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The Daily News and Herald. PUBLISHED BE mason. S.kW. At 111 US' f ’ rKECT ’ SivimuBi Geo Per Copy fire OeullSi' Per Hundred..*»- rate u of advertising. ONE soi‘ tKE > flrat lMertl on, $1.60 ; each lnser- tion i® ceD,S- ,i SQUARE is ten measured Uneg of Nonpa- rrit* f,l ‘ e News and Herald. .vumber ol Squares. £ O 3 p 5 o | as o a 4 Months. 5 Months. 6 Months. | 9 Month*. to I 5 1 $ 12 $ 22 S 30 $ 38 $ 44 . £ 50 $ 65 $ 75 2 22 40 55 ec 77 85 110 125 3 30 65 75 90 105 115 156 175 4 38 70 95 114 133 ISO 200 225 5 40 85 115 133 161 186 ”246 276 0 64 100 135 182 139 215 285 325 - ‘ 62 115 166 18i 217 250 325 375 8. _... 70 12s 175 210 245 280 365 420 9 79 142 195 234 278 310 405 405 10 SC 155 216 255 298 340 445 510 11 93 168 230 276 322 370 430 650 12 100 130 248 297 347 395 515 590 13 106 193 263 315 368 420 550 630 14 112 205 280 336 392 445 585 070 ir» 118 217 395 354 413 470 615 710 16 124 228 310 272 434 ;500 680 750 IT 13<i •240 325 390 455 525 680 785 IS 136 250 340 408 476 550 710 820 « 260 356 426 497 575 740 875 •20 145 270 370 444 613 600 770 890 21 154 282 385 462 540 620 800 925 169 293 400 4 SO 600 640 830 960 23 165 300 412 495 578 660 860 990 •24 170 312 425 510 595 680 890 1,020 176 320 437 525 613 700 920 1,050 26 lSu 330 450 540 630 720 945 1.080 186 340 462 555 643 740 970 1,110 28 190 348 475 570 665 760 995 1,146 29 195 358 4S7 585 683 780 1,025 1,170 200j 36S 500 600 700 800 1,050 1,200 tW Advertisements inserted three times a week (every other day) for a mouth, or longer period, will lie charged three-fourths of table rates. tr Advertisements twice a week, two-thirds of table rates. per* Advertisements once a week, one-lialf of table rates. tw Advertisements inserted as special notices will tie charged thirty per cent, advance on table rates. tw~ Advertisements of a transient character, not specified as to time, will be continued until ordered oni, and charged accordingly. cr So yearly contracts, except for space at table rates, will be made: and, in contracts for space, all changes will be charged fifty cents per square for each change. K*y Editorial, local or business notices, for indl vidual benefit, will be subject to a charge of fifty cents per line, lint not less than three dollars for each insertion All transient Advertisements mu9t be paid In advance. J O Tt - «■ PRINTING, JEFFERSON DAVIS IN Scenes and Incidents of the Life of the Ex-Confederate Presi dent in the Casemate at Fortress Monroe. Extracts from the Diary of the Post-Snrgeon. RIGORS OF HIS CONFINEMENT. Opinions of the Confeder-** lender on Social and Poll."-* 1 Affairs. CONTINUED.] the Southern coast.—Davis Hears Indicted and to be Tried.—His Joy.- yfeySoT his oicn Defence. v .u 291/l—Called with Captain Bispbam, 3d Penn- ivania Artlllery.Olficer of the Day. Found Mr. Davis Walking up snd down the floor, appsrently better— but a till laboring under some excitement. He aald ex ercise bad already done him good; bad slept much batter last night; and rejoiced to see clear andbrigbt ■veather again, though little sunshine entered bis cell. Thought though it did not shine on him, it was •liming on his dear wife and children, safely havened from the dangers of the ocean. Complained of the dampness of his cell, ft one probable cause of bis illness. The sun could never dart its influence through such masses of masonry. .Surrounded as the fort was with s ditch, in which the water rose and fell from three to four feet with the tide, it was impossible to keep such placet free from noxious vapors. _ , . ■I am aware." he went on, “that oMoers and sol diers and thelt families have been In the habit of oc cupying these casemates ; but when Secretary of War I issued an order forbidding the practice. Huts or tents are much healthier, more especially for children. The casemates of Fort Pulaski are peculiarly un healthy, that place being erected on what might be ■ ailed a shaking-screw, or sponge of miasmatic vege tation, thoroughly permeated by tidal action. Its inundations bad to be pile-driven at an enormous ex pense of money and labor, and only from the necessi ties of the cosst could such a selection of a site bare been justified." . . . Mentioned thatlbad been at the siege, and gave him siime particulars explanatory of the actual altuatlou at the time of the surrender of Col. Ohnstead of the 3d Georgia Volunteers, whom be appeared at first inclined to blame as guilty of it premature capitulation. Attar ail, however, he thought the Colonel was excusable, as umber holdlug-out promised no advantages to oom- peusate ita loss, the up-nver batteries of our forces tusking it certain that Tatnsll’s fleet could render no assistance. The surrender of Port Royal bs did not think premature, undur the circumstances, because If ids people had not retreated wliuu they did, our gun boats, running round tbu creeks m rear of Hilton Head. Port Royal sml St. Helena Islands, would have made retreat Impossible; while the troops of our Hber- msu expedition when landed ware more than suBoleut to overpower the ganTsous. The mistake was that powerful works had not been erected lu roar of the islands to cover tlio ferries, and thus secure uninter- rupted communication with the mainland. Had this been attended to in the Aral Instance, there would then have been uo excuse for tho abandonment of ins powerful works designed to proteot Port Royal—at least none unites preceded by a mors protreotod re sistance. .. . Recurring to the subject of his family, Mr. Dsrly asked me bad' 1 not been called on to attend Miss Howell, bis wife’s slater, who Usd been vary ill St tbs time of bis quilling the Clyde. Replied that Colonel James, Chief Quartermaster, bad called at my quar ters, and requested me to visit a sick lady ou board tliat vessel; behoved It was the lady lis referred to, but could not be sure of the name. Had fueutloued the matter to Gen. Miles, asking a pas* to visit; but be objected, stylng the orders wers to allow no commu nication with the ship. Mr. Davie exolalmed this was inhuman. The ladlea bad cartalnly committed uo crime, and there were no longer any prisoner* ou board the ship when the re quest was made, be and Mr. Clay having been the last removed Tb* lady waa very seriously ill, and uo utt- c#r, no gentleman, uo man of Christian or svsn human feeling would have so acted. General Miles wae from Massachusetts, he had hetrd, and lu hi* action both lu this and other matter* appeared lh harmony With bis origin. It was much for Maseachneatu to boast that oue of her aone had been appointed hie Jailor ; and It was beo iinlog such a jailor to oppress helpless women snd children. * * June ls(.