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ffpi p.iii-i. ■ • i -i . i iinni Hpnipppmi VOL. 2-NO. 143- SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, TUESDAY, JUNE The Daily News andLNerald. PUBLI^HEP S. W. MASON. ill Bat Stf cet » Batahwb, Q*o TKim: Per Copy.... ;....Five Cento. R vTi: - OF ADVERTtrsING. ONE fW r ARE > flrst insertion, $1.50 ; each Inser tion a'frr first, 75 cents. A SQUARE is ten measured lines of Nonpa- Kll ,.r me News and Herald. fjr Advertisements inserted as special notices will i<e charged thirty per cent, advance on table rates. W Advertisements of a transient character, not specified as to time, will be continued until ordered ont, and charged accordingly. HT No yearly contracts, except lor space at table rates, will be made; and, in contracts for space, all changes will be charged fifty cents per square for each change. py Editorial, local or business notices, for indi vidual benefit, will be subject to a charge of fifty cents per line, bnt not less than three dollars for each insertion. All transient Advertisements must be paid in advance. •JOB PRINTING, i Livery style, neatly and promptly done. JEFFERSON DAVIS IN PRISON. Scenes and Incidents of the Life of the Ex*Confederate Presi dent in the Casemate at Fortress Monroe. Extracts from the Diary of the Post;Surgeon. KIGORS OF HIS CONFINEMENT. Opinion* of the Confederate header on Social and Political Affair*. [continued.] southern Migration to Mexico.—Mr. Calhoun's Memory vindicated from one Charge*—Tribute to Albeit Sidney Johnson.—Failure of Southern Iron-dads and Loss of the Mississippi. July 21th. —Called on Mr. Davis, accompanied by Capt. Kcrte. 3d Pennsylvania Artillery, officer of the day. Found prisoner still very feeble, but said he could not resist the temptation to crawl out in such beauti ful weather, even at the cost of the degrading guards whj dogged his steps. Captain Korte absent during greater part of this interview, relieving guard in the oasemates of Clay and other prisoners. Borne officers of the day often left me alone with prisoner for this purpose ; others remained close to us as we conversed* but as Mr. Davis always spoke in a subdued manner, and my replies were given in the usual confidential tone of a doctor consulting a patient, the presence or ab sence of the officer of the day made little differ- euce. fij' Mr. Davis spoke of the folly and something worse of those Southern leaders who had fled to Mexico. It was an act of cowardice—an evasion of duty only to be excelled by suicide. They had been instrumental in briugiug the evils ot military subjugation on the people, and should remain to share their burdens. The great masses of the people were rooted to the •oil, aud could not, and should not fly. The flrst duty of the men who had been in command during the struggle was, to remain faithful fellow-sufferers with the rank and tile. 13y doing so they could yet exercise a moral and intellectual, if not political, weight against the schemers of rapine and oppression now swarming over the Southern country ; while by deserting they abandon helpless ignorance to the •way of powerful craft, arid confessed judgment to whatever charges might be brought against them. The scheme of a political settlement in Mexico was preposterous in prat t ce, though tempting to wounded pride. Settlements and colonies were governed, or governed themselves by laws of material interest, considerations of profit and loss ; and no settlers could be imagined less fitted for the requirements of a new colony than a body' of embittered politicians, still sore and smarting from a conflict in which they had incurred defeat. Patience, indomitable industry and sell-denial were the necessities of every new set tlement; aud these—even were the colonists of a more •suitable c lass—could scarcely be continued in Mexico, where languor, indolence and ease are constituent portions ol the climate. Itr-H arked to Mr. Davis that I had always tie fidibustenng expeditions of Lopez against Cuba, aid Walker in Nicaragua, as Southern projects lor iuc acquirement of more territory aud larger representa tion in Congress, to balance the increasing free States < f the North aud West. If his opinions against the : visibility of Southern men colonizing Mexico had been general with his people, how came the Lopez, and more especially the Walker expeditions, to find ravor in his section, Walker proposing an American settlement so much nearer the equator ? The desire lor Cuba could be understood ; its enormous slave population, wealth, and command of the Gulf, forming sufficient attractions. Mr. Davis replied there had been a general desire .n the South for Cuba, but none of any consequence tor Central America. Neither expedition, however, had been supported by any organized party of bis people- The Walker foray in Nicaragua had its main ori gin in a quarrel between two new New York commer cial houses—those of Governor Morgan and Cornelius Vanderbilt, as he understood—for the profits of th e Transit Company across tlio Isthmus. The expedi tion against Cuba was favored by General Quitman, and had so much of direct Southern sanction as might be drawn from the (ieneral’s representative position —which was deservedly of the highest—but no more. It was fostered on the statements aud promises ol Cuban planters anxious for annexation, and promis ing a liberal co-operation ol men and means tho mo ment a lauding was effected. These promises went ofl iu smoke, as do all the promises of a tropical and luxurious people for active exertion ; aud so the mat ter ended. In regard to his remarks about settlements in Mexi co, it was not his intention—the reverse, in fact—to oe understood as suggesting that his people could not, or will not colonize and reclaim the greater part or the whole of that country. His thought merely was, that a settlement of self-exiled politicians and soldiers, act ing under the impulse of anger, and with no fixed purposes or habits of industry, and but little capital in money or materials, formed a poor basis for any • denization project of permanent prosperity. His people needed more territory and would continue to need it. their line of expansion running towards Mexico; but this would have to come by natural pro cesses of growth, perhaps assisted, when time was npr, by some such political and mbitary movements tailed Texas to the country. Timely blossom gives timely fruit, aud we can no more quicken the healthy growth of a nation by artificial aid than tho growth of * child. If restraints be