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CHRIETMA8 CHIMES.
BY iluibiet k. xixeaix.
•‘Glory be to God Most High!"
Pane bis argeto In the sky
When the Lord to men drew nigh.
•Tnre on e<rth—jrood win etsd
lore shell reign. at d wrong t,
Ho to born-the Prince cf fence !T
Just for lore of ns He came.
Took Hts sweetly Under Name—
Jttcs 1 stooped toonr abam.-.
•T will save yon”—thns ne enid;
•‘I am Ilf ; y oar life :a dead:
I will giro yon life Instead 1"
Little chlldreb. closest p-e*t
To ihe toying Savli.nr’a brea*t.
Barely ye meet lore him bestJ
This Is love:—to do His wl l;
H peaking truth; forraklEglll;
Bearing and iorbearing euiJ;
Battling selfishness wbhin
•(Where he only sees the rln)
Till throngh him at last ye win;
Sorrowing over evil wrought—
Open deed or secret thought:
Straightway doing as ye ought;
Bleertrg al< for His •'ear sake,
As Hie b.esal' g ye psrtak ;
Ilapp^r- thus—His world to make.
This to love; a aervlc* light.
gone with oil your little might;
Noi.c atiali tail to do it right.
Let your little heirta reply
To the a .gels in the aky:
"Love shall reign eternally I
God Is love forevermore:
hove we Him. and Him adore
In the Chrto'-Gnihi born of yore."
TOM CARTERS GARDEN.
STORY OF NEIGHBORS.
I don’t think anybody in the village of
Grogfield liked Gruody Archer. He was a
surly fellow at the best, and sometimes he
was downright quarrelsome. He had bis
good points too. He was sober and indus
trious He prided himself particularly upon
bis own cottage garden, in which, every even
ing, after he bad left working for bis master,
ue worked for himself. Grundy’s next neigh
bor was a good-tempered man, as industrious
as himself; and, as their gardens joined,
there was a kind of rivalry kept up as to
which—Tom Garter or Grundy Archer—
should have the earliest peas, the biggest
cabbages, and so forth.. On the part of
Carter, this rivalry was carried on with plea-
sant good humor; but when he happened to
get the upper hand, Grundy was as savage as
a bear.
One morning in March, Grundy looked out
of bis chamber window as he was dressing,
and saw a sight which might have made a
better tempered man than he cross. A num
ber of fowls had got into his garden, and
were as busy as bees scratching up a row of
peas, which were just appearing above
ground, and devouring them by wnolesale.
He did not wait . to put on the rest of his
clothes, but rushing down stairs in a fury,
he made a sudden onslaught into the thick of
the offenders, and soon dispersed them; bat
not until two fine hens were gasping their
last-on the unlucky row of peas.
The fowls were Tom Carter’s. They bad
made a breach in their place of confinement,
and, trying to make the best of their short
liberty, had unfortunately strayed into
Grundy’s garden, after haviog done mischief
enough in their owner’s.
Archer was rather ashamed of himself
when the deed was done, and managed mat
ters so that the dead fowls were found in a
field at the back of the two gardens, while he
repaired the damages they had done in his
own. And when they were f-iund he pre
tended to know nothing about the matter.
Hut Tom bad his suspicions, nevertheless;
and from that time the two neighbors and
their wives were as cool as cucumbers to
wards each other.
A few months later, Archer’s garden be
gan to wear a neglected look. After the au
uimn crops were gathered In, it became more
of a wilderness. Weeds overran the empty
beds, and there was no attempt to eradicate
them—no turning up tLe ground to prepare
it for fresh crops. Winter came, and the
gooseberry bushes, and currant bushes and
apple trees were left uncut. Spring was com
ing on, and the garden looked more desolate
than ever.
Grundy Archer had fallen from the top of
a wagon, while carrying corn at harvest
time, and had brokt n his leg and two or
three ribs, and for months was lying in bed
helpless.
He was pretty well cared for by bis mas
ter and the parish together; bat his garden,
and the pride of his life, nobody cared for
that.
“I can’t bear to see it so,” said Tom Carter
one day to his wife. “ ’Tisn’t doing as we
would be done by. F1I take a spell at poor
Grundy’s garden myself.”
“He <luu nicsexvc ii though,” said Mrs.
Carter, wno was thinking of her two dead
hens.
“The Bible tells us to bear one another’s
burdens,” said Tom.
“Grundy wouldn’t have put out his little
finger to bear one of oars,” said Mrs. Carter
“If ye do good only to them that do good
to you, what thanks have ye?” answere.
Tom, quoting a text we should all do well to
study more and more, and to follow as well
aa study.
“I believe you are right, Tom,” returned
Mrs. Carter; “but there’s our own garden
wants as much work as you can give ii.”
“Look not every man on his own things,
hut every man on the things of others,’ re
joined Tom, who Eeems to have studied the
Bible to some purpose.
