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VOL. 2-NO. 123. Dailv News and Herald. SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, SATURDAY, JUNE 2. 1866. PRICE. 5 CENTS. PUBLISHKD BY s. W. MASON. ill Hay Street, ^ayaknail Qw> A i Q. Have they capacity to learn ? A. Tcrsome extent they hare. The little children learn rapidly to read and write. But their capacity is limited, I think. They are imitative, but without ambition. They will learn, but cannot apply their learning. Q. Has not this been caused by their long degrada tion in slavery? Will they not now have sufficient stimulus to produce a different result ? A. We be lieve not. In fact we view the whole matter from a stand point so different from that of Northern men that there is little room for debate. Q. Will you state whether you are not a believer in slavery, and whether most Southern men share your opinion ? A. Emphatically so. I believe that so far trom the black mail's degradation by slavery, he was exalted by it, and that to the best condition he has ever enjoyed, and to the best of which, as a race., he is capable. For some thousands of years he lias been in contact with white civilizations, and has ever as pired to serve the master race. He seeks the menial employments, wherever he is found. Even in North ern States, alter half a century of freedom, I find him uo where teaching your schools, filling your pulpits or Legislative halls ; but blacking your boots and clean ing your stables and ditches. By appropriating him to this department and to manuel industry, taking his service and paying him by thinking and providing for him we believe we served God and the cause of humanity. And as the questions have led to this point, please to indulge me in reciting some of the evidence that my researches have furnished, that this people have seen their best condition and will never flourish again. Q. Certainly. Proceed. A. Our census-takers fur nish industrial and vital statistics from which there is no appeal. They show three points that I will state from memory. 1. The free black in the Northern States, in spite of the continual supplies from the South, decreased, in the last decennial period, nearly eight per cent, in uumbers. 2. The free blacks of the Southern States increased about as much, making a difference of sixteen per cent, while 3. The slave black by his side increased twenty-four per cent, in numbers. Taking, then, the axiom of political science, that the reproductiveness of a people is the most unfailing evi dence oi their social condition, the slave black has been in a better coudition than an3 r other people, white or black, on this continent. It iH to this conclusion i hat you may impute our tenacity in defending the system. Our experience had taught us how to con sult the best interest of both races, and we found them in precise harmony; believed the blacks were de signed by Providence as a supplement to the white race, and that to this institution, in part, we owed the higher civilization we claimed. Q. Please define what you mean by “higher civili zation?” A. The pride of character, the chivalrous tone, and the lil&rality and hospitalities of our people; the broad views and great genius of our public men; the delicacy, modesty and refinement, and yet the lofty spirit of our women. We had a society without gossip, envy or fanaticism; a population of millions without beggars or paupers. Whether this was higher civilization is matter of opinion. Certainly it had a different type, and oue which would not longer harmonize with yours; and hence the necessity, as we believed, of separation. Q. Then you were a Secessionist originally? No; I was a revolutionist, and this merged, in my view, all minor questions of a State’s right to secede. The right of a people to change their rulers and their form of government was questionable only with ty rants, and such I was ready to resiSt from the date of Mr. Lincoln's election. Q. Was this the general view of Texans, or were there many who opposed it? A. There were many who voted against secession, but a large majority for I do not remember the difference. But after the vote was taken, and the result declared, the people were nearly a unit in support of the measure. Q. Tliero were then not many loyal people in Texas? A. They were almost unanimously loyal—that is, to their Government. A few men of influence and cha racter left the State under the influence of the Presi dent's proclamation giving forty days for departure; and a few men who had wielded influence remained, utterly without influence, but opposed, as was under stood, to the Government. Q. Were such persons safe? A. Not entirely so. An expression of their opposi tion would have endangered the best of them. They received such epithets as Southern sympathizers in your Northern States, but were not so generally punished. Some were arrested. Q. Were many put to death ? our surrender aud parole. I that 1 k ' u0 "’ of - tt T wa9 stat f d that ’ ou the itli. We need uo watching, “ e were hung. I was not in service m ° that quarter, aud such obituaries were not likely to bo published. Q. Are they safe now in returning ? A. Many have returned, and I believe all are unmolested. General ly they are not much respected. Some are now iu the Convention. Oue is Governor. Q, What portion of the Convention are known as Union men ? A. I am not informed. I have seen a statement that eleven were what we term Bad-4 cals. Q. What will your Convention probably do ? A. I believe they will acquiesce in all that has been pre scribed to States reorganizing, viz: the abolition of slavery by the Government of the United States; the surrender of secession; the repudiation or the Con federate debt, and the recognition of civil rights in the late slave. Q. Will the