imposed on natural growth, violence may be useful to cast off such restraints, but beyond this can only serve to retard expansion. Same afternoon, joined Mr. Davis, who was seated with Major-General Miles on the south front of the ramparts, the prisoner seeming to prefer this aspect of the compass. Gen. Miles remarked that the fortification known as Hip Baps had already occupied much time, and must have cost the Government vast soma of money. Mr. Davis replied, giving full statistics on the sub ject up to the period he had ceased to be Secretary of War, adding, that many years ago it had approached completion, but had slowly settled down until the sec- 0Q d her of embrasures reached the sea-level, owing to a spreading of the artificial rock-island on which it has berm built. As it was so nearly finished, and might be ttteful in case of a foreign war, he supposed Govern- &itiit would now complete its armament and maintain il as a permanent fort; but it the matter were to do ^ver again, a couple of irou-clads would serve all its purposes better, at less than a tenth of its expense. Allies observed, interrogatively, that it was re ported John C. Calhoun had made much money by speculations, or favoring* the speculations of his friend* connected with this work. in & moment Mr. Davis started to his feet, betraying much indignation by his excited manner and flushed cheek. It was a transfiguration of friendly emotion, the feeble and wasted invalid and prisoner suddenly forgetting his bonds, forgetting his debility, and ablaze with eloquent anger against this injustice to the memory of one whom he loved and reverenced. Mr. Calhoun, he said, lived a whole atmosphere above sordid or dishonest thought—was of a nature to which even a mean act was impossible. It was said in ev «7 Northern paper that he iMr. Davis) had carried with him five millions in gold when quitting Rich mond—money pilfered from the treasury of the Con federate -States—and there was just as much truth in that at in these imputations against Calhoun. One of the worst signs of the times is the looseness with which imputations of dishonesty are made and ac cepted against public men in eminent station. They who spit against the wind, spit in their own faces, and such charges come back to soil the men who make them, if an individual has any proof of dishonesty against a public man, he should bring his charges in due form, and have an open trial; but when an entire People, or their great majority, greedily accept and be- hey^yunsupported imputation of corruption against a distinguished statesman or other officer it argues corruption in their own minds, and that they suapect u lD others because conscious it would be their own 'coarse if endowed with power. Mr. Davis then entered upon an explanation, too minute for me to follow, of the manner in which these 'fwges against Mr. Calhoun arose from the malice of ■ome speculators,between whose avarice and the pub- “ c treasury Mr. Calhoun bad interposed his pure and influence. Calhoun was a statesman, a pbil- yi °pne r , in the true sense of that grossly abused term ■~^n enthusiast of perfect liberty in representative govermentaj action. Wrong, of course, in his "jTC'hMons, the opponents of his theory were free to him; but Mr. Davis believed the hands of 'Jywge Washington not more free from the filthiness , than were those of the departed statesman ^?®had been thus libelled. Every public officer who the schemes of rogues must prepare to pay ww penalty. There was not a general in either army Si?* I**®* wmr who was not accused by sutlers and ^*«p-foUower» of having made fortunes from theex- •wn* which their powers allowed them to impose. the astronomer dwalls in his tower watching the kTtjIl breed and slimy things crawl gt will “ the foundation story of hi, edifice. Mr- Davis with Captain Gna- Fonnd prisoner improving. Mentioned that I had spent the previous day on the wreck of the Trigate Congress, sunk by the Merrimac, describing minutely, at his request, the state of the vessel, and the process of elevating sunken vessels by building a bulkhead, Ac., and the use of powerful pumps. Mr. Davis ap peared much interested, saying the Congress had fought gallantly, and it was in consequence of injuries to tho prow of the Merrimac from her shot, and not owing to the attack of the Monitor, that the Merrimac had been compelled to retire. These injuries Started a fatat leak, which the weight of armor rendered it impossible to cure; and this was the true cause of the vessel's final failure. Mr. Davis also spoke of the con tinued advances iu engineering skill and mechanical contrivance. When the Royal George capsized she went to the bottom uninjured, and would have been in perfect order had such means for-raising sunken vessels been then -known. The British Government had made great exertions, and offered large rewards, he believed, to accomplish this result, but witho£ success; aud only such small articles, or piecenaif* 1 * parts had been regained as the divers could fastcar ropes to, and cause to be hauled up. With the excep tion of the Merrimac, no armed vessel of the South had enjoyed a fortunate career, aud hers was brief. They were either captured, like the Atlanta, while trying to run out to sea, or destroyed by our war ves sels aud gunboats while still imperfect aud unprepared for the combat. The capture of New Orleans was a. great calamity to his cause, bnt mainly injurious from its sacrifice of the inchoate iron-rlads of the Missis sippi. With the mouth and bead-waters of this vital river in our possession, no energy could have warded off the result beyond a certain time, if the North, with its superior resources of manufacture and preponder ance of population, should see fit to persist. Pember ton made a splendid defence of Vicksburg. He had been blamed for remaining there, but this was the last hope of saving the Mississippi and keeping open the beef, aud other commissary supplies of the Trans- Mississippi department? Had General Albert Sidney Johnston lived, Mr. Davis was of opinion our success down the Mississippi would have been fatally checked at Corinth. This officer beat realized his ideal of a perfect commander —large In view, discreet in council, silent as to his own plans, observant and penetrative of the enemy's, sudden and impetuous in action, but of a nerve and balance of judgment which no beat of danger or com plexity of manoeuvre could upset or bewilder. All that Napoleon said of Dessaix and Kleber, save the 9lovenly habits of one of them, might be combined and (truthfully said of Albert Sidney Johnston. Johnston had been opposed to locating the Con federate Capital at Richmond, alleging that ii would involve fighting on the exterior of our circle, in lieu of tba centre; aud that as the struggle would finally be for whatever point was tlie capital, it was ill-advised to go so far north, thus shortening the enemy’s line of transportation and supply. What ever value this criticism may have had in a mil itary point of view, added Mr. Davis, there were po litical necessities connected with Virginia which left no choice in the matter. It was a bold courting of the issue, clearly planting our standard in front of the en emy’s line and across his path. Such reflections are of no use now, concluded Mr. Davis, aud the Spaniards tell us when a sorrow is asleep not to waken It. Talking of the financial future of the South, he be lieved negro labor requisite for the profitable work ing of the rice, sugar, aud cottou crops. These staples peculiarly demanded the industry of this race. Germans, or Irishmen could grow tobacco with profit, and for a few yeras,perhaps, cultivate the other staples; hat the climatic influences would overpower their constitutions, and the rice-fields, in particular, prove deadly to any laborers but the black. To this 1 opposed my own experience on the Sea Islands of the Southern coast, where I had cogni zance of the tanitary condition of an average of fif teen thousand soldiers, black and white, aud ol all nationalities, for nearly three years; and the result had been that negroes, to the “manor born,” had suf fered more than any others, white or black, with the exception of the troops from Maine. The work for all had been of the hardest and heaviest; guard duty night and day along creeks, lagoons and swamps; in cessant toil in the trenches and on the works ; the severest portion of these labors having been performed on Morris Island, in the month of July. The South ern negro refugees—men, women aud children, living iu villages on Port Royal, St. Helena, Edisto, Ladies, and other islands—suffered more from the fevers of the climate than our black troops from the North, and far more than our white troops, who were the healthiest In the whole armies of the Union, with the exception of those from the inland mountains of Maine, and perhaps New Hampshire. Mr. Davis thought this very possible, but the mor tality of the plantation negroes arose from the ab sence of restraint, and their inability to guide them selves. It was to the master’s interest that they should be kept in health by regular hours, wholesome food, and proper periods of rest. The license of sud den freedom proved too much for their ignorant pas sions, and became perverted into debauchery. It was a feast or a famine with them, and such violent changes of habit never failed to work ruin. While slaves, they were coiiffued to their quarcers alter cer tain hours of the night, aud thus saved from malarial exposure ; while in their new liberty they doubtless remained abroad until whatever hour they pleased. As to the health of the white troops, the excitement of war was in itself a prophylactic. But let the same men try regular labor in time of peace, and a different ^health-bill would be returned. stood an. infinitely more objectionable and pulous successor (Mr. Hamlin); and the ' struck down the President of the United Bit Mr. Davis onA'egro Character.— The Assassination of President Lincoln.—Bow the Prisoner's Pood was Served.-A .Solemn and Interesting Statement. August Hth.—Had been absent in Baltimore on official business some few days, during which Mr. Baris sent for me. Called with Captain Evans, officer of tile day, and explained my absence. A pustule. —v 1st ted ifc. Davis with Captain Gna- -See letter of Mrs. ** Pennsylvania ArtlHsry, officer oT tht day. this worthy servant. prisoner's face, which Swollen, ne retain— i—w the ca8e mate was full of malarial poison, caused by the rrSfffig n 2Im ing of the tide in the ditch outside tas previously explained), and wished the Washington people would take quicker means of dispatching him, if his death without trial was their object. That it was so he was led to suspect, for a trial muat develop many things not pleasant to those in power. In particular it would place the responsibility for tho nou-exchange of prisoners where it belonged. Called the same evening. Prisoner in a high fever, the swelling of his face spreading to his back and head, with indications of latent erysipelaa. Mr. Davis wished he could have with him his faithful servant Robert, who, though a slave, had a moral no bility deserving honor. The negroes had excellent traits of character, but required, for their own sakes, guidance and control. They were docile, as a general role, easily imbued with religious sentiment, quick in .sympathies, and of warm family affection.— Their passions, however, were intenso and uncon trollable. Slavery had been blamed for their inconti nence, but this was unjust. Were the free blacks any less libidinous 1 The Southern slaves were incom parably more chaste, or less unchaste, than people of the same race in the North. Slavery was a restraiut upon promiscuous intercourse, and for commercial reasons, if for none higher. The negroes were im provident to a degree that muet reduce them to desti tution if not cared for. They bad to be provided with fresh seeds for their little garden patches every year, no remonstrances sufficing to make them provide one season for the wants of the next. It was in their af fections they were strong, and many of them had excellent traits. His man Robert was the beat and most faithful of his race, and had attended him through many serious illnesses. Was with bis wife on board the Clyde, but might possibly have deserted the sinking ship by this time. Did not think he would, though others with greater claims to keep them faithful were among his enemies.' 1 ' August 16th.