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ABSTRACT OF THE IHOORAPHi OF STEPHEN Q 111 A HI). Stephen Guard was born in die vicinity c! U ndc ux, Fi ance, ou May 24, 1750, and inhibited from his parents nothing, save the cm non t»a -» of exis'ence II > receive ! bat : s in eI anil narrow education—a nr comstance to which I is anxi iy to remove this difficulty from the pi'hsot others. m y perhaps be ascribed. At the early ago of LG , or 12 years, he left France f n the West i Indies, as a cabin b i ; ai d after a short , lapse of time, we trace him along Ina "bscure i.nd humble path to the ciiy of Now-York. H o e lie co tinui’d o sail a* a cabin boy and np; r.'iricc for Mr, J unes llmdall, to whom a -activity and fidelity g ettly cndearedl and giadu-illy rising in his profession, v v hen Mi. Rand ill discontinued going to sea,, a was promoted to the command of a small! v ,ss 1 trading to N-w 0 leans. In all these conditions he slowly accumulated lus small g'ine—and the money winch once bee me hi 8, not only never left him, but by Ins ac tivity and i .das ry was niide parlific to an extent ami'St unparalleled In ihs trifling fdve itureg which at this time he was ena Led 'o make, lie was uniformly successful, | 4 d so convinced was he ul his lucky Star, j th t he never conceived the probib my ulj fflisfortooe, ami seldom by insurance ori| Otherwise, lessened his gams to reodei them , ce i . In the ye r 17d9, he first visied > Philadelphia, where he e»l blished himself in bu i' jfS' to W m i-street, & was even then i repu ml a thriving man. lie here became IJ acq i imp d wi h Mis- Polly Lum, who, tho’ j humble i i life, is represented by a reminis-h cent f lend of ours, who knew her iniimiie- i Jy, as by no means d-slilu'e eitli r of p r , sonal o me ital atnacione. H r charm i attracting the ass c i >ns of the ascent vota- | ry ol P aius le married her. the maloti, i however, was unfortunate. The temper id i Guard wa» severe ami na able, and but li:- j tie open to those gentle irnsibilities n qui lite l ui felicity m ihe m.nied s ale. Tney frequently dift’ired, soraelimea as it woulo seem from jial usy. During the revolution ary war, seveial ‘{ficem of 'ho Americai army left thee imp to ace "Guam’s hand Some wife,” and drink some of his cider, fm he never despised nor pas-.ed an oppnr mu ty of turning a penny, and among Ins vari ous expedien », (he sale of bi tied liq i.i v/is one. While Guard’s bmk was lurncd, one of them clVed, per nips by the liq-ioi unit iliinking that the cherry lips of the piet ly Polly deserved a more devout homage than Girard was willing to pay, wa'ched in opportunity, & nodi mg n*.h, giv tier several win in and living t lutes. I’tie outraged da me informed her ho .band of th.a iosut ; and Gna iis s.dd to have demanded an i apology, which ihe g-ntlhmin ol c> urse . nude, pleading the hilin y ot the jnoment. , Sui h circums a> c's, however infii g. when t frequent, chtiot but excite some alaim with i a husband conscious d the p ss ssi >o ol no | charm, bulily or m total, outside his money chest. »v hei GiTard hid childien, none ol , whom, howevei su.viv dtheir infancy. Th y lived veiy uohappi'y t« go,th r until 179-h ] when his wife was p aced ."i the I*. nu«yi Varna Hospital . lunatic, Hoc remained in that instnu ton u nil her death, which link p'ace in 1815, 25 years alter h r confine meat, His biographer, Mr. Simpson, thus describes her brutal i As soon as Giraid was informed of the < dcstli ol his wife he proceeded to the h ispit-j «1, and give directions to have hi r b.r iy in | terreJ, where it now repose-; icquesting to be sent lor ivlrn every pivpaia ion foi the burial had been completed. Towards t.he close of he cLy, after the sen had wi hdrawu his las' b onus from the sycamore that shades the gtrdeu, M .G 'linl v/a* ml he; nid when he arrived, the plain c ffi iol Mary Lum was carried for.v.rd to her humble testing place, in profound silence, the burial was conducted as er the manner of the Friands, who have the management of the I list) u i ioit. After a