people of Texas probably prepare for the enfranchisement of the negro, or such of them as may meet certain qualifications of property and in telligence ? A. Never, as I believe. They hold to a distinction of race that they have a repugnance to compromise. They do not believe in the capacity of the negro for republican citizenship, and if they did, will not consent to affiliate with him. In this they are probably as stubborn as the people of the North, who, like them, feel the repugnance of race that God has planted in our instinct^. Q. You stated in the former part of your testimony that the census tables exhibit a great disparity in the reproductive power of the negro in ireedom and slavery. Please state to the Committee how you account for the difference. A. The difference between the free blacks, Nol’th and South, is chiefly due to climate, I believe, the tropica being the native clime of the negro. But it maj - be partially due to the readiness with which all destitution is relieved at the South. As before, we have no poorhouses antkno beggars. The difference between the free aud slave blacks is chie^y due to two special causes—the care w r e take of infants, and the protection of the marriage relation in slavery. Th<? discipline and police of the plantation enforces faithfulness in husband and wife, aud secures, as a consequence, the prolifigacy of families. There is little continence in the race, free or slave, and no pride of chastity. Promiscuous commerce is fatal to fecundity. This is recognized almost universally by those who know them well by close observation. Negro mothers are proverbially reckless of, and cruel to, their off spring. Blacks, whether infant or adult, have little of the vital force to resist disease that whites have. When they get sick, unless well cared for, they die. The owner’s interest in his slave (and possibly a little sense of duty aud humanity) prompts him to take care of every life. N nrseries are established on plantations, supervised by the doctor and the mistress, that save the lives of infants. The mother only comes to nurse her child, aud is too happy to b6 rid of further care. She has little of the affection for her young that char acterizes white mothers, or many of the lower animals. Her devotion to the children of her mistress is ofton far greater" than to her own. These facts will explain why the negroes lately emancipated are dying so fear- full y. They have to thank the emancipator for taking the life of one of every four, in this brief time; and the process will continue, iu spite of Faneuil and Exeter Halls,'Civil Rights bills, and the Freedmen’s Bureau. Even the luxury of voting would not save the race from the doom of freedom and death. Q. Has the mortality been no great as represented ? A. I believe it has never been exaggerated. I have seen it estimated at one-fourth the whole number, and do not think it too great a figure. Had slavery given as many stripes, all Christendom would have been horrified. Emancipation, black with its million graves, gets only pa»ans of praise the world over. Time and history will, we believe, change the song, despite the hurried records and willing testimony of the Lossings, the Abbotts, and the Bancrofts. Q. Is the good order yon represent in the Southern States the result of total abandonment of the struggle, or is it from the temporary necessity of quiet? Would the struggle be willingly resumed ? A. Permit me to explaiu in reply to these queries. Thero is no in tention anywhere to renew the contest. When we sur rendered and were paroled, we did so in good faith, and will keep our parole as long as the conditions are fulfilled. To doubt this is to mistake entirely the Southern character. When they surrendered they gave it up; and any doubt of their good faith is offen sive, so much so that, personally, they will resent it. They surrendered as men, as your equals upon hon orable tprms, and will keep faith to the letter, and fight those who doubt it. Q. What did they give up ? questions at stake, Q. What were those questions as you understood them ? A. The right to a separate nationality and in dependence, on our part. A central government, ignoring State rights, and the destruction of slavery, on the part of the United States. Q. You speak, of the terms of submission. Wh terms do you mean ? A. Those stipulated in actual surrender, of protection in person and property, so long as we should obey the laws ; and those submitted by the President of the United States in his procla- illations and plan of reorganization. ThuB far we have endeavored to comply with all requirements, reason able and oppressive, and held our peace, lest com plaint! might be misconstrued into disloyalty, as they have been elsewhere. Q. Ia the present leeling the same as heretofore ? A I think not. The return of good feelmg haa been greatly repressed, I think, by the rejection of mem • Five Ccnt9. *3 to. YcVif ilO 00. AJlVF.BTISI.nQ; V er Square of Ten Lines for first in- 1 om: Dollar for each subsequent one. f t j <» H PRINTING, ?er y piyir, neatly and promptly done. ^>*11 MOW BEFOllE THE COMMIT TEE OF FIFTEEN. Bold Witness on tlie Stand. fh* Presence ol the Military Unnecessary and Injurious, and tlie Bureau a Nuisance. i i.XTKAL DIRECTORY CATCH A TARTAR. (From the Richmond Whig.] find in the New York News of last Thursday the .ui.ny In lore “the Central Directory” at Washing- i « ■!. 1‘orshey, of Texas, copied by the News u r-aus paper, in which it was published by CoL ! y himself. Col. F. was summoned before the : ml toe at tlie instance of Hon. Reverdy Johnson, | Rryland. His answers to the interrogatories pro- i« d to bin: by its members are precise, perti- jii.l pregnant to a degree that wo have observed -.