—Called with Captain Gressiu, Aid-de- Camp of General Miles, officer of the day. Prisoner suffering severely, but in a lees critical state, the erysipelas xiow showing itself in his nose and fore head. Found that a carbuncle was forming on his left thigh, Mr. Davis urging this as proof of a malarial atmosphere in his cell, reiterating his wish that, if the Government wanted to be rid of him wlthont trial, it might take some quicker process. Prisoner said be bad never held much hope for himself since entering Fortress Monroe, aud was now losing it for his people. The action aud tone in re gard to the Richmond elections gave evidence that the policy of "woe to the conquered" would prevail. What a cruel farce it was to permit an exercise of the elective franchise, with a proviso that the electors must cast their ballots for men they despised or bated! Either all pretence of continuing representa tive government should be abandoned, or free ac ceptance given to the men indorsed by the people. To ask men who had fought, sacriffced, aud lost their all for a cause, to wheel suddenly, and vote into power' men they despised as renegades or cowards, was the sin of attempting to seethe the kid iu its mother’s milk. Better for the South to remain disfranchised forever than crawl back into office or recognition through such incredible apostacy. Better remain prisoners than be citizens on such terms, in no dis trict of Virginia could wbat we called a “loyalist, muster a corporal's guard of men witb similar senti ments. Why organize hypocrisy by attempting to force into elective positions men who were not repre sentatives of their alleged constituents—meu who could only sxcite the abhorrence or contempt of nine ty-nine in every hundred of the peoj® ? Either the South should be declared so many conquered provinces under militury rule, or given back the free dom of the ballot. To offer bribes for wholesale false hood wonld be found poor policy; and the meu here after to create trouble in the South would not be the gallant and well-born gentlemen who fought loyally, and at every sacrifice of life and property for a cause they believed right, but that small scum of poltroons and renegades who remained ‘‘neutral" through the contest, only anxious to avoid danger for themselves, and jump over to thoeide that won. The former class accepted defeat, aud would loyally preserve any obli gation* that might be imposed on them. The latter were worthless and pitiful intriguers, commanding no popular confidence, chastened by no memories of the struggle; end now that no personal risk could be incurred, would seek to attain popularity—the popu larity of demagogue*—by re-tanning into flame the pasaioua and prejudices of the ignorant and vulgar.— They will be cttnMfoas for Southern rights, uow that Southern rights are dead, and out-Herod Herod in their professed devotion to the Southern cause. August 20th.—Called with Captain Evans, officer of the day. Mr. Davis suffering great prostration, a cloud of erysipelas covering his whole face and throat. The carbuncle much inflamed. Spirits exceedingly dejected, evinced bv anxiety for bis wife and children. That he should die without opportunity, or rebutting in public trial the imputed stigma of having had share in the conspiracy to assassinate Mr. Lincoln, waa referred to frequently and painfully. That his tory would do him justice, and tbe criminal absurdity of the charge be its own refutation, he had cheerful confidence while in health ; but in his feebleness and despondency, with knowledge how powerful they were who wished to affix this stain, his alarm, lest it might become a reproach to his children, grew an in- creasiag shadow. • Of Mr. Lincoln be then spoke, not in affected terms of regard or admiration, bnt paying a simple and sin cere tribuie to his goodness of character, honesty of purpose, and Christian desire to be frithful to his du ties according to such light as was given him. Also to Us official purity and freedom from avarice. The Southern press labored in tbe early part of the war to render Mr- Lincoln abhorred and contemptible ; bnt such efforts were against his judgment, and met such opposition as his multiplied cares and labors would permit. Behind Mr. Lincoln, during his first term, ♦See letter of Mrs. Davis further „on, in retard to acru Ifist the United Slides would place that successor in power. When Mr. Lincoln was reinaugurated thecauae of his people was bopeleas, of very nearly so—the struggle only justifiable in continuance by its better attitude for obtaining terms; and from no rater the United States could have might terms so generous have been expected- Mr. Lincoln was kind of heart, naturally longing for the glory and repose of a second term to be spent in peace. Hr. Johnson, being frpm the South,' dare not offer such liberal treatment; his motives would be impugned. In every embittered national struggle, proposals to assassinate the rival representatives were common, emanating from different classes of men, with different motives; from spies of tbe enemy’, wishing to obtain evidence how such proposals would be received ; froth fanatics, religious or. patriotic, be lieving the act would prove acceptable to Heaven; from lunatics, driven mad by sufferings connected with tbe struggle ; and from boastful and often cow ardly desperadoes, seeking gold and notoriety by at tempting, or promising to attempt the crime. At the time it occurred, Mr. Lincoln’s death, even by natural causes, would have been a serious injury to the pects of the South ; but tbe manner of his takii frenzying the Northern mind, wss the last crowning calamity ot a dispairing and defeated, though right eous cause. August 21st.—Called with Captain Oorlis, os the staff ot General Mites, officer of the day. Prostration increased, and the erysipelas spreading. Deemed it my duty to send a communication to Major General Miles, reporting that 1 found the State prisoner Davis, suffering severely from erysipelas in the fhee and head, accompanied by the usual prostration attending that disease. Also that he had. a small carbuncle on his left thigh, his condition denoting a low Btate of the vital forces. August 23(1.—Called with Captain Evans. 