silence of a few minu es, the coflin wbb loweted into the grave when another silent pause ensued Girard then boot over the c fS,u anil bi-Aiow d n last look upon his deceased wile, fore tniuut'j then leaving the grave, observed to Samuel Coats—"Si is veiy well;” and iin - mediately returned home. In 1782, hs look a lease fur ten years oil s range ol stores and dwellings in Water street, n >rth of the house in which he died H ' entered about this time in partnership wi h his brother John, who had arrived in this city, asd hey cam cl n business suc cessfully, trading to th • AVest 1 nlica, un til 1809 when. i » consrouence of some dro rtgi cineiit they aepiiated. At this time blephen Girard was worth only g3O 000, *o gradual was his ascent to fortune. As er this his career in the race of wealth be cam# more nipi I, rv-ry thing he touched turned into gold His en’erpiise was al tviyi cowced with success, and his saga :ny and intlust y setmed even surpassid ay his good fortune. Ho s ill continued in the West India trade, particularly to S , Dttningn, in which he had tv.o vessels; nil which ton incecl to b, more pn able Ir n Lay to diy until the fir- ukn g >ut of ihe in surrection of *h? negroes b t that island ; at which time he had a brig and a schr, at Capr Fr&ncaise- In the panic and honor of thi moment, numbets rushe I to he ships in tin harbor, to deposit their m st valuable pro per y, and returning, met an unespectei doom from the hand -of (heir slaves. I this manner, the most p eci us valuable were deposited in ,his vesseU, whose pro prieters and heirs werfe cu’ oil’ by the rutli sword I f n';i :?■ The rhiju* oth harbor hastened their departure, and much of ha unclaimed and heirless property just-i ly fell to the lot ol the. owners. Giraid re ceived a large acceacion to his wealth by this tariff scnoige ol the planters of S . Do-j miog i All heirship, was swepi away, in toe to 8.1 extinguishment of entire families, and the mutt extensive adver ising tailed to produce a legal c annan' to the property! ’bus poured into his lap. Und *r these cir j cumstmees, it w,i- jusMy, though for»unate- i ly acq tired ; and though thousands might! envy him, none were found to condemn him ! His fortune still continuii g to swell, mi 1791, he commenced building those fine ships, the pride-of American artists, which gained foi him and for the ship builders of’ jthe country, so great a repu a ion. In the .Spring of 1812, he cstabduhed his Uuk: jhe.commenced with a capital of one inillio„| |i wo hundred thousand dollars. For the re-| dneed price of 120 000 he purchased t h<■ ( Untied .States lln.k, and die .cashiei’-. house ; and as the Hoi k of ih“ U S. <ie [l 'st'ed all i's funds, (iinouiitii g ir. not less thin five millions) jn nis vaults, he cam me- c (1 business with the ft mest creilii, tk under the bst auspices. t his institution J he pur’posed at Ihe time in king peipetuJ; « sch me impracticable and vi lunary, and! |whci he afterwi dj gave up. His Hank [however, flouri-he.l with unshaken credit until hia dea h. It was the peculiar chir.ic teiiß'i'. of (iinrd, to make eveiy tiling a round him produc.iue .So powerful was tins passion, that li ■ said it was ridiculous to plant a tr e that w uhl not bear fruit. Ere-, ry dollar, in acc-rdance witi His system' was k-pt in ciiculatton. Producing in t■ • i», manner, one h h vest upon another, his wealth i at length swelled to the enermuar a m util of 'en millions—a s U ni almost suf ficiem 'o buy the s ate and certainly enough to product acc ; cling to his own <«vortle maxim, il'epplied as directed in his wid, a! gee iter am milt of good than any o ne man,' Washington c xct pted, has ever cuufened op m his cou my. Go aid wasp cularly fortunate in possess-' mg a fi ame s .lliciently vigorous and aardy to sustain h 'bits of life. H • was v -nlom o. never a ck, and considered himself fully oli quale to the tack loi prescr b. g for him I'ns was peroaps the result ol hi, tem l»eiu'' fit, r gulait(pi ale of li vi > g; ne»i r eating' ttiinal food, ai d di i king no Inng