■•testimony of no other witness. The Committee, •ms-hided as most of them are, must have felt s rlists pretty keenly. We append the questions ’jhwcih in lull: •vt'oUN BY THE CHAIRMAN OF THE COMMITTEE. , ot wliat .State are you a resident, and how A. I have resided twelve years iu Texas. 11 mi what State did you emigrate to Texas ? A. I'uuitoboa Virginian, though chiefly reared iu whither my father removed from Virginia in my [ I : 1 received my collegiato education at [••on College, Ohio, my military and scientific ele- L.sat West Point; my life of manhood has been [ ’ : .a Louisiana and Texas. f Have you been in the rebel service, and in what I A. I have served during the war—was Lieut. [‘ - l. i Engineers, chiefly engaged iu the defences I/i the Mississippi. I What knowledge have you of the condition and I .m m .if tin* people of the Slates lately in rebel- l ^.aisi the United States? A. I think I have I i knowledge as to the three Southwestern I -.. i which my acquaintance is very extensive, 1.1-rliaps may assume to have a fair degree of I :i Knowledge as to tlie other Confederate States, I l have m ide the matter a continual subject ,ury and observation, aud without knowing ^uiiii information desired, will answer when I ’ what is the state of public order and obedience l umd States authorities in Texas, and the relates of which you have knowledge? A. Good . whedieuce are universal in Texas and else- :.s I believe. It lias never been otherwise in . unless possibly ou the Rio Grando frontier luv l»; occasional exceptions among the turbu- mrlictcrs, that have uo special habitation either . f jin- border. 11. ist state whether that good order you describe : * ill.- presence and authority of tlie United mtr .ms, and whether, upon their removal, there J u-t be disorder aud disloyalty ? A. It is cer- l .a no degree due to the presence of troops. any exceptions to the remark may bo imputed v. irritating fact that soldiers are about. Their ..il would be everywhere-a public blessing, un it .m the frontier to guard against Iudiaus Itiiean robbers. u> do you say “irritating?” are they not well J'* A. Generally they’ arc, but their presence rstood us an emblem of our submission, i yonet is a symbol of our subjugation, and is us an evidence that received in good faith. ;irally dislike the guards that watch us. aid loyal men bo safe among you without i protection ? A. All men were safe before us any Federal authority among us. After the 1,-r we wore months without officers or iaw. i.r.h-r vacated or annulled all official functions, rot-.I us of every species of legal restraint, and furnished no substitute for the authority -... d Troops have not at anytime reached ilur generally, and yet, throughout the vast iYvis, just replenished by the return of fifty «,.d •h'iunded soldiers, there was as good order, - mu h respect for rights and morals as in any .u. : t.»lco, or elsewhere. I regard it as a great ,;r civilization; I wish the fact to be put on re- .. mr i.i\«*r. Tun same was true, as I believe, in . [ southern States. Not a single resistance authority has ever taken place to the pre- m,l when it is considered that nearly half a . in. ii luivo j(1*31 »etuined from u conflict ol •■air, .ii which they have f- Utfht lor national hie . .. we think they should claim a respect that remove sentinels and disband the armies, ltd black, that watch us. k.1 ^. ncrally believed that the troop9 are kept . ic (ht -people? A. l’erliaps that would too . \press it. They feel it is calculated to . mid that those who order it are reckless of •Vi believe it to bo obvious to all, both North li, that negro troops placed to guard their is viewed with repuguance and proper n by every mau, woman and child of true tlie‘South; and some of the military treat- lu South is accepted by them as intended to m gro troops been generally sent as garri- exas v A. Fortunately they have not. On r they have been scut in great numbers, .• \. i> little population there and do not ualvcston they have had them, but only : . i from other service. I fear that the re- ..ki hn\ i been serious had they been geuer- •i cugh Texas. There are some tliiugsqur • kl.irs w*»uid not hear, and I believe that is icrqmstiou as to the safety of loyal meu I daily answered. From the time of surren- 1 wel.: ue» uts and drummers, aud cotton buy- twi... Northern States all over Texas; and at ilmy and other emigrants and travellers loyal States, so-called, probably number >in It-xas. In no case have they been in- i. su f.u as I know. If there have been ex tra wiTe doubtless the result of imprudent r ivnsorious language. This will provoke si iYt' rt aud chastisement anywhere in .. who mind their owl; business will be * : d It ib one of our habits to mind our own <uiu t.icxpect aud require it of others. We • ive meu who bring capital to help us shattered fortunes, and do not care whence' I believe these re-marks hold good for all Giifcderate States. • jur people view the Freedmen’s Bureau as • ao.i needful institution, aud profitable in • •I'ii.'huieBt of negro labor ? A. They do m>t. G lay own observation and the testimiffiy •alliances, with whom 1 have just compared - Uihve flistaut portions of our great State, •iweottlu Freedmen’s Bureau is universally •' •‘lid the institution is viewed by the peo- • s; uuaunnoubly, as a nuisance. This remark accurfliug to my information, to the other A. For various causes ; the Bureau is 1 fur as I can learn, by persons having c l our people or of the negroes; they J import id from a distance and are autag- - - feeling to the people, aud self-sufficient as and their despotic power seems to rjflnifcd thi-ir heads; even when * well disposed i they are so profoundly ignorant of ; : f l tkey have to deal with, as to blunder con- excite ridicule; in Texas we have been •11 the ehief of the Bureau, who was a 1 exceedingly