Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

From Dcivy's Agricultural Chemistry. Fill!IT TREES, The decay of the best varieties of fruit bearing trees which have been distributed through the country by grafts, is a circum stance of great importance. There is no made of preserving them ; and no resource, except that of raising now varieties by seeds. Where a species has been ameliorated by culture, the seeds it all'm-ds, other circum stances bing similar, produce more vigor ous and perfect plants ; and in this way the great improvements in the productions of our fields and garden seem to have been . 8 ' i occasioned. Wheat in its indigenous state, as a natur al production of the soil, appears to have 1 been a very small grass: and the case is still more remarkable with the apple and. the plumb. The crab seems to have been[' the parent of our apples. And two fruits! Can scarcely he conceived more different 1' in color si/.e, and appearance than the wild plum and the rich magnum bunum. The seeds of plants exalted by cultiva- 1 tion always furnish large and improved va-j rieties ; but the llavor, and even the color) of the ft nit seems to he a matter of acci-j dent. Thus a hundred seeds of the golden j pippin will all produce fine l.irg cleaved ap-' pl<: trees, hearing fruit of n considerable j si/.e ; but the tastes and colors of the ap-| pies from each will be different, and none) will be the same as those of the pippin it-j self. Some will be sweet, some sour, some mawkish, some aromatic; some yellow, some green, some red, and some streaked.! All the apples will, however, be much morel perfect than those from the seeds of a crab,) which produce trees all the same kind, and all bearing sour and diminutive fruit. The power of the horticulturist extends only (•> the multiplyihg excellent varieties by grafting. They cannot be rendered per manent ; and the good (mils at present in ou: gardens, are (hose of a few seedlings, se lected probably from hundreds of thousands j] the results of great labor and industry, and multiplied experiments. The larger and thicker the leaves of a seedling, and the more expanded it blos soms, the more it is likely to produce a good variety of fruit. Short leaved trees! should never be selected ; for these approach) nearer to the original standard ; whereas) the o'her qualities indicate the influence of j cultivation. In the general selection of seeds, il would appear that those arising from the most highly cultivated varieties of plants, are such as give the most vigorous produce ; but it is necessary from time to time to change, and as it were, to cross the breed. My applying tiie pollen, or dust of the stamina fro n one variety to (he pistil of. another of the same species, a new variety j may be easily produced ; and Mr. Knight’s • experiments seem to warrant the idea, t at great advantages may be derived from this' method of propagation. Mr. Knight’s large peas produced by crossing (wo varieties, are celebrated a-l nrmg horticulturists,and will, 1 hope, soon be cultivated by farmers, I have seen several of his crossed apples,' which promise to rival the best of those which are gradually dying away in the cider countries. —<3.OS CUTTING OF RYE. This object is of such importance that 1 cannot conscientiously omit my endeavours to impress it ou the minds of the community. Uve might to be cut as soon as possible after the milk is out of the berry or kernel ; then rake, bind in small sheaves and shock i t the following manner; set up four, live or six sheaves together, according to their bulk; then (dace on a capsheaf. In this position, the shocks may stand till perfectly dry ; then secure them in a bar rack or barn, but never mow them on fay. Grain mo ved on hay will receive more or less must—this must is deleterious to ani mals of every kind. live cut and secured in this manner, is worth nearly double the price of that cut in the common way ; the straw will m ike bet ter fodder than clover, unless the clover be cut when very green, and peculiar!v atten ded in curing; the betry of rye will till to a plump state, and the Hour will afford as good bread as we commonly obtain from wheat. 