—Celled with Captain Korle, offiser of the day, about noou. Had bean sent lor at 8 A-M., but waa away flsblng. Mr. Davis waa suffering from a numbneaa of tbe oxtrenaitiea, which ho feftrea wae in* Clplent paralysis. Told him it was merely due to an enfeebled circulation, and recommended bathing and friction. He asked me what luck fishing, and appeared in better spirit* than ueual. Had Just heard, be said, through an Irregular channel, that be had been is, dieted with Mr. Breckinridge in the District of flolom bia and hoped therefore that he was about to have a constitutional trial—not one by military commission, to which be would nut have pleaded, regarding It is foregoes murder. The newt had reached him through the conversation of some soldiers in the guard room, who sometimes spoke to each other in loud tones what they wished him to orsrheer. It was probably in no friendly spirit they had given him thie news; but to him it was as welcome as sir to the drowning. Ms then referred toihe severity of his treatment, supposing himself at present to be merely held for trial, and not already undergoing arbitrary punish ment. As this conversation was a very important one, I look full note of it almost immediately on quitting his cell, and it is now given in very nearly, if not precisely, his own words; *• • > Humanity supposes every man innocept," urged Mr. “ “ ”’ ’ laws „ , . _ trial To hold me here for trial, imder.aH the rigors of a condemned convict, is not warranted by law—is revolting to the spirit of justice. In the political his tory of the world, there is no parallel to my treatment. England and the despotic governments of Europe have beheaded men accused of treason; but even after their conviction-no such efforts as In my case have been made to degrade them. Apart, however, from my personal treatment, let us see how this matter stands. “If the real purpose in the matter be to test the question of secession by trying certain persons con nected therewith for Reason, from what class or classes should the person so selected be drawn ? “From those who called the State Conventions, or from those who, in their respective conventions, passed the ordinance of secession? Or, from the authors of the doctrine of State rights? Or, from those citizens who, being absent from their States, were unconnected with the event, but on its occur rence returned to their homes to share the fortunes of their States as a duty of primal allegiance ? Or, from those officers of the State, who, being absent on public service, were called home by the ordinance, and re turning, joined their iellow-citizens in State service, and followed the course due to that relation ? “To the last class I belong, who am the object of greatest rigor. This can only be explained on the supposition that, having been most honored, I, there fore, excite most revengeful feelings—for, how else can it be accounted for V “I did not wish for war, but peace. Therefore sent Commissioners to negotiate before war commenced; and subsequently strove my uttermost to soften the rigors of war; in every pause of conflict seeking, if possible, to treat for peace. Numbers of those already practically pardoned are" those who, at the beginning, urged that the black flag should be hoisted, and the struggle made one of desperation. “Believing the States tb be each sovereign, and their union voluntary. I had learned from the Fathers of the Constitution that a State could change its form of government, abolishing all which had previously ex isted ; and my only crime has been obedience to this conscientious conviction. Was not this the universal doctrine of the dominant Democratic party in the North previous to secession ? Did not many of the opponents of that party, iu the same section, share and avow that faith? They preached, and professed to believe; we believed, and preached, and practiced. “If this theory be now adjudged erroneous, the his tory of the States, from their collonial organization to the present moment should be re-written, and the facts suppressed which may mislead others in a like manner to a like conclusion. “But if, as I suppose, the purpose be to test the question of secession by a judicial decision, why be gin by oppressing the chief subject of the experiment? Why, in the name of fairness and a decent respect for the opinions of mankind, deprive him of the means needful to a preparation of his defence, and load him with indignities which must deprive his mind of its true equilibrium ? It ill comports with the dignity of a great nation to evince fear of giving to a single cap tive enemy all the advantages possible for an exposi tion Of his side of the question. A question settled by violence, or iu disregard of law, must remain unsettled forever. “Believing all good government to rest on truth, it is the resulting belief that injustice to Any individual is a public injury, which can only find, compensa tion in the reaction which brings retributive justice upon the oppressors. It has been the continually growing danger of the North, that in attempting to crush the liberties of my people, you would raise a Frankenstein of tyranny that would not down at your bidding. Sydney, and Russell, and Vane, and Peters suffered; but in their death Liberty received blessings their lives might never have conferred. “If the doctrine of State Sovereignty be a dangerous heresy, the genius of America would indicate another remedy than the sacrifice of one of it9 believers. Wickliffe died, but Hu9s took up his teachings; and when the dust of this martyr was sprinkled on the Rhine, some essence of it was infused in the cup which Luther drank. “The road to grants of power is known and open; and thus all questions of reserved rights on which men of highest distinction may differ, and have dif fered, can be settled by fair adjudication; and thus only can they be finally set at rest." He then apologized for talking politics to one who should not hear such politics as his; but out of the fulness of the heart the mouth speaketh, and in his joy at the unhoped-for news that he had been indicted, and was to have a trial which he supposed must be public, and which publicity would compel to be not wholly one-sided, there wa9 some excuse for his in discretion. To change the subject, he returned to fishing, of which we had been speaking. Was a follower and ad mirer of the sport, but more in theory than practice. His life had been too busy for the past thirty years to allow his indulging even bis most cherished inclina tions, except at rare intervals. Izaak Walton had been one of his favorite authors; and one of the cotxnts he had against Benjamin Franklin was the latter's fierce attack on the gentle fisherman. Indeed Franklin had said many things not of benefit to mankind. His soul waa a true type or incarnation of the