self-sufficient man; he be- . o-ichiug to the negroes, and offending so- social treatment of them; we don’t need * 1,1 tench us social relation or a labor sys- [ ■■■ J-ffeuded nsjby bis arrogance, and turned ‘the pi*>r ignorant negroes. ' '■ manage tbe institution better your- 'ould you r people deal fairly aud humanely •-Tpas’. flic institution Is offensive iu | • ‘ nuisance iu practice. If left to ourselves l *•’ '■! it, as tbe only management it deserves. L ‘ Kvbably pass but few laws relating to tbe ■■■ L-t '.v(iy^fc.,ot apply to whites; and as to Hit- best aud ouly real friend the negro “■ is his old master. This the poor deluded ' iH.t discovering, and many thousands | . ’ to their former homes, tired of the free- - ''’upon them, which they never sought. _ i ' -uM you better the matter? Would tbe Li i -H" - n '* ru to slavery 1 A. There is no ■ or disposition anywhere to re-enslave the . ,' fc ! tegard that as entirely a settled ques- _ '/‘-'l- oTU.lr if they desired it. It would he . f,u tuy part to submit a plan eitempo- •’ pen which our people would work. I can - :v ‘be views of a private citizen, who has t. in, ,, r aspired to, political position. I iaud believe it would find favor with stlcla legislation as should, compel all men " i!tl their contracts for services, in kind. enlly. We have not respectable material for that purpose, if so disposed. One- or two men, such as Judge Hancock aud Judge Evans, who have been spoken of for the Senate, and who have preserved their integrity and respect for their people, though disagreeing with them in the matter of secession, might be elected as a compromise; bat they under stand an election as giving them a choice, and they could not choose the men they have been fighting,and who have aided in their subjugation. Certainlyrthay expect admission on reorganization, as a part of the bond, but will not be greatly disappointed at a rejec tion, common to the other States. If they are read mitted, they will deem it but in accordance with the plan they accepted in good faith. If not, there are many who wili say, “that is just what we said before; we are out oi the Union;" and many would be very glad of the result, if it could be done with peace; per haps three-fourths of the State. But they all desire peace above all things, and will do nothing to provoke further trouble. This they have amply proved by submitting to such unreasonable exaction as they think. The best, and I think the only method of staying the ebb tide of good feeling would be at once to withdraw all troops from among the people of the South, except at the coast and frontier garrisons, to disband the entire negro force, to abolish every vest ige of the Freedmen’s Bureau, and to adjpit the rep resentatives of the revolutionary States, -*po& tiw situ ■ gle condition ot their taking the oath required by tbe Constitution. Time will doubtless, in this-rCgse, as-* snage feelings that have been too intensely enlisted ti> subside at once. Their arms and tbe Graves of tlxc Confederate Read in Vir ginia. It will be gratifying to those of our readers who have relatives and friends among the Confederates who fell in the battles around Richmond to know that their graves are not neglected. We take the following from the Richmond Whig of Tuesday last: In the Grave Yard.—Their spirits have passed away, their bones are mouldering iiOp dust, but their memories will be, as they ought to be, fresh and green iu the hearts of or oeople forever. They rose in dark and evil days, tin \lfant Confederates, to strike for native land, but* \ final victory did not crown their struggle, tht. vrth fame untarnished, leav ing behind them ax Ni a fame imperishable— “Twice—thrice be the t. for uo common devo tion Was theirs to the country .at called them their own; The pulse of their hearts, like the tide of the ocean. Flowed true to the land of their fathers alone.” All over the suuny South they sleep. No more, Oh! never more, shall the light of their eye3 gladden the homes in which they were bora—fathers and brothers, and sons and husbands—they have left behind them many an aching heart and tear bedimmed eye, but they have left to their posterity that proud heritage embodied in the words— “For his country he lived, for bis country he died." They are not forgotten, thauk God they are not. Cold must ta the heart that could stand above their graves unmoved. Thank God amongst our people there are but few hearts so cold as to forget them, and for those few we have but scorn. One anthem of praise from the Potomac to tlie shores of far off Texas is chanted to their memories from the lips of lisping childhood and the tongue of the stricken iu age. They are not forgotten, as might be seen at Hollywood yes terday, where over one thousand of their survivora— many oi them comrades in different detachments— went lovingly to work in clearing from weeds, re mounding and adorning the graves, arranging the walks, aud placing headboards over tbe immortal dead. Wboso has a soul in him could not witness that sight without deep emotion—the earnest labor of tbe workers, the saddened aspect of their faces, the tender and anxious care with which each sod was placed and each board set up, the drooping heads and tear-moistened eyes of the gentle and devoted women who Btood looking on, or in their own way aided in this act of touching affection, and then the blessed sunlight pouring down on all aa if in joy at what was being done, while a gentle wind sighing through the trees, and the murmuring waters of the James sang most sweet requiem to glorious memory of the dead. All, all, waa such scene as uo pen could portray, nor painter’s brush could do justice to. It was well and nobly done; no lagging band was there, for each heart was in each hand; and glad we are to say that the good and holy work will bo con tinued until every Confederate grave within this city’s reach shall be cared for. Two-thirds of the graves in Hollywood were tended yesterday, and on Wednesday evening next the work will be renewed, and no mat tock will be idle until tbe whole work is complete. Never was call answered with more enthusiasm; never was devotion more deserved. Vo. ior k v ii iWtai •it ’0- MANUFACTURED BY may2;»-3m. Commission Merchants. year, under penalty of working ou i bers from States already Reorganized. There seema ... * l lI A- 1 _A- i l nnll a tpftr thlt mfiV . J'L »nd trt a t them jUBtiy, and most men even j ■ . sported antagonism which fills Northern r ! tri 18 not merely exaggerated. It ismanu- L ‘ 01 *hole cloth—it is lalse. No suchan- l8t * • aufl collisions have occurred only, i:^!" 