Grundy Archer was sittingin an easy chair
one evening, in no pleasant frame of mind;
for he was getting better; and they say that
-when a man gets extra cross, it is one sign
that he is mending.
The door opened and in came his neighbor
-Carter.
“How d’ye do, mate,” said Tom, kindly.
“None the better for seeing you.” Grundy
would have said, perhaps, if he had spoken
- -bis mind, but he growled out a half civil re
ply instead.
“Abont your garden, neighbor,” Tom be-
_gan to say.
“What about it?” Grundy asked quickly.
“•Tis in a terrible mess.”
“Could have told you that,” said the sick
man.
“I want to put it to right a bit, if you’d
et me.”
“You.’
“Yes, I; why not? There them goose
berry trees, now; they want cutting.”
“I know they do,” growled Archer.
«*Tis time to be putting in seeds.”
“Of course it is,” said Archer, testily.
“And a good many of her things want
seeing to,” continued Tom Carter.
“ You needn’t tell me that,” said the man
•with the fractured leg and ribs.
can’t pay
“Why, Tom, you are backward with your
own work!”
“Rather, neighbor, but I’ll e^on fetch up.
There. I think that puts the finishing stroke,”
he added, shoaldering the rake.
“But, Tom, stop a bit Tom—I have got
something to say. I say, Tom, Ibis is very
kind of you I could not have thought ir.
And, Tom—I say, Tom, I can t bear it;” and
Grundy Archer drew bis brown, bony band
acrefes bis face, and took it away moist “I
can't bear it, Tom, to think bow crooked I’ve
al ways been with you. Them hens of yours,
Tom.”
“Never mind about them, Grundy.”
“ ’Twas I that killed ’em, Tom.”
“Never mind,” answered Tom Carter,
‘ they shouldn't have got into your garden.”
“Did you know I did it then ?”
“Well, I gave a pretty close guess; but
what matters?”
“You’ve beat me,” sobbed Grundy Archer;
“you’ve beat me out and out. God bless you
for i>, Tom!” and he beld out bis band to
Carter, who shook it with a hearty grip of
good will.
Tom Carter had found out one way of do
ing good.
"Be not overcome of evil.”
Sunday Beading.
The Church and Sabbath School libraries
of the country contain 9,981,968 volumes.
One-half of mankind are not born with
saddles on their backs, to be ridden by the
other half.
The four synagogues in Boston are divided
under the beads of Polish Jew, Jew, Holland-
ish Jew and German Jew.
Mrs. York, of Michigan, and Mrs. Hart-
soutb, of Iowa, have both been licensed to
preach the Gospel in the Methodist Episcopal
Chuich.
Faith which works by fear only leads to a
selfish, dishonest repentance, if to any, and
leaves the sonl at the gate of death.
An English real estate speculator offered a
popular preacher $10,000 a year, te settle in
the neighborhood of his property, to send up
its value.
Life is like a roll of costly material passing
swiftly through our hands, and we must em
broider our pattern as it goes. We cannot
wait to pick up a false stitch, or pause too
long before v?e set another.
All the twenty-Bix ministers who have
been stationed over the Methodist Church at
Newmarket, New Hampshire, from 1828 to
tbe present time, a space of nearly forty six
years, are still living, and, so far as known,
each enjoying good health.
Sweetness prevails in the church at Sims
bury, Massachusetts, tbe ladies of which
lately gave a honey festival, tho delicacy
which lurnished the same being supplied by
swarm of bees which for some time has
been hived in the church steeple.
A telegram from Rome to the London
papers, dated December 10, says that it was
stated on authority that tbe cardinals ap
pointed at the consistory on the 22d instant,-
would be Monsignori Chigi, Valcinelli, Fren
ch! and Ore-glia, the Prince Primate of Hun-
ary, the Archbishop of Sslmeburg, Father
n arquini, (a Jesuit). Father Martmelli, the
Archnishop of Paris, the Archbishop of
Cambray, and the Bishop of Valencia.
A religious movement not unlike the Cum
mins secession was attempted fifty years ago.
In 1823. the Bev. Mr. Dasliiell, of Maryland,
man of great learning and piety, seueded
from the Protestant Episcopal Church, and
with half a dezsn other clergymen attempted 1
the establishment of a church similar in form
but different somewhat in dogma. He was
successful only so far as the co-operation of
the associate founders went. When he and
they died the new church died with them
There seems no longer to be any doubt
that tbe whole, or nearly the whole, of the
Swiss Jura District has gone over en masse to
ibe Old Catholic movement, expelled the
Ultra-montaDe clergy, and thrown off its
spiritual subjection to Roma This is the
statement of a well informed English coires
pondent, who says, further, that in view of
the probable expulsion of the priests, a
French father, Abbe Dtramy, who has been
laboring in conjunction with Hyacinthe, has
been raising a b >dy of French clergy to take
their placeT In this mission he has succeed
ed to a considerable extent
In Plymouth Church, Sunday morning,
Mr. Beecher refused to give p notice in the
following characteristic and Beecher-like
manner. He said: “I am requested to give
notice which puts me in a little difficulty.