1 nave known numbers of persons who were deceivi d, when eating rye bread made with Hour from rye thus managed, and de dared they would eat wheat bread in future, wlirn at the same time thev were eating rye rinse who are unwilling to receive agri cultural knowledge IVoom books, need no' spurn at this information, I was taught thi toethod of curing rye and practised it at tin age of eighteen, now sixty nine and a half, ami have always found it profitable and ad vantageous. OBSERVER. "Wcslerlo, May 5, 1820. ' Wc publish below a collection of extracts from the Essays of Franklin, which no doubt will be read with interest. They contain truths which, as the world advan ces in the career of civilisation, are more generally admitted, and which lead di rectly to enlarged views of commerce and government. We take them from the Na tional (inzc/lc, a. paper whose selections are made with felicity, and whose editori-( al columns display much ability, while we are obliged to add, they are poor in that elevation of thought and kindness offeel ing, usually imparted by study and the love of letters FRA N KLIN’S PHI NCI PL ES. It is a vain imagination that we exist only for ourselves, or our particular country. — I’lie all wise Creator has ordained that a mutual dependence shall run through all) his works ; and though our limited capaci ties will not admit us fully to comprehend the nature and end of this connected chain of things, yet we may and indeed ought, to inquire into, and consider every thing winch relates to our mutual dependence upon one ( another, and the springs and principles of our actions. We shall, in the ensuing essay, u-e our ( best endeavours to remove from the friends | [of trade, and mankind in general, some pre- j j vailing prejudices ; and to treat in a con- ( cise manner, upon a lew self-evident prin-t, ciples, and general maxims ; under a per-L jsuation, that if such maxims and principles!, [are just, all deductions, & discussions what- ( iever, may be tried by their standard. | ( | Freedom and protection, are most tndis-j putable principles whereon the success of ! I trade must depend ; as clearly as an openj '.good road tends to vards a safe ar.d speedy j ,!intercourse.: nor is there a greater enemy to [trade than constraint. ,| Were princes in general, to abolish all .1 sorts of prohibitory laws, trade, in geocr , I ill, would flourish must in ihu-c countries, woe re the happy situation; the mildness of the climate ; the activity and industry .[of the inhabitants; would furnish means | for a speedy and useful intercourse, re- 1 ciprocally to supply any real, or ideal want. , When princes make war by prohibiting commerce, each may hurt himself, as much as his enemy. In our opinion, however, no lows which the art of man can devise, will, or can, hin ider, or entirely slop the current of a profi table trade, any more than the severest laws could prevent the satisfying of hunger, when any chance or opportunity ottered to gratify it. For whatever law is enacted ; abridging , a freedom or liberty, which (he true inier 'eal of the state dem inda ; or which does not J grant protection where it may be wanted, ■j must clearly lie detrimental. | N iw, though it is hardly to be expected j that princes should allow of a general free | trade or intercourse, because they seldom know their own true interest; yet it does! diiot follow that fundamental m ixims should i ,!not be attended to in governing an indus-l trious people. Some of these principles we . beg leave to expatiate on. That the use of the produce of other cottn • j tries for ideal wants, ought to ba discoura , ged, particularly when the produce of the land, or of industry, are not given in ex change for them, lias been strongly urged [by many. On the grand principle of free dom in trade, we cannot well admit it: for \itis plain the luxurious will use, and the ! trader to prosecute his gain will procure, I such foreign produce: nor do prohibitory laws, or heavy duties hinder. Neverthe-1 less, to allow for a moment the doctrine, we will remark, that only the establishing it as a mode or fashion amongst the opulent andj great, can possibly effectuate a disuse or ! discouragement. In fact t c produce of other countries can hardly be obtained, unless by fraud or ra pine, without giving the produce of our land or our industry in exchange for Hum. If we have mines of gold and silver, gold! ; and silver may then be called the produce of our land. If we have not, we