11 knowledge, where negroes have been •» . ’ ncputlence and hostility by opinions of oi tbe Freedmen’s Bureau. This .' tolerated. <0 lrt *-diuon gone to work in Texas? afld **•' A. I am informed that they have j ‘ tlie first of January. Up to that time ■ u-’Ui- ‘-xpectatiou of something more than ^ “' Ii bait only deprived them of homes. . ,, n °tliing hut work would get bread, they : , ^'Jjnilly at good wages: meu at $8 to $15, J 0. , ° V12 per mouth, they doting tliom- I ‘: !, inters have ^flred by giving a share [Mb, J u **" l, tih to ono-third. V ul ^position to educate and Christianize ould first endeavor to find bread aud 1 think no one would oppose thfflr 1 u * u "«i°u lor themselves, like other poor Vr U 1 ‘tuubtless bo well if they could read ■:•/ Luh hitherto been taught them gra- *i 1 j Y v,1| bo well if the negro can main tain U,, ruh Kioua teachings he has enjoyed. I ! HTM L il mvself. as be will have to keep neither disposition nor capacity to ^ Edition of hi» race. He haa no hia- Jua* nothing without or within, to stim- IV ‘L^l’hatiSS above fte service of tlfe lfc tofore hia master has furnished Ruction, to the extent that one single Methodist Church, Sfcuth, reports hundreds of thousands. This is at have to pay for their ownre- I ^Kdflte other free people. have been decoyed into the steps they have taken, and much apprehension. And should this be continued after the Texas Representatives get here, there will be, I fear, a great revulsion of feeling. Q. What will they do in that case ? • A. I cannot answer. They cannot resort to arms, because they have surrendered them. They are tired of war, and utterly broken in fortunes. But they are not without the spirit that feels indignation at broken faith and continued oppression. Q. In case of a war with any other power, how would your people act” A. I cannot answer directly. Should they not be admitted into the Union, as expected, they ‘certainly would not feel called npon to resist the enemy. If ad mitted they want peace above all things, and would not unite in an aggressive war upon Mexico, Canada, Cuba, or any other nation. In case of invasion sweep ing over them, they would resist aud do their whole duty. a« they have heretofore done in two wars. But •they desire peace above all things, and take vc*ry little interest in politics. They have gene to work to mend their fortunes, and are determined to prosper, what ever the political coudition of the country. They be lieve that the Northern States have possession of the Government, and are determined at all hazards to keep it. “They therefore look to the support of their fami lies, aud are # indifferent about general politics. So long as they can make a living, in'spite of the tax- collector, £hey may he quiet But if the State should be rejected, as the others have been, I should rattier have any other office than tax-gatherer. Taxation without representation is tyranny, and they will so regard it, in my judgment. Q: Do they expect admission at once to representa tion, and.will they elect loyal men to Congrm*?. A. If by loyal men, you mean such as could take the teat The Trial of Jefferson Davis. Thq following article, from the National Intelligen cer, will be read with much interest: The present references to the trial of Mr. Davis have called public attention to this subject, which very naturally, in a large degree, interests the public mind. The indictment in the usual form for treason has been found by tbe Grand Jury in the United States Circuit Court at Norfolk.. Mr. Davis is indicted under the act of 1790. under which the penalty, ou conviction, is death. He could have been indicted under the act of July 31, 1861, fora seditious conspiracy, the punishment lor which is line not over $5,000, and imprisonment, with or without hard labor, not over six years. One of the most important points is tbe drawing of the petit jury, who are charged with the trial of the prisoner. The jury is to be drawn according to lot, or other wise, according to the mode practiced in the State for selecting juries for the highest courts of law. The number of jurors to be summoned is left to the dis cretion of the court, as at common law. The act of July 16, 1852, repeals so much of the act of 1789 as requires, in cases punishable with death, that twelve petit jurors be summoned from the county where the offence was committed. Under the act of June 17,1862, no person is allowed to sit on the jury who was iu any degree of complicity with the rebellion. This is an act of controlling im portance, because it insures that the trial shall be be fore a loyal jury. Mr. Davis cannot be tried by any of his confede rates. His fate will rest entirely with his political op ponents. '*• The jury mu^t be unanimous, or there can be no verdict. This is the invariable rule of the common law, and has existed time whereof the memory of man runneth not to the contrary. The Presiding Judge can rule authoritatively on questions of evidence as they