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President in tins, us in every other case in which tiie authorities ol Georgia have com plained id the conduct of his Agents, has determined to rcler the subject to the con sideration of Congress—a decision as unex pected as unsatisfactory, it is the transfer of a matter by the President who alone has the absolute control over it,to the Congress which has no such control. The President has authority to dismiss at pleasure the of fending officer, or if a military one, to ol der a court for his trial, whilst the Congress of the United States lias no such power.— 'The utmost the Congress can do in an ex treme case is, to impeach the officer it im peachable if not, repeal the law creating the office, and thus indirectly removing the incumbent, but without having any securi ty that lie would not be immediately ap pointed to another office or restored to the same office if it should be re a labli.-hed by law. Having submitted in detail narrative of the events to which our relat ms , ’.litre United States have given rise, and • d the motives and principles wl ha\ «v --erncil the conduct of the Kxecr ave > ’,i uigii oiit.it is left to your wisdom ’.ode- i>, upoiij the measures necessiry and ■ p> i s<y>-J tain the honor and delend the rights nmi > independence ol the State, it is coniident ly believed that neither the Constitution, die public law, or the usage of nations will justify an abrogation of the Treaty, and it, is recommended to you therefore in any and everv event to consider as heretofore the Indian claims to the territory as effectually extinguished by it, and that whether the survey be suspended or not, to order the occupation of it on the day stipulated in that instrument, in the same manner as you would have done it ils validity had not been questioned. In the correspondence submitted to (he Legislature at their late extraordinary ses sion, will be found tbe repeated and final resolution ol tbe Cherokee* never to aban don the territory (bey occupy within our lim its. This resolution may be satisfactory to the government ol the United States—lt cannot be so to you. Haying taken theirs, it remains (oryou intake yours, and in do j ing so no time is to be lost. Your betteri judgement will gugcpl and approve the reni-j edy. W hatever it, may be, I recommend to you to adopt, early and energetic mea sures for the removal of all white, persons and others, not Indians, inhabiting that ter ritory, with the exception only ot such as are necessarily employed in the service ol the United States, under the power granted to Congress to regulate commerce with the Indian tribes. By the secqnd article 01, agreement and cession, you will find the following words inserted by our commis sioners oat of abundant caution —Tbe Uni ted Slates “ cede to the State, of Georgia whatever claim, right or title (hey may have to the jurisdiction or soil ol those lands ” Nothing remained to the Indians, therefore, but (lie right of temporary occupation fori hunting. Tiiis right has been construed so 1 liberally, that in practice a general usulruc tu iry interest lias been conceded to them. But this reservation of hunting grounds is. '■ confined to the Indians exclusively, and 1 designed for (heir use and benefit only.— | 'The soil and jurisdiction being in Georgia, 1 it was no more lawful for the United States 1 to introduce other persons there, than it 1 would have been for them to have introdu- * red within the .settled limits ol Georgian* colony ol free persons of color,of Indians, 1 or of white people. The utmost allowable to the United Slates in this respect was the settlement within the territory ol such ol ( their own officers, as were necessary to t carry into effect their acknowledged power c in regulate commerce with the, Indians.— li The United States have nevertheless by! i permission, .toleration, or encouragement,; i introduced there from time to time, white; < persons and others who have made settle- i incuts, exercised ownership over the soil, t and cultivated it in the same manner as ii i the United Slates, and not Georgia, pos ! i sessed the right of soil and j irisdiction ; 1 and these very same, perrons, as it is cnnfi denllv believed, have been chiefly instru- i mental in preventing the Indians from ; leaving the country ; all such persons there-1 fore, are to be considered as trespassers and intruders upon the soil of Georgia and treat ed accordingly. This is the theory and practice of the United Sta'es Government itself with regard to its own lands. Inj every instance where the United Slates have claimed the soil and jurisdiction,! whether the Indians be in the occupation or not, the government has exercised the pow-[ er to treat all such persons as tiespassers and intruders, and an act of Congress au-I thurises the President to expel them at the point of the bayonet. It is equally compe tent to the government of this state to a dopt like measures for the removal of tres passers on her own soil, and for lids pur pose baling made the necessary statutory provisions, it is recommended to you to, ext- u 1 the laws of