_ don’t want to and I do want to. Tbe
Amaranth Dramatic Association wish to give
benefit in the Academy of Music next Sat
urday evening. They wish to pay all the
expenses themselves and give all tne receipts
to the poor of Brooklyn. Now I want the
poor to have all the money they can get, bat
[ don’t want to advertise a theatrical com
pany, and therefore I shall not give the no
tice.” [Great laughter.]
A few minutes before the adjournment of
the 8 >uth Georgia Conference,held in Macon
during last week and arjonmiogon Monday,
Rev. George C. Clarke presented to Bishop
Pieica a gavel, the bead of which was made
from a piece of the celebrated Wesley Oak (a
tree under which J >hn Wesley preached
when he came as a missionary to this coun
try)—and tbe handle of which was made of a
piece of one of the benches of Great Bethel
church, in Virginia, where tho first battle of
the late war was fought. Mr. Claike made a
brief presentation speech, and the Bishop re
ceived it in his usual felicitous manner.
“ May I do it?” ashed Tom.
« What for ?” said Grundy; “ I
for it, if you do.”
“ i don’t wan’t you to; may I do it ?”
“ If you like,” replied Archer.
A month inter, and Grundy was’in his gar'
den, hobbling on with a stick, looking vritha
curious expression of countenance at Tom,
■who was raking over the onion bed. Every
thing was neat and tidy as ever. Trees and
brushes bad been trimmed, weeds burned,
ground dug in, seeds sown and planted
Grundy looks over the fence into his neigh
bor's garden.
directors on the part of the synod of Nash
ville. There seems to be a lively interest
felt on the sntject, and entire harmony pre
vails. It is proposed to raise five hundred
thousand dollare for the fnnding and main
taining a first class uoiversity. The synod
of Naebville has tendered Stewart college a?
a nucleus for tbe institution, and it is confi
dently believed that, with proper efforts upon
the part of our people, it will be accepted.
Culpeper, Virginia, letter in tbe Richmond
Enquirer: “I forgot to mention quite a novel
and noticeable occurrence in open court to
day. A motion was made by Mr. Lewis, tbe
Commonwealth’s Attorney, to release an old
and infirm negro man from payment of his
capitation tax. While giving in his reasons
for bis exemption the old man gave a very
searching look all over the court-room and
remarked on its b* au y and fine appearance,
and said that if it had not been opened
with prayer before, be would like
to do so then and there; and instantly fall
ing upon his knees without in'erruption by
the court, and amidst profound silence, he
offered up a fervent prayer in behalf of the
judge, the bar, the officers and the people,
tiuen a thing never, perhaps, took place be
fore Ir. a court room, but to have stopped him
wou'd have been mortifying and cruel.. The
court suffered him to finish; he occupied a
very short time, got all he asked for, bowed,
and politely left.”
The world has had six thousand years
bring in its “more excellent way.” What
has it devised, apart from the Bible, to heal
the sores of tbe broken, wounded, bleeding
heart ? What has Rome, in her ages of
martial glory, or Greece, in her area of philo
sophic culture and refinement, done to solve
tbe vexed problem of aching humanity?
What streams of comfort has the rod, wielded
by their greatest intellects, extorted from the
barren rock ? What trees have they planted
in the world’s desert 'whose leaf shall
not fade, neither shall tbe frail thereof be
consumed, whose fruit ahall be for meat, and
tbe leaf thereof for medicine?” On the
other hand, bow many thousands and tens
of thousands, racked with pain, tortured
with doubt, worn with anxiety, agitated with
remorse, darkened with bereavement—the
sick, tho weary, the lonely, tbe dying have
been cheered and refreshed and comforted
by the everlasting consolation of His Holy
Book.—Macduff.
FERTILIZERS.
Georgia State Agricnttnral Society.
Atlanta, Ga., December 26,1873
Tbe following resolutions were passed by
the Georgia Slate Agricultural Society, at the
meeting in Athens, August, 1873, to-wil:
Resolved, That the Secretary of this So
ciety is hereby d rected to obtain samples of
all the fertilizers offered for sale in this' State,
and to forward tbe same by express, pre
raid, in a sealed package, to the President of
the State College of Agriculture and the Me
cbanic Arts.
2. That tbe Secretary is directed to ust
every precaution to obtain a fair sample of
the fertilizer by taking portions from oiff-T
ent packages not damaged by exposure. He
shall also number each package, and shall
preserve, in his office, the number, with the
name of tbe fertilizer which the number
designates, and the name of the party from
whom it was obtained.