may arise in the pro gress of the trial, but as the jury always, in criminal cases, return a general verdict, guilt)' or not guilty, they are practically the judges of the law as well as the fact, and there is no appeal from their decision. There has never been any exception to this princi ple in the common law, except that iu cases of libel it had frequently been determined by the Court of King’s Bench that the only question for the consideration of the jury, in criminal prosecutions for libel, was the fact of publication and the truth of the inuendoes, and that the Coart alone wss competent to determine whether the subject of the publication was or was not a libel. Aud it was for this ruling of Lord Mansfield that the celebrated Junius so bitterly attacked Lord Mansfield. Lord Camden, the friend of liberty, dif fered from Lord Mansfield, and the matter was finally put to rust by the memorable act of Parliament of 32 George HI, knpwn as Mr. Fox’s act, which deter mined the law against Lord Mansfield’s judgment, by expressly recognizing the right of the jury to deter mine the facts and the law of the case by a general verdict of guilty or not guilty. The trial can ouly end in one of three ways: 1. By verdict of guilt)*. 2. By verdict of not guilty. 3. "By the inability of the jury to agree. In the event of this third alternative arising, the first question which will arise is, whether Mr. Davis will be entitled to bail. The Constitution provides that “in all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial.” In determining whether Mr. Davis, after more thai^ a year’s.close^imprisonment, would be considered, in 1 the event of the disagreement of the jury, to be dis charged on bail, would be a question of legal discre tion to be determined by the judge. By the celebrated habeas coi'pus act of 31 Charles II., it was provided, 6, “that every person committed lor treason or felony shall, if he require it, the first week of the next term, or the first day of the next ses sion of the oyer and terminer, be indicted in that term or session, or else admitted to bail, unless the King’s witnesses cannot he produced; aud if not indicted and tried in the second termor session, he shall be dis- chrrged from his imprisohment for such imputed offence. It is not likely our judges would take a less favor able view of the prisoner’s application than in the rule furnished by this statute. The serious question would be, how many terms of the court have passed since the prisoner was first ar rested ? His counsel would in all probability contend, that by intendment of law, United States Courts were holding their regular terms for the- last twelve mouths in the State of Virginia, or at least might- have done so. A further provision of the constitution might per haps also, in the event of a disagreement of the jury, be invoked in behalf of the prisoner—that one which sets forth as follows : “Nor shall any person be sub ject for the same offence, to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb. The meaning of this rul£ is, that a defendant is in legal jeopardy the moment a petit jury is charged with the decision of his case. But though there has been some difference of opinion on the point, it may be as sumed that when the jury was discharged from the further and fiual decision of the case, because of their inability to agree, the prisoner may be held to be tried anew. At one time in England, where the jury could not agree on a capital case, the judge, instead of discharging them at the cud of the term, had them carted round the circuit with him- This practice, however, is exploded. In case then, of the inability of the jnry to agree, the utmost that the prisoner could ask, from that fact alone, would be the right to be out of prison on bail. Just “to Keep the Child Still,”—The Page County (Iowa) Herald of the 19th pays ; “A sad case of poisoning occurred at Fisher’s Grove, Fremont coun ty, about two weeks since. The victim was a little girl only a few years old, who had been left in charge of a lad of only ten years, while the" mother went to Sydney. On her return she found .her baby dead, .having been poisoned by the boy daring her absence. He confessed to the crime, and ssiys he gave the poison to keep the child stiff. We have heard it intimated that.the mother was accessory to llio heinous crime.” A Pretty Railroad Story.—The Providence (R. I) Journal has the credit of originating this neat little story : “As the midday Worcester train was about leaving the depot yesterday, a man of the Johnsonian style of manners entered one of the cars and gruffly requested that two yqnng ladies occupying separate scats should sit together, that he and his friend might enjoy a tete-a-tete on the other seat *Bnt/ said one of the blushing, ‘this seat ia engaged.’ ‘En gaged, is it? * A young man,’ said the conscientious maiden. ‘Ayoung man, eh! where’s his baggage?’ persisted Ursa Major. Tm hie baggage, Old replied the demure damsel, pursing her rosy bps into the prefcieet pout. ‘Old Hateful* subsided; the young man came in and extended an arm protectingly, I. P. Bous*. W. A. Bryant. Bouse & Bryant, (Formerly of Jacksonville, Fla.,) Forwarding and Commission Merchants, 104 Bay street, SAVANNAH, .... GEORGIA. W ILL give prompt at; ention to receiving and for warding goods, sales on consignment, and all orders; and will also keep constantly on baud a good stock of Groceries, Liquors, Agricultural Imple ments, Building Materials, Fairbanks & Co’s Scales, &c., besides other goods and manufactured articles lor sale on consignment, and for which they are agents. Orders and consignments respectfully so- icited. al8-tf McKAY, BLISS & UO., Commission Merchants, I vEALEUS in White Oak and Yellow Pius Timber of ail sizes. Cash advances made on consignments