Georgia over the country.! Non have seen bow our rights of sow | reignitv—those of tbe elective franchise,' ol territory, and jurisdiction, lunc been in fringed—ll umu 1 see the same rights viola-J luted, in the independence, character and dignity of the constituted autlmrties occu pied m the management ol our affairs. A special officer was commissioned bv' the President to enquire into the conduct of the Agent for Indian Affairs, who on presenting himself here, was received in' the most friendly t 'mprr, and with assur ance thatevery assistance would bei’euder-j ed to promote the object of his mission— ■ not doubting that the object, as he repeat i eilly professed, was justice to all the par, ties concerned, to the public, to his own . government, to Georgia, to the Indians, ■ and to the officer implicated—Any ,deport i ment which might be construed into a dis position to bias or mislead him was studi oiisly avoided —all information required promptly furnished, and not a suspicion admitted (bathe could haye been actuated 1 » ! iy other than honorable motives, until in a • conversation which a gentleman in the con li lence of the Governor was instructed to I bold with him, he betrayed every .strong ; prepossession in favor of the Agent, so much so, and at so early a period, that with an intention to apprize his Government of the fact, a letter was addressed to him mar ched (B.) which, with his answer marked • fC.) are submitted, in the latter you will {find repeated professions of impartiality and !’jdisinterestedness ; but you will soon per il ceive in his after conduct and writings, the hollowness and insincerity of tlieiu. They and the report of the Stale Commissioners [shew that the Special Agent came here, not |to enquire into the conduct of the Ag’t Jot Indian Affairs, but as council or attor iney to advise with him—to lend him aid and countenance, to collect testimony for his vindication and acquittal, and without [giving eai to his testimony against him, to pronounce that acquittal as honorably for himself, and the prosecution as disgraceful to all the parties concerned in it ; seeking lor this purpose, with great labor and assid uity, the evidence of the outcasts of society, wherever lie could find it, and thus embo dying lor himself and his government, a I volnm of impure*! matter,by which to justi ly that acquittal. His impatience would not permit him to wait the closing of the testimony on either side, as you will see in ' Ins letter, ol the 21st June,addressed to the ' Agent and published by him. U was this 1 letter proving incontestibly that the ques tion had been prejudged at Washington, 1 and that a farce had been playing on ly to i amuse the authorities of Georgia, which de I cided the Executive to address to him the < j note of the 28th June, instructing him to : jhold no farther conespondence with this < j Government. Tiie letter of the 4t.h of; July was subsequently addressed to this!] Department, in which, alter justifying bis i offensive one of the 21st June, he insults i the authorities of Georgia by referring the i prosecution ol the Agent to the most cor- i nipt ami reprehensible of motives, and by I •he effected charity with which he excepted t the chief Magistrate from the charge, gave i poignancy to Ids denunciation, and to his • sentence a semblance of a legal character, : as if pronounced by a competent Magis- i ♦ rate from the judgment seat. It was not i until after the return of this officer to i Washington that lie caused to be published i under the eye ot Ids Government tiie decla- i ration “ that he was informed by the act- i ing Agent for Indian Affairs, that the < Commissioners of Georgia had i irried with ( them into the Nation a large amount of mo- i ney, say four to six thousand dollars,” I strongly insinuating at the same time, that | this money was carried there for the pur- i poses ot bribery and corruption A charge I against this branch ot the Government cun- ■ nucte.il with the administration of the finan- i ccs. so serious, proceeding from such a per- i son, and made in a form so specific, de- \ serves your attention, and the more be cause the truth nr falsehood of it can be ca- i sily established j Another Special Agent hid been deputed • to this Government in a civil and military 1 capacity, to investigate the cauys of the disturbances in the Indian country—to re- t move the causes ofdiscontent and to recoil- ( cile the contending parties. He likewise t was recieved with the most friendly dispo sitions and treated with all the respect due:, to hi- rank and character. He professed L to be animated by th ■ love of truth and jus-! c tice, tube in tiie interest ol no party, and it in the execution of his trust tube governed by the dictates of duty only. Not doubting! j the sincerity of the-o professions the aid t and co-oppe.ration of the Executive of Geor- | gia in promoting the objects of his mission , were cheerfully tendered and would mi J have been uffnded to any ex’- t 1 tent within the powers of the Department. | The first manifestation given bv this officer , jot dislike or aversion to the authorities of!, eorgia