3. Tbe Secretary shall have published, as
soon as possible, the results of tbe analysis
of these fertilizers, with heir commercial
values, and their names corresponding to the
numbers preserved in bis office, as made at
tbe Laboratory of the State College of Agri
culture and the Mechanic Arts. He shall
also send a copy of the same to the Secre
tary of each society co-operating with the
State Society, and shall obtain, if possible,
general publicity of the same through the
press of the State.
M. Johnston, Secretary.
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA.
GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
AND THE MECHANIC ARTS.
Athkn8, Ga, December 17,1873.
M. Johnston, Secretary Georgia State Agrieul
turni Society:
Dear Sib—I herewith forward for the use
of the State Agricultural Society the report
of Prof. H. C. White, on the commercial
value of fertilizes. It will be seen that tne
values adopted for determining the relative
values of fertilizers are as follows:
soluble phosphoric sold, per pound ...
Insolab'e phorpbor'ctcia. per pound.
Nitrogen, per pool'd
Potash, par pound -
165£ cents
8H “
A great sensation has been produced among
English ecclesiasiics in constqutnce of Dean
Stanley having invited Dr. Max Muller to
deliver a lecture at Westminster Abbey, and
a London letter predicts that this innovation
will produce a ferment in the Chnrch of
England. The Dean seems to have hope that
some day a reconciliation of all religious
sects may be brought about, and his repeated
liberality toward other churches has excited
much alarm. When Muller delivered bis
lecture the choir did not attend, the clergy
wore only their college gowns, and the as
sembly is said to have resembled a public
meeting rather than a congregation. The
subject of the lecture was the religions of the
world.
Dr. L. Pierce lay sick at Wesleyan Female
College, during the recent Conference, having
reached there with the Bishop from the North
Georgia Conference an Wednesday morning,
after traveling all night. He i? still feebh*,
unable to go to the Bishop’s (his son), where
he will pass most of the winter, if not pre
vented from getting there by his continued
affliction. It was the first roll Cali he bas
missed since he joined the Conference, sixty
nine years ago. Will he ever respond to
another ? He was elected as delegate to the
General Conference that meets in Louisville,
Kentucky, but has already informed his al
ternate, Rev. Mr. Christian that he must go,
for if alive, he could not sit in its protracted
sessions. He has been a delegate to tois
highest Council of the Church, from its first
session, every four years, until the present.—
Columbus Sun.
A Kansas paper gives the following report of
a ju-ige’s sentence, lately passed on a criminal:
■Brumley, you Infamous sconndrel 1 You are an unre
deemed villain! You hain't a single redeeming trait
in your character. Your wife and family wish we
bad sent you to the penitentiary. Thto to tbe fifth
time rve.bau yon before me, and you have put me to
mi re trouble than your neck is worth. I’ve exhorted
and prayed over yon lorg enorgi, you scoundrel 1
Just go home and take one g impae at yonr family,
and be off in short orderl Don’t let’s ever hear of y-u
again t Tbe grand jury have found two other indict
ments against you, but I'll discharge yen on yonr own
recognizances, and if I ketch yon In this niuk of the
woods to-morrow morning at daylight, I’ll sock you
right square in jail and hump you off to Jeffersonville
in less than no time, yon infamous soounnrel 1 If
ever I catch you crossing your fiogcr at m >n, woman,
or child—white man or nigger—I’ll sock yon right
square into the jug I 8 And up, you scoundrel, w-ile
pass sentence on you 1
Among the noticeable features of the Hones on
Friday, the 19th Ins ant, was the cordial greeting ex
tended to Hon Alexander H. Stephens by Professor
Henry. It had been many years since they saw each
other, and stirring scenes and strange events tad
been crowded Into the life of Hr. Stephens. The
contrast between these two eminent gentlemen was
the subject of muoh remark—tbe one jast turned of
slx-y, pale, emaciated and feeble; the other past
aevenly. hats, hearty and vigorous, straight naan
arrow, with the piomise of many years' JM before
him in the common course or nature. The spheres
of life, too. in which they had moved—the one amid
exciting scenes of a great fratricidal strlfj, the shaper
of po'i'ics.andina great measure the controller of
the destinies of others: the other that of a great
thinker, living not only for hi* own bat coming gen
erations, and 1 adlug in a measure a lift of seclusion
from the veiy necessities of the case—was also much
commented upon The meeting In the twilight of
nsetui and eventful Uvea was so h'rmontoua, how
ever, a* to effeotnally destroy all the seeming incon
sistencies of contrast, and wa« w source of pleasure
not only to themselves bat to all who witnessed it.