New England character—hard, calculating, angular, unable to con ceive auy higher object than the accumulation of 'SQB&bi material of great intellects, favor in his sight; and with true New England Egot ism, because he did not possess certain qualities him- srflf they were to be ignored or crushed out of exist ed everywhere. The hard, grasping, money-gmb- blUR pitiless ana domineering spirit or vno -<*»w eng- land Pari tans found in Franklin a true exponent. Noble qualities be had. however—courage, truth, in dustry. economy and honesty. His school oi com mon sense was the apotheosis of selfish prudence. He could rarely err, for men err from excess oi feel ine and Franklin had none. The homely wisdom of hia writings, judged from the material stand-point, could never be surpassed; and while he confessed to disliking him, b* was compelled to admire his "Poor Riclixrd" fro*n its sinewy force. Mr Dav*» then spoke of the restrictions placed upon hi. reeling, which he supposed must soon terminate if p. was to be placed on trial. Books would be indis pensable to preparing his defence; nor did be see how he could be denied free intercourse with counsel. Books, if he could get them, would be a great con solation. True, he had the two best—pointing to his bible and prayer-book; but the mind could not keep continually at the height and strain of esrneBtness re quired for their profitable reading. That the papers and other publications of the day should be de nied him, he could understand—though even this would not be right when he was preparing for trial. He would then require to know what phase of public opinion he addressed; for in all such trials—and In this age of publicity there must be two tribunals—one Inside, but infinitely the vaster one outside the .court room. To old English or other books for his perusal, what objection could be urged ? Such indulgences were given to the worst criminals before trials; and even after conviction the prison libraries were open for use. A mind so active as his had been for forty years, could not suddenly bring its machinery to a pause. It must either have food, or prey upon itself, and this waB his ease at present. Except for the pur pose of petty torture, there could be no color of reason for withholding from him any books or papers dated prior to the war. Jane 1th I received the following letter from Mra. Davis, dated Savannah, June 1st, 1865, to Dr. J. J. Craven, Chief Medical Officer, Fort Monroe, Va.: Savannah, June 1st, 1865. Dr. J. J. Craven, Chief Medical Officer, Fort Monroe, Virginia: 8ib—Through the newspapers I learn that you are the aurgeon of the post, and consequently in attend- anoe upon Mr. Davis. .Shocked by the moat terrible newspaper extras issued every afternoon, which re- present my husband to be in a dying condition, I have taken the liberty, without any previous acquaintance with you, of writing to you. Perhaps you will let me kuoyv front 3'our own pen how he is. Would it trouble you too much to tell me how he sleeps—how bia eyes look—are they inflamed V—does ho eat anything ?— may I aak what is the quality of hia food ? Do not re- fuae my request. It seems to me tbst uo possible harm could accrue to your government from my know ing the extent of my sorrow And if, perchance, ac tuated by pity, you do not tell me the worst, the nows- papers do, and theu the uncertainty is such agony! you Will perealvo, my dear air, that I plead with you upon tha supposition that yon sympathize with our sorrows, andin the sufferings of the man have lost sight of the political enemy, who uo longer has the power to do aught hut bear what > inflicted. I will not believe that sou can refuse my petition. If you are oniv permitted to say he Is well, or he is better, it will no a great comfort to me, who lias no other left. If you are kind to him, muy God have you In His holy keeping, and preserve all thoae sources of happiness to you which have, In one day, been snatch ed away from, Yours very respectfully, disquietude could be-best reached through the stom ach. Had slept well; and was greatly refreshed; his ; Davis, "until the reverse shall be proven; and the head almost free from psili.' ( izmieaeracy, Dili no mean® a. co is guarantee certain privileges to persons held for * Calling me to thesmbtaiuis, he pointed out tome- holders hiding it after the currency had , - - ■ ■ —- ■* ” “ ! dark spots on the slope of the moat opposite, and ask- “ ed me what they were,’. Ml him they were oysters. He had thonght so, mit wak not sure. Had Been them growing in a stranger plane—the branches of trees so heavily fruited with them- ae almost to break. Told him I had seen the same thing, but ouly along toe coasts of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. In the South the oysters cling to high rocks and drooping branches of trees, only requiring to be submerged for a few hours at high tide; while with ns, therltoats of of winter compel them to keep in deep water. Mr. Davis spoke of the Coon oysters of the Southern coast—the long, razor-shaped oysters,growiug ou high ledges, and referred 4o the negro version of how the coons obtained their flesh. Tjheir story is„toat the coon takeB in his mouth a blade of bluebecf, pr mea dow grass, and when the oyster opens hia shell,drives the stiletto point of the grass into his flesh, killing him instantly, so .(bat he has no power to close his'de. fences. This, though ingenious, is not true. The coon bites off the thin edges of the shell at one point, and then sucks out alltoesofterparts of the body'. In regard to the propagation of oysters, had some talk, Mr. Davis thinking the spawn drifted iu thp wa ter unable to control Itself and adhered to the flrat solid substance—rock, bank, oi- branch—with, which it was brought in contact. This, I explained, xvas not so; the oyster, for tile flrat three or four days of his life, being a tunicated pteropod, able to swim in any direction he nny please. At the end of this first pe riod, when he finds a congenial object to fasten upon, be literally settles down in life and conimehces build ing himself a house from which there is no annual “May moving”—no process of ejectment short of death. * Talking of the shetl-fish and snails of the ’Southern coast, Mr. Davis referred to.the beautiful varieties of helix (builima ininiagulata,' vary rare, and bultlnm obloncaUi) that may be seen feeing on the wild orSiige trees of Florida. Also to the sport of harpoon ing devil-fish by night, first attracting them to the surface by a fire of pine , knots kindled in a cresset over the bow of the boat. The skin of the largest devil-fish ever known, be aaid, had been preserved in Charleston, its weight when caught being fourteen hundred pounds. Told him I had seen one caught about two years before weighing over six hundred pounds, End the old negroes of the island said it was the heaviest they had seen. He talked of the mol luscs and Crustacea of Abe coast, this appearing a fa vorite subject, and bis remarks being much pleasanter, though of leas interest, than when given a political complexion. He possesses a large, varied, and practical eduoution; the geology, botany, and ail products of hia section appearing to have in turn claimed his at tention. Not the superficial study of a pedant, hut the practical acquaintance of a man who has turned every day's fishing, shooting, riding, or pic-nicking, to scientific account. June 10th.