which ha- come to tli • knowledge of, i j the Executive will be found in the represen- , | lation ot the Commissioners, and in the;, letter of the other Spicial Agent, in which,i[ j speaking of bis obnoxious letter of tbe 21stj |»t June, he says, “the letter is appro- ( I bated by a man who for wisdom stand-; interior to few, and in honor to none.” —ft the inlerence was correct that the per son alluded to by the writer was the sam ■ Agent whose conduct is the subject of this review, it is certain that even at that time he could not have entertained for the au thorities ol Georgia those respectful senti ! meats which lie professed and which in du |ty he was bound to entertain ; for in that! j obnoxious letter those authorities were de-| j nounced It oppression, partiality and in-! . justice ot the most llagrant kind practised j against (he Indian Agent. Go the lOih day of! (July he wrote a letter to the Governor en-! losing a certilica eof the Indian chief Mar shall, and a white nun named Edwards to disprove tiie tact ot Mclntosh a id his coun : oil having given their assent to the suivey.j 1 This offi er could not hive offered a greater! insult to any Independent Government. Hej iltad seen the public message in which the as^ sent of Mclntosh and his chiefs had been announced to the Legislature, and the in contestable evidence on which the annuncia tion was founded. Disregarding the au thority of both, and professing to rely on the testimony of such persons as Marshall and Howards, known to him to be infamous, he informs the Governor that no such assent was ever given. In aggravation of this in sult before any notice was taken of it, he causes the same letter with the certificate to be published on his own authority, alleging as ids excuse that falsehoods ami calumnies, by whom or about what he did not inform us, were propagated ; thus making his ap peal to the public fnmj the pretended rumor of the day.lor the purpose of bringing the au thorities of Georgia into disrepute with their own people and separating the people from their government, lie was soon in formed that he himself was the dupe of the certificate of Marshall and that his own conduct was reprehensible in relying on it to reproach the Government of Georgia with misrepresentation and falsehood, and of this his Government and tlie public were soon after furnished with abundant proof.-- When this officer is rebuked for an indig-j nity which could with no propriety pass with out censure, lie looses all self-command and I forgetting his own station and that of the! person to whom he addresses himself, writes] letter alter letter to the chief Magistrate,l couched in the most offensive language, and i which for their manners as well as matter, and the immediate publicity given to them' through the gazettes must have been inten-j ded as electioneering papers ti subserve! the cause of oneol die contend! ig parties ini the Stale, to 'he prejudice of the other an inference deriving abundant confirmation .from the fact that the same officer was ini practice in the common inlerc urse of soci ety of applying to the chief Magistrate and others in authority the most contumelious and abusive epithets. As no further intercourse could be held with him without cumpromittin' the dig d ty o( the state, it was in the first i istance for bidden, and when afterwards he had pro ceeded to the greatest extremtv, his recall arrest, trial and punishment were demanded ol his government. The Executive of the , State would have been warranted by the!: public law and practice of nations in a ! case so flagrant to have ordered him top leave the territory of Georgia, and to have l enforced that mder. It was unwilling to | resort tia measure of harshness or severi ty however justifiable. The United States * Government itself is not less tenacious of ! its own dignity than others. It lias at least on one occasion interdicted intercourse with . a foreign minister of first grade, represent ing a European power of first rank, for j merely contradicting it abruptly, aid the, eq-ullj merited treatment ol another min- ( isier, representing a first rate power for ap- , peals to the people from their Government is well known to you. More recently the ( gallant Porter has been punished by his! G ivernment for insulting the petty autbo i ! lies of Foxardo, and for making an ippe.alji Irmu that government through the public! prints much less exceptionable than tuatij made by this ofli ;er in ih • publication of his;, let erot the IChh.laly, Whether the con stituted authorities oi Georgia are of in ire or less importance th in those of Fixard • * in the view of the G meal G ivernment ! will be seen in the answer of the President. I he answer of the President tu the demand ' ol the Governor of Georgia for his recill and arrest is .is little creditable to the func- * tionary from which it comes, as satisfacto ry to the one to whom it is addressed. ! i I he President is bound by every consti- i tutional obligation to execute the laws. One ol these laws declares that “ any offi- t cer or soldier who shall use contemptuous i or disrespectful words against the chief t magistrate or legislature of any of the’f states, if a c inmissioned officer shall be,t cashiered.” Tne President this officer to have used contemptuous and!