can only 1 fairly obtain those metals by giving for them the produce of our land or industry. When we have them, they are then only that pro vince or industry in another shape : which I We may give, if the trade requires it, and • our other produce will not suit, in exchange ' for the produce of some other country that! furnishes what we have more occasion for,l jor more desire. When wo have, to an in-j *,convenient degree, parted with our gold 1 and silver, our industry is stimulated afresh) to procure more; that by its mean* we' ’ may contrive to procure the same advan-| ' tage. 1 That the welfare of any state depends on l ' its keeping all its gold and silver, either in bullion, or in coin, must be founded on a very narrow principle indeed. All repub -1 lies we know of, wisely think otherwise.— “ Spain, the grand source of silver, allowed the free exportation of it, paying a duty, as • in Great Britain, lead ami tin do: nor pri or to (his permission could their penal laws, in Spain, hinder its being exported ; for it cas a commodity which that kingdom was ' aider a necessity of giving as an equivalent ; lor what was furnished to them by other ■ countries. Could Spain and Portugal have succeed d in executing their foolish laws for “ hedg ing in the curkoe,” as Locke calls it, and have kept atjiomc all their gold and silver, ' those metals would, by this time, have been i of little more value than so much lead or iron. Their plenty would hate lessened their value. We see the folly of these edicts ; but are not our now prohibitory and '■ restrictive taws that are professedly made with intention to bring a balance in our favour from our trade with foreign na tions to be paid in money and laws to pre vent the necessity of exporting that money , which, if they could be thoroughly executed, would make money us plenty, and of ns lit tle value ; I say ', are not such laws akin to those Spanish edicts; follies of the same family ? Another specious doctrine, much labored by theorists, in consequence of that rela ting to the par, is, that the exchange between any particular country, being above, or be low par, always shows whether their reci procal trade be advantageous or disadvan tageous, It is, ami must bo allowed, (hat i in trade, nothing is given without adequate returns, nr compensations ; but these are so various, and so fluctuating, between coun tries, so often indirectly as directly, that there is no possibility of fixing a point from whence to argue ; so that should there hap pen a greater variation than of two or three or more in the hundred, at any certain pe riod in (he exchange, above or below what is called (he par or equally of the money of one country, to that of another, influenced iby the fluctuations, and circulations in trade; [it does not follow, that a trade is advantage ions, or disadvantageous, excepting inomen jtarily, if one may so say; which can be of [no consequence to the public, in general; as the trade from advantageous, may be jeome disadvantageous, and vice versa ; and, consequently, the deducing of reasons, from | v '-ha in its nature must be fluctuating, can ionlv help to embarrass, if not mislead. I To return to trade in general. Our prin ciples, we apprehend, may hold good for ail nations, and ought to be a tended to by the legisl itivc p ivver of every nation. We will not discuss every particular point: nor is it to our purp.se to examine the pretended principles or uiilily, whereon monopolies are generally established. That the wis dom d g ivernment should and nicely consider any proposed regulation, on these principles, we humbly judge to be self evi dent; wneieby may be seen, whether il co incides wi:h the general goo I. Solomon adviseth not to coun el wi ll a rner ■■ aim for gain, t his we presume, relates o the mer chant's own particular profit, which we rc ,peat, inn'-t ever be the spring of his actions, (i >vcnnment ouglit, notu to en deavour to procure particular inf umations ('on. every one ; not only In m those actu ally employed, or thu-e who have been con cerned iu particular branches of trade, but even from persons who may have | considered of it theoietically and specula tively. Perhaps, in general, it would be better if government, meddled no further with trade, than to prot-xl it, and let it lake its course. Most of the statutes or acts, edicts, arrets and p/nenrts of parliaments, princes ittad slates, for r gidating, directing or res training of trade, have we think been either | political blunders or Jobs, obtained by artful \me i for private advantage under pretence of public, good. When Colbert assembled some wise old merchants of France and de sired their advice and opinion, how he could best serve and promote commerce ; their [answer, after consolation, was in three words (only, Laissez nous faire: Let us alone.