—Mr. Davis out of sorts, very ill-tem pered. Complained that his clean linen, to be sent, over twice a week by Gen. Miles, had not been re ceived. Gen. Miles had taken charge of his clothing, and seemed to think a change of linen twice a week enough. It might be so in Massachusetts. But now even this wretched allowance was denied. The gen eral might know nothing of the matter; bnt if so, some member of his staff was negligent. It was piti ful they could not send his trunks to his cell, but must insist on thus doling out his clothes, as though he were a convict iu some penitentiary. If the object were to degrade him, it must fail. None could be de graded by Unmerited insult heaped on helplessness but the perpetrators. The day would come that our people would be ashamed of his treatment. For him self, the sufferings he was undergoing would do him good with his people (the South). Even those who had opposed him would be kept silent, if not won over, by public sympathy. Whatever other opinions might be held, it w-as clear he was selected as chief victim, hear ing the burden of Northern hatred which should be more equally distributed. Speaking of the negroes, Mr. Davis remarked, as regards their future, he saw no reason why they must die out, unless remaining idle. If herded together In idleness and filth, as in the villages established by our military power, the small-pox, licentiousness, and drunkenness would make short work of them. Wherever so herded, they had died off like sheep with the murrain. But remaining on the plantations, as heretofore, and employed for wages, they were a docile and procreative people, altogether differing from the Indians, and not likely to die oat like the latter. Tecir labor was needed; and thongh they could not multiply so fast in freedom as under their former wholesome restraints, be saw no good argument lor their dying out. In ten years, or perhaps less, the South will have recovered the yiecuniary losses of the war. It has had little capital in manufactures. Its capital was iu laud and negroes. The land remains productive aa ever. The negroes remain, but their labor has to be paid for. Before the war, there had been 4,000,000 negroes, average value, $300 each, or total value, two thousand millions of dollars. This was all gone, and the inter est upon it, which had been the profits of the negro's labor in excess of his cost for food, clothing, and medicines. Still their labor remains; and with this, and such European labor as will be imported and such Northern labor as must flow South, the profits of the Southern staples will not be long in restoring mate rial prosperity. The profits of the cotton crop are enormous. Good rivers, yield a Dale oi *uu pouuua qvi auu-oum.. as high as a bale and a quarter; but this is rare. The uplands throughout Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, etc. etc., yield about from halt to three-quarters of a bale; and under the old system of labor, a good negro averaged ten bales a season. The lands of the ties Islands ran about 200 pounds to the acre; but its fine, long, silky, and durable staple made it from twice to four times the value of other cotton. In his freedom, if capable of being made to labor at all, the negro will uot average more than six bales a year; but as the price of cotton has more than doubled and is not likely to recede, even this will yield an enormous profit. Six bales, of 400 lbs. each, will be w'orth $600 at twenty-five cents per ponnd, while the cost of this species of labor will be about $150 a year per hand and found—a profit of certainly not less than $300 a year on each black laborer employed. The land will not pass to any great extent from its former proprietors. They will lease it for a few years to men with capital, and then resume working it themselves; or sell portions of it with the same ob ject, not materially decreasing their own possessions. When the country is quiet and the profits of the crop come to be known, there will be a rush southward from the sterile New England regions and from Eu rope, only equalled by that to California on the dis covery of gold. Men will not stay in thamountains of Vermont and New Hampshire cultivating little farms of from fifty to a hundred acres, only yielding them some few hundreds a yea- profit for incessant toll, when the rich lands of the South, under skies as warm and blue as those of Italy, and with an atmosphere aa exhilarating as that of France, are thrown open at from a dollar and a half to three dollars per acre. The water power of the South will be brought into use by this new immigration, and manufactures will spring up in all directions, giving abundant employment to all classes. The happy agricultural state of the South will become a tradition; and the New England wealth, New England’s graaping avarice and evil passions will be brought along. The estimate that a million negroes have died off daring the war, he considered excessive. They had fled or been dragged away from their old homes in great numbers; but much leas than a million, he thought, would cover their casualties. As to any gen eral mingling of races, nature had erected ample bar riers against the crime. Depraved white men occa sionally have children by black women; but it was comparatively rare tor mulattoes to have large or healthy families; and quadroons, though extremely* amorons, rarely bad children at all. There could be no danger that Southern white women of the poorer class, though left greatly iu excess of the white male population by the war, would either co habit with or marry negroes. Public sentiment on the point is so strong they dare not do It; nor had they auy inclinaton. It would be regarded South aa crimes against nature are regarded in all civilized communities. The blacks were a docile, affectionate, and religions people, like cats in their fondness for home. Tho name of freedom had charms for them; but until educated to he self-supporting, it would be a curse. If herded together In military villages and fed on ra tions gratuitously distributed, rum, dirt, and vene real diseases would devour them off the face of the earth In a few years. With peace established, they would return, In ninety-live cases out of the hundred, to their old plantations, and work for their old mas ter*. Freedom waa to them an orgle, of wbioh such aa had enjoyed It were rapidly sickening. While health luted, and idleness wu uved its pen alty by Government support, they might get along well enough. But when tick, starving, and ill- treated, their flrat wish waa a longing to be back with tbetr old roasters, and redomictled ou their old plan tations. Of this, even during the war, and at penalty of returning to slavery, he bad aeen many instance*— enough to oouviuce him that with freedom assured, or Varina Davis Mr. Duels on the .Vein Snyiund character—Dissen sions nf the i'unfederate Leaiters—Future if the South and Southern mark's. June gift.