but watei, ur weak cla e . li ha wint rol 1831 It j •'as, however, attacked with the vnu enl in* llu ii then prevalent. With his eharac eris ic obs inacy mil reliance mi himsell he repelled th • rente lies of his p ivsicians, ibd on the 2(i li of December, 1831 ~he tie*' parted this life. He died, guys Ins blogr i j ~h r, in the eighty-second year of hi* ag ,! in Ihe third gtoiy <1 his mansion in W. er- " si. unstirrounded by Ihe spier, dor and pomp ol itches, dep rling Imin the world ae lie tiitti i into it—naked ; and leaving his i-m ji infuse wealth for the benefit «l the poor and ’ public; departing like a faithful steward ofll nc comiiiuni y, after having te tied hts'< estate to the satisfaction of all parties. jf • | I RECOLLECT IONS OF A TEN YEARS* 1 RESIDENCE IN CHINA. ( i HtS IMPERIAL MAJESTY. 1 Many w II known and, indeed, esteemed 1 writers have etid, thai there was no'htog ol ' the characti r of despotism about the Cliioese 1 Government ; but they have wrmen in total ( jignoranc- of the Let. The Sovereign ol 1 jthis immense empire is its uncou foiled 1 lord and master, ami *ulj . c t to no law but .< the dictate oThis own g,„„l pleasure. liis[' Uivil Inst is swelled with whatever items) i stravagance, caprice, or passion, may call 1 tor ; and whether it be pemje or war, pat don 1 or punishmiai, his any counstlior is his, lowa wayw.ardnes , I'o be sure, there is' 1 0 ie cunfi ie, beyond which n is perilous fm him to s . his loot , I ha' of >he ancient cus j toms and us.ig-s which the subjugated Chi ' ne-e has been soffered to retain by his Tartar c nqoerer. His lord dare not trench upon (hem, excepting at the risk of calling down maledic ions on his head, and escii-, mg commotion*, which are not to be quieted' i'Ui a the cost of-torrents of human blood. The crown is hereditary in the re'g dug y but the h veieign miy designa e ■ whomsoever it ph’aseih him amongst his; hnale ollspiii g, as his sot c ssor. It i» re-i qoired of him as soon as he has mounted the krone, to i • c->rd his resolve in this respect, by.will ; and 'he deed, abei being carefully folded under covers and sealed, is deposit [ ed with gre.l solemnly in a hall in the' p'Lee, se aparl (or he purpise, which re in .in ciosed un'il the monarch “sleeps wiih ‘hi f.i hers ” It one of his sons chance to .(•lie b efore Ivin, he make* a n>w will, in or 1 der ic bewilder me mind* with conjecture duM g his life line, and prevent any one l)*d Ins sum fr .in forming a party againbt him with a male nteiv k ud of g'a.idees. Thu ministhy and cc yor. 1 The pn cipal orgms of the Imperial be ojlvst. «ie four prime. ministers, called the J'a son. Their tn ster relecs them from d amongst those of ms in files whom he con -0 ceives to be Ihe mos' attached io him or. - n the language „d the cuntrv, «• those, by it u hom he doss not stand in fen of brin f p nsmed.’* No patent or im morial can br ie piesented to him, nor can hi.y subj c! wtiai ii evi r be brouglit b fore l im vmhoui it p ss 1 s through the min sei s’ hands. -Ti e s-ve •ii ril blanches of administration are pontine* It t 'CEitain tiihunaU or dr pertinents, at thi •>,. head of each ol which is a president, wh o i link* next in precedei ce to the prime h nioHteis. There me six i f these depart he meets, ? a first far •• Auoals of (he £m pire,” the itcond for " Account* and Fi- ' (nances,” the third for “ Religious Hi'e- &, (Ceremonies ” she founh fur “ War,” the ; sis h for “ J u slice.” and the sixh for " The 1 ;A is and Sciences j” and these constitute ' 'the source from which all provincial ap pointments flow.