of Timber, Cotton, Naval Stores, Ac. The above-named house offer unnsnai facilities for the sale of Southern Products, and respectfully so licit consignments. MoKAY. BLI8&-A OO. - d21 tawtf • 155 Broadway, N. Y iL MoLRA. T J. H CABT8U. KENNETH McLEA & CO., Commission Merchants 202 BAY STREET, SAVANNAH, 0 A. W~ Advances made on Consignments of Cotton and other produce to our friends in Liverpool and New York. 00-3m THOMAS H. AUSTIN, Genera! Commission and Foreardini MEHOEEAWTT, *95 Bay Street, Savannah, Ga. REFERS TO Wm. M Tunno A Co., Savannah; Nonrse & Brooks, New York; japping, Hanserd A Co., Columbus. m2(MT * davawT&waples 4 FACTORS, Forwardinj; nnd General HMBN MERCHANTS. Having associated our serves in the above business we respectfully solicit consignments. Iu connection with the above, we have a large brick fire-proof building, known a9 the Southern Warehouse, at the corner of Bay and Lincoln streets, and are prepared to take cottou or merchandise on storage. R. J. DAVANT, Jr., W. D. WAPLKS. Of the late firm of Dav&nl A Lawton. - al8-tf JOHN N. NAIHMIS & Ml., Forwarding and Commission MERCHANTS. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN Dry Goods, Groceries, Ac., NOS. 1 AND 2 SAMM1S’ BLOCK, Bay Street, Jacksonville, Florida. ■D. «. lAMMU. Jas.T. Paterson, TIMBER, Lumber & Commission merchant, No. 153 Bay Street, Savaunah, AMD Darien, Georgia. V~ Orders for Lumber solicited. gjjj J. SHAFFER, r-i/->w»w,tMlon Do»lor In all kinds of . FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC FRUITS uro PRODUCE, Wot WaxaiMOTOH Mauxt, Jppoeite US Wert rt, Bulkhead between Barclay and Veseyrtn, • _ NEW TOR. »• Potatoes, Apples and Onions constantly on hand, nnd ont np for the Southern market T.J. Walsh, and 3. H. Parsons. IvW end It BLAIR 4 -BICKFORD, LUMnrfh MANUFACTURERS, AND DEALERS IN TIMBER AND LUM- BElt OF EVERY DESCRIP TION. D OO RS, SASH. AND BUIDS . Mill and Lumber Yard on Canal, near Bryan street Office 190 Bay street, dt8-tf Savannah. Ga. oath or iron-clad aa they term it, they would nol gtOr ductor dapron etartad th* train. most caraanagly, around Ua baggage and Mr. Con-1 poaite the Market, to First-class Board, ^yiTH or without ALWAYS Olf BAm>, Tei-ma, aiitf per X3ay. PETER JONES, Proprietor. Port Royal House, HILTON HEAD, S. C. RIDDELL A x s. arenru.. )u3-tf Pbopiihoii ■. r. boos. Insurance. INSURE AGAINST ACCIDENTS, IN THE Pioneer Company OP THE SOUTH. VENABLE & C Petersburg', Va. Also Manufacturers of Superior “Maccoboy,” “Rappee,” and other Snuffc, Chewing and Smoking Tobacco of every grade. Josiah Macy’s Sons, Sole Agents, I89 & 191 FRONT STREET, NEW YORK. THE SOUTHERN Accident Insurance Co., LYffOBBina, va. Authorized Capital, $1,000,000 INSURES AGAINST ALL ACCIDENTS, Giving the holder of an Annual Policy the full amount insured in came of death, and compensation each week, if disabled, for a period NOT EXCEEDING TWENTY-SIX WEEKS. Hotels. ST. CHARLE^SALOON, B Y A. STAMM, Bay bone, rear ol Post Office.— Tlie beat Liquors, Ales, Wines. Regars, Ac., always on hand, including a choice article ot SELT- ER’d WATER, directly imiiorted from Henaglhum, Nassau, and the best of Rhine Wines. LUNCH every day ar. it o’clock. ml?-1y THE VERANDA HOUSE, A T WHITE FLUFF, will he ope if on and after Monday, the 9th iu,-t., for tbe accommodation ol Boarders, transient or permanent. The subscriber, from his long experience in the bueiuei-s, can eaiely guarantee ibe comfort of those who may give him a call- . _ myw-tf MOSES M. BKL1SARIO. LITE OAK CLUB HOUSE, No. 32 GEORGE STREET, • Charleston, South Carolina, Is now open for the Accommodation of transient au permanent guests. Choicest Liquors, Wines, Ales and Segars CHARLESTON HOTEL, CHARLESTON, S. C. rjIHIS popular and weil known Hotel, sitnated in the A busiucr.s"portion of the city, haa been newly fur nished throughout by the present proprietor, who has been sixteen j ears connected with the establishment, ui-fi-tt .W. WHITE, Proprietor. SHORT TIME POLICIES, ($3,000 lW TEH CENTS!) Travellers’ Tickets, from one to thirty days, may be had at tbe Railroad Ticket Offices, Steamship Agencies, and at the Office of the General Agent. The Stock of this Company is exclusively in Southern bauds, and represented by a Directory widely and favorably known. We, therefore, appeal with confidence to the good will and patronage of the Southern public. OPFXOHH. S. PRESIDENT AND TREASURER, COL. MAURICE 8. LANGHORNE. VINE PRESIDENTS, GEN. JOHN B. GORDON, of Georgia. GEN. HARRY" T. HAYS, of Louisiana. GEN. JOHN B. GORDON, Chief Agent at Atlanta, Ga , Agent for the State. my23 O. C. MYERS, General Agent, SAVANNAH, GA. 490 ACRES OF LAND For One Dollar I TO BE RAFFLED FOR, O N the sixth day of June, one thousand eight hun dred and sixty-six, AT THE SCREVEN HOUSE, . in the city of Savannah, Chatham Connty, state of Georgia, by a committee of gentlemen selected by the subscriber*, 490 ACRES OF LAND, Sit aw ted In Liowndes Connty, nenr Mill- town, State of Georgia. The projected Brunswick and Florida Railroad run ning through the southeast part, offers great facility lor removing to the seaboard the fine cypress, pine aud other timber to be found on this lot, and a hand some sum may be had from the Railroad Company for the privilege of running their cars through it. Arrangements may also he satisfactorily entered into with them (the Railroad Compauy) for making it a wood station to supply their locomotives with fuel. A stream of water runs through this land, and lov ers of the piscatorial art can indulge their fancy at all seasons of the year. The qnalltyof the Boil in Lowndes connty is too highly appreciated for any comments to lie made on the above. TITLES CLEAR—The winner paying for the trans fer of the same to his name, and he (the winner) is to pay also one hundred dollars to the