—Waa called to tlie prisoner, whom I had UOl seen for a week. Entered with Captain E. A. Evans, officer of the day. Found Mr. Davie relap sing nud very drapoudeut. Cnmplaiued again of In tolerable pains In hie bead. Waa distracted Highland day by tho unceasing tread of the two eeuliuela In hia room, and the murmur or gabble of the guards in tb* outside cell. He aald his caaemeul was well formed for a torture room of the luqulaltlou. Ita arched roof made it a perfect whinnering gallery, In which all aouuda ware Jumbled and repuated. The torment of Ida head waa so dreadful, he feared ho must low hie Id* head waa mind. Alftady hie memory were Impaired vision, and hearing, He had but the remains of one eye «y* toft'and*the glariug, whitewashed walls were rapidly destroying tide. He pointed to a crevice in the wall where hS bed had been, explaining that he hud changed to the other side to avoid ita mephitic v ‘STl'he trial ho had been led to aspect;' had heard xthtnaT Thle looked aa If the Indictment were tqb* 1. and the action of a Military Ooimnteaiou * — ■ A . u . J-.U4 aa* 14 Vi lilftat uo itlAU nothing. IuSStttutod“"lf so! they might do with' him aa they pleased, tor bo would not plead, ^<tt Ire^ra- b|# to toe Justice of the future. A* to taking hie life, that would be the greatest boon they oould confer on him, though for the sake of his family he might regret ,III* manner of ita taking. Talked with Mr. Davie for aome time, endeavoring to allay hia irritation. Tha trouble of hia head did not arias from the cauaes he supposed, but from a tor pid condition of the liver, and would be fit one* re- Ueved by a bllloua cathartic which I preaoribed. It waa impossible that any malarial pqlaona at tbia aaa- aon at toe year could have influence in hia casement. The ventilation was through, the place scrupulously olean; and tha vary whitewash of which he oomptoin- ed aa hurting hia ayea, wee a powerful dielnfetaWVlf suoh poisons existed. After tig; action of the medi cine he would look on the world with* morel*— view. In regard to hi* expected trial, knewni never had known anything, and even knowing w< be forbidden to speak. . He said he had not mentioned the matter to quaaijoh breaking Into * new c me, bnt at an ejaculation of impatience, for which hia vjittngtood; Mtthad intolerable pain must bear the blame. He was no * ‘ “ Stranger to pain, nor aattjy overcome by it.'At BuaO* ’Yleta, though severely wounded, he kept saddle until state bet black* rathor Ita evils to them In their unprepared si tor uuderetood-the great majority of the would floek back eagerly. . . Mr. Devi* sold ho heard my little daughter had un dertaken to ba bia housekeeper, and sent over hi* meals. He knew the kind haud uf woman was always teuderoat lu the greatest grluf. It only needed they should see misery to wish and labor tor ita relief, un less some great moral turpitude repelled. He begged mu to carry to* aasurauce of hi* gratitude,and hoped— if he might never sec her hlmsttf—that his ahildreu would some day h tve opportunity to thank the young lady who bad been to kind to their father. Mr. Davison Cruelty to Prisoners—Mexico—Turtle on the .Soulhc 1 n Coast—The Southern leaders an Aristocracy—Lecture on the Fine Arts, by a Strange Man In a Strange Place. June llth. -Called with Captain R. W. Biekley. 3d Pennsylvania Artillery, officer of the dav. Mr. Davia etui improving, febrU* symptom* abated, and had slept, for him, very well to* night before. Thanked m* for tome fruit eenf vith hia breakfast, and then •poka or the fruits of tha tropica and their beautiful adaptation to the wants of toe inhabitant*. Also of Mexico, It* ettmate and productions; a land for which God h*d don* everything, and “where only man waa vile." Considered toe Mexicans not capable of eel* government; they must he cared for, and It belonged to America to proteot them. Had the South suooealed without tb* help of France, tola would have been <ma of hit flrat cares, and he should not have hesitated a moment. The South having failed, leaving toe Mirth more powerful than ever, the duty of establishing a a eentlnental protectorate wa* imperative, and could not long be evaded. . t Mr. Davit remarked that when hie trey of breelMMt had been brought in that morning, he overheard on quarter ration* of rqaty bacon anc yet worse with otnar Southern armlet in a oountry which hr-* ** 1 time. Shereapn, uAih bacon and corn. II •pei over forty trouble in pro^ Colonel Northrop, his Commissary-Genial, had- mhpy difficulties to contend with;*and, not least, the incessant hostility of certain opponents of his adminis tration. who, by striking at Northrop,Really meant to. strike at him. Even General ,, otherwise so moderate and conservative, waa finally induced to join this injurious clamor. There was food, in the Confederacy, but no means for its collection, the holders hiding it after the currency had beedtoe de preciated; and, if collected, then came toe difficulty of its. transportation. Their railroads were over- , taxed, and the rolling-stock soon gave out. They could not feed their own troops; and prisoners of war In all countries and ages have had cause of complaint. Some of his people confined in the West and at Look out Point had been nearly starved at certain times, thongh he we# knew, or well believed, full prison- rations had been ordered and paid for in there cases. Herd men together in idleness within an inciosure, their anus taken from them, their organization lost, without employment for their time, and you will find it difficult to keep them in good health. They ware or dered to receive prectsely the same rations given-to the troops guarding them; but dishonest commissaries and provost marshals were not confined to any people. Doubtless tha, prisoners ou both side* often suffered that the officers having charge of them might grow rich; bnt wherever such dishonesty could be brought home, prompt pumsbmeut followed. General Winder andColonel Northrop did the best they could, ue be lieved ; bnt both were poorly obeyed or seconded by their subordinates. To hold him responsible for such unauthorized privations was both cruel and absurd.