—At the head of the latter, ‘ stands the Vice-rys and Lieutenants of ' provinces, who exercise, the power of life' 1 jaud death over every individual below them, ■ save and except the Mandarin 5 and neat' 1 come the Treasurer, who is the Accountant ’ and Tax-gatherer-general of the province,l l lire Sup Tin endant of the sale of salt and' l iron, both which articles are aG vejnmentl l monopoly, the Comp rofler-nf the Domains,! and theJudgca in civil matters, These of d fi eri ate succeeded by the puisne Judges * Supeririteiidanls of police, Inspire ors of 1 ,Vic ual s, Directors of Seminaries, &c The 1 (mandarin, either of the i tiered or military * ulass, is alone en it led to fill these stations, 1 hut the litter gade are tfie most frequent 1 occupan'a, and i is a common tiling to find hem discharging dudes, whirk jpem toJ c me peculiarly within the province of iheirj* lettered brethren. The dts inctive maik lor * ;ail ranks and classes bull civil and mili.a ( j'v, is the button on their ou waid gat merit, • which 13 of every imaginaiy form a.,d col- ' otr. 'l'here -are other decorations for ihe [ pet son, such as peacocks’ fe.thers, chains 1 f r the neck, harmonising wi.h the bu'lon,- 1 escutcheons embroidered with the fiu-ures of ! animals, and worn on the breast or back,1 1 & c > all these designm-e the rank of he func ' tiona.y, and they are fuquently multipliedP 'to so profuse an eiten', that a Mandarin of' l fi s class, in l.i“ g1 la dress, m y be seen (positively covered with them from head to 1 foot. 1 A OKRAT MAN’* HOUSE. residence of a rich Chun so, conaisis \ ,of a range of b tiiding- on the one fl mr, coin- ‘ municaiing wi 1, each o-ha- by means of a ' peifeet labyrin hos passage-., couite, and' ( corritkurs. The mam building contains a: Inigo Salhoa for receiving public visitors and, 'giYing/deay the apartm-nis adjoii ing it ate ' of sin itlei dimensions, and reserved tor ihe 1 •use of the owner, who changes from one to'j the other at certain hours of the day, or cer-[' tain seasons of h- year; in the rear of ihes. |; TP trttnenls at e bed-chambers, which have no | aperture whatever in them beyond an es 11 tin !y narrow door. 1 here are no win-I j<l..\vs in the rooms which are in daily u»f; I three of their sides are entirely closed, and, I the four h. which looks upon the court or)' garden, is thrown comple'<Ty open in sum '!, met. arid is but badly d. fended against the ~ c "Id in viator, be in aris of a buuboo irel Tice• work, the imereg ices of which are fill- ( ed up wi h oysmr-she I Is, cut very ihi-i, and e 'hiliinttiog but a scanty p„ r i„ n of ligh . o,| toe HOOI of ev.-iy room, whether tor show or j use, stands a narrow table, somewhat raised ‘ i i shape like an altar table, and on this the no. ge of the favour, d Jiv.nity is display; ' B hi In r the m ster of the house brn gs his J daily offerings of pei fames, flowers, fruit, 5 In f ont c) this altar is a canopy, Ihe 5 base ot wh ch isolevred about a foot above e the fl a) ; 1 is of finely polished wood; de v C iraied wi h minors or maib-e, and provid ed with O toman and pillows; ihe one for 1 icsii g a book or cup of te 1 up 0, and ihe others for the c mvenience of reclining. I, ' ones not afl id uccon modation (01 more? than two persons, as -hree individuals of e f quid rank seldom join company; they sit, as ® <ei the luikish fashion, emss legged. On V the rig it and left of he cam pv are two d mis, one leading to the bed-chamber, anti w the other to the interior of the In,use; they " le generally concealed by screens, or 1 uge “ ! mirrors reaching J, wn to the gr. u, d; and amng sstaod a range of arm ch.iis, 'J 1 let W P ,tl unison with the screens and i cam py. The angles of the apartment are c luriiis. ed with stands for the rccepi m of ' (Clocks vases, poweto, musical ins ruinents, e . .nooks fttc., and the whole amtublement is 1 wound u,. by one or (wo bandies of thin, e- v ongated tobacco pipes. But there is ote‘ 1 cm 0, emhelli Innent, which is a peculiarly L ( favourite hobby wi h the Chinese—that is, 1 ! , lan| fi° r n, which is reserved for gala 3 days. Some of these append ges to ih uiuaehoid erg of enormous s a ; one will be 1 of g obular shape, and made of horn; anoth ci is composed of painted gauz\ and of an ! octagona form whilst ntheis again are made 11 . B las s pr pH per, and not one of them but c ;s ornamented w;th fringe, bands, and pieces of crystal. Ihr walls of the hou'-e are be- 1 decked with paintings, and inscriptions, and ! mi Hi dtstichs, worked in tellers of gold.