31 Penn sylvania Artillery, officer of the day. Prisoner a little unproved, febrile symptoms subsiding. • Had no appetite for ordinary food, but found the cookies* sad moisture of fruits agreeable. Said be had concluded not to lose any mare spoons for me, bat would retain the one that morning sent with his breakfast. Unless things took a change he would not rsquirs it long. [This was an allusion to the desire some of tbe guards had to secure trophies of anything Mr. Davis had touched. They had carried away bis brier-wood pipe, and from time to time taken five of the spoons sent over with his meals from my quarters. The meals were sent over by a bright little mulatto boy named Joe, who handed them to tbe sergeant of the guard outside the casemate, who passed them through tbe window to the lieutenant of tbe guard in the outer cell, by whom they Were handed to tbe prisoner through the grated doors of the inside room, the keys of which were held by the officer of the day. No knife and fork being allowed the prisoner, "lest he should commit suicide,” his food had to be cut up before being sent over—a needless precaution, it always seemed to me, aud more likely to produce than pre vent tho act, by continually keeping the idea that it was expected before the prisoner’s mind. It was in returning the trays from Mr. Davis to my quarters that the spoons were taken—an annoyance obviated by bis retaining one for use. This only changed the form of trophy, however; napkins that he had used being tbe next class of prizes seized and sent home to sweethearts by loyal warders at the gates.] Mr. Davis expressed some anxiety as to bis present iilneaB. He was not one of those who, when in trouble, wiahod to die. Great invalids seldom hid this wish, save when protracted suffering, had weakened the brain. Suicides were commonly of the robuster class—men who had never been brought close to death nor thought much about it seriously. A good old Bishop once remarked, that “dying was the last thing a man should tbiuk about,” and the mixture of wisdom and qoaint humor in the phrase had im pressed Mr. Davis. Even to Christians, witb the hope of an immortal future for the soul, tbe idea of physical annihilation—of parting forever from the tenement of flesh in which we have had so many joys and st »rrows—was one full of awe, if not terror. Wbat it must be to the unbeliever, who entertained abso- lnte and total annihilation as bis prospect, he could not conceive. Never again’ to hear of wife or children—to take the great leap into black vacuity, with no hope of meeting in a brighter and happier life the loved ones left behind, the loved ones gone before! He bad more reasons than other men, and now more than ever, to wish for some prolongation of life, as also to welcome death. His intolerable sufferings and wretched state argffsd for the grave asm place of rest. His duties to tbe cause he had represented, und his family, made him long to be continued on the footstool, in whatever pain or misery, at least until by tbe ordeal of a trial he could convince the world he was not the monster his enemies would make biro ap pear, and that no wilful departures from the humani ties of war had stained the escutcheon of his people. Errors, like all other men, he had committed ; but stretched now on a bed from which he might never rise, and looking with the eyes of faith, which no walls could bar, up to the throne of Divine mercy, it was his comfort that no snch crimes as men laid to bis charge reproached him in the whispers of his con science. “They charge me with crime, Doctor, but God knows my innocence. I indorsed no measure that was not justified by the laws of war. Failure is all forms of guilt in one to men who occupied my position. Should I die, repeat this for the sake of my people, my dear wife, and poor darling children. Tell tbe world I only loved America, and that in following my State I was oply carrying out doctrines received from rever enced lips in my early youth, and adopted by my judgment as the convictions of riper years.” Air. Davis spoke witb intense earnestness—the so lemnity of a dying man. though not then, in my ■JuO^innut, lu May lmuiedintn daugrr. Bias wurtUriw quoted, were taken ’down on my return to quarters, and are here given for what each reader may think imjpesfad w® •» sincere, srd of law—the speaker uttered them in the gtxxi faith of a religious man, who thought death might very possibly be near, if not imminent and certain. (To be Continued.) the The Higher Law Doctrine—Ils Legiti mate Fruits. [From tbe Baltimore Gazette. | The higher law doctrine of Mr. Seward and ot the Republicans, who caught up and adopted this new theory of justice and right, as applicable to the South aud its institutions, is bearing its appropriate fruits at the North also. In New York the Slate Legislature, under the Bame Puritanical influences that have been aud are still dominant in Maryland, passed a Sunday law which, among other things, prohibited, as with ns, the sale of beer or spirituous liquors on Sunday. A Mr. Falk, who is the proprietor of one of those beer gardens in which tbe Germans so much delight, bolding an unexpired license which, in his opinioD, the Sunday law did not affect, sued out an injunction iu one of the courts to prohibit the police commission ers irom interfering with his business until the point at issue was decided. The injunction was granted, and on the strength of it Mr. Falk reopened his gar den on Sundays as usual. Tho New York Tribune, not content with denouncing Mr. Falk as a law-break er, attacks the court for granting the injunction. The position taken by tbe Tribune is this. "We hold,” says that journal, “that a court haa something more to do than look at tbe narrow letter of a law. There are two theories of judicial adminis tration-one that a Judge ia to consider the law only; another that he is sometimes to try to make his bench tribunal of justice. Society expects the latter. It cares little for forms; it cares much for substance. It baa been a favorite maxim with Judges that they are to expound the statute and ignore consequences. That is a feudal idea. The higher notion of judicial functions makes them guardians of the good order and morals of society. Whether they shall be or not depends much on wbat society demands. Iu the Ex cise law, or aqy other few. a Judge will probably rep resent in his decision the necessity of the common weal. Society, therefore, is responsible at last for wbat it allows its Judges to decide, and the press, as the organ of public virtue, must criticise the doings of the bench as vigorously as of the bar, or the pulpit, ortho platform.” It is upon the above theory tliat the radicals have acted from the beginning, both in regard to the Con stitution of tbe United States and the laws enacted un der it. The letter of the law, wherever it stands in opposition to their views, they complacently repudi ate, and seek their justification in the plea that they are conforming to its spirit. If we accept such to be the true mode in which the laws are to be administer ed, we shall have as many interpretations of the same statute as there are individual opinions. It has al ready introduced into the decisions of the Bench, a* it has into politics, a wild and reckless latitudinarian- lsra, which, if it is net speedily checked, will render all laws valueless. “To expound the statute aud ig nore consequences,” says tbe Tribune, ”is a feudal idea.” Tbe true theory of judioial action, according