— It is said, hy a very solid writer of (he same nation, that he is well advanced in the sci ence of politics, who knows (he full force lof that maxim— Pas trap gouverner: Not lo govern too much. Which, pci h ips, would be of more use when applied iu trade, than in any other public concern. It were there fore lo be wished, that commerce was as I free between all the nations of (he world, j as it is between the several counties of Eng iland : so would all by mutual coinmunica jtion, obtain more enjoyments. Those coun ties do not ruin one another by trade ; nei ther would the nations. No naiim was c ver ruined by trade, even seemingly the most disadvantageous. I Wherever desirable superfluities are im ported, industry is excited, and therefore plenty is produced. VV ere only necessaries permitted tube purchased, men would work no more than was necessary for that purpose. Tew Doilavß kWwavA. 1 1 >\NVW VV from the subscriber on the 15 h I It. M>v I .is', a N (fro Woman named HAUIKI, j ’J or 24 years old, common sc/.e, her voice r.- Iter coarse; bright mulatto, she will try to pas ora free person—and I presume she It as a tree | .ass, written by a negro, who can write in the if ighb irliood. Any person who will deliver to !me said Negro, • r lodge her in s one .fail so lha j! gal her, vvd> icceive the ab -ve reward. .fames Story. J U’arresuon. (Ga.) July 1. 5; 3 [ NOTICE. - BIIIE Public are cautioned against trespassing . M- on the Douses and hots of the subscriber I I upper end of town—especially against hauling j and or caitb from the river bank or contiguous ’ lierstn. D veil and every person offending shall • have the law rigorously enforced against him of t them. t Hugh Nesbitt. ■> Jmu try 21 tit) YOU. ITMTHKR together or separately, a second ham l 2J CARRIAGE, and pair of hand-ome UAY -[ HORSES. I' R. H. Wilde. J July 5 6t 3 YAst of LoiieTs. Remaining in the POST OFFICE at Columbia 1 C. H. Geo. July Ist 1825. ‘ A 1 Jno S. Kelley, ' Elijah Anderson, j M ; I! j Thomas C. Martin, 2 - Tlioa. E Hurnside, 2 j Mrs. Agness Morfelt, I ones Blanchard, ) Mrs. Ann V. Marshall, Thomas Buwdre, I Mr. S. A. Mullen, 'Fm. Barrett, Jr. | Mr. Charles Murrak, , J no. Bradley, | Jabez P Marshall, In . Y. B.yles?, | John C. Morgan, Thomas J. Bowdre, J Thomas Malone, C 1 N ' E. W. Cidllliani, 3 | Peter L. Neal, ‘ P. Crawford, 2 5 0 E L Car lidge, | Win. H. Oakman, David Cooper, \ P D i Nicholas W. Pitts, John Day, | R ■liss Rebecca Day, | Elizabeth Ray Mr. Dearman, i R. It, Randolph, E \ T James Esliam, 5 V. B. Thompson, Jno, Eubanks, j.I. C. Tolbert, 2 F 5 James Taylor, 2 Wm. A. Fuller, ; A. Tierney, MissC. S. Few, ( V G I Daniel Vaughn, I no. Griffin, 2 | W H. Wm. A. Walsh, Francis Hammil, | John Wilkins, J \ Wm. Weigh', 8.-q. Walter Jones, J David Walker, K 1 John Willingham, Miss E. K ilingsworth, I Miss Maria Wilhorn, larah Keating, | Worainpful Master Har- Miss Adeline S. Ken- | mony Lodge No. 16. W. F. Wilkins, P. M. July 15 3t r 6 FOR HALF. V TRACT OF LAND tying in Baldwin Coun ty, formerly Wilkinson, No. 184, containing 20J1-2 Acres belonging to the Estate of the hue t.cwis M’Coy, deceased, and sold tor (he benefit f the Heirs of said Estate. —For terms &c. — Apply td George W. M’Coy. locust a, J'fJy 8, 1825 4t 4 Hhoriff’s Hale. Wid be sold on the fir.-a Tuesday in August next, ai the Court House door, in Waynes'oorougli, Bit ke county, within sale hours : One Gray Horse, levied on as the iruperu of A., xauder P. Lewi., to satisiy an Execution in favour of Patrick Sessions. AI.SI— I-275 Acres of Land, adjoining Land-. '( James Hines and others, lexica on as ; properly of diaries Kimbaf, to satisfy an Esi-c 1 .on in favour of Samuel Wilson. —also — Two .Negroes, viz : a negro wo sail narrud 1., no, and her child Jerry, levied on ■is ihe n peity of Michael Wiggins, deceased, sa isfy sundry J! fas from a Justices Court, in favour us Arthur it. 1, vs. the administrators o' •liCheal Wiggi-i-, deceased. John T. Forth, s. u, c. June 30. 