An exchange gives the following particulars of the
recent accident which happened to lit. Owens. It
says: John E. Oaens, the romedlax, played Toodles
in the Newark Opera House on Tuesday night la the
last act it is put of the stage business of Toodles to
fa)L Ur. Owens' shoe soles «ere very slippery on that
evening.aod he fell a moment sooner than be expected
and wrenched bis back with such violence that he was
unable to rise. It was too m-ar tbe end of the play to
mar tha closing tableau for the spectators, and the
curtain was drawn before many of them knew tbat
the comedian had received serious injuries. He was
taken to the Continental Hotel, suffering intensely
Even after careful examination of the bruises
hto physician thought that he migut be all right in a
day or two. His ag nt had made engagements for
the troop* fir the last half of thto week, one nleht
In Basion and two nfgbts in Reading. It was appa
rent on -Wednesday that the Easton engagement
would have to be broken, bat Hr. Owens still hoped
to be able to play in Reading. The soreness and
P«in have Increased so much that hto phyeloian
now fears that his spine is injured, and gives Hr.
Owens no hope tbat he will be ble to move for days,
perhaps weeks Mrs Owens is with him. The pain
to so severe that he Is almost corstantly nndar the
inflience of oprates. Wnen sufficiently recovered
Mr. Owens intends to go to hto residence, near Balti
more.
A weird tale comes tons from the Northern lakes
It reads like a ghostly tale of o.d. It is horrible. A
stiff fig are frozen, and ice oold, steering throngh the
night right to the shore. There waa home and warmth
and life—perhaps a wife and children. The trage
dies of this worid are'uot in novels They are In real
life. Read the atory. Two farmer* were driving
the beach of Lake Erie. They saw a boat
far out beading for the beach. They paid little
attention to It at tbe time, bat when they
returned a faw hour* afer they found the
yawl hard on the oeach and the man sitting stiff and
m .tlonleee in her stem. Leaving their - wagoaa they
discovered that the man was lifeless and f oxen as
hard as a rook. Hs sat bolt nnright on the seat, the
oar oat behind, and both haads clasping the handle,
and it required hard «ork to wrench it from hto
death grip. There was abont a foot of water in the
boat but the era t did not show rough usage. The
man’s legs were almost covered with ioe as far
up a* bis knges, and the spray had dashed
over his hack and snonlders and froz -n there,
one could say how long he had been
r -i
No — - -
afloat or when death overcook h m, but he most have
been dead at least three days or more. There was
nelth' r mast nor sail to the boat, and there was noth
ing to It but the one oar.ehowina that the poor fellow
had not intended a long trip anywhere, and that he
mast ha-'e been blown off toe shore. He had used hi*
o,r to keep before the wind, and had frozen to death
on his Seat. For day*, and perhaps for a fortnight,
the froz ji man sat there with his icy Angers clinging
to the ashen oar, and the ga'es and the waves
spared him to reach the shore and receive Christian
bnriiL
The synod of Mississippi, at their late
meeting, unanimously adopted the plan pro
posed for the establishment of a Southern
University, under the auspices of the Pres
byterians of the Missiisippi valley; and ap-
pointed the Rev. Dr. Palmer, of New Orleans,
and Rev. Dr. Stratton, of Natchez, directors
on the part of the synod Rev. Dr. J. B.
Shearer and Hon. D. N. Kennedy, are the
Two printers in Wilmington went out
hunting the other day. The only game seen
was a solitary sparrow, at which one of the
tvuos took aim and fired. The sparrow flew
away and the load of shot took effect in the
frame of sportsman No. 2, who had wander
ed on ahead of his companion. The young
was only stung, and not seriously hurt
by the shot. The above from the Post.
In every fertilizer, both the commercial
and agricultural value depend mainly upon
the percentage of these constituents. It is
not necessary to consider others.
I would call especial attention to the fol
lowing particulars in this report:
1. Those v-Jues are not assumed. They
are the result of most careful examination,
in connection with a large correspondence
with some of the principal chemists and
minufactuifra of feltiiizers in the United
States.
2. They are the cash values of these arti
cles delivered at Savannah. To determine
the value at any city in Georgia, the freight
from Savannah must be added.
3. They are not the agricultural value?, but
the commercid values. The kind of fertil
izer needed by the planter depends on the
character of the soil, the climate and the
crop to which it is applied. These values
given will not determine what the planter
needs, but will s< rve him as a guide in pur
chasing. As a general rule the agricultural
value in manufactured fertilizers bears a
close relation to the commercial value. And
the planter who purchases a fertilizer at
about the value calculated from the analysis
made in the laboratory of the
State College, may be assured that
he is paying now the market price of ihe
valuable constituents, and when tbe selling
price of any fertilizers differs greatly from
the calculated value, be may, with reason,
decline to purchase.
The State College has undertaken, for the
benefit of planters, to analyze tbe principal
fertilizers offered for sale in the State. The
proposition was accepted by the State Socie
ty of Agriculture, and the duty of selecting
and furnishing samples assigned to the
Secretary.
The analysis will be made by Prof. White,
as soon as possible after the reception of tbe
samples, and the results with their commer
cial values attached will be for warded you
for pub ication for the general benefit ot the
agricultural community.
Very respectfully,
a W. Lkroy Broun,
President State College, etc.
University of Georgia,
Laboratory of Applied Chemistry,
Athens, Ga, Dec. 16, tS78.