to tho same authority, ia to conform to what society demands, und to leave tbe interpretation of the law to take care of itself. But what constitutes society ? Is it the governing faction in a State, whether that faction be a majority, as in New York, or the shabbiest of mi norities, as here in Maryland ? If by society is meant tbe whole population of a State, or the wholo population of a. city, who shall decide what are the seuiiments of the one or id the other? If a Judge assume that a majority in the State repre sents society, and tbe Legislature as expressing the views of that majority, he must interpret strictly and conscientiously the laws enacted by that Legislature. If, on the other hand, he assumo that a certain law has an especial application to society in a city, and is quite sure that a majority of its inhabitants is opposed to its enforcement, must he loosely interpret or wholly misinterpret the law ho as to conform his decision ac cordingly ? Of course, as the Tribune says, “society is raspousibe at last for what “ita Judges decide,' 1 but not in the unwarrantable sense intended by tbe Tri bune. The responsibility of society goes back to the choice of legislators who enact foolish laws, and to the election of Judges who foolishly interpret them. It is herein that the responsibility of society consists. So ciety caunot afterwards cover np its 'responsibility by demanding that Judges shall strain and warp the laws in accordance with popular opinion or the require ments of a faction. If the laws lire good they should be enforoed, if bad annulled; bnt it is not for the Judges to expound them otherwise than according to their true intent and meaning. If we are to beliove the Tribune, society demands that the Sunday law shall be rigorously enforced. But when Mr. Falk, or any other man whose sights have been invaded, or whose privileges have been circumscribed, seeks his remedy under qpolhswstatate much mare righteous in its operation than the Sunday law, the Tribune steps in with ita cant about “society,” and denounces tbe Judge for granting the application for an injunc tion. If your bull gores my ox I have an action for damages against you; bnt if my ox gores your boll no action for damages ought to lie. The interests of so ciety—that is to aay my interests and tbe interests of those who think in common with me—demand that there shall be punishment in your case and exemption in mine. Such is tbe logic of the radhate. Tlae Degrees (ted’t Tskt It. The Tallahassee Floridian says*; ‘The acting Post master at Welbom in this State, being unable to take the ‘-iron-clad,” recently received notice to dose his office. Tbie threw tbe citizen* iato some excitement, for they did not much ralish tb* ides tt being cut off from postal facilities. But there W*n no heinJOrft if no one eoald be found who cotdd take the oath, the office most bo abut op. They Mad the ladies; bnt all had been rebellious—not pan wetdd consent to postmistresses. In their dilemma an hpaest nearD' th might of—oner who bad proved fkithfol war --sird ha was urged to take the office. Tho oath was. read to him *nd explained, whempon he promptly said, “I can't take it. I was a servant and Confederate soldier during the war. All my sent! meats ase against them, and I won"t hays the place. The negro’e name is “P.ncknsy Redmond.” There is more in this remarks the Hacon Telegraph, than appears st first glance. We see daily in the Northern papers dissertations on the loyalty offihe Southern black* during th* late war, and the idea seems to be that they were all on the aide of the North. Now'we kbow fkr more of the sentiments of the colored people of th* South than - any Northern man can, and we have frequently had it in expoae this assumption, for it ia nothing more. Our own opiniontsthat exactly the opposite it the truth. The negro bad no -deatrs to fight on either aide, but bad it beau put to vote during the war, with a cer tainty that he bad to fight on one side or the other, we firmly believe that nineteen out of twenty would nave joined the causa of their masters. Our Yankee brethren may make wk*t they choose out of this statement, but we firmly believe in ita trnth. “The negro had no desire to t^bt on either aide. True, and the fact reminds us of a very striking illus tration of the negro's position in tbe late contest, given by a faithful Virginia servant of an officer in the Confederate army. Shortly after (he naws had reached the camp in North Carolina that tbe Confederate Government contemplated putting biaok froopsinto the service, tbq subject was a matter ot fr«qqQ>t discussion among th* negroes around the camp fires: “Is you gwine to 'list, Thornton ?” asked a rather spirited darkey of a staid old fallow who had followed his master through the war. “No,” replied Thornton. “I don’t want to have nothin Id do with no fighttn. Nigger got no bnsi nogs with musket.’ “But, ” qgked th* other who pretended rather to favor the proposition, “aint you wiUiu to help to whip the Yankees? Aint you ’gin ’em ?” “Yes, I is 'posed to 'em, but His way for niggar to help fight the Yankees is wid de hoe. He kaowa what to do wid dat. But what he know about ainsket.” ■Eh, Thornton, yon don't want to fight no how, ‘Data a fact. What nigger got to fight about. Da white men, de Yankee* and de Federates is like two dogs flgbtin Tor a bone. Nigger it de bone. Yon see dogs fight for a bone bnt you never see de bone fight.” ‘Dat’a a fket,” amid the other. “De bone never fight. But he git mighty bad chawed sometimes. That the poor a negro baa been terribly chawed in the late conflict between the North and South, no one who haa any knowledge of hie present condition will deny. HELMBOLO'S FLUID EXTRACT BUCHU, Gold Sbnt to Eubopb.—The specie exported on freight from New York and Boston within ths last five weeks foot* up aa follows: Week ending May 19th .« 8,763,296 Weak ending May 36th U,364,840 Weak ending June 9d 6,878,978 Week ending June 9th 5,886,800. Weak ending June 16th 6,163,19? Total, five weeks.... .