Savannah Fe male Orphan Asylnm. The present owner of tbe land pledges himself to give one hundred dollars to the Savannah Metropolitan Fire Company, if all the subscriptions are taken np. Subscription—Tickets, six thousand in number, at one dollar each. Can he purchased at the Music Store of J. C. SCHREINER A SON, Congress street, Savannah, Georgia, where a Piet of the above named Land can be seen, a9-tf FAMILY SUPPLIES I PRICES REDUCED! Tbe Oldest Accident Insurance Coin’y IN* AMERICA 18 THE Traveler’s Insurance Co. OF HARTFORD, CONN. Net Cash Assets, Feb. 1, ’66, $600,849 72 * Insures against Accidents of all Kinds, CAUSING BODILY INJURY OR LOSS OF LIFE. w s myl Boom; §»d n^in Apply at 114 Bryan street, op- MR8. E. TICK. E wish to call the attention of oar customers to onr splendid stock of SUGARS. TEAS AND COFFEES, embracing every variety of each, which we are offer ing lower than the same qnelity of gpods are being sold ia this city. We have also the beet assortment of MISCELLANEOUS AND FANCY GROCERIES in this city; everything that is needed to enpply the table with, either enbstantiels or delicacies. AU of which we are offering at REMARKABLY LOW PRICES. Goods Delivered Free off Extra Charge. gw Don’t be deceived by those who advertise their prices, as none can nndersell ns. STUART * CO., maySS-1 w Comer Bdll and Broughton street*. IT IS CHEAP. A policy lor $5,000 in oase of fatal accident, or$25 per week in case of disabling injury, costs but $25 to $30 per year. Any sum from $500 to $.0,000, with $3 to $5o weekly compensation, at proportion ate rates. Policies written for three or five >eais, a a liberal disco ont. IT IS UNIVEHSAL. This Company Insures against all sorts of acci dents, whether they occur in traveling, working in the shop or factory,walking in the street, swimming, riding, banting, fishing, etc. It issues policies for alt persons, iu all parts of the United States and' Canadas, and grants permits to visit any part of the world. This insurance is sought alter and rained by all classes of men, rich or poor. IT IB RELIABLE. The TRAVELER’S of Hartford is the oldest Acci dent Insurance Company in the United States, and established on a firm basis. It has issued many thousands of policies, pays claims for compensation almost dally, and Us business is steadily increasing. Its capital is ample, its directory of the highest char acter, and it has paid over One Thousand Losses, without contesting one. -NO MEDICAL EXAMINATION KG- RUIKKD. 1ST Three cents a day will Insure a man for $2000 ..TOO* J. T. THOMAS, GREEN A FOOTMAN, J, 0. MdNULTY, man Agents, Savannah. Sale Notice. i-ffiaRASsasas asusss A Savannah Railroad, consisting rtfioo seres, move or Iw*. 190 acres ot which arc cleared: balance well ^ Ahm^at the same time, and place, one Steam Shingle and Lain Mill, ten horeepower, neW and in perlcct order, three Males, one Cart, one forge four- notae Wagon, ooe Kitchen Furniture, Tools, FDoltiy, Ac. Terms cash; sale positive. JOHN 8. DeMONTMOLLBN. mv$4-td* i. - BRICKS! NUCK8!!i 124MJOO wni On Savannah sad OgsecheeOaal. Above Swayne Ain> Insurance. THE GREAT SOUTHERN AND WESTERN Life and Accident INSURANCE COMPANY OF ew Orleans* Capital, - - - $300,000 GEN. JAMES LONGSTREET, Presideit. ABC PEXPASm TO TAKE BISKS ' lrt.o« won rttolo T erxxia. WILLIAM C. COSENS, Agent, mj2l tf At Marine Bank. T JI E OGLETHORPE INSURANCE CO. OF SAVANNAH Are prepared to take Fire Rids ou Reasonable Terms,! At their Office, 117 Bay Street. H- W. MERCER, President. J. T. Thomas, Sec. B. W. Mercer C. S. Hardee William Hnnter A. S. Cartridge A. Porter ft. Morgan J. Stoddard J. T. Thomas W. Ramshart F. L. Gne H. A. Crane A. A. Solomons M. Hamilton W. W. Gordon myT-tf Directors: M. S. Cohen J. Lama J. W. Nevitt D G. Purse A. Fnllarton J. McMahon L. J. UuUmartin F. W. Sims G. Butler R. Lachiison * P. Clatnn, Augusta J.' W. Knott, Macon B. F. Ross, Macon W- H. Young, Columbus LIFE INSURANCE! THE KNICKERBOCKER LIFE INSURANCE CO. OF N.Y. SoBthern Brand Office, 89 Bay SI,, SAVANNAH, GA. A.. Wilbur, Manacer. No Extra Charge for Souther Residence, ONE KATE OF PBEMIUM ALL OVE THE UNITED STATES. ^-policies written at this office in any form'd sired. as LIFE ACCIDENT INSURANCE RISKS TAKEN IN THE FOLLOWING FIRST-CLASS COMPA NIES: CAPITAL. Colombia Fire Insurance Company, of New * ork $506,000 Pulton Fire Insurance Company of New York 200,000 Excelsior Fire Insnranre Company of New York 200,000 Springfieia Fire Insurance Company of New York..; 800,000 Putnam Fire Insurance Company ol Hart ford 500,000 Washington Fire Insurance Company of Baltimore 500,000 Golf State Fire Insurance Company ot Tal lahassee 300,000 AooroiiNT- Travelers' of Hartford $500,000 BSarine and X*lre. Petersburg Savings and Insurance Company of Virginia $500,000 Kufaola Home Insurance Company of A la ma 200,000 Georgia Home insurance -Company, Colom bo* 850,000 J. N. WILSON, Photographer. PHOTOGRAPHS, Porcelain Sc Ambrotypcs, IN THE HIGHEST STYLE. OF THE ART. Copying done in the best manner. Pictures made a well in cloudy a* in dear weather. W Call and JEzamiae Specimen*. "S» SOUTH-EAST CORNER BROUGHTON AND WHIT- alS-tf AKER STREETS. fill assrre. New England Mutual Life Insurance Com pany of Boston ?.. .$5,000,000 . Knickerbocker Mutual Life Insurance Com pany of New York 1,000,000 ?olldoa In Great Western, of New York. In Commercial Mutual, of Hew York. AAEON WILBUR, Agent No.® Bay Street. 3AIOERSOI & I1LKIKS0#, HAKIE88, SADDLERY TRUNK STORE, [WHOUSAU AND RETAIL. ’ -it ■ ■ I ..I- '- IS.-. ’ • Cniar SfctAffiirew* Hall, BrmgkUn St., IAH, GA, J. W. STEELE, (Late Steele * Burbenk.) 11 Merchants’ Bow, Hilten Hen4,S$b C* And comer KWJ nnd George fta, ClMrfafim, r\ALL8 the attention of Who!male and Brteil Pur- chaoave tt» Ida pnpkrior atotk of Military and Emval dothin*, PUBMmmNQ GOODS,