* Oigrla days, (he canopy and arm chain- 1 are dressed ou- wi'h carpets made o( scar- ! 1 let c oth, embroidered with gold; and in- 1 cense, consisting of a compound of the dustll > of odoriferous woods, gum, and various per j - lumes made into spiral shapes, is burned 1 1 before the dii jxnafevj they burn slowly and do not go out until they are entirely consumed. - From Iho Charleston Courier. ' AUDUBON. This distinguished Naturalist, with hio • Assis ar <s, has agai 1 returned in good health y t i our city, after having been actively and successfully -engaged in exploring ihe South e 'll C":*9t, Islands nr( ) ,s al ( | of East Ftnrida. Ihe wiiter of 'his lias had the i- leasuie of conversing wi h Mr. Au. I’eon •ince his return, and nt esami' ing the valua -0 bU- collec ion which he has b ought w th le him, and ventures to. send for publication 0 hi y.ur pa pi r, a has y sketch of what ap ?• pears to him as particulatly deserving the t attention *-f h Na'uralist. i- AJr. Audubon let 1 Charles',on on the 18th of April I*sf, in the Revenue Cutter Merton. The use of this vessel had been generously allowed him by rur Govei nment. Inad riition to this, eveiy facility was afl’or>i fd hiin by Tie Collector of our port ; and ihe skill, vigilance, and untiring z>" • of Captain Day and his Officers, are ip- k en es by Mr A wi h unqualified appnb ! tion. Pos-rssing the above faciti ies, he ha been enabled to vtsj at least one hundren and fif 7 of ihe Keys along the Snuihen Coast of F otida. a d has brought 10-our ci y ja colh’ction rrf specimens ii Natural Histo ry, which was with d fficul'y conveyed 1 through our ci y in five cart !■ ads. This collection consists of Plants, Seeds, Shells, Coral, Amphibious A: im. I», and the skins of Quadrupeds and Buds !n 1m king IVi r hi» b- au ifol drawings of P ants, and th* floo’s & Shrubs he has brought with him in box s, we were struck with h j idea that much n m dns in 1 ur newly acquired Terito ry in -hi D' partment of Botatij, as none of he Plan s he has brought 1 are described in Elliott, and many of ihem appear to bo (altogether new. 01 Shells, he has brought abou! six barrels, and in the department of Oini hology, to which he has devoted so many yeaiu < sh a life, and traversed almos every poi tion of our w-ide exiended country, he has been unusually successlul.- Heh.s brought the skins of upwards of five hun dred and fifty Buds, principally of the larger specirs. Os these, most aie the Buds jin tnia part of our country—-and seven spe ,cies at least are new, and have never beer described or noticed by any Ameiican Or .mi hnlogis . Oi hese, one is a Hrmn, (Arde,) snowy white, cres ed, bqt wi hnut a 1 train, in wi ight and vise more ihan doable that of our lurgtt White ffemn, (Ardea Alba) and is the largest and most beauti ful Heron that has yet been, disc vend Strange, that as er oar country has been sn carefully searched by those distinguished .Orniiholugis s Wjlson 0«o Bohatarte, ,Beale and Nititali, it shouiu lemaiu lor ■Audubon o discover, in the v< ry heart 01 our c un ry, the largest E'g'e in the world, (F ilco Washing onn) ami n w also the |lurgest Heron. Os 1 nis bemiiiful Bird, hi (ht*® not only bn 1 ght eleven stuff ri -.peci jmei.s, bu' four 1m g young one' in fine or der,which are likely odo well, end »1 hoagh but 'hiee weeks » nee they weie t-.ken from , he nest, they are already la g<T than our 'aige Blue Heron, (A dea Herodias ;) & Cuckoo, a little larger than either of our jo her two specie-; a Fly Catcher* (Muscica (p ') some wh it larger than our corninotr &\ug Bird, (VUj'ce pi 'E'yranus ;) two spe; iea of Perns, (S erna) at.d two species ol P ge;rn-. (Columbi ) one ot »vhich, the writer consid ers the fi e»t that has yei been discovered it is somewhat laiger Ihan the Zepaida D w®, (Colun b Z oaida) with (he upper sui face ot 1 8 body ot a broni • c lor, exh.bt'ing me'ai lie changes, 5n addition to these new discov oi ies, he has also visited he breeds' g & ascertained the habits of many Birds th 1 have here ofore been but little known. H. has collected the eggs and young of a I on< s every species which' h® haa b-«light, sritoig which we recogn'se ihose of all the Meronr hat inhabii the Unit'd S'a'es—the Man-of B rd, or Friga e Pelican, (T,.chype es Aqui u ;) the Cormorant, (Pudacroran Q .cu lus;) the B own P limn, (Pelicames Fus ed;) iho B .by, (Sola Fima;) the Noody (Sen a S-lid..;) ha Wide ibis,(lb'i Al bi;) aad four gpecies of pigeons, ot whic very little hr.s b. en hitherto known. Ihe lab r requisite to the pursuits ii which AtDoaoN is eng ged, must he im mense, In order to render his scient fi.