— He issued order after order on the subject, and, con scious of the extreme difficulty of feeding the prisup ers, made the most liberal offers for exchange—almolt willing to accept any terips that would fclease his people from their burden. Non-exchauge, however, was the policy adopted by the fede ral Government—just as Austria, in hen later campaigns against Frederick the Great, refused to exchange ; her calculation being, that aa heroopu- ulation was Are times more numerous thau PrfiS&fa’s, the refusal to exchange would be a wise measure.— That it may have been prudent, though inhuman, situated as the South was, he was not prepared toxle- ny; but protested against being held responsible for evils which no power of his could overt, and to escape from which almost any concessions had been offered. Anxious to hear the opinion of Mr. Davis about the future of Mexico, I brought back toe conversation to that point, suggesting that when the country became quiet, and with our continual influx of Europern im migration, we might have men and enterprise enough to resettle Mexico, and colonize out the present indo lent and inefficient race. ' , “The programme might answer," he though “for the thinly peopled parts, though even there its tulfill- rneut must be in the remote future. Whe* the Valley is reached, however, file population is comparatively dense—twenty to the square mile ; and political econ omy teaches that no people so numerous’ can be crushed out by colonization. A new race must come in to master add guide them, using the present gene ration as hewers 9f wood and drawers of water, while educating the,next generation for a happier and foore intelligent future. It was on a recognition of this ne cessity toe French Emperor based his scheme of Eu ropean protection ; but in failing to make terms with the seceded States, and support them in their struggle, he proved that his comprehension was not equal to the problem. The failure of the South rendered a future of European rule for Mexico impossible.” June Hth.—Visited prisoner in company with Capt. Evans, officer of the day. Prescribed for gome slight return of nervous headache and sleeplessness. Refer ring to our previoua conversation about the shell-fish, etc., of the Southern coast, Mr. Davis said that books of a scientific nature, it allowed him, would keep his attention occupied, and could do qo harm. Would be glad to have a lew volumes on toe chonchology, geolo gy, or botany of the South, and waa at a loss to think how such volumes could endanger his safekeeping. Said that the loggerhead turtle appeared a contradic tion of the rule that nature makes no vain effort—noth ing that had not a perceivable use. Here, however, wob an animal averaging from one to three hundred pounds weight, very plentiful from Hatteras to the Gulf, for which human ingenuity had yet found no use. But what part it may perform in the economy of the ocean mnst of coarse remain a mystery. That it had some useful mission amongst the denizens ot the deep, all analogy would . lead us to believe. Early in the spring they come up' from the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico, only approaching the shore to lay their eggs when the high tide serves just after du9k of the evening. The male then remains at the edge of the surf, while the female crawls up the beach to find a proper place for laying. The place being selected, she first makes a hole with her head, then increases its size to about that of a peck measure, by putting one of her fore-fins into it and twisting herself around until toe required space has been scooped out. The eggs are then laid, about 200 in niimDer, nearly the bulk of a hen's egg each, but with a soft, pliable and very tough white skin. This done, the packs sand over them to toe proper depth, and smooths toe place by crawling over U several times with heavy pressure. Of these eggs, when undiatnrbed, about eighty per cent are hatched; in some four or five weeks swarms of little turtle suddenly breaking out, each about the size and color o( a ginger snap, and hurrying towards the water with infallible instinct. The egga have three active and powerful enemiea—the coon, the crow, and the negro. The coon hunts the tortle-uest by smell, as a certain breed of dogs in France hunt the truffle, and having taken his flrat meal, leaves the nest open to the crows, who are not long In flniahing what may be left. The negroes search the shores every morn ing at daylight in this season, and when they flud the track maUe^by a turtle’s flippers fallow it up Jocwhere The loggerhead is famous for its longevity, and occa sionally weighs from four to six hundred pounds. Speaking of toe peculiarities of his people—aa he al ways atyluU the late CaalaLlraU States—Mr. Davis said they were essentially aristocratic, their aristocracy being based on birth and education; while the men of the North were democratic in the masB, making money the basis of their power and standard to which they aspired. It always commanded a premium so cially, and was accepted in lack of other qualities. No matter how ill-bred or base, no man possessed of vealth who had not been made judicially infamous, wis ex cluded from Northern society. This znoney-eluneut entered into the politics of the North, while at the South it was, and always had been, powerlew. Al Northern primary elections and nominating ccnvan tions, the reina were with him who had monuy to pay for being allowed control; and the power thus obtained by money was used to get back what it had cost, and to treble that sum during ita tenure. Birth is a guarantee we do not ignore in aiBin; stock, nor should we in growing men. Which aboulc be more important—the pedigree of a horse oi which we stake our money, or that of a man we are aiked to select for some position of control ? The basis of po litical prominence at the North has been mon(y first, and secondly loquaciousness, effrontery, toe arts or tha demagogue; while at the South—except in die case of shining talents lifting aome individual to enenenca by their force—birth, education, and representative rather thau noisy or showy qualities, formed fie lad der to distinction. No oue could fail to be impressed with this difference while attending our Natiouil Con ventions, Congress, or any other body in whijh the two sections were represented. Ha must not j)s mis understood as wishing to imply that we had ip good blood, uo education, no culture at toe North—fjr from it, for we knew we had all-in abundance; bu under our political system, and owing to the vast iutkx of a foreign population, they were excludad Urdu our public or representative life. In a word, proninence at the North has, of late, been obtained eiper by- money of the man made prominent, or that huserved 1 the money interests of those who pushed bis el ration. This evil must continually increase with the I crease of immigration; while at the Souih. birth, ed nation, and intelligence had been toe chief usual elei ents of political distinction—the first necessity beie, how ever, that tho man selected should be a tru repre sentative of the views of his constituency, thether those views were rlghht or wrong according t< North ern notions. To this representative quality, Mr. Davis wot on. were due the various positions with which tt South had honored him. His selection to the chiefiffice of the Confederacy waa in no manner sought. 