( disrespectful words, for which his conduct I is simply disapproved, and lie is informed! | that if the G ivernor of this State had not ( previously used toward him offensive lan- , guage the demand would have been compli- j ed with. Sj that acc >rding to this construe- i lion of the President his military officers!] uuy conduct tiiemselves as they please|j within the jurisdiction of the respective'; states—no matter how exceptionably, and', the least reprehension or censure by the chief magistrate ot a State, is their suffici-i ent warrant to retort in abusive and insult- 1 | ing language, and to gratify tlieir resent ments, even at the expense of the indepeu-t jdeuce of the elective franchise---a con-| Utruction which makes the lawanulity, be- , cause it privileges the military officer lotlol that which but for the law he might legally! have done—-insult the chief magistrate of a State as he would insult a private citizen] for any real or imaginary grievance—a pri-| vilege which the law was intended to pro-1 'mbit to him—-Hut the fact assumed by the 1 i President at true, is not true---Nothing of j tensive was written to (bis officer before he had three several times offended the digni 1 (y of this Government, viz : bv bis appro -1 bition of the offensive terms of the letter of 1 the other Special Agent, by his disrespect ■ fnl treatment of the commissioners, and by his procurement and p iblicati m of the false item mt of M trail all and Edwards. Tnis •exposition of the law by the Executive ot •'the Unit ’d States w'il satisfy you ot tne ex ' pediency of depending on your own mea dsurcs for defence against the repetition ol ■ | -such outrages. The Governor of Georgia denies the right of the President to excuse or justify bis officer in the violation of a law of the U. States which he is bound to execute, be cause of any act or supposed act of the Go vernor which is in violation of no law. The President by such excuse or justification takes the place of the Agent, and when in one of bis authorized communications he says, “ there is no part of his duty which the President more anxiously pursues than that of maintaining the moss scrupulous decorum in his official intercourse with the state authorities, a line of conduct from which no circumstances however aggravat ed, have or will tempt him to depart,” he only means that what he does not choose to do by himself, he will do by his Agent. The published addresses of the different Agents are submitted with the rest only to shew the unity of feeling, sentiment and action which has signalized the deportment of United States officers of every grade in: their intercourse with the Government of Georgia. It can be submitted to no longer —the sovereignty, independence end dig nity ot the State must be maintained, ami Ito support them you must depend on your ■ own means. I advise you therefore, to have recourse to those means: no matter j whom you place in authority, all strangers j must be compelled to respect in their exte-l ( rior demeanor at least, those authorities. , Plie sacredness of the elective franchise | can be protected by regarding every private! (person not a citizen of Georgia who inter-j [feres with that freedom as an alien and] [stranger, violating a right of sovereignty) | anil exposing himself to punishment. If! an officer of the United Slutes not being a citizen of Georgia, he renders himself the mire obnoxious from the double capacity in [which he offends that sovereignty, and if an ; ilfi cer representing his Government in a di plomatic character before this Government, he can he made amenable under the sanc tions of your own laws, and the laws and usages of nations for offences committed a gaiost either, and to this end you have only to define the character of the offence and to prescribe the punishment. In the expose of the State of our rela tions with the General Government, other [grievances minor and secondary in import jance are adverted to not for the purpose of accumulating wrongs into a formidable mass, [and making an appeal the louder and deep [er to the justice of that Government, but to satisfy our fellow-citizens that if we have complained in vain, we have not complain- 1 ed without cause, ami that our cup of bit- ] terness is almost full. Tic militia claims for services rendered 1 thirty years ago in defence ol the State a- ■ gainst Indian hostilities, by authority of the General G ivernment, are yet unsatisfied al- 1 though constantly urged, whilst similar claims of other states, but of mare doubt ful justice hive been recognized. Die claims of our citizens against the jCrcek iation admitted by the Treaty of the |in li in Springs of 1821, to the amount of dJO.OK) dollars, although rendered for a [larger amount, have boon curtailed by arbi-l ;ti;iry rules prescribed bv the United States: Tor the settlement of them to 100,000 dol lars, by which sne places m her own tieasu ry in defiance of our repeated remonstran ces 1.50,0)0 dollars, thus depriving the claim ants of a benefit to that amount, which according to every rational construction of■ ihe instrument was intended by all the par ties to it to enure to them only, and which could not by any construction bo carried to the credit of the United States. To our re pe lie I remonstrances against this decision, it has been answered, that the decision was ma le ami could not be reconsidered. 