Prof. W. L Broun, President Georgia State
College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts *
My Dear 8iu—1 have the honor to report
that the chemical laboratory of tbe Universi
ty of Georgia is now ready for the work upon
commercial fertilizers, undertaken in accord
ance with the resolutions of tbe 8tate Agri
cultural Society t pissed at the late annual
meeting held in Athens in August last.
By the terms of these resolutions, I am re
quested to furnish to the Secretary of the
a late 8ociety analyses and statements of the
commercial values of such samples of com
mercial fertilizers, as shall be submitted to
me by him for examination.
The results of analyses shall be forwarded
to tbe Secretary so soon after the receipt of
the samples as they can be completed, and I
beg leave at this time, before the publication
of such work, to present a preliminary re
port on the important subject of the valua
tion of fertilizers, to sta-e the values deter
mined upon as proper for the several ele
ments of fertility, and to discuss the reasons
that have led to such determination.
VALUATION OF FERTILIZERS.
The value to the planter of an article used
fir the- purposes of fertilization admits of
two estimations:
1. As regards the good it will do bis land
and tbe increased returns it will yield by its
use. This may be termed an agricultural
value, and is one appreciated by the planter
only. *
2. Regarding the price in money for which
the article may be obtained in the markets
of the world. This may be called a com
mercial value, and is the same to tbe planter
as o all others who would wish to deal in
the article. *
These two values are separate and distinct,
and bear no necessary relation whatever to
each otaer. The agricultural value is one of
great diversity, and admits of no general
rule by which it can be regulated. It de
pends upon the nature of the soil to which
the fertilizer is applied, upon the functions
of each chemical element the latter contains
in promoting vegetable growth, (a point
which, to say the least, is not yet absolutely
determined,) upon the changes of season, and
npon a variety of other circumstances, for
which it is impossible to propose any general
law which will permit the determination of
a fixed money value.
Ihe commercial value, however, does ad
mit of an estimation. Such value of a ma-
□ioulated fertilizer is directly dependent
upon tbe value of the materials of which it
was manufactured—i. e. upon the price in
money for which these materials can be had
in tbe general market, proper allowance
being made, of course, for cost of manipula
tion and a reasonable profit. . ~
While, therefore, it is manifestly impossi
ble to fix upon and express in dollars and
cents any general agricultural value for a fer
tilizer, it is clearly possible to do so, with
tolerably close approximation to fairness for
the commercid value, and the estimation of
this latter is what I conceive to be my duty
under the resolutions referred to above.
It is admitted that in purchasing a fertili
zer the planter does bo to obtain a supply of
i one ormore of the following articles, which
the teachings of science and practical ex
periments have shown to be especially fitted
for purposes of fertilization, viz:
Phosphoric Acid, soluble in water or other
wise.
Potash, soluble in water.
Nitrogen, In various forms, suited to assim-
atinn by tbe plant.
Professedly, the agricultural value is
measured by tbe relation of these
ingredients alone£ to fertility, and, since
thi sa are tbe ingredients for whose sake the
fertilizer is bought, its commercial value is
necessarily dependent upon the number of
pounds and the money value per pound of
such that it contains. It would bo unfair to
require the planter to pay more for given
quantities of these articles mixed under the
name of a special fertilize, than he could
obtain them for else where (allowing for cost
of mixing ) and to guard against this unfair
ness shall be the object of the work of .this la-
bratory.
It mu9t be remembered that the cheapest
(in assigned mo ay value) fertilizer is not al
ways the best or cheapest (absolutely) for the
planter’s use. Tho requirements of each
special case mtTst determine this latter point
A given soil to produce a given crop may
require a considerable amount of nitrogen
(for instance) and but little potash. Under
other conditions the requirements may be re
versed. The value (agricultural) of the same
fertilizer would evidently be very different in
the two cases. What would pay handsomely
in one might prove a bad investment in the
other, though the same price were given in
both cases
The planter mast determine for himself,
from his peculiar condition and the publ shed
analyses, which fertilizer will best suit him;
the assigned values will only tell him wheth
er he pays a fair or an unfair price for the
article.
Tbe prices of the substances enumerated
above, are of course, different for different
localities iu the State, and are liable to varia
tion for the same locality at different times.
I'he b tsis adopted in this present work will
be for the season of 1873- 74, and for cash
payment iu currency in Savannah, Georgia.
A fair valuation for other localities may, of
course, be deduced by merely adding the
freight from Savannah. Finally, it may be
stated, that for tbe figures to be given below,
nothing more is claimed than a tolerably close
approximation to tbe truth, since it is mani
festly impossible to establish anything like a
delicately exact valuation.
I shall now proceed to discuss the estima
tion cf values: *
I.—PHOSPHORIC ACID INSOLUABLE IK WATER.