1 e rea sons Inspiring tlie choice were obvious. H was a MisHssippian; had graduated at the Military A demy; served with some distinction in the Mexican i >r; bad large experience In the Military Committee of the Senate, aud in the War Department. But oni of pis chief recommendations lay in tola, that after be re moval of Calhoun aud General Quitman by oath, he became tho chief exponent or* representative It those principles of State Sovereignty which tt, South cherished, and of which, as he claimed, the I hers of the country hud been tbu founders, Thomas ffersou tlie inspired prophet, and they thq eloquent postlea. He was certainly not more responsible for is own elevation than any of those who had voted to i ike him President. June \1th.- Visited Mr. Davis with Captai Korte, officer of i he day. General Miles, learning .list the pacing of the two sentinels In his room at s bt dis turbed Mr. Davie and prevented hit. sleep: ;, gave orders that the men should stand at eaa* dui ig their two hours of guard. hgjh^mght^jgd itey.^i tead of ir him, but cruel ifor tie meu In one position, aa If icy had i statues. Feared, i it cost _. . , w maka then bate h i more, cause—tlu)iiglilunoe#Dt—of their tnc< venlent attitude; and there wye pteuty of meu we* ig uni forms of that color ?H*tel him more tha enough already. From this point Mr. Davia glided off to * is con siderations of statuary, oomuentiug on the rowing taste for representing animal*, birds end met n pain ful or impossible attitude* iu the basso rife cost bronzes, aud other .ornaments of modern ■ lpturc. Stricken deer ooutorted by death-wounds ; he re with aides lacerated by the claws of $ cliugl tiger; partridges, or other birds, choking in a res nr pierced with arrows; dy lug Indiana, wouudei (ladla tor*, dylug soldier*—pita or death in «$ery gride, evened to form toe present staples ft bronze aud FarUm ornament. Our eculpto made thetk horses etaud etefually with fore-pews j sed In air iu su attitude only possible for a momeu to toe hvtug aulmtl. Such work* were not pleesin; iut toe reverse. They fretted the reniiblliHre witht ypatn aud lacked the repo** which, should form t chief charm of sculpture. The groups of the Lao m aud Dylug Gladiator ware the ouly eminent work f anti quity of which he had heard or seen ctiate, whig# pain or horror had been the elements deph 1; aud in toelee toe treatment had been to overwl ntngly grand aa to numb to* aenee Of suffering by t eaten- dor of their beauty. For modem sculpture, iwever —the statnare designed for parlor orsar its—he wished to rermore pleasant themes. The a v of a wounded dear or blrduould have nothing recoiu mend It but the Adstlty of imitation with' ch the agony gjutportrayed; white In the Uoco. mere W*k toe tSBc atruggte of to* father to ire® i* chil dren foom. ft* coife at toe serpent, and b ndthe pytag GUdtetor roejIta the gating circle* o be am phitheatre—each subject wakening train* ol lought and emotion which concealed our sente ot nyaical pain, or only allowed It to obtrude aa a tort < under tone, orUtepaaoti to the awful beauty of the tore. 3 Mr. Davie, on tote aubjeat, was reallr qun LA PIERRE HOUSE, ^ PHILADELPHIA. THIS SUBSCRIBERS hawing leased this favorite A House, it has been MISFITTED AND JB^FVRRIflflKD • IN AN ELEGANT MANNER, And h now Prepared wit n the Mmt Per fect Appoint incuts for IhtHMep- . lieu of Guests.- Tho first position among first-class Hotel*. will h- -maintained m the future, as in the past. ' juT-’ tf BAKER A FARLEY. THE VERANDA HOUSE, A TWillTE FLUFF, will he open on and after Monday, the 9tli iust., for the Accommodation or Boarders.‘transient or permanent. The subscriber, from bis long experience in the hust'iess, can safely guarantee the comfort of thote ,who nffiy give hinra call- ,l tny26-tf MOSES M. BXU8ABIO. < LITE OAK CLHB HOUSE, No. 32'0EORGS ffrftEET, Charleston, South Carolina, Is now open for the accommodation of transient an permanent guests. Choicest Liquors, W ines, Ales and Segu* ALW AYS ON HAND. _ * * ^ Terms, S9 par Say. alltf , PETEK JONEB, Proprietor. CHARLESTON HOTEL, CHARLESTON, S. C. mu 13 popalm and well Known Hotel, situated in the * business portion of tlie city, lias been newly fur nished throughout by the present proprietor, who has been sixteen years connected with the establishment. m2« tl W WHITE, Proprietor. Port Royal House, HILTON HEAD, 8. C. RIDDKLL A a. a. biddzu.. Jn34f PaoraiiTOat ■- r. woo. Miscellaneous. GEORGIA STATE DIRECTORY: For 1866 and 1867. BY CAPT. JOHN C. BRAIN, OF SAVANNAH, GA. T HU valuable work of reference will be published on or about the 1st day of July uaxt. It will embrace toe exact location of every busiueas and professional nmn in the S ate of Georgia, aa well aa the p'lv ire residences.in all the cities, and will be the most exten-ivo and complete directory ever pub lished. No business man should be without II, and none should foil to advertise in It, as it Is doubtless splendid medium through which to communicate with substantial classes throughout the country. Ill the city of New Yolk'alone the publisher nearly five hundred subscribers, and that list Is dally ou the increase. The price ol subscription Is within tile roach o every hu-biess man; however limited hie means. Tne advertising terms are likewise reason able. Capt Bruin mid his General Agent, J. Orris Lea, of Charleston, muy be conferred wilh at RstiU’g News Depot, rest- of Port idli. e, ,-ach nay for the next week, after tlie hour of one P. M. myfio-lu pacing toeir accUl waa much pleasant obliged to stand ao h , been bronze .or marl them suffering, it Mr. Davia, on tola subject, was really queut, showing a keen appreciation «C art, and Toe Yegrel that zay notes report him so la ' mere aatrengeplace for such* > armed soldiers stu off likh *■- ‘u . ri cv . ,1 ■ WITHIN TEN DAYS. T HE undersigned are prepared to supply