1825 5t t 3 Administrator’s bale. Will be sclld on the firai . uesday in August next at the Court-House, in Waynesborough, by or der of the Honorable the Court of Ordinaly : Seven Negroes, viz: Monday, ten, itfrad, Pegg, rlenry, Jim and Arch, b.:L g ng to the estate of Gotten Merrill, deceased, ml to be sold for the benefit of the heirs and '.('editor* of said deceased. Comfort Merritt, Adni’rx. Uw'tce Conti/y Mav 3, 18 25 lot -r 91 Administrator’s hale. Vit! be st,l i on mo first Tue iday in August next, ai the Court-House in Franklin county, at the nsui-.l bout-3 : One .Negro, named Randal, of he Estate of William Edwards, deceased, sold in i-(l?r to make s division am mg the heirs of said Iccoased.— Terms made known on the day ol lie, George Stovall, Jldm’r. M y 24. 1825 101 -r 97 Administrator’s Hale. t ill be sold on Thursday the 25th day of Au guD next, at the residence of Jam *s Ponder, deceased, late of Scriven county, between the hours of len and four o’clock ; All tlie lieef Cattle belonging to the estate of the aaid deceased, consisting of about seventy f air head ( nore or less.) Sale to continue from day to day until the whole is sold. Terms Cash. George Robbins, Jldin’r. Sc' iven County Julv 4 1825. 5 Administrator’s Hale. On the first Tuesday in October next, will be sold »t the Court-Mouse in Wayne«b .rough, b permission of the Honorable the Inferior Couri ol Burke County : That tract of land known as No. 13, iu the sth district M 1 tos county, belong.ng 0 lb-- estate of Sarnn 1 Sax in, deceased, fertile benefit of the heirs and creditors William Saxon, and John Haxon, Adtn’rs. Unrke coun'y In v. 1825. 5 t 5 NOTICK. 4 Ll. persons indebted to the es'ate of John Ca. "V. hutukus, decease 1, are requested to make mmrdiate payment to the subscriber, and those having claims aga’nst the Slid estate, are required lo present them duly attested iu the form and vlthin the t-me nrescrib d bv 1 iw. Richard 11. Wilde, Adm’r. June 17 P2t 102 NT dice. TQIIE subscribers have connected tliemselve, ll in the practice of tl e LAW —they will uni nrmly alien 1 all the counties of the Northern ircuit, and the county of Franklin, of the We, ern Circuit, one of them will be generally found it tbeir office in Elbecton, where they will lak> leasurc in transacting the business of those who nay be unfortunate enough to be involved in the Law John A. Heard, Thomas J. Heard. January I, 1825 57 soissdiks&il AND STEAM UVI'IIS. DR. IIOUEL, • French Physician, respect fully informs the public, that he lias established S TEAM and MEDICAL BATHS in Augusta. The very high repute these Baths have acquired n Europe, where (although a late discovery) hey are to be found in every hospital, and the great cures they have performed in Boston, Phi iadelphia ami Charleston, can leave no doubt of their efficacy. The most gentle as well as the most powerful medicines are administered by that means, without any pain, trouble or disgust to the patient. They are a never failing remedy in all cutane ous affections; from Psora, Uingwonns, &c. to Scaldbead and Leprosy. They also have never ‘ailed of success in either acute or chronic rheu matism. In glandular obstructions, chlorosis, anasarcotts s wellings, incipient dropsy i in all diseases of the joints, gouty affections, dispersion of tumors, ill cured syphilis, spasmodic or nervous affections; in all bilious disorders, dyspepsia, hypocondriasis, •‘pilepsy—these baths have been found most ser viceable, and have often succeeded even in here dltary complaints. In fine, this manner of admin. ■ storing almost every remedy belonging to the healing an, may be rendered applicable to almost every case, and (it is repeated) without any pain, trouble, or disgust to the patient. As these baths are not yet generally known, Dr. lloufiL will be happy to give the most res pectable references to persons who have been cured by taking them. ■ The Steam fy Medical Bath Establishment, Is in Ellis-Street, opposite Mr. H. Healing’s Brick Moti ie, a id has an entrance in Broad-street immediandy opposite the city //oiel. Januarv 11 57 UEUlttit V Uichmond Comity. ; SUPERIOR COURT, May Term. 1825- ; Havs Bjwiiuk .Mortgage, 'j Petition for