1 ae G ivernment of Georgia had reason to expect that the United States would not refuse their concurrence and co-operation in the running ot the line between this State aid the State of Alabama—lst, because they were proprietors ot the soil on one side of it---and 2 1, because Georgia was concern ed that the presence and authority of the United States should be a security to the Indians that their right should be respect ed---a security which would save to Geor gia the expense of a military force in the prosecution of the work, as the Indians in the absence of that security might be exci-j jted by evil disposed persons to interrupt! jits execution, The President in the first [instance signified no objection to a co-ope ration but the one founded on a mistake in ■ fact, that Alabama had not given her as sent. Subsequently, however, the co-ope ration was declined, it being as was said, ja matter in which Georgia and Alabama were alone concerned, and with wnich the 'United S ates had nothing to do. Morel [recently, as you are informed, the State has' been absolutely forbidden at her peril to en-, [ter her territory for the purpose of running! a line or making a survey of any descrip tion ; the sum of all which is, that the Uni ted Stales claim for themselves the power to enter upon their territory wherever the ' soil and jurisdiction are in them—to set file there whom they please, and to expel ‘iwhom they please, even al the point of the I bayonet, but deny the same power to Geor 'Jgia where the soil and jurisdiction are in flier, ami forbid her under the pain of milita ry chastisement to run a line or make a stir- I’jvey there. I'be late correspondence with i the Governor of Alabama will shew that we ".may soon expect the concurrence ol tha' '* State in our resolution to run the line, am fit is very d-sirab'e that no further obstach f should lie suffered to prevent its execution. j \ request made Ij the Ki . ulive of the United States, unde ' mtfUwniy #l 9- rayulutivA •! tlie Legislature lt> »vii this state ib running the dividing hue between it aud me lernU ry of Florida was also refused on the allegation that Congress had made no provision fur such co-operation. A resolution of the Legislature instructing the Governor to au thorise the survey of the intermediate country with a view of connecting by a canal or road or both, the waters of the Gulf and Atlantic —a work of not less importance to the Union than the connexion of the two seas by the isthmus of Panama, and oi most easy execution, has not been carried into effect. The o piuton ot the Executive on this subject has been made known to the Legislature. The authorities of Georgia cannot pass beyond their own limits into the territory of any other Slate or of the United States, for any such objects without committing trespass, and it is not understood that the moat psacticable line of commu nicalion between the two waters would fall wholly within the jurisdiction of Georgia, in truth, this is most appropriately a work fur the United Stated, without any constitutional hindrance lor impediment; a short cut through her own soil would accom plish it, and the whole Union would immediately partake the benefits. The attention of the President had been invited to this subject beiore, and whilst he acknowledged the great impor tance of the work; it is not known that any measures have been taken in relation to it. His attention was called at the same lime to the practicability of uniting the eastern and western waters by a canal turning the base of the Appalachian moun tains at their southern extremity, an operation of more ebvioua utility, than the contemplated one for connecting the Chesapeake and Ohio. A promise was given that this also should receive early consideration, but nothing more has been heard of it.— Without bringing into question here the powi|t of the General Government to make canals at pleasure within the jurisdiction i ot the slates.it would perhaps be more advisable for the Slate Governments to depend for internal improvements on their own powers and resources, and 1 am happy to inform you that the stale ot Tennessee having a common interest with ourselves, has given unequivocal indications of her willingness to co-operate I with us in tins undertaking. We have continued assurances that •|a civil engineer oi competent qualifications may soon be com maaded lor the service of Slate. To give you au outline of the -1 views ol the Executive on the general subject, 1 have caused tile instructions, which in the absence of the Legislature, would have been given him, to be laid before you. And here permit me to suggest the policy of applying a portion of the fund set apart lor