Planter* and other parries who muy be In want of WHITE LABORERS, and have made necessary arrange ments in the North to tpl any orders for agriculture Laborers, Woodcut'.is. Mechanics, etc., within Ten or Twelve days fromt he day the order is given here. The Laborers are to ,<e received by the Employers on arrival of the steamer here, and transported to the points where they are wauled at Employers’ expense, and the Km ploy era have further to pay a certain sum per head iu advance, partly aa security and partly lor covering the expenses in bringing the Emigrants from tlie North to this port. The rate at which Farming Laborers can be se cured will average about $160 per year, the Employ ers finding them. ^ For further particulars apply to WM. MORVILLE A CO., Jones’ Block, Bay street. One door East of Barnard street, Savannah, Ga. REFERENCES: Jackson A Lawton, savannah. John W. Anderson & Son. Savannah. Solomon Oohen, Savannah. Jno. C, Ferrlll. Savannah. Nicholls, Camp <£ Co., Savannah Geo. A. Cuyler, Savannah. W. R. Fleming, Savannah. John Screven, Savannah. Brigham, Baldwin 11 Co., Savannah Savannah National Bank .Savannah. m2 epherson SeDbnatil Sm ii fi BREh'EES OT FINE PALE ALES& PORTF.R f WEST 18 T -ST 7 8r8AVF? NF.W YORK WHE undersigned having fiefena’pjkrfmea sole agents • for tlie city for the above, well known and su perior Ale, (warranted to stand in auy climate), are now prepared to supply the Bamu lu package* to salt purchasers. apis Smo CUNNINGHAM. PURSE A CO. KNICKERBOCKER LIFE INSURANCE CO., I 1 i?«JliJ' •n a Of New York City* !N"o. 89 Bay Stre * SAVANNAH. GA. ^Policies Issued and Losses Paid AT TBXS OPFIOH. CREDITS Given to holders of Mutual Policies of SO PER CENT., if desired, when- the premium amonuts to $50 or more, and is paid annually. DIVIDENDS made to holders of Mutual Policies as follows; PAID IN CASH, APPLY ON PREMIUM NOTES, or ADDED TO THE POLICY. The latter or REVERSIONARY DIVI DENDS declared by this Company in. 1865 were from FORTY-POUR to ONE HUN DRED AND TWENTY PER CENT., ac cording to age. G R E A T SOUTHERN PAPER WMMR . AND Depot forPrintera’Supplies 210 Bay Street, Savannah 6a. Ten Year, Non-Forfeiture, ENDOWMENT, Life Policies Issued by this Company. No Extra Charge for Southern Residence Directors: Hinry Balaam, President Merchants’ National Bank. Colon*! Wm. S. Rockwell. B. A. Crake, or Crane A Graybill. Jorm D. Hopkins. A. A. Solomons, of A. A. Solomons A Co. K. A. SOtTLLARD. *- J. Moses, ot Brady, Smith A Co. Fred. M. Hull, of Holcombe A Co. M. A. Cohen, Secretary Home Insurance Co. A. WILBUR, General Manager WM. R. BOYD, Agent. Dr. B. YON OK, Exiulala, Phyilclaa. Dr. R. O, ARNOLD, Coasaltlng Fkyilc’a. ieMf ACCIDENTS, Pioneer Company OF THK SOl’TH. THE SOUTHERN Accident Insurance Co., menuis, VA. Authorized Capital, $1,000,000 INSURES AGAINST ALL ACCIDENTS, Giving the holder ol an Annual Policy the lull amount insured in cose uf death, and compensation each week, if disabled, for a period NOT EXCEEDING TWENTY-SIX WEE SHORT THE Pi ($3,000 FDR TKN CRNT81) Travellers' Tickets, from one to thirty days, may be bad at the Railroad Ticket Offices, Steamship Agencies, and st the Office of the General Agent. The Stock of this Company Is exclusively in Southern hands, and represented by a Directory widely and favorably known. We, therefore, appeal with confidence to the good will and patronage of the public. 1JLATNKR A BOSWORTH keep'consi L a laigo stock of Ledger, Wri lai go stock of Ledger, Writing and trapping Paper,, ot all sizes and weights; also, Bladen' Boards, Card Boards, Printers' Cards, Envelopes, Twines and Printing Inks. Having had long experience In the business, buying our goods in large lots direct from the ■ iHcturers enables us to compete with New York prices Agents Cot Wade's celebrated Printing Ink*; Agents In tills city for the limb Paper Mills. The lily ii Oh I cash pi ices paid fur all kind* of t ark THE LAWYERS' TEST OHM United States District Court Southern District of treorghi. Argument of HON. HENRY S. FITCH,' brtmte aud partEn ornament. Our eculpto made «*****•, TJ. H. District Attorney. IN PAMPHLET FORM. PRICE F’lV’ 1'KKN cents. Fqrealehy ESTILL St BROTHER, Bull street, corner Bay lane, SCHREINER. A SON, Congreaa *t«*t, And natoMwithin s datoto hare given origin inch’* ceivetL above tax for the peat rnoak mlad to a Uetore so the ■etoatlce of xtpoae iltedki -■ Ht. T. COOPER. OLCOTTS A FARRELLT. *4 tf ■ /NOTICE. B Y the Ordinance 1 the 27th day of I gross sales of every (' Bey payable.in *. City Treasurer, VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. LEXINGTON, VA. r E BOARD OF VISITORS will meet at the Vir ginia Military institute on the 27th of June, to make appointment* of Cadeu. Applications for State and pay Cada* appointiaoBU will be made to the un deratened, accompanied with the anal testimonials moral character tor appointment moat l>e exempt from of age* between 16 and 2* years, and let applicants, must satisfy Itytomeet the expenses of thfflaktftattoo, . tor edmintiOB most be tbte to read and ' to perform with tociUty and accuracy —of the four ground rule* of MR of Ample and com; cram] rar and decimal fraction*. " ~tltrlct) will it charge. I» toe Board ttoc OFFIOXm PRESIDENT AND TREASURES, . COL. MAURICE S. LANGHO VINE PRESIDENTS, GEN. JOHN B. GORDON, of GEN. HARRY T. HAYS, of LoSsll GEN. JOtilf B. GORDON, Chief dgent at Atlanta, Ga , Agent for the State o. c. my23 MYERS, General Agent, SAVANNAH, GA TUB O-RUffi. SOUTHERN AND WESTERN Life and Accident INSURANCE COMPANY N"ew Orleans* Capital, $300,000 GEK. JAMES L0K6STREET, Presifeil. AH FHtFAktD O TAKE RISKS Reaaonable Terms. WILLIAM C. COSKNS, Agent, WTgl-tr At Marine Rank THE OGLETHORPE of Vtelton to maintain the high In rail character or thelnattta.ta, and to pat in fall operation ita well - ~ OttinSIWyiltol nfdUdptlne and taatruc- ot the lnatlflitlon wiU toe «:u of July. The on toe 2Tth of Jane, omnlittd The public if tnin estrdKi Man will be FRANCIS H. SMITH. Superintendent please Insert tax times, Insurance Comp’y of aaiMMiiaH Are prepared to take tFire Risks on Reasonable Terns. At toeir Office, 117 Bay Street. M. W. MERCER. President W, STEELE, J. T. Taoiua, Bee. II MuftSbrIb*Swr, MH— H«Ri,gff. C« AaM comer MUkgemMMeorge Me., Charleston, and Bat all H. W. Mercer O. & Hardee William Banter A. 8. Hartrldge A. Porter R. Morgan J. Stoddard J. T. Thomas Dirmotorn: M. 8. Cohen J. Lama J. W. Nentt D G. Faroe a. Fullerton ■* J. McMahon U J. GaUmartto F. W.8Uns ft Tenhtteott E.P. CUton.4 4. W. Knott,] B-*.RoaAl* W. H-Xoun*. Oatomhna S'SHra Claret Wine. and peeeagr money payahtt.In .ir- ■ pu r kCtoMi STib* I WINE tor ante by R. W. MARSH** Cto. Qomer Wbttafc*rudCoagrea**tre«t*. Rockland Lime, FJUVHCla COBB’S MANUFACTURE. JO0 BBL8 tat qnaBty. now