$88,979^913 For Weakness anting from Indiscretion. The powers of Nature which are aoeompeoied byte many alarming symptoms, among wbiah wtU b* foanfl India position to Exertion, Loss of Memory, WakMhkwm, Horror of Disease, or Forebodings of Evil; in feet, Universal Lassitude, Prostration, and inability t* enter into tbe enjoyments of auciety. '* The Constitution, once affected with Oiganic IFsabuB, require* the aid of Medicine to Urengthm and imigonu the iptem, which HELUBOID’S EXTRACT BUCHU in variably floes. If no treatment is submitted to, Con ■umptiah *r Insanity aimuas. HELMBOLD’S FLUID EXTRACT BUCHU, In affections peculiar to “ Fotuxs,” Is unequaled by any other preparation es In Chlorosis or Retaotloa, Painfnlneas, or Suppramuai of Customary EvaemtiOM, Ulcerated or Sohlrrua State of ths Uterus; and all com plaints Incident to the sex, whether arising from hahlta of dissipation, imprudence In, or th* dsetta* or ahang* la Ufa. HKLMBOLD'B fluid kxtbaot bugkv Will radically exterminate from th* system Dtasaaaa arising from Habits of Dissipation at KM* mpamr, Utffa ptetely Mana&g VTj7 iff Hi HMWPI fesflvo, fbpoiha, and Jfarvmy, In aU thms dtsssesq usb HTnr.MBOuya FLUID EXTRACT IUQHU la all Dlssaam of these organa, whether existing la ' Male ” or “ Anots,” from whaUctr sums *r*Mflfap> and no matter how long standing. It is pleasant ifi test* and odor, “ immediate ” in action, and more strength ening than any of ths preparation* of Bark or bo%. Those suffering from Broken down or DiUccU Oomtt tntime, procure Iks rrandy gj owes - Th* reader mast b* aware that howsvtr alight msy be the attack of the above iHaaaem, It la osrtsin toaf- tset Mt BodOg Health, Mentol Powers, and Bkfftnem. AU tha above diaaaaaa require th* old dt a llaratto. HELUBOLDS XdCTRACT BPCHU In tba Grant Dioratio. HELMBOLO’S HIGHLY CONCENTRATED COMPOUND FLUID EXTRACT SABSiPAKOLA, For purifying the Mood, removing all chroflo oooatltu- ttenal diseases arkflag from Ml fanpoM dale of th* blood, and th* only reliable and sObciaal known mr^f—*-i—* #0 ~-^-*i|ftrflliHlffiit,‘hii mienai Patna and 8w*U|nga or th* Btnm, Utearaton of th* Throat end Legs, Hotohae, Ftmplss oa OWfeoe, Tstter, ftyslpalia, and aU sly ■’ifrlMarafteiflto, ’ AND BEAUTIFYING THE OOMPLlboN. Not a fear of tba worst dMorder* that afoct maakfed arias from tbaaorraptloa that aocnmuktetti tha blood or all th* discoveries that Imre Man mote to ptnga it out, nans can equal In eflket HBLUBOUW COMPOUND EXTRACT OF SARSAPARILLA, tt flteoiara oad imx^ vales tbs blood, kutlts thw vtger at team (ate tha system, sod purge* out th* tamor* the* nuke dfc aqae- It stimulate* tha hmkhy fenathm ot th* body and expels th* disorder* that glow sag iMkla lu tba blood. Such a ramadythat eoald h* rslfefl an, haa long been sought for, aa4 now, tor thqfirst time, th* public have one on which tbsy can dsptid. Ow yprit here does not admit of certificates to alow It* affbets but the trial of a alngl* boUte win abomhe sick that U baa vlrtam surpassing frothing they hare ever taken. Two tableapoanfhlofthaEKtiActflfSamiarillasdded to n pint of water I* equal to th* UabonOlat/Drink, and an* bottle la fully frpaj to a gallon of IK Syrup of Sar saparilla, or the decoctions* usually nada, fi9» THESE EX3EACCR RAVE am ADMITTED TO USB IN THE UNITED SKATES AMMY^afl amake to very general aee In aB Ihfl Stole HoaPTALS and PUB- UG SANITARY IMSIinniOMB thmofftoot tha hmd, « wall aato Privatepraetlom,and ajwwoaidarad aa to- valuable remadiea. ST. CHARLES SALOON, STAMM, Bay Lane, rear of Poet Office— V Th « beat Liquors, Ales, Wine*. Segars, Ac , including a choice article ot 9ELT- EK’S WATER, directly imported from Ueroturlhum. Nassau, and the beet of Rhine Wiues. s LUNCH every day at U o’clock. mlS-ty LA PIERRE HOUSE, PHILADELPHIA. T^Hoose^luirakbiei 1 ' * lav * n 5 tewed this favorite REFITTED AND RRFURRIflHED IN AN ELEGANT MANNER, And is uow Prepared wig. tbs Most p tr . Tert Appointnients for the Hecep- tion or Onsets. Tile flret position umoiio first-class Hotels will be maintained in the future, us in the past jel2tf , - . - BAKER A FARLEY. THE VERANDA HOUSE, ” A T WHITE BLUFF, will lie open on and after Monday, the 9th met, lor the accommodation or Boarders. transient or permanent. The subscriber, flora his long experience in the husicess, can safely gnarautee the comfort of those who may give him a call my2«-tr MOSES NLBELISARIO LIVE OAK GLUB HOUSE, No. 32 GEORGE STREET, Charleston, South Carolina, Is now open for the accommodation of transient au permanent gnesta. Choicest Liquors, Wines, Ales and Segars BRAMGH OFFICE KNICKERBOCKER LIFE MMNCE CO., Of New York City, Stre SAVANNAH Policies Issued and Losses Paic ALWAYS ON HABU. Tornito, slllf per X)«y. PETER JONES, Proprietor. OPPICB. CHARLESTON HOTEL, CHARLESTON, S. C. T HIS popnlai and well known Hotel, aitnated In the business portion of the city, haa been newly tar nished tlirooghont by the present proprietor, who bos been sixteen years connected with the establishment. mM “ w WH1TR, Proprietor. Port Royal House, HILTON HEAD, S. C. RIDDELL A a. a. BiDDxu.. InS-tf Pbopbiivobb m. r. anuo. Miscellaneous. GEORGIA STATE DIRECTORY. H , orl_866 and 1867. BY CAPT. JOHN C. BRAIN, OF SAVANNAH, GA. T his valuable work of reference will be published on or about the 1st day of July next It will embrace tbe exact location of every business and professional man in the S ate or Georgia, as well as the private residences in all the cities, and will be the most extensive aud complete directory ever pub lished. No husirn-ss man should be without it, and uone should foil to advertise in It. as It is doubtless a splendid medium through which to communicate with substantial classes throughout, the country. Ill the City of New York alone the puldishef has nearly five hundred subscribers, and that list is daily on lliu increase, j'lie price ot subscription is within the roach o' . very business man, h.iwe»er limited his means The advertising terms are likewist reason able. Capt. Braiu and bis General Agent, J. Orris Lea, of Charleston, may b„ conferred with at Eatill’s News Depot, rear of Post office, each day for tbe next week, after the hour of one I*. M. my30-lm. Emigrants Can be Supplied WITHIN TEN DAYS. rpHK undersigned are prepared to supply Planter* BMM^WFiKUMW! bejujffaut of WHITE *«. n— .cui-io 10 fit| any orders lor agricnitnfe Laborers, Woodei;”_rs, Mechanics, etc., within Ten or Twelve days frooit lie day the order Is {riven here The Laborers are to «e received by the Employers on arrival ol tbe steamer here, aud transported to the points where they are wauled at Employers’ expense, and the Employers have further to pay a certain sum per head in advance, parity as security and partly lor covering the expenses In bringing the Emigrants irom the North to tills port. The rate at which Farming Laborers can be se cored will average about $150 per year, the Employ era finding them. For rnrther particulars apply to WM. MORVILLE to CO., Jone3' Block, Bay street, One door East of Barnard street, ■Savannah, Ga. REFERENCES: Jackson & Lawton, savannah. John W. Anderson & Son, Savannah. Solomon Cohen, Savannah. Jno. C, Ferrill. Savannah. Nicholls, camp <£ Co., davanuah Geo. A. Cuyler, Savannah. W. R. Fleming, Savannah. John Screven, Savannah. Brigham, Baldwin <t Co., Savannah Savannah National Bank Savannah. m2 CREDITS Given to holders of Mutual Policies of SO PER CENT., if desired, when the premium amouuts to $50 or more, and is paid annually. DIVIDENDS made to holders of Mutual Policies as follows; PAID IN CASH, APPLY ON PREMIUM NOTES, or ADDED TO THE POLICY. The latter or REVERSIONARY" DIVI DENDS declared by this Company in 1865 were trom FORTY-FOUR to ONE HUN DRED AND TWENTY PER CENT* ac cording to age. Ten Year, Non-Forfeiture, ENDOWMENT, Life Policie THE SOUTHERN Accident Insurance Co., inroBiuia, va. Authorized Capital, $1,000,000 insures AGAINST ALL ACCIDENTS, Giving the holder of an Annual Policy the lull amount insured in case of death, and compensation each week, if disabled, for a period • NOT EXCEEDING TWENTY-SIX WEEKS. SHORT TIKE POLICIES. ($3,000 FOR TK1V CENTS I) Travellers’ Tickets, from one to thirty days, may be had at the Railroad Ticket Offices, Steamship Agencies, and at the Office of the General Agent. The Stock of this Company ia exclusively in Southern hands, and represented by a Directory widely and favorably known. We, therefore, appeal with confidence to the good will and patronage of the Southern public. S Issuea u) gents perior Ale, (warranted to stand in anycltmate), are now prepared to supply tbe name iu packages to anil purchasers. apis-3 mo CUNNINGHAM, PURSE A CO No Extra Charge for Southern Residence Directors: Hskry Bkioakk, President Merchants’ National Bank. Colonel Wk. 8. Rockwell. H. A. Crank, of Crane A Graybill. John D. Hopkins. A. A. Solomons, of a. a. Solomon* A Co. 8. A. SOCLLAKD. E. J. Moses, of Brady, Smith A Co. Fred. M. Hull, of Holcombe A Co. M. Jfc. Cohen, Secretary Home Insurance Co. offichub. president and treasurer, COL. MAURICE S. LANGHORNE. VINE PRESIDENTS, GEN. JOHN B. GORDON, of Georgia GEN. HARRY T. HAYS, of Louisiana GEN. JOHN B. GORDON, AgeMlfflPfti/IStan;. o. c. my23 MYERS, General Agent, SAVANNAH, GA. Set Medical PrcftrHm tf Budm, . from uanftHATwr or «a bmtb> htawsw ^flseProfeaaor Oram’s valuable vorttoe thePraoUoe Sa* restarts Made by tbe late esbbkteil Dr Peru of Philadelphia. aSaJeT See remarks made by Or. taasm MW. . — brated Pbytociaa and Membra at tbeBoytl Colieea at See Medico (Mhnyfcal Review, phttobed bv BRaiA- ua Txxvxwc Fellow of Royal Colllqelf Bereescs 8*e moat of tba 1st* 8t*odard Woefr et “rlklaia EXTRACT BUCHU, 8M by «U Bnggits. IRDfQPAL DEPOT- f HBLUBOD'I awe AID-CHEMICAL muauuia, fiM BBOADWAf. W. M. W^LSH, %hol*aale Agent for tha Mata lof Georgia. decTT-bodlj Ad vertlskiginSoufljarrt Georgia rvom Hszsjz* ■frissiflfr aadnpj GREAT SOUTHERN nm WAREHOUSE ANU Depot forPrinters’Sopplies 210 Bar Street, Sarauoah 6a. _ . . Boards Card Boards, Printers' Cards, Envelopes, Twine* and Printing Inks Having had lopg experience ia tbe business, and buying onr goods in large Ms direct from the maun- lacturers enables us to compete with Now York prices Agents for Wade’s celebrated Printing Inks; Agents In this citv for the Bath Paper Mills. - The higlieet cash prices paid for all kinds of paper t ock A. WILBUR, General Manager WM. R. BOYD, Agent. Dr. K. YONGE, Examining Physician. Dr. R. D. ARNOLD, Consulting Phyalc’n. Je7-tf THE LAWYERS TESfiDATH. United States District Court P ~ Southern District of Georgia. Argument of HON. HENRY S. FITCH, XT. IS. District Attorney. • M PAMPHLET FORM. PRICK FIFTEEN CENTS. For sale by ESTILL A BROTHER, Bull street, corner Bay lane, SCHREINER Ac SON, Congress street, And COOPER, OLCOTTS A FARRELLY. tel-* NOTICE. ) pasted by the City Council oa t December, 1866, the^Umjej^on Y the Ordinance ». ths STth day of .. . as ante* of every description of mere •pen freight and passage money payahtein hones and moles, an paqafrad to THetiaoaiiflkedii titofttorotax lor the prt mouth'd R* T* GP" nyl-tf City VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. LEXINGTON, VA. fTIHE BOARD OF VISITORS will meet at ths Vir A ginia Military Institute on tbe 27th of June, to foake lippblnimepts of Cadets. Applications for State and pay Cadet appointments will lie made to the un dersigned, accompanied with the naual testimonials of good moral fcpiiaqter. Candidates for appointment mn,t be exempt from . ages between 16and 26 yearF, and in the chae pr elate Cadet applicants, muat satisfy the Board ot their inability to meet the expenses of the IiuifitQban. Candidate* for admission mast be able to read and write Well, and to perform with facility and accuracy the va. loa* operations of the four ground roles ol of redaction,. simple end com-.oand 1 ef vulgar and decimal fractions. (pne for each Sanatoria! District) will be anpplied with board ahd tuition without charge. Every arrangement has bean made by the Board ol Visitor! to maintain the bleb scientific character of the IostUnte, and to pot la roll (mention lte well tried and dtotinetive system of discipline and instruc tion. 1 The gtbdaaflhg exercises of the institution will tsko place st me lnatitalsoa the 4th of July. The are respectfully Bxrited W sli sf theie eaerciees. Kir all' farther information, application will be mad* totheMaperiatesdeat. FRANCIS H. SMITH. Superintendent Aognsta CoosUtuttonaitst please Insert six rimes, and send bill to this office, may2«-6t-w. THE r+REAT SOUTHERN AND WESTERN Life and Accident COMPANY OF New Orleans- Capital, 0- $300,000 GEN. JAMES LONGSTREET, President. SBX PKXPSBID o TAKE RISK'S tHeaaoxiable Tori WILLIAM C. CORNS, Agent, At Marine Bask. THE OGLETHORPE 4. W. STEELE, (Late Steals • Bmrbhak,) 11 Merchutg' Bur, Hfltm Head,Se. Ca And corner Bing an# Oeerge Me., Charleston, STALLS the nttentian of Wholesale and Betail V 1 chaser* to his superior stock of Military &nd Naval Clothing, Amm FURNISHING GOODS, j*S3»aa«S{f£insisss Cum Vtekl Glasse*, Gauntlet*, Qfovea, PROPOSALS WANTED 'tf&'.nnA?'. Insurance Comp’y OF 8AVANNAH Are prepared to take IFire Risks on Reasonable Tens, At their Office, 117 Bay Street. H- W. MEBCEH, President J. T. Thokab, Sec. H. W. Mercer C. a Hardee William Hunter A. 8. Haitridge A. Porter R. Morgan J. Stoddard J. T. Thomas W. Bemahart F. L. Gue H. A Crane A A Solomons M. Hamilton W.W. Gordon mjT-tf Directors: M. 8. Cohen J. Lama J. W. Nentt D G. Purse A Pullartoo 3. McT L J. ( rtin F. ’ Q. 1 tt. J E. Pj Claton, Augusta i. W. .Knott, Macon tt F. Boas, Macon W. H. Young, Columbus SPSS9B- Rockland Lime FRANCIS COBB’S MANUFACTURE. jgQBUife*'