Ini rnej Improvement to the construction of roads which shall so traverse tfie country as to make the communication be tween the different counties ana the commercial towns more sate, easy and expeditious Considering climate and localities, it may be deemed expedient to invest the capital in a descrip 110,1 ot labor whicn under proper direction would not only be cf jlicieul lor tnc accomplishment of the work, but could be ultimate ly made to return to the treasury a large proportion of the amount invested. : Ine annual reports of the several banks have been received, land are submitted. ' They all continue to sustain the credit of Uheir paper circulation, with the exception of the Bank of Da mien, whose currency has depreciated and is depreciating; the -causes ol wiiiuu with tile remedy will claim your early and seri ous mvcsugjitiou. The public interest demands that the bank should immediately resume specie payments, and you cun easily believe that the lender by the state of depreciated money to ilt citizens is nut in conformity with right and that to those of them who are obliged to receive it a positive wrong is done. It is sincerely hoped that a revision of our militia system will no longer be delayed. Tou bear constant testimony to its nu merous detects! The single fact that on a late occasion it be came necessary to forge an organization by coercing under mil itary penally, private citizens to accept brevets in cases where the companies had failed i elect officers, and which by the con tagion of example were so multiplying as to threaten a total dis organization, will be aloud, sufficient command your serious attention to this revision. It is again recommended to you to establish a Court of Errors oi of Appeals and upon the principles suggested in my late com munication to the Legislature. Jhe people seem more and more disposed to give to this necessary change in our judicial, system the sanction of their approbation ; and indeed, it is one which sooner or later must be adopted with the hearty concurrence of t ie- great body ot them, as a remedy for evils no longer tolerable. I .transmit as a matter of duty, two resolutions of the Legisla lures of Connecticut and Illinois, received since the late Extra aessidn, recommending to the Congress aud to the stales the a •-option ot slavery. gibing has transpired to change my sentiments on a subject to wnicj more than once it has been made my duty to Call your attention, It js my seized conviction, aud the more confirmed t i an e\ er, that neither the other states nor the Congress have any *i‘, tto bring that subject ioio question before them in any form, and that every aflimpl to do so by either should be regarded in tbe same manner as an attempt to destroy your sovereignty, of winch uis an.essential part, and that you will have no security 1 ' jC Property against the efforts which will be made irorn lime to time to impair its value, and eventually destroy it, but in the equally settlea conviction on the part of the assailants that you will ueten Ijt as you would defend your lives. Independently of j any precautionary measures, whch you may deem proper for the permanent safety of mis properly, every proposition which may, be.addressed to you on the subject, cither by the state or the U mted Stales authorities, being unpoiislitutional on the face of h as it cannot be received otherwise than offensively, and conse quently ought not Ij be,received at all, should be returned to the authorities from which it emanated. 1 be various resoinu-ns of the Legislature to be carried into eltcct by the Executive power, are either already executed, or in a course of execution. It is gratifying- to observe the multiplication of institutions for the instruction ol youth in every quarter of the stale, founded ei aer public or private contribution, aud cherished by au at eui leoliug iu the cause ot mental improvement with winch eve ry class o I Hie community seems to be animated. r ranklin College, in an onward course of prosperity, with a welt organised, b.d not amiiuruus faculty, possessing the requisite capability, and giving to itieir usefulness the nure extension by •ui harmonious concert of action, seci,.wiih pri le her alumni as leadj re lie cling honor on her, from the various pursuits and occu pations of life from the learned professions and the legislative hall, and can rest content that she will receive at all tunes, as sue deserves, the patronage ol tue Legislature. The county aca demies increase in uuin >er and respectability, and sustained eve is whereby the public favoc, they cannot tail, witu 1 moral en s ii wineuls from the Legislature to lluunah universally. , ll,; F oor school fund, uas been eagerly, sought by nil the coun- j 11 ‘• U " 1 whether beneficially applied m all, is d >ublful. In re- I viewing this part of the systeih, you wiil do well t» adopt such I general regulations of a permanent char to ter. as can be accarn- J lUut a good administration 1 1 tlicu: to the local cir uin- I stances ol each county. The provision which requires the trus jtce» who render service without compensation, to give bond and security, will perhaps he found to tax public spirit 100 heavily, l‘i u jl ,na y * n some instances defeat the execution of Hie law. ( u ol,r lamented differences with the United Males, me cm hi luted authorities of Georgia have been ungenerously reviled.