Fort- VS, | closure. Wilfam Fuller, administrator | of Charles Uealle, deceased, ~ and .Inhii W. Kealle and y Ilezekiah Itealleand others, heirs of the sa’d Charles, & { a tract of Land. J UPON the Petition of Hays Dowdre, praying toe foreclosure of the Equity of R demplion in a id to a certain Tract or parce l of Land, situate, i lying and being in the county of Richmond, and ‘ Slate of Georgia, on both sides of Butler’s Greek, . containing seven hundred acres, more or less, kn >wn as Beall’s mill tract. Bounded on the east by land belonging to said Bowdrcatid others, • southwardly by Ligcn’s land, and northwardly by * lands belonging to Robert Crawford or his In irs, ’ which said land was mortgaged by said Oh rlos lienlle in his life time to the said Hays Howdre, o i the fit eenth day of April, in the year ol our Lord 1821, to secure the payn-.eitt of a pro mi so ’ ry Note signed by said Charles, for the rum of ) nine hundred stud seventy-seven dollars, and due . the first day of January last, and the interest that 1 might accrue thereon; and the sum of nine hun dred and seventy-seven dollars, and interest from die first day of January last; being now due on said m irtgage. Now to wit, at May Term, 1825. On motion, oi' John P; King, attorney for Peti tioner, it is ordered by the Court, that the prin ciple, iiUerejo and cos's, due on sanl mortgage, >e paid into Court within twelve month < irom the date hereof, or from henceforth the Equity of red; rn .tion will lie forever barred and fore closed, and the mortgaged premises acid in terms , f the law. And it is further ordered. That a copy of this Rule be published in one of the public Gazettes j if the Gi'y of Augusta, at 1 -ast once a month ut il the time appointed lor payment, or served up ui the Representatives and Heirs of the said Charles, a' least six months previous to tne time he money is directed to be paid. 'Fine extractJrom the minutes. James M’Laws, Cleric. June 7, 1825. linl2u 99 GF/lßt.l \. Uichmond County. I" By the Honorable the Cowl of Ordinaly of the County of Uichmond i To all whom it may concern. WiEREAS Nathan h. Beni, administrator, de bonis non, on the- estate of tb z kinh Btal, deceased, late of said county, has applied to this Court for Letters Distnisjory. These ate therefore to rite and admonish all and singular the kindred and creditors of the said deceased, to fiie their objections (if any they "ave) in the office of the Clerk nt said Court tut . or before the first Monday in November neat, otherwise Letters Dismissory will be granted to him. Witness the Honorable Samuel Hole, one of the Judges of said Court, this 12dt day of April, 1825. lira Isaac Herbert, CP Ic. Os the Court of Ordinary GEORGIA, Burke County By the Honorable the Court of Ordinary of Burks County. To all whom it may concern. W illiam Sapp and Phemcy Sapp, 1* administrator and administratrix, on the i es'ate o( Philip Sapp, late of said county, de ceased, have applied to this Court for letters Dis missory. These are therefore to cite and admonish all I ml singular the kindred and creditors of the said deceased, to fi'e their objections (if any <liey nave) in the office ot the Clerk of said Court, on ir bes ire the first Monday in January next, other wise letters Dismbsory wili be granted to them. Witness the Hir.orsb'e Att ni Pemb rton, one of the Justices ol said Court, this 7th March, 1835. t J Batmiel Sturges, CPk. Os the Court of Or liuartt. - * _____* ‘ (tKOIKtIA, ii nr Ice County. I By the Hon. the Court of Or dm,try of said County, TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCURS. \i WHEREAS James Anderson, Executor of the j Estate of Elisha Anderson, deceased, ar ias I'estamentary Guardian of Virginia G. Ande - Ison, has applied In said Court for letters Dismis sory. Now therefore, these are to cite and admonish all and singular tbs kindred and creditors of the, said deceased, to file their objections (if any they nave) in the office of the clerk of this Court, on j or before the first Monday in January next, other ‘ wise letirrs dsmis-ory will be granted. Witnvss the Honorable .1 -mes Torrance, one of the Justices of said C turi, this 2d Mav, 1825 6m Samuel Sturges, Cleric VVautecl at this office, a young lad fro *i 15 to 16 )cars of age, ol industrious hab ills as an apprentice to the Printing Business.