-, & beau ifal work deserving of .he patronage of his countrymen, and a monument «If hi<- indusfry sod talents, he has traversed ou. Northern alorg the borders ol cur immense lakes—he has followed the rivets of Tie At kars is, Mississij pi and Mis aouti—he has wa'.ched the aoogaiers of our (ores' for years in succession, in Pennsyl vania, K. ntucky and L uisiuna—has da ling 'he last winter explored the swamps the mangrove thickets and sandy keys of Fl .rula, and it is piobable that his untiring seal will soon carry him over the rockv mountains, and that his tab us will not be rcmTted nil he anives at the Pacific ocean. In conclusion, we cannot repress the hope, that (he Zealand talents of Audubon, may meet with the reward in some respect commensurate with his merit*. The writer t this is no wise personally interested in the woik of Audubon, farther than the de sire he feels for the advancement of sci eoce and the reward of merit, but he has not bem able sometimes to withhold his surprise, that whilst our Legislature has patronized his woik, and two or three co pies are said to be subscribed for by Side (.ies, yet II at in Charleston and in the State of Souih Carolina, which contains so man\ I boral and wealthy persons, the patrons ol he sciences and arts, not a sir gle iodivitlu al mbaciiber has as yet been obtained ; whilst our neighboring city of Savannah, containing not one fifih of our population has already furnished seven individual sub ) scribeia to Audubon’s work. C. 1 --*o®- j Prom the N«vr-v or k Commertial Advertiier . CONTROVERSY ABOUT THE UNIT t El) STA IES IN FRANCE. e It has been frequently observed that wliili v we eagerly im-k to the English press for all - sorts of opinions about ourselves, com h paratively little attention is paid to the n;more impartial and durable tribunal of con 1. tineutul criticism. Does au English button e maker woman, favor their countrymen will their opinion about America, the country i; Ii in a blaze ot indignation aud laboured es • says are written, which often show not the v fallacy of the accusations, but the inriigna ion of the wri er®. Is t; e same thi> a re eated in a nn.gmticeot in rn er at d disdain : or< p'y. It i: not our business to" inquire why we aip 9.1 semi ive on the sere of K g'ish critipi-ni exc u ively, b"t ®i pi to s'ate the tael, as expi.ii, ing why an lj |g interest lias b-en excited me in rtla ion ‘o i recent discus-on cute rrging America, which has created qni ea «.■ s >l l ii u, Paris, i VV e d“MV- the ))•"■(• p.( f., r * tiom (he Re ve Rncydop’d q e. one id the ables' pe -1 i unites s in Eu. p . . , Ihe cuitn veisv • p*ned w itb nelaborate • essay by M. ISaulnitr, a (lis t guished • French pnliticul \vi -pi, aed nrie of he i Bdit< rs of die Revue Bnttim r he.tirct I "I Sail nier wa» 111 pure sla islicu'ly that i "a g vernment i f liner p w. is hv w ich he t means he limn cl mnnarrhy «'f F ine was no' so isp n-ive as h' ihe p govi n rnent f (go iveruemen at bon minche) el the U i=. t ed Sia'es. I will b' ‘•ce n, he s>q ul s - that 1 ke our own pet cmmercisl represen t tiifive, bis s atis ics an* nicst w fuby bun s gled, and his ■ pp- ntr's am il ila'e,him with ) h’B own weapons, ha 1 is to say,statistically, M Sauli ier estiiaa.es cur expenses uadeF , three heads; > 1 The annual stale expense. 2 /do. of 'he General Government. ' -S. M .in enance of clergy, and of militia* > turnpike tolls, &.c. 1 hese he estimates in round numbers at 1 70 millions ofdull at s annually, or a; g7 for • '-very individual, while in Fraiceitis but g 920. Generals Lafayette and Bernaid, c w i hour country man Cooper, who is always > wide aw. ke when the question arises about i America, replied, to show that the annual expei ses per man is g 2 30. Cooper in cludes schools and poor, and estimuies it at g 2 40. Fuels and figures are arrayed wi.h ) imposing force in support of this p-sUlon. , Saulnitr upon this, acknowledges that ho r may possibly have made some mistake, and i accordingly goes over again his calculations, , and concludes fii ally, that every inhabit nt of the Uni'ed States pays anriua.iy 8/39 .■ b>r the expenses of hi - cheap government. Air. Cooper immediately commences « series of.leuers in 'he J\ r ational, in which ha t nearly skins JI. Saulnier alive, and amply i vindicates our government from the chaige rof being more cosily than-the monarchies ief Europe. Even with the disadvantage of r writing in a foreign language, Mr. Coupee -ex • ibi r 3 all the terseness and vigor of bin v naive tongue; and his letters have been re* I pents*ily quoted in terms of high commenda , tion by the literary men of Paris. The dis co* snn would be too long for these columns, • but we c..nnot refrain from noticing one nr , twi. hc ! 3, which wt re elicited in the course t if the controversy. The jsanrg' ment of the Treasury nt W ■hi gton, costs gl 10.220, which at , Pari- i- but 852 000. The expenses of p>st iffire ai d army, are nearly three limes gres ei in pr..portion than in France. This is not deno d, as far as we can learn, by Mr. C opei j but then he shows that our whofr army d ts not c 'S' more than 5 mil* I son«, while that of France coats 74 millions; tha to irr pi-gr the disbursement of 200 mil lion!. i n p ance 3900 clerks are employed, while b g m>lar riisbuisemert of 26 millions in America, employs on y 134 clerks. He put# the I a 1 1«• rase it) another point of view, Ihe disbursement of )5 millions of in habitants, eropbys 134 e'erks, while Fiar ee with 31 millions to equal!*! this rhouul -mpli y 370 cleiks, but in laet these are 1600 c Sauluisr happens to state, and wc be ieve cot redly, that the average price of J'bor in the U,.i-ed g.sies, is 60 cents, and in France £5 At htfl own valuation of la-sea with us, it-ig thru shown, that a Ymkea woiks Sdaya in the year to pay his taxes* white a Frenchman must wink more than 20 for the same purpose. In this account mili tary service is not included, although iFrai te has 400,000 soldiers, and Atuciica 6000 This, thereloie, takes one man in 80 in France, and one in 2200 in the United S ates. Saulnitr states, the taxes for the poor in Ametica, to be 90 cents per mar. It ic I?hown, that, in Philadelphia, there are three ■ paupers in a hundred, and in Musarchusette but one, while at Paris ihereare 44 in a hun dred, and at Rheims 32 in u hundred. ’1 hie argument is put in anu 1 1 er form. in America, 4000 paupers cost 8200,000, In France, 11.500 paupers ens* g IUOO. . Certainly, as the Editor of the Review , observes, this presents not only a flittering, j but alomst an inviting picture of paupeiism .in America. The whole discussion is a* . bundaiitlv interest!' g & instructive, and a* , such we warmly recommend it to our re* , aders. For the part taken in ir by Mr. I Cooper, and the noble manner which he has served out Iris g.vllic anlagonist, he deserves j the that.ks of his countrymen. Such labors are not so inviting as gathering laurels ua 'he fields of literature, but we have yet to learn that they will not awaken in the hearts of his country naeu sentimet; * of respect quite equal to those bestowed upon a clever poem or a pathetic tale. Early Marriage, —Tacitus s’tys early t marriage tm kos us immortal. It is the II soul and chief prop of empire. That man ■ who resolves to live without woman, and e 'hat Wi.m.m who resolves to live widiout i man, are enemies to the community in i which they dwell, irjurinus to themselves, h esilruc ive to the world,.apostates from, is oature, and rebels agrinr; and i earth,