— "'•nitiineuts and feelings have been adopted for them to which tueir hearts and uud -i landings are strangers. !h charge of hostility to ihe Union is. indignantly repelled- Georgia is not be held the Iqreirnst ol b.-r sisters in devotion to the Union—>he is laboring at this moment to cement and perpetuate tint Union, by bringing it back Ip the principles of the constitution.---\tfe mean .i Union ol definite signification—a constitutional Union for all. constitutional objects—-A iJuion for safety, for security of life, liberty and property A Union to enforce the powers of the General Government, as well as to protect and defend the right* and powers of the stales—A Union which means something, and which we love and cherish as a blessing. But the Union winch is construed to mean any thing or every thing-—a Union lor absorption and consolidation, which would prescribe no lim its to the powers of one government, but the general welfare, and which would reduce the pow-'rs of aJI the rest to a shadow of sovereignty, which claims supremacy and exacts obedience— which construes the constitution for itself and issues its mandates to the states, hacked by the purse and sword—winch threatens to decide for us what is property and what is not property, and whether We shall hold any property of a certain kind or not which sends its officers and agents to insult and defy the puolic functionaries ol the states, as il they were subaltern in rank and consequence to themselves-- Such a Union is not the Union adopted by the stales, and it is believed is not such a one as the states will support. The Chief .Magistrate especially disclaims any other motive as the governing one of his conduct, than the smeerest attachment to the Union, without tincture of prejudice against the persons who compose the councils of the United j States, hot on the contrary with the strongest predispositions to give every aid and support to those councils to promote the , peace, interest and happiness of the country, j It is assert'**, w.ihoul tear ct contradiction, that since Geor |gi.i was a party to the Revolution, the confederacy or the Union, she has fulfilled with sincerity and fidelity all her obligations and engagements. In peace and in war, under whatever administra tion, not merely answering with promptness to every requisition, >ui according lo her meam sustaining that government with as 4 muen vigor and patriotism as any of her sisters—as little querul ous as any of them—more complying than most of them, and nevei bringing into question the constitutionality of its ordinances or decrees, but when from the honest impulses ol her heart, and the strongest convictions of her judgment, she has believed them unconstitutional. Ii opposed loauy particular administration, it ihs been an opposition ol Irani*ness and firmness, if with these characteristics always honorable sue has at any time mixed a spice ol indignation, it may wall have been pardoned by the head and members of a family who cannot themselves claim exemp .(lion Irom the frailties ol our nature, and who when honor and ~ principle were at slake might have seen a color of virtue in a j momentary departure from in-.ckn ;ss. humility and patience. But ■ i Georgia can still contend that in respect to all questions of mere .interest, to which her connexion with the Union may have given (.rise, she has discovered as little of selfishness, as much of gene ■! rosily and ot forgiveness as could be expected from a sovereign laud independent Slate claiming rights of properly of great value • j demanded by the wants ot her citizens, and indispensable to the complete organization of her social system. Georgia has not j demanded justice of the Federal Government in tier day of tribo \ I lation, of difficulty and of embarrassment, in war, or in the midst jot divided councils, but at u moment when with an ample trea sury, at peace with all nations, and prosperous beyond example, J she. had her option to do us justice, or refusing it, to present a I military chest and armed men.—if the United States choose to ■' ‘"'-‘v ou l^ese ai, d Georgia taking council of her fears shall rnak* _ un "Ki J’rious surrender of her rights, what will remain of the truit ot her toil and blood and public virtue, but a consolidated \ government, in which the sovereignty and independence of the stales being merged, nothing is left her but the power of a muni cipal corporation to settle the strifes and contentions of individiN _ als within the treedorn of it. By encroachment on the one side, and acquiescence on the II other, every day brings us nearer to this result ; and if we can j not find safety in the first principles of the Constitution, we cau j und it no where. ll! Tour fellow-citizen, cl G. M. TROUP, le , The 24th of November is appointed by ler Gov. Pauris as a day of Public rhanke u. giving in the Stale of Maine.