The form iu which this ingredient occurs
in fertilizers is usually as a combination
with lime, forming tbe so-called Bone Phos
phate of Lime. Occasionally it is found (in
the lower grade of fertilizers) combined with
iron, but such combination is not recognized
as a proper or legitimate source for fertilizing
purposes. The principal articles employed
directly as sources of this element are "fine
ground bone” made from bones, and “South
Carolina ground bone,” obtained by finely
grinding the tossiliferousphosphatic deposits
of South Carolina.
South Carolina Ground Bone,” yielding
from 28 to 30 per cent, anhydrous phospho
ric acid (guaranteed analysis) can be pur
chased in Savannah for $30 per ton, (of 2,00->
pounds,) a price that would .fix the value of
the aciu at 5 cents per pound.
“Fine Ground Bone” contains, in addition
to phosphoric acid, a small per centsge of
nitrogen.
An article can be obtained at $47 per ton
(3,000 pounds), guaranteed to contain 23 per
cent phosphoric acid, and 3 per cent, nitro
gen. Assuming, for the present, that nitro
gen is worth 30 cents per pound, we should
nave, in the ton: 60 pounds nitrogen at $18,
and 460 pounds phosphoric acid at $29, or at
6.3 cents per pound.
Another article can be had at $50, guaran
teeing 27 per cent, phosphoric acid and 3 per
cent nitrogen.
Sixty pounds nitrogen at $18, and 640
pounds phosphoric acid at $32, would yield
tbe latter at (*boui) 6 cents per pound.
Still another is obtainable at $50, yielding
22 per cent phosphoric acid, and 45 per cent
nitrogen.
Niueiy pounds nitrogen at $27, and 440
pounds phosphoric acid at $2J, yields the
latter at 5.2 cents per pound.
A mean of these resolutipns would fix phos-
hODric acid at 5* cents per pound, and inas
much as this value is nearly that deduced
from South Carolina bone, in which this in
gredient occurs as the only one of value, it
may be accepted as a fair and equitable
valuation.
L POTASH.
The sources whence this element of fer
tility is now obtained on any large scale are
practically limited, almost exclusively to the
German salts of patash, obtained from Stass-
fnrt. These salts are commonly the muri
ate and the sulphate, (called kainit,) and are
to be had in various degrees of concentration.
The muriate is by far the cheapest and it is
this form that is usually employed by the
manufacturer. 8tassfart salts guaranteed to
contain 82 per cent chloride of potassium,) or
54 per cent, potash) can be bought for $65 per
ton (2,000 pounds,) a price that would give
potash the valuation of, say, 6$ cents per
pound.*
Kainit, containing 33 per cent Sulphate
of Potash (or 12 per cent. Potash) costs $30
1 >er ton, a price that would bring the cost of
Potash to 12* cents, but this must be looked
upon as exceptionally high and not to be
taken as a standard for the value of this
element.
m. NITROGEN.
The sources from which Nitrogen in an
assimilated form u mainly derived are, Pe
ruvian Guano, Fish Guauo, the crude Sul-
ihateof Ammonia of the gas works, dried
flood and other refuse, and the fine ground
bone before mentioned.
Tbe Penman Guano (Gu&nape) now sold
at $60 in gold, or $66 currency per ton of
2,240 pounds wiil average about 9 per cent
ot Nitrogen and 18 per cent. Insoluble Phos
phone Acid. 291 pounds of the latter (13
per cent) at 51 cents per pound.
*Offcrs of have been made of this same ar
ticle at $50 and $55 per ton, but the highest
price is taken to avoid all possible chance of
making the valuation too low.
would be-about $10, leaving $50 to pay for
201 pounds of nitogen, (9 per cent.,) making
toe cost of the latter 25 cents per pound.
This estimation is made without including
the small per centages of potash and soluble
phosporic acid always found in Peruvian
guano, and which would reader the values
of nitrogen still lower. This is unquestion
ably the cheapest form in which available
nitrogen is to be had at this time.
Fish Guano,yielding 6 to 7 per cent; ni
trogen and 6 per cent; insoluble phosphoric
acid can be obtained at $37 per 2,000 pounds.
Allowing 51-2 cents per pound for the acid,
this gives a value for nitrogen also of about
25 cents per pound.
Crude snlpnate of ammonia,obtained from
abroad, yielding 20 per cent Nitrogen costs
$140 per ton (2,000 Ida). This gives to the
nitrogen from this sonree a value of -35 cents
per pound. This is the most expensive of the
sources above mentioned, and, in consequence,
this article is not used oh a very extensive
scale by the manufacturer.
Allowing the above valuation for phospho
ric acid, (insoluble,) the mean value of nitro
gen deduced from the analyses and prices-of
tine ground bone before quoted is 30 cents per
pound. .
I am informed that the better forms of
dried blood and manipulated slaughter-home
refuse can be obtained at such prices as will
yield nitrogen also at SO cents per pound.
