. L .W. Hunt k Co.. Druggists, and Johnson
Campbell k Co.. Grocers.Macon, Go. jan5-6mo