It would seem, therefore, that the valuation
of 30 cenis per pound would, on the whole*
represent a fair price for nitrogen, and W
about as reasonably as tbe planter could ex
pect to purchase this element at this timet , g
IV. PHOSPHORIC ACID, SOLUBLE IN WATER.
Tne natural form in which phosphoric acid,
occurs is as an insoluble compound—the bona
phosphate of lime before mentioned. By
treatment with sulphuric acid a portion of
this compound is broken up (chemically) and
another foimed which is soluble iu water,
consisting of phosphoric acid, lime and
water, and known as superphosphate of
lime. The commercial price per pound for
phosphoric acid soluble in water should,
therefore, include not only the value of the
raw material, but also the cost of this treat
ment—in all its senses of actual labor and
interest upon capital outlaid. This in fact
constitutes the only recognized “manipula
tion" for which the planter should pay, and
in the value of this article is, therefore, in
cluded all legitimate allowance for “cost of
manufacture,” “reasonable profit,” etc. Since
the planter generally cannot mmuf-cturo for
himself he must purchase his superphosphate
reedy made and the commercial value (to
lime) of the article is the cheapest general
price at which he can obtain it in the mar
kets, whether thi3 price be a fair or an unfair
one, (it standing, in this respect, upon the
same basis as all other manufactured articles.)
Three standard (recognized) articles of
dissolved bone or superphosphate, in a con
centrated condition, and whose only claimed
values are the amounts of soluble phosphoric
acid they contain, can be had in Savannah.
One,guaranteed to contain 11 percent,
soluble phosphoiic acid, costs $39 per ton
(3,000 lbs). Thss gives the acid a value of
i7$ cents per pound.
Another, guaranteed to contain 13 per cent,
costs $40 50. This furnishes tho acid at 16$
cants per pound.
The third, guaranteed to contain 131-2
ber cent, costs $42 50, which yields the acid
at 15$ cents per pound.
The last is undoubtedly tho cheapest and
probably the heat (as it is most concentrated)
for the planter’s use, but, as the difference in
prices would seem to indicate that it coats
more, proportionately, to manufacture a less
concentrated article than one more so, it
would probably be more just to take tha
mesa of these values as a fair one, and to
estimate the value of phosphoric acid soluble
iu water at 16$ cents per pound.
A comparison of this value with tho prices
of the lew good commercial fertilizers recog
nized as standards in the market would seem
to confirm the opinion that it is, in evrey
way, fair and equitable.
There is another combination of phos
phoric acid with lime, that is not soluble in
water, and yet is unlike the “insoluble” bone
phosphate before mentioned. It differs from
this latter in being soluble in solutions of
certain salts, such as ammonium citrate.
This compound is present in some comraer-
ial fertilizers, but the exact mode of its for
mation therein is not, at this time, under
stood. It is generally believed tbat it is pro
duced by the reversion of a portion of the
once soluble compound to this form insoluble
in water. Hence this form of acid has been
termed “Reduced Phosphoric Acid.” It
seems tolerably clearly established tbat fer
tilizers do lose, in course of time, a
port'on of their soluble acid, and
gain a corresponding amount ot the “re
duced” form. Therefore, since the “reduced”
acid entailed, at one time, the same cost a
the soluble—it would appear but just to have
the same value (commercial) to the former
as has been given to the latter. At any rata,
* am unable, with our present knowledge of
the “ reduced ” acid to arrive at any other
conclusion than this, *hich is certainly fair
to the manufacturer, and [robably equally so
to the planter.*
I'mav here state, in recapitulation, the
values determined upon for the elements of
fertility mentioned, viz:
Insolnble phosphoric acid 6>; cents per lb
“ Redu.-eo ” pbo-pnorlo acid 16J£ cents p*r lb
Pbo.-pborlc acid, solublo in water...lb}; ceu-sper lb
P.itaab. 6>£ cents per lb
Nitrogen ...J — .Su cent a per lb
As to what values should bB given to phos-
ihoiic acid in other combinations than with
ime, to nitrogen in the forms of leather
scrap, shoddy, etc., and to potash in certain
insoluble salts, I am not prepared to dtcide,
but, since the majority of planttrs would
probably not willingly purchase such sub
stances, I shall, in the work entrusted to me,
take no account of their presence.
Finally, it may be objected that no provi
sion has been made for the presence in some
fertilizers of such substances as common salt,
plas er, eta, which have a certain value and
are said to increase the agricultural value of
the compound.
To this it may be remarked that the
articles used in this way are generally so ex
ceedingly low-priced tbat their presence
would not affect, except to a very slight de
gree, the estimated value of the fertilizer.
Begging that you will transmit this to the
Secretary of the agricultural society as an
official paper of the State College, I have
the honor to be,
Very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
H. C. White,
Professor of Chemisiiy.
* No opinion is expressed here as to the
relative agricultural values of "reduced” and
“soluble” phosphoric acid. Some